A comprehensive treatment method for rural residual garbage

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of solid waste treatment, and discloses a comprehensive treatment method for rural residual garbage, comprising: arranging sampling points in the area covered by the residual garbage to obtain soil samples of different depths, collecting garbage samples in the area covered by the residual garbage to obtain garbage samples; detecting and analyzing the soil data and the garbage samples to obtain the soil pollution degree level; collecting the utilization status map, the topographic map and the soil map of the area covered by the residual garbage and superimposing them, and dividing the superimposed area into multiple sub-regions; extracting the feature information of each sub-region, grouping the multiple sub-regions into multiple sub-region groups according to the feature information, and obtaining the multiple sub-region groups; for each sub-region group, generating the corresponding treatment mode according to the soil pollution degree level, the soil characteristics and the topographic information. The residual garbage is comprehensively treated according to the corresponding treatment mode. Thus, the garbage plot treatment with pertinence is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste management, and specifically to a comprehensive management method for rural waste. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated waste management can improve the rural ecological environment and increase land utilization. However, existing integrated waste management methods often suffer from the following technical problems: Rural waste is characterized by its haphazard dumping, long-term accumulation, and lack of sorting, resulting in a large area affected and significant challenges in its disposal. Furthermore, improper handling can easily lead to secondary pollution of farmland, surface water, and air. Current comprehensive waste management methods lack specific solutions for addressing rural waste. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The summary section of this invention provides a brief overview of the concepts, which will be described in detail in the detailed description section below. This summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed technical solutions, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed technical solutions.

[0004] This invention proposes a comprehensive management method for rural waste to address one or more of the technical problems mentioned in the background section above.

[0005] This invention provides a comprehensive management method for rural waste, comprising: setting up sampling points in the area covered by waste to obtain soil samples at different depths; and collecting waste samples in the area covered by waste to obtain waste samples. Soil and waste samples were tested and analyzed to determine the level of soil pollution. Collect and overlay current utilization maps, topographic maps, and soil maps of the areas covered by residual waste, and divide the overlayed areas into multiple sub-areas; Extract the feature information of each sub-region, and divide the multiple sub-regions into multiple sub-region groups based on the feature information to obtain multiple sub-region groups; For each sub-region group, corresponding remediation methods are generated based on the level of soil pollution, soil characteristics, and topographic information; Based on the corresponding treatment methods, comprehensive treatment should be carried out on the remaining waste.

[0006] Optional features include soil pollution level, effective soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter, water resources, and ease of cultivation; and Before generating the corresponding governance method, it also includes: For each subregion in multiple subregion groups, evaluation factor scores are calculated based on feature information, resulting in multiple evaluation factor scores, including scores for land pollution level, effective soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation. Based on the scores of multiple evaluation factors and their corresponding preset weights, calculate the comprehensive suitability index of each sub-region in multiple sub-region groups; The comprehensive suitability index is compared with the preset land type improvement standard score to determine the corresponding land improvement direction and record the corresponding restrictive factor type. The land improvement direction includes cultivated land, forest land, orchard land, grassland and non-agricultural land.

[0007] Optionally, sampling points include soil sample collection points and surface water sample collection points; and sampling points are set up for areas covered by residual waste, including: Based on a pre-built landfill risk assessment table, a risk assessment is conducted on the area covered by residual waste to obtain the landfill risk assessment level. Based on the risk assessment level of the landfill, determine the number and depth of soil sampling points, and then set up soil sampling points. Waste samples were collected from the area covered by the remaining waste, and the waste samples included: From the area covered by residual waste, determine the first number of waste-covered sub-regions; for each waste-covered sub-region, collect a preset weight of waste from different locations to obtain coarse sample waste; For the coarsely sampled waste, it is classified according to the constructed waste classification method, and a preset number of waste items are collected from each category to form a waste sample.

[0008] Optionally, the comprehensive management method for rural waste of the present invention further includes: Based on the corresponding remediation methods and land images within the pre-defined area covered by residual waste, a soil requirement analysis was conducted, and multiple borrow pits were identified, including: Collect high-resolution satellite images and drone oblique photography images of the area covered by residual garbage and the surrounding pre-defined range; Extract soil type, surface slope, vegetation cover, and current land use to generate a digital land image at a preset scale; The required soil type and cover thickness are determined based on the treatment method of the corresponding sub-region group, and the total soil required for a single sub-region and the overall treatment area is calculated by combining the sub-region area and soil compaction coefficient.

[0009] Optionally, the comprehensive management method for rural waste of the present invention further includes: After treatment, the treated plots are continuously monitored, and vegetation growth data are collected regularly. By analyzing vegetation growth data, vegetation regulation schemes are obtained, which include adjusting forest belt structure, adjusting relationships between tree species, and forest pruning schemes.

[0010] Optionally, multiple borrow pits may be identified, including: Within the area covered by residual waste and the surrounding pre-defined range, the topsoil stripped from farmland occupied by the construction project is screened; from the topsoil stripped from farmland, the soil type and soil quality requirements that meet the treatment method are selected and marked as target soil; the target soil is used as the first soil source; and the area corresponding to the first soil source is determined as the first type of borrow pit. When the first type of borrow pit cannot meet the soil quantity or soil quality requirements of the treatment method, an area that meets the soil borrowing conditions is selected from the pre-set borrow pits and designated as the second type of borrow pit. Multiple borrow pits are identified based on whether they are classified as Class I or Class II borrow pits.

