Light field three-dimensional display device based on intermediate light guide layer
By introducing an intermediate light guide layer and a multi-layer liquid crystal panel structure into the light field 3D display device, an independent display path is constructed, which solves the limitations of resolution and depth of field improvement in the existing technology and achieves a low-cost and high-efficiency 3D display effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610978113.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing integrated imaging light field 3D display devices have limitations in improving spatial resolution, depth of field, and viewing angle. Furthermore, their complex manufacturing processes and high costs limit the feasibility of practical productization and large-scale application.
The system employs an intermediate light guide layer structure, including LED light-emitting diode strips and acrylic light guide plates, combined with slit reflectors and multi-layer LCD panels, to construct two independent display paths. Different central depth planes are formed through lens arrays, thereby achieving improved resolution and expanded depth of field.
A low-cost light field 3D display device has been developed, which improves resolution and depth of field, conforms to the characteristics of human visual perception, and has better economic benefits and practicality.
Smart Images
Figure CN122632472A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated imaging light field three-dimensional display technology, and in particular to a light field three-dimensional display device based on an intermediate light guide layer. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, integrated imaging light field 3D display is highly favored due to its advantages such as simple structure, relatively low cost, relatively small data volume, easy integration, easy colorization, and relatively comfortable visual experience. It is considered one of the most promising naked-eye 3D display technologies for industrialization, with great application potential in multiple fields such as medicine, military, and education. However, due to its light field reconstruction principle, the presentation effect of 3D content in integrated imaging 3D display technology is still limited by the display devices and system architecture. The three core indicators—spatial resolution, depth of field, and viewing angle—remain mutually constrained. How to maximize these three core indicators has always been a key research focus for integrated imaging, and continuously improving its display performance and quality remains a direction for future research development.
[0003] Most current display optimization methods rely on time-division multiplexing or space-division multiplexing strategies to improve display performance and visual effects by expanding the spatial bandwidth product of the system. However, the introduction of multiplexing mechanisms typically increases the complexity of the collaborative design between the backlight system and the display panel, making the overall structure cumbersome. Performance improvements also often depend heavily on the precise coordination between the backlight system and the display panel, which not only significantly increases the design complexity of the backlight module but also places higher demands on drive control precision, synchronization mechanisms, and light energy utilization efficiency. Although some solutions can simplify the structure to a certain extent, their manufacturing processes remain complex and costly, limiting the feasibility of practical productization and large-scale application. Based on the above analysis, designing a low-cost and highly practical light field 3D display device has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a light field three-dimensional display device based on an intermediate light guide layer, so as to achieve low cost and high practicality.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a three-dimensional light field display device based on an intermediate light guide layer, the device comprising: The following components are arranged sequentially from bottom to top: backlight, first polarizer, first liquid crystal panel, slit reflector, intermediate light guide layer, second polarizer, second liquid crystal panel, third polarizer, and lens array. The intermediate light guide layer includes an LED light-emitting diode strip and an acrylic light guide plate; the LED light-emitting diode strip illuminates the acrylic light guide plate from the side. The slit reflector includes a reflective portion and a light-transmitting portion; the reflective portion and the light-transmitting portion are alternately arranged. The first display path is formed by the backlight, the first polarizer, the first liquid crystal panel, the light-transmitting portion of the slit reflector, the acrylic light guide plate, the second polarizer, the non-modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel, the third polarizer, and the lens array. The second display path is formed by the acrylic light guide plate, the second polarizer, the modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel, the third polarizer, and the lens array.
[0006] Optionally, the light field viewing angle corresponding to the first layer display path is calculated. and the light field viewing angle corresponding to the second layer display path The specific formula is: (1); (2); Wherein, P1 is the micro-image pixel pitch of the first liquid crystal panel, P2 is the micro-image pixel pitch of the second liquid crystal panel, g1 is the distance from the first liquid crystal panel to the lens array, and g2 is the distance from the second liquid crystal panel to the lens array.