[0011] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Systematic, hierarchical, and refined waste management has been achieved. Through risk assessments of each landfill and its sub-areas, multi-level collection and precise testing of soil and waste samples, soil pollution levels are established, providing a scientific basis for remediation plans. Utilizing characteristic information from sub-area groups, including soil pollution levels, effective soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation, a comprehensive suitability index is calculated to determine the direction of land remediation. This allows for personalized design of remediation measures based on the actual soil, topography, and environmental conditions of different sub-areas. Based on pollution levels, soil characteristics, and topographic conditions, the developed comprehensive remediation plan includes multiple coordinated operations such as pollution control, soil improvement, soil and water conservation, and soil covering measures. This enables effective isolation or removal of contaminated soil in high-risk areas, reasonable remediation of low-risk areas, and optimization of soil structure. This significantly improves soil quality, enhances topographic and hydrological conditions, reduces pollution risks, and ensures that the land meets safe use or ecological restoration standards after remediation, providing precise and feasible remediation methods.

[0012] 2. By quantifying characteristics such as land pollution level, soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation, and calculating evaluation factor scores, this invention can generate a comprehensive suitability index for each sub-region group, accurately determine the direction of land remediation, and mark limiting factors. In the soil requirement analysis, digital land images are generated through high-resolution satellite imagery and UAV oblique photography. Combined with the remediation method, soil type and topsoil thickness are determined, and the total soil requirement for each sub-region and the whole is calculated to ensure the scientific feasibility of soil source planning. The classification of borrow pits (Class I high-quality soil source, Class II supplementary soil source) ensures that soil quality and supply are traceable and manageable. After remediation, by regularly collecting and analyzing vegetation growth data, this invention can formulate personalized vegetation control plans, including adjustments to forest belt structure, optimization of tree species configuration, and pruning schemes, to achieve healthy tree growth and optimized ecological functions. Overall, this invention constructs a closed-loop management system covering pre-remediation assessment, remediation implementation, and post-remediation monitoring, achieving scientific, efficient, and executable comprehensive management and ecological restoration of rural waste. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the various embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a comprehensive treatment method for rural waste according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an image of garbage collection points in a typical area, which is part of a comprehensive management method for rural waste. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention.

[0016] It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0017] It should be noted that the concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this invention are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules or units or their interdependencies.

[0018] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0019] The names of messages or information exchanged between the various devices of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of these messages or information.

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the flowchart of a comprehensive management method for rural waste according to the present invention includes: Step 101: Set up sampling points in the area covered by the remaining garbage to obtain soil samples at different depths, and collect garbage samples in the area covered by the remaining garbage to obtain garbage samples.

[0022] In some embodiments, the abandoned waste-covered area refers to the total area consisting of multiple abandoned waste dumping sites in villages or townships within a county or city administrative region. This area may include municipal solid waste dumps, construction waste dumps, and other mixed waste dumps. Each dump can be considered a unit within a county / city-level region, and each dump can be further subdivided into waste-covered sub-areas. A waste-covered sub-area is a small unit divided from the dump based on its actual dumping area, shape, and terrain features. Each sub-area has an area of ​​approximately 50-100 square meters and must contain at least a certain volume or weight of waste to ensure representative sampling. Sampling points can be set up using the following steps: First, based on a pre-constructed landfill risk assessment table, a risk assessment is conducted on the area covered by residual waste to obtain the landfill risk level. Second, according to the landfill risk level, the number and depth of soil sampling points are determined, and soil sampling points are then deployed.

[0023] As an example, waste is first categorized into five types based on its source: construction waste (A), domestic waste (B), combined construction and domestic waste (C), slag (D), and complex mixed waste (E). Each type of waste disposal site is then assessed at four risk levels. This is further combined with the following factors: disposal site type (ground, slope, pit, ditch), storage depth (<1m, 1-3m, 3-6m, >6m), storage area (<667 m², 667-3335 m², 3335-6667 m², >6667 m²), and storage duration (<5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, >15 years). The risk assessment of actual waste dumps is based on a pre-constructed risk assessment table, considering factors such as the year of origin, distance from rivers (water sources) (<5m, 5-50m, 50-150m, >150m), groundwater depth (<1m, 1-3m, 3-5m, >5m), and land use type (agricultural land, construction land, water area and water conservancy facilities land, transportation land, unused land). This risk assessment table is a tool or form used to scientifically evaluate the potential environmental risks of legacy waste dumps, providing a basis for sampling point layout, soil depth, and remediation strategies. The risk assessment level is obtained by comprehensively scoring each waste dump using the risk assessment table, reflecting the level of potential environmental risk. It can be divided into four levels: Level 1 (low risk), Level 2 (low to medium risk), Level 3 (medium to high risk), and Level 4 (high risk).

[0024] Based on this, the number and depth of soil sampling points are determined according to the risk assessment level of the landfill. For example, according to the risk assessment level of the landfill, one sampling point is set up for Level 1 risk, two sampling points for Level 2 risk, three sampling points for Level 3 risk, and four sampling points for Level 4 risk. GPS positioning devices or GIS spatial planning tools are used to determine the coordinates of the sampling points, and the village, landfill, and sub-area number are recorded. Regarding sampling depth, Level 1 and Level 2 risks are sampled from the surface layer (0-20cm), Level 3 risks are sampled from two depths (0-20cm and 20-40cm), and for Level 4 risks, for landfills occupying agricultural land or filled with soil, three layers of soil are sampled (0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm), and for land occupying building land, four layers of soil are sampled (0-20cm, 20-300cm, 300-600cm). Cross-contamination must be avoided during sampling; sampling tools should be cleaned before each sampling, and separate sampling bags should be used for different depths. As an example, sampling methods can be divided into two types: one is for landfills requiring farmland restoration, in which soil is collected; the other is for landfills where only waste removal is needed, in which soil is collected from the bottom of the landfill. For soil sampling, a soil drill or shovel is used at each sampling point to collect soil samples at a preset depth. Each depth is individually numbered and stored, and the sampling point number, depth, and landfill information are recorded. For example, at the Level 3 risk landfill sampling point S23, 500g of soil is collected from the 0–20cm layer and another 500g of soil is collected from the middle layer (20–40cm), and placed into sampling bags numbered S23-1 and S23-2 respectively.

[0025] Optionally, if surface water samples need to be collected, samples can be collected from areas with shallow groundwater levels, ditches, canals, and areas classified as E4 waste cover.

[0026] Optionally, waste samples are collected in the area covered by residual waste to obtain waste samples, including: determining a first number of waste-covered sub-areas from the area covered by residual waste; collecting a preset weight of waste from different locations for each waste-covered sub-area to obtain coarse waste samples; classifying the coarse waste samples according to the constructed waste classification method, and collecting a preset number of waste samples from each category to form waste samples.

[0027] As an example, based on the "Sampling and Analysis Methods for Municipal Solid Waste," ten typical sub-areas covered by waste were selected. Representative samples were collected from three locations around each waste pile: the upper, middle, and lower sides (sampling depth determined according to specific circumstances). 10-15 kg was collected from each side, totaling 40-60 kg. These were further categorized into: kitchen waste (residue from various animal and plant foods, including fruit scraps), paper (waste paper and paper products), plastics (waste plastics, adhesives, and leather products), wood and bamboo (waste wood and bamboo products and plants), textiles (waste fabrics, including synthetic fibers and cotton); ash and soil (furnace ash, sand, dust, etc.), bricks, tiles, and ceramics (waste bricks, tiles, porcelain, blocks, cement blocks, and other block-shaped products), glass (waste glass and glass products), metals (waste metals and metal products), and other (waste not included in the above nine categories), totaling 10 categories. Three samples were collected from each category, for a total of 30 samples. The coarse sampling involves randomly collecting unsorted waste samples from each waste-covered sub-area for subsequent classification analysis. Within each landfill, coarse sampling is conducted in its divided waste-covered sub-areas, with a predetermined weight (e.g., 1–5 kg) of waste randomly collected from the center and perimeter of each sub-area. The waste samples are formed by combining the coarsely sampled waste according to a classification method and are used for component analysis and pollution assessment. The predetermined weight refers to the standard weight of waste samples collected each time from the waste-covered sub-area, ensuring sample representativeness and comparability; this weight can be determined based on the total waste volume of the landfill and the area of ​​the sub-areas. The predetermined number of samples refers to the number of samples to be collected from each type of waste in the coarse sampling, used to form the final waste sample; this number can be determined based on the classification quantity and representativeness principles.

[0028] Step 102: Analyze the soil and waste samples to determine the level of soil pollution. In some embodiments, multiple detection methods can be employed. For example, on-site detection equipment can be used for preliminary screening of collected samples, including the use of real-time detection equipment (PID, XRF, portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, etc.) to determine pollutants or other parameters in soil and surface water samples on-site. On-site detection is used to quickly determine the concentration range of pollutants and can provide guidance for the implementation of sampling plans, the supplementation of sampling points, and on-site adjustments.

[0029] As an example, for precise laboratory analysis, soil and waste samples are sent to the laboratory for standardized testing, including 6 heavy metals, 66 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 27 VOCs, and other pollutants such as Mg, Mg, Mg, and Manganese. Simultaneously, soil organic matter and nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) are measured. In summary, the testing items for soil samples in the preliminary investigation stage of construction land are: pH, heavy metals (cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, molybdenum, iron, and manganese), VOCs (65 items), organic matter, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. Waste samples are analyzed according to their classification, such as testing for heavy metals and nutrients in kitchen waste, testing for soluble harmful substances and microplastics in plastics and textiles, and testing for heavy metals and alkaline substances in ash soil and brick / ceramic materials.