[0007] Optionally, the condition under which the viewing angles of the light fields formed by the two liquid crystal panels do not conflict and the viewing angles of the light fields are fully utilized is: .
[0008] Optionally, the number of micro-image elements corresponding to the first liquid crystal panel is set to twice the number of lens elements of the lens array.
[0009] Optionally, the modulation region of the second liquid crystal panel in the second layer display path and the modulation region of the reflective part of the slit reflector are set with the same modulation period. The micro-image pixels in the corresponding area of the light-transmitting part of the slit reflector are not modulated, while the micro-image pixels in the corresponding area of the reflective part are given the required modulation content.
[0010] Optionally, the first polarizer is a 90° polarizer, and the second and third polarizers are both 0° polarizers.
[0011] Optionally, a hole is drilled in the acrylic light guide plate below the corresponding position of the modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel.
[0012] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention discloses a three-dimensional light field display device based on an intermediate light guide layer. The device includes, from bottom to top, a backlight, a first polarizer, a first liquid crystal panel, a slit reflector, an intermediate light guide layer, a second polarizer, a second liquid crystal panel, a third polarizer, and a lens array. A first display path is formed by the backlight, the first polarizer, the first liquid crystal panel, the light-transmitting portion of the slit reflector, an acrylic light guide plate, the second polarizer, the non-modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel, the third polarizer, and the lens array. A second display path is formed by the acrylic light guide plate, the second polarizer, the modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel, the third polarizer, and the lens array. This invention constructs two display paths with different object distances by setting an intermediate light guide layer and different controllable light paths, allowing the light emitted from both to alternately pass through the lens array to form two different central depth planes. This dual-layer display path achieves improved and controlled resolution, as well as expanded depth of field. Furthermore, this invention has the advantages of low cost and high practicality. Attached Figure Description
[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional light field display device based on an intermediate light guide layer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first layer display path structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second layer display pathway structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the viewing angle of the first layer display path in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the visual angle relationship between the two pathways in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the viewpoint distribution in an embodiment of the present invention; Among them, 1. backlight, 2. first polarizer, 3. first liquid crystal panel, 400. slit reflector, 401. reflective part, 402. light-transmitting part, 500. intermediate light guide layer, 501. acrylic light guide plate, 502. LED light-emitting diode light strip, 6. second polarizer, 7. second liquid crystal panel, 8. third polarizer, 9. lens array, 10. 0° equivalent polarizer. Detailed Implementation
[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0016] The purpose of this invention is to provide a light field three-dimensional display device based on an intermediate light guide layer, so as to achieve low cost and high practicality.
[0017] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0018] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the present invention discloses a three-dimensional light field display device based on an intermediate light guide layer, comprising: a backlight 1, a first polarizer 2, a first liquid crystal panel 3, a slit reflector 400, an intermediate light guide layer 500, a second polarizer 6, a second liquid crystal panel 7, a third polarizer 8, and a lens array 9 arranged sequentially from bottom to top; the intermediate light guide layer 500 includes an LED light-emitting diode strip 502 and an acrylic light guide plate 501, the LED light-emitting diode strip 502 illuminating the acrylic light guide plate 501 from the side; the slit reflector 400 alternately provides a reflective portion 401 and a light-transmitting portion 402.
[0019] In this invention, the first polarizer 2 is a 90° polarizer, and the second polarizer 6 and the third polarizer 8 are both 0° polarizers.
[0020] The first display path is formed by a backlight 1, a first polarizer 2, a first liquid crystal panel 3, a light-transmitting portion 402 of a slit reflector 400, an acrylic light guide plate 501, a second polarizer 6, a non-modulation area of a second liquid crystal panel 7, a third polarizer 8, and a lens array 9. The first display path is backlit by the bottommost backlight 1, polarized by the first polarizer 2, modulated by the first liquid crystal panel 3, and the light beam passing through the light-transmitting portion 402 of the slit reflector 400. This light then passes through the upper intermediate light guide layer 500, the second polarizer 6, the non-modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel 7, and the third polarizer 8, and finally through the corresponding lens array 9 to form a central depth plane CDP1. The intermediate light guide layer 500, the second polarizer 6, the non-modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel 7, and the third polarizer 8 can be simply equivalent to passing through a 0° equivalent polarizer 10.
[0021] The second display path is composed of an acrylic light guide plate 501, a second polarizer 6, a modulation area of a second liquid crystal panel 7, a third polarizer 8, and a lens array 9. Light from the acrylic light guide plate 501 passes through the second polarizer 6, the modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel 7, and the third polarizer 8, and then through the corresponding lens array 9 to form a central depth plane CDP2. In the second display path, the modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel 7 and the modulation area of the reflective portion 401 of the slit reflector 400 have the same modulation period. The micro-image pixels in the corresponding area of the light-transmitting portion 402 of the slit reflector 400 are not modulated, while the micro-image pixels in the corresponding area of the reflective portion 401 receive the required modulation content. Due to the beam isolation effect of the reflective portion 401, the modulation of the first liquid crystal panel 3 is not affected by the second liquid crystal panel 7; the two are independent of each other. Therefore, in this invention, all micro-image pixels of the first liquid crystal panel 3 are modulated, while the micro-image pixels of the second liquid crystal panel 7 are modulated alternately without interference. It can be seen that the two liquid crystal panels and their corresponding polarizer structures provide different independent modulations for two different display paths.
[0022] This invention constructs two display paths with different object distances by setting an intermediate light guide layer 500 and different adjustable light paths, so that the light emitted from the two paths alternately passes through the lens array 9 to form two different center depth planes (CDPs). The center depth plane generated by the first display path is CDP1, and the center depth plane generated by the second display path is CDP2. This invention, through the intermediate light guide layer 500 and the dual-layer display paths, achieves improved and adjustable resolution, as well as expanded depth of field.
[0023] The intermediate light guide layer 500 of this invention is composed of an acrylic light guide plate 501 and a side-lit LED light-emitting diode strip 502. The acrylic light guide plate 501 ensures light transmission, while the light emitted by the side-lit LED light-emitting diode strip 502 can be totally reflected inside the acrylic light guide plate 501, forming an independent path. A hole is drilled below the position corresponding to the modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel 7 in the acrylic light guide plate 501, thereby guiding the light from inside the acrylic light guide plate 501 to the outside.
[0024] The slit reflector 400 of this invention uses a periodic array to arrange the light-transmitting portion 402 and the reflective portion 401, thereby generating two different display paths, enabling the device to simultaneously display the content of two display layers. The lens array 9 is composed of lens elements with the same structure and parameters, achieving beam directionality constraint. The light-emitting area of the liquid crystal panel corresponding to a single lens element in the lens array 9 is a micro-image element of the liquid crystal panel in the light field display, and a micro-image array is formed by periodically modulating the liquid crystal panel.
[0025] In this invention, light beams from two different display paths alternately pass through the lens array 9. Due to the positional relationship of the first liquid crystal panel 3 within the path, the micro-image elements corresponding to the first liquid crystal panel 3 are set to twice the number of lens elements in the lens array 9, ensuring that the emitted light beams can pass completely through the first layer display path. See the appendix for details. Figure 2 The partitioning effect of the first LCD panel 3.
[0026] As attached Figure 3 As shown, the second display path is backlit by a combination of the central acrylic light guide plate 501 and the side-lit LED light-emitting diode strip 502. Laser-drilled holes are used below the acrylic light guide plate 501 at positions corresponding to the modulation areas of the second liquid crystal panel 7, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 The arc-shaped cut on the acrylic light guide plate 501 corresponds to a position where the total internal reflection structure of the internal LED light path is maximized, thus emitting light. The light beam emitted from this position passes through the second polarizer 6, is modulated by the second liquid crystal panel 7, and then passes through the third polarizer 8 and the corresponding lens array 9 to form the central depth plane CDP2. Since the second polarizer 6 and the third polarizer 8 form a double 0° parallel polarizer path, the modulation of the second liquid crystal panel 7 should be consistent with the normal black mode.