[0030] Based on this, after obtaining the test data, the pollutant concentration of each sample was compared with the agricultural land soil pollution risk screening value and the soil pollution risk control value. The agricultural land soil pollution risk screening value indicates that if the pollutant content is equal to or lower than this value, the risk to agricultural product quality and safety, crop growth, or the soil ecological environment is low and can generally be ignored. If the pollutant content exceeds this value, there may be a risk to agricultural product quality and safety, crop growth, or the soil ecological environment, and soil environmental monitoring and agricultural product collaborative monitoring should be strengthened. In principle, safe utilization measures should be adopted. The soil pollution risk control value indicates that if the pollutant content in agricultural land soil exceeds this value, the edible agricultural products will not meet quality and safety standards, indicating a high risk of agricultural land soil pollution, and strict control measures should be adopted. Based on the comparison results, the pollution level of each soil sample and sampling point was classified, forming a pollution level data table. Each sampling point, sub-region, stockpile number, and sampling depth corresponds to a pollution level. Pollution levels are categorized as follows: Level 1 (low risk, all indicators are below the screening values), Level 2 (low to medium risk, some indicators are close to or slightly exceed the screening values), Level 3 (medium to high risk, indicators significantly exceed the screening values ​​but do not exceed the control values), and Level 4 (high risk, at least one indicator exceeds the control value). During the grading process, a comprehensive pollution index can be calculated by weighting each detection indicator according to preset weights to comprehensively assess pollution risk.

[0031] Step 103: Collect and overlay the current utilization status map, topographic map and soil map of the area covered by the remaining garbage, and divide it into multiple sub-areas.

[0032] Step 104: Extract the feature information of each sub-region, and divide the multiple sub-regions into multiple sub-regions based on the feature information to obtain multiple sub-region groups; In some embodiments, such as Figure 2The image shown illustrates a typical area of ​​a waste collection site, illustrating a comprehensive management method for rural waste according to the present invention. For example, the image shows a waste collection site in Zhaodian Village, Xincheng Town. The area circled in red in the image represents the area covered by waste. High-resolution imagery allows identification of its spatial relationship with surrounding farmland, woodland, and village boundaries. On a GIS platform, using this image as a base map, overlaying land use status and topographic vector data allows for the division into multiple sub-regions with independent geographical attributes based on feature boundaries. A land use status map can be obtained from government land use databases, remote sensing imagery (satellite or drone photography), or existing Geographic Information System (GIS) data. This map displays the actual land use, such as cultivated land, woodland, orchards, grassland, construction land, water areas, and other unused land. A digital elevation model (DEM) can be generated from high-resolution satellite imagery or drone oblique photography images, or a topographic map can be obtained using existing topographic surveying data. A topographic map represents surface elevation, slope, and aspect, used to describe the terrain features of an area. A soil map is a map that represents information such as soil type, soil texture, effective soil layer thickness, and organic matter content within a region. Soil maps can be generated by combining existing soil databases, field soil surveys, and sample analysis results, providing soil attribute data for each sub-region. Soil maps are crucial for determining land suitability, calculating characteristic information, and developing remediation plans. After collecting this information, land use status, topography, and soil information are overlaid on a GIS platform to form a comprehensive information map. The overlay operation integrates three layers under a unified geographic coordinate system, enabling each plot to simultaneously acquire land use type, topographic features, and soil attributes. Based on the comprehensive information map, the area covered by residual waste is divided into multiple sub-regions. Each sub-region is a continuous unit with similar land use, topography, and soil attributes. It can be divided using a grid method (e.g., 50m × 50m or 100m × 100m) or based on feature boundaries or natural dividing boundaries. During the division process, each sub-region is labeled and numbered, and its geographic coordinate range, soil type, slope, land use type, and related characteristic information are recorded, providing basic data for subsequent analysis and management.

[0033] In some embodiments, after each sub-region is divided, feature information is extracted to describe the soil conditions, topographic features, and environmental factors of the sub-region. Feature information refers to a set of indicators used to describe the key environmental, topographic, and soil attributes of each sub-region. It can quantify the natural conditions, pollution status, and management characteristics of the sub-region, allowing different sub-regions to be compared and grouped numerically or hierarchically. The extracted feature information includes the degree of land pollution, effective soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter content, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation. The degree of land pollution can be quantified into numerical values ​​or hierarchical levels through the analysis of soil and waste samples. Effective soil layer thickness is the thickness of the soil layer suitable for plant growth, expressed in centimeters, obtained through soil maps or field surveys. Topographic slope is the average slope within the sub-region, expressed in degrees, calculated using a digital elevation model. Soil organic matter content is obtained through analysis of soil samples. Water source conditions include groundwater depth, surface water distribution, and irrigation convenience, which can be determined through measurement, remote sensing imagery, or existing databases. Ease of cultivation comprehensively considers slope, soil texture, and cultivation operability, and is scored to form a numerical value. All feature information of each sub-region is formed into a feature vector and recorded in the management system.

[0034] In some embodiments, after feature extraction, similarity calculations are performed on the feature vectors of all sub-regions to determine the degree of similarity between them. Similarity can be calculated using Euclidean distance, cosine similarity, or weighted distance methods, based on the differences in each feature value and preset weights. Sub-regions with high similarity are grouped into the same sub-region group, ensuring consistency in land pollution levels, soil properties, topography, and water conditions within the group. A sub-region group is a management unit formed by grouping multiple sub-regions with similar features together. All sub-regions within each group exhibit high consistency in land pollution levels, soil properties, topographic features, and water conditions. Grouping can be achieved using clustering analysis methods, such as K-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, or the DBSCAN clustering algorithm, to achieve systematic grouping. Each sub-region group is labeled with a number in the system, and the numbers and average feature values ​​of all sub-regions within the group are recorded, providing a basis for subsequently developing different governance methods. For example, if the overall characteristics of the four sub-regions are similar in terms of pollution level, slope, and soil thickness, they are grouped into the same sub-region group; other sub-regions with high pollution levels, steep slopes, and shallow soil thickness are assigned to another group for developing different remediation plans. Through the above operations, the abandoned waste-covered areas are systematically transformed into sub-region groups with clear characteristics and management units, providing a scientific basis for comprehensive remediation.