[0027] The light field viewing angles corresponding to the first and second display paths formed by the device of the present invention are free from crosstalk. The specific calculation formulas for the two light field viewing angles are as follows: (1); (2); Wherein, P1 is the micro-image pixel pitch of the first liquid crystal panel 3, P2 is the micro-image pixel pitch of the second liquid crystal panel 7, g1 is the distance from the first liquid crystal panel 3 to the lens array 9, and g2 is the distance from the second liquid crystal panel 7 to the lens array 9.
[0028] As attached Figure 4 As shown in the attached document Figure 4 As shown, in the first layer display path, due to the presence of the slit reflector 400, there is no first-order secondary viewing area around the single complete viewing area formed by the micro-image pixels of the first liquid crystal panel 3. The crosstalk of the secondary viewing area is blocked, and the viewing is not affected by crosstalk. Therefore, the light field viewing angle θ that is not affected by crosstalk is three times the light field viewing angle θ1 corresponding to the first layer display path.
[0029] Preferably, to ensure that there is no conflict between the viewing angles of the light fields formed by the two liquid crystal panels and that the viewing angles of the light fields are fully utilized, the viewing angle of the light field corresponding to a single complete viewing area of the second liquid crystal panel 7 (i.e., the viewing angle of the light field corresponding to the second display path) should be less than or equal to three times the viewing angle of the light field corresponding to a single complete viewing area of the first liquid crystal panel 3 (i.e., the viewing angle of the light field corresponding to the first display path), as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5As shown, the relationship between the viewing angles of the two should satisfy: (3); (4); in, The viewing angle corresponding to the first LCD panel 3. This refers to the viewing angle corresponding to the second LCD panel 7. If >3 If the light from the second liquid crystal panel 7 enters the crosstalk area of the first liquid crystal panel 3 and becomes ineffective, the optimal relationship is as shown in the above formula (4) in order to ensure that the light from the second liquid crystal panel 7 does not enter the crosstalk area of the first liquid crystal panel 3.
[0030] In this invention, the periods of the second liquid crystal panel 7, the perforation position of the acrylic light guide plate 501, and the slit reflector 400 must be consistent. Therefore, the micro-image elements of the second liquid crystal panel 7, the perforation size of the acrylic light guide plate 501, and the sizes of the light-transmitting portion 402 and the reflective portion 401 of the lower slit reflector 400 must all be set to be the same size as the lens unit of the lens array 9, and they must be aligned one by one so that the width of a single separated beam is just enough to illuminate a complete lens unit. In other words, the micro-image elements of the second liquid crystal panel 7 are set to the size of the lens elements of the lens array 9.
[0031] Due to the arrangement of micro-image pixels, the number of viewpoints formed by the first liquid crystal panel 3 is twice the number of viewpoints formed by the second liquid crystal panel 7. Therefore, the viewpoints formed by the first liquid crystal panel 3 will be distributed across its formed viewing angle. Within the range, the viewpoint formed by the second liquid crystal panel 7 will be distributed at the angle of view it forms. Within the range. Simultaneously, considering the principle of foveal vision in the human eye—the cone cells are densely packed in the fovea of the retina while the peripheral cells are sparse, and the central visual sensitivity is high—according to the relationship in formula (4), within the central visual angle range of the device, that is... Within the corresponding viewing angle range, all viewpoints formed by the first liquid crystal panel 3 and some viewpoints formed by the second liquid crystal panel 7 are densely distributed, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 As shown, this results in a distribution pattern with dense central viewpoints and sparse surrounding viewpoints, thus adapting to the concave characteristics of human visual perception and making full use of the spatial bandwidth product.
[0032] The positions of the two CDPs formed by the device are determined by Gauss's formula, namely: (5); Where g is the distance from the liquid crystal panel to the lens array 9, l is the distance from the CDP to the lens array 9, and f is the focal length of a single lens in the lens array 9. Due to their different object distances, the first liquid crystal panel 3 and the second liquid crystal panel 7 form CDPs located at different positions in space. Therefore, the light field regions corresponding to both can display different objects with a front-to-back relationship, and can also reproduce the same object through multi-layer display, thus expanding the depth of field and enhancing the resolution of the corresponding content.
[0033] This invention proposes a dual-CDP light field 3D display device based on an intermediate light guide layer 500. This device is low-cost, constructing two display layers with different object distances simply by setting the intermediate light guide layer 500 and adjusting the light path. The light emitted from these two layers alternately passes through the beam-splitting lens array 9 to form two different CDPs. Resolution is improved and controlled, and depth of field is expanded by splicing the light fields of the two layers. Simultaneously, the device's unique viewing area and viewpoint distribution characteristics—dense central viewpoints and sparse peripheral viewpoints—align with the foveal visual perception mechanism of the human eye, making more efficient use of spatial bandwidth and thus achieving a superior perceptual experience.
[0034] Compared to traditional light field display devices, the device of this invention utilizes two layers of liquid crystal panels, increasing the amount of information and expanding the spatial bandwidth product, thereby enabling resolution improvement and controllable allocation. The two liquid crystal panels of the device are physically located at different positions, and through the lens array 9, they can generate different conjugate image planes, i.e., the central depth plane. Traditional display devices only have one central depth plane. This device achieves the expansion of the depth of field by superimposing the light field spaces corresponding to the two central depth planes, thus achieving the purpose of large depth-of-field light field 3D display. The device uses a slit reflector 400 and a side-entry LED acrylic light guide plate 501 to separate different beam display paths. Both of these are simple components, low in cost, and have better economic efficiency and practicality.
[0035] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
Claims
1. A three-dimensional light field display device based on an intermediate light guide layer, characterized in that, The device includes: The following components are arranged sequentially from bottom to top: backlight, first polarizer, first liquid crystal panel, slit reflector, intermediate light guide layer, second polarizer, second liquid crystal panel, third polarizer, and lens array. The intermediate light guide layer includes an LED light-emitting diode strip and an acrylic light guide plate; the LED light-emitting diode strip illuminates the acrylic light guide plate from the side. The slit reflector includes a reflective portion and a light-transmitting portion; the reflective portion and the light-transmitting portion are alternately arranged. The first display path is formed by the backlight, the first polarizer, the first liquid crystal panel, the light-transmitting portion of the slit reflector, the acrylic light guide plate, the second polarizer, the non-modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel, the third polarizer, and the lens array. The second display path is formed by the acrylic light guide plate, the second polarizer, the modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel, the third polarizer, and the lens array.
2. The light field three-dimensional display device based on the intermediate light guide layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calculate the light field viewing angle corresponding to the first layer display path. and the light field viewing angle corresponding to the second layer display path The specific formula is: （1）； （2）； Wherein, P1 is the micro-image pixel pitch of the first liquid crystal panel, P2 is the micro-image pixel pitch of the second liquid crystal panel, g1 is the distance from the first liquid crystal panel to the lens array, and g2 is the distance from the second liquid crystal panel to the lens array.
3. The light field three-dimensional display device based on the intermediate light guide layer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conditions under which the viewing angles of the light fields formed by the two liquid crystal panels do not conflict and the viewing angles of the light fields are fully utilized are: .
4. The light field three-dimensional display device based on the intermediate light guide layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of micro-image elements corresponding to the first liquid crystal panel is set to twice the number of lens elements of the lens array.
5. The light field three-dimensional display device based on the intermediate light guide layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the second layer display path, the modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel and the modulation area of the reflective part of the slit reflector are set with the same modulation period. The micro-image pixels in the corresponding area of the light-transmitting part of the slit reflector are not modulated, while the micro-image pixels in the corresponding area of the reflective part are given the required modulation content.
6. The light field three-dimensional display device based on the intermediate light guide layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first polarizer is a 90° polarizer, and the second and third polarizers are both 0° polarizers.
7. The light field three-dimensional display device based on the intermediate light guide layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, A hole is drilled in the acrylic light guide plate below the corresponding position of the modulation area of the second liquid crystal panel.