[0035] Step 105: For each sub-region group, generate corresponding remediation methods based on soil pollution level, soil characteristics, and topographic information; In some embodiments, for pre-defined sub-regional groups, corresponding remediation methods can be generated based on the characteristic information of each sub-regional group. The characteristic information includes indicators such as the degree of land pollution, effective soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter content, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation. The process of generating remediation methods involves combining the characteristic information of each sub-regional group with land environmental conditions and remediation objectives to formulate a scientific and feasible comprehensive remediation plan. Specific implementation methods include: First, determining the pollution treatment strategy based on the land pollution level by consulting a pre-established pollution treatment strategy table. For Level 1 and Level 2 risk areas, mild remediation measures such as topsoil covering, localized tillage adjustments, or phytoremediation can be adopted to restore soil health and ecological functions; for Level 3 risk areas, stronger pollution control measures should be adopted, such as excavation of contaminated soil, deep tillage, pollutant stabilization treatment, or waste removal; for Level 4 high-risk areas, strict remediation measures are required, such as soil replacement, safe landfill treatment, closed covering, and strict elimination of pollution sources to ensure soil and environmental safety. The pre-established pollution treatment strategy table includes the land pollution level and the corresponding pollution treatment strategy. Secondly, based on soil characteristics, consult the soil improvement scheme database and formulate a soil improvement plan. If the soil texture in a sub-region is heavy, compacted, or has poor permeability, methods such as applying organic fertilizer, improving soil structure, or adding sandy soil can be used to improve soil permeability and fertility. For areas with low organic matter content, compost or plant residues can be applied to increase soil organic matter; for areas with a thin effective soil layer, the thickness of the topsoil layer can be increased by covering with soil or leveling the soil. Thirdly, based on topographic information, consult the soil and water conservation measures table and formulate soil and water conservation measures. For areas with steep slopes or those easily affected by erosion, terracing, retaining structures, vegetation slope protection, or drainage ditches can be adopted to prevent soil loss and water erosion. For low-lying or waterlogged areas, drainage facilities can be installed or the shape of the plots can be adjusted to improve drainage conditions.

[0036] In some embodiments, before generating specific remediation measures, the remediation direction of each sub-region group can be referenced to formulate more suitable remediation methods for different uses. The determination of the remediation direction is based on the characteristic information and comprehensive suitability index of the sub-region group, and can be used to guide the overall layout of the remediation plan and the selection of specific measures. For example, for a sub-region group designated for cultivated land, the focus can be on ensuring soil tillage conditions on the basis of pollution control and soil improvement. For a sub-region group of forest land or orchard land, the focus can be on measures such as vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation, and ecological restoration. During implementation, the above-mentioned remediation measures can be systematically selected and combined according to the specific characteristic information and land conditions of the sub-region group to form a personalized remediation plan for each sub-region group. For example, for a sub-region group with high pollution, steep slopes, and shallow soil thickness, a plan can be formulated that includes coordinated measures such as excavation of polluted soil, increase of cover soil, application of organic fertilizer, vegetation slope protection, and construction of drainage facilities, thereby ensuring that the remediation effect matches the soil, topography, and remediation direction. Through this method, the generated remediation methods are both scientific and reasonable, and can be specifically implemented in practice, providing a reliable basis for the comprehensive remediation of areas covered by residual waste.

[0037] Step 106: Conduct comprehensive treatment of the remaining waste according to the corresponding treatment methods; In some embodiments, firstly, according to the pollution control measures in the remediation approach, waste is excavated, transported, and safely disposed of in severely polluted or high-risk waste-covered areas. If necessary, contaminated soil is deeply tilled, excavated, or replaced to ensure effective isolation or removal of pollutants. For areas with less pollution or low to medium risk, topsoil covering, partial tillage, or phytoremediation can be used to reduce risk. Secondly, according to the soil improvement measures in the remediation approach, organic fertilizers, improved soil, or sandy soil are applied to areas with heavy, compacted, or low-organic-matter soil to improve soil structure and permeability, while increasing soil fertility and effective topsoil thickness. For areas with insufficient soil thickness, the soil layer can be supplemented by covering or leveling. Thirdly, according to the soil and water conservation measures in the remediation approach, terraces, retaining structures, vegetated slopes, or drainage ditches are constructed in areas with steep slopes or prone to erosion to prevent soil erosion. Drainage systems are constructed or the terrain is adjusted in low-lying, waterlogged areas to ensure smooth drainage after remediation. Furthermore, based on the remediation direction referenced by the remediation method, different follow-up treatment measures can be adopted for cultivated land, forest land, orchard land, or grassland. For example, for the cultivated land sub-region, after garbage cleanup and soil improvement, tillage preparation and topsoil management can be carried out; for the forest land or orchard sub-region, vegetation restoration, planting of trees or fruit trees, and ecological restoration measures can be implemented after remediation. In practice, multiple measures such as garbage removal, soil improvement, and soil and water conservation can be coordinated according to the remediation method of each sub-region, while simultaneously arranging the sequence and controlling construction. For example, high-risk garbage removal and contaminated soil treatment can be completed first, followed by soil improvement and topsoil covering, and finally, drainage and vegetation restoration measures can be implemented. Through this systematic and multi-step implementation method, it can be ensured that the areas covered by residual garbage are comprehensively remediated, enabling the land to meet safe use standards or ecological restoration goals, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent land use.

[0038] These embodiments achieve systematic, hierarchical, and refined waste management. Through risk assessment of each landfill and its sub-areas, multi-level collection and precise testing of soil and waste samples, soil pollution levels are established, providing a scientific basis for remediation plans. Utilizing the characteristic information of sub-area groups, including soil pollution level, effective soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation, a comprehensive suitability index is calculated to determine the direction of land remediation, enabling personalized design of remediation measures based on the actual soil, topography, and environmental conditions of different sub-areas. Based on pollution levels, soil characteristics, and topographic conditions, the developed comprehensive remediation plan includes multiple coordinated operations such as pollution control, soil improvement, soil and water conservation, and soil covering measures. This achieves effective isolation or removal of contaminated soil in high-risk areas, reasonable remediation of low-risk areas, and optimization of soil structure. This significantly improves soil quality, enhances topographic and hydrological conditions, reduces pollution risk, and ensures that the land meets safe use or ecological restoration standards after remediation, providing a precise and feasible remediation approach.

[0039] The characteristic information includes the degree of land pollution, effective soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation; and Before generating the corresponding governance method, it also includes: For each subregion in multiple subregion groups, evaluation factor scores are calculated based on feature information, resulting in multiple evaluation factor scores, including scores for land pollution level, effective soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation. Based on the scores of multiple evaluation factors and their corresponding preset weights, calculate the comprehensive suitability index of each sub-region in multiple sub-region groups; The comprehensive suitability index is compared with the preset land type improvement standard score to determine the corresponding land improvement direction and record the corresponding restrictive factor type. The land improvement direction includes cultivated land, forest land, orchard land, grassland and non-agricultural land.

[0040] In some embodiments, for each pre-defined sub-region group, further refined analysis can be performed based on the characteristic information of each sub-region to assist in generating more precise governance methods. Characteristic information includes land pollution level, effective soil layer thickness, topographic slope, soil organic matter content, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation. Based on this, for each sub-region within each sub-region group, multiple evaluation factor scores are first calculated. Evaluation factor scores quantify the characteristic information of the sub-region into numerical scores for comprehensive evaluation. For example, the land pollution level score can be assigned according to the corresponding numerical values ​​of soil pollution level (Level 1 to Level 4), with Level 1 (low risk) assigned 1 point, Level 2 (low to medium risk) assigned 2 points, Level 3 (medium to high risk) assigned 3 points, and Level 4 (high risk) assigned 4 points. The effective soil layer thickness score can be assigned according to soil layer thickness grading, such as >50cm assigned 5 points, 30–50cm assigned 3 points, and <30cm assigned 1 point. The topographic slope score can be assigned according to the slope range, with slopes from 0 to 5... 。 Set at 5 points, 5-15 。 Set at 3 points, >15 。The score is set at 1 point to reflect the ease of cultivation and the difficulty of soil and water conservation. Soil organic matter score is obtained by analyzing soil samples to determine organic matter content and assigning a score according to a preset classification. Water source condition score is based on groundwater level, surface water distribution, and irrigation convenience; for example, abundant water and convenient irrigation are scored at 5 points, average water sources at 3 points, and insufficient water sources at 1 point. Cultivation convenience score is calculated by comprehensively considering slope, soil texture, and operability. After calculating the scores for each evaluation factor, the comprehensive suitability index for each sub-region is calculated based on the preset weights of each factor. The preset weights refer to the proportion of importance of different factors in the remediation decision-making process; for example, the weight for land pollution level can be set at 0.4, effective soil layer thickness at 0.2, topographic slope at 0.15, soil organic matter at 0.1, water source condition at 0.1, and cultivation convenience at 0.05. The comprehensive suitability index can be calculated using a weighted summation formula. First, different weights (pi) are assigned to the determined evaluation factors based on their varying degrees of restriction on agriculture, forestry, and other industries. Second, each evaluation factor is categorized according to its index and assigned an index (ai). Next, the weight of a factor in each evaluation unit is multiplied by its corresponding factor level to calculate the index (ai*pi). Finally, the comprehensive indices of all evaluation units are summed (∑). The calculated comprehensive suitability index can be used to quantify the suitability of a sub-region in terms of land use or management. Subsequently, the comprehensive suitability index is compared with the preset land use improvement standard scores. The preset land use improvement standard scores are reference thresholds established based on land use objectives, such as a comprehensive index ≥4 for cultivated land, ≥3.5 for forest land, ≥3 for orchards, ≥2.5 for grassland, and <2.5 for non-agricultural land. Based on the comparison results, the land improvement direction for each sub-region can be determined, including cultivated land, forest land, orchards, grassland, and non-agricultural land. For areas that do not meet the remediation standards, restrictive factor types can be identified to guide the selection of subsequent remediation measures. Restrictive factor types refer to the main factors leading to a low comprehensive suitability index for that sub-region, such as excessive pollution, insufficient soil thickness, excessively steep slopes, or inadequate water resources. In practice, this process can be implemented through a GIS platform or dedicated land management software: the characteristic information of each sub-region is input into the system, which automatically calculates the scores of each evaluation factor, combines the weights to calculate the comprehensive suitability index, and generates land remediation directions and corresponding restrictive factor types based on preset standards. In this way, the remediation plan for each sub-region group can be finely adjusted according to specific plot conditions and constraints, achieving a scientific and executable comprehensive remediation plan.

[0041] The present invention provides a comprehensive treatment method for rural waste, which further includes: Based on the corresponding remediation methods and land images within the pre-defined area covered by residual waste, a soil requirement analysis was conducted, and multiple borrow pits were identified, including: Collect high-resolution satellite images and drone oblique photography images of the area covered by residual garbage and the surrounding pre-defined range; Extract soil type, surface slope, vegetation cover, and current land use to generate a digital land image at a preset scale; The required soil type and cover thickness are determined based on the treatment method of the corresponding sub-region group, and the total soil required for a single sub-region and the overall treatment area is calculated by combining the sub-region area and soil compaction coefficient.

[0042] In some embodiments, firstly, high-resolution satellite imagery and UAV oblique photography images are acquired over the area covered by residual waste and its surrounding predetermined range. High-resolution satellite imagery is used to acquire wide-area land use, surface morphology, and soil exposure information, while UAV oblique photography images provide detailed three-dimensional terrain and feature structure information for generating digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophoto maps. Image acquisition can be based on government remote sensing databases, commercial remote sensing image services, or on-site UAV aerial surveys, ensuring spatial resolution sufficient to identify features smaller than 50 cm. Secondly, the acquired image data is processed and features are extracted to generate digital land images at a predetermined scale. The processing steps include: identifying different soil types, surface slopes, vegetation cover, and current land use information using image classification algorithms (such as supervised classification, object-oriented classification, or deep learning semantic segmentation models), and converting this information into vector or raster formats to form land images. These land images reflect the spatial distribution and quality characteristics of the soil in the remediation area and its surroundings, providing basic data for soil sampling plans. Subsequently, the required soil type and cover thickness are determined according to the remediation method for each sub-region group. Soil type refers to the soil properties required for restoration or improvement, such as particle size distribution, soil pH, organic matter content, permeability, and arability. Topsoil thickness refers to the thickness of the soil layer required to cover each sub-area within the remediation area, measured in centimeters. This thickness is determined based on the remediation method, whether it involves pollution treatment, soil improvement, or topsoil covering. For example, the thickness of the fill layer after excavation of contaminated soil might be set at 20–40 cm, while the topsoil thickness required for pollution control and soil improvement might be 10–30 cm. By combining the area of ​​each sub-area with the soil compaction coefficient (used to correct for density changes during transportation and filling), the required soil volume for each sub-area can be calculated, and the total required soil volume for the entire remediation area can be obtained. After determining the total amount of soil required, multiple soil borrowing sites are identified, including: screening the topsoil stripped from farmland occupied by the construction project within the area covered by residual waste and a pre-defined surrounding area; selecting topsoil from the topsoil stripped from the project that meets the soil type and quality requirements of the remediation method and marking it as target topsoil; using the target topsoil as the primary soil source; and designating the area corresponding to the primary soil source as the first type of soil borrowing site; when the first type of soil borrowing site cannot meet the soil quantity or soil quality requirements of the remediation method, selecting an area that meets the soil borrowing conditions from the pre-defined soil borrowing sites and designating it as the second type of soil borrowing site; and determining multiple soil borrowing sites based on the first or second type of soil borrowing site.

[0043] In some embodiments, firstly, within the area covered by residual waste and a pre-defined surrounding area, topsoil stripped from farmland occupied by the construction project is screened. Topsoil stripped from farmland refers to soil stripped from the top layer (generally 0–20 cm) during construction; it typically retains soil structure and nutrients, making it suitable as cover material. Through land imagery and on-site surveys, soil areas within the topsoil stripping that meet the soil type and quality requirements of the remediation method are selected and marked as target topsoil. This target topsoil serves as the primary soil source, and its location is designated as the first-class borrow pit. First-class borrow pits are prioritized for providing soil because of their high quality and reliable source, making them suitable for direct use in cover and soil improvement. When the first-class borrow pits cannot meet the total soil requirement or required soil quality for the remediation area, other areas meeting the borrowing conditions need to be selected from pre-defined borrow pits. Pre-defined borrow pits can be obtained through land image analysis, soil testing, and on-site reconnaissance to ensure that soil particle composition, pH, organic matter content, and permeability meet the requirements of the remediation method. After selecting these areas, they are designated as second-class borrow pits. The second type of borrow pit is used to supplement the insufficient soil source of the first type of borrow pit, ensuring that the remediation area can obtain enough soil. Ultimately, based on the available soil quantity and quality of the first and second type borrow pits, the location, area, and extractable soil volume of multiple borrow pits are determined. In actual implementation, the boundaries, soil type, extractable thickness, and corresponding soil volume of each borrow pit can be marked on a GIS platform, allowing the construction team to carry out soil collection, transportation, and backfilling operations. Through this systematic analysis and soil extraction planning, it can be ensured that the soil source required for the comprehensive remediation of the residual waste-covered area is sufficient, the quality meets the requirements, and the soil collection process is traceable and manageable, ensuring the effective implementation of remediation measures.

[0044] The present invention provides a comprehensive treatment method for rural waste, which further includes: After treatment, the treated area will be continuously monitored, and vegetation growth data will be collected regularly. By analyzing vegetation growth data, vegetation regulation schemes are obtained, which include adjusting forest belt structure, adjusting relationships between tree species, and forest pruning schemes.

[0045] In some embodiments, firstly, the scope of the monitoring plot is selected. The monitoring plot can be a group of sub-regions that have completed remediation, or multiple adjacent sub-regions can be combined into a monitoring unit. Each monitoring plot is marked with a number on a GIS platform, and its geographic coordinates, soil type, remediation method, and remediation direction are recorded for tracking, management, and data analysis. Secondly, vegetation growth data is collected periodically. Vegetation growth data includes, but is not limited to, vegetation cover, canopy density, tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf area index (LAI), growth rate, plant health status, and pest and disease occurrence. Data collection methods can include ground surveys, drone aerial photography, multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing imagery, and vegetation growth monitoring sensors (such as soil moisture sensors, chlorophyll meters, etc.). For example, drones equipped with multispectral cameras can periodically photograph the monitoring plots to obtain vegetation cover and canopy height information; ground survey personnel can measure DBH and tree height of trees or shrubs in typical sample plots and record pest and disease conditions. The sampling frequency can be seasonal (e.g., every 3 months) or adjusted according to the growth cycle to reflect vegetation growth dynamics. Subsequently, the collected vegetation growth data are analyzed to generate vegetation regulation plans. Analysis methods include statistical analysis, spatial analysis, and ecological model simulation. For example, the average vegetation cover, canopy structure uniformity, and tree species diversity indices can be calculated for each sub-region or monitoring plot to assess the gap between vegetation growth status and ecological goals. The analysis can also identify areas with unreasonable forest belt structure, unbalanced tree species configuration, uneven tree growth, or concentrated pests and diseases.

[0046] In some embodiments, vegetation regulation schemes are generated based on the analysis results. These schemes include: adjusting forest belt structure: determining whether to adjust forest belt width, arrangement, or spacing based on vegetation cover, tree density, and soil and water conservation needs. For example, in areas with steep slopes, multiple layers of forest belts can be added to enhance soil and water conservation; in areas with low cover, afforestation or replanting of shrubs can be increased. Adjusting inter-species relationships: adjusting the spatial distribution and planting ratio of different tree species based on their growth and ecological compatibility. For example, for tree species with strong growth and excessive density, appropriate thinning can be performed; for tree species with slow growth or insufficient ecological function, replanting or replacement can be carried out to optimize population structure and ecological function. Tree pruning schemes: developing scientific pruning schemes based on canopy growth, light distribution, and ventilation, including pruning time, pruning location, and pruning intensity. Pruning can improve light conditions, promote growth, reduce the risk of pests and diseases, and optimize the canopy structure, making the vegetation community healthier and more balanced. During implementation, GIS and remote sensing analysis results can be used to combine monitoring data with sub-regional information, soil improvement measures, soil cover thickness, and remediation direction to formulate personalized vegetation control plans for each sub-regional group. After implementation, vegetation growth is monitored again, and the control plan is dynamically adjusted based on the results to achieve closed-loop management and continuous optimization. Through the above operations, this invention can achieve scientific regulation of vegetation growth in remediated plots, ensuring that remediation measures match ecological restoration goals, while providing operable and quantifiable technical guidance for soil and water conservation, land use, and ecological restoration.

[0047] In these embodiments, by quantifying characteristic information such as land pollution level, soil layer thickness, terrain slope, soil organic matter, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation, and calculating evaluation factor scores, this invention can generate a comprehensive suitability index for each sub-region group, accurately determine the direction of land remediation, and mark limiting factors. In soil requirement analysis, digital land images are generated through high-resolution satellite imagery and UAV oblique photography, combined with remediation methods to determine soil type and topsoil thickness, and calculate the total soil requirement for each sub-region and the whole, ensuring the scientific feasibility of soil source planning. The classification of borrow pits (Class I high-quality soil source, Class II supplementary soil source) ensures traceable management of soil quality and supply. After remediation, by regularly collecting and analyzing vegetation growth data, this invention can formulate personalized vegetation control plans, including adjustments to forest belt structure, optimization of tree species configuration, and pruning schemes, to achieve healthy tree growth and optimized ecological functions. Overall, this invention constructs a closed-loop management system covering pre-remediation assessment, remediation implementation, and post-remediation monitoring, achieving scientific, efficient, and executable comprehensive management and ecological restoration of rural waste.

[0048] The above description is merely a selection of preferred embodiments of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention is not limited to specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but also includes other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive management method for rural waste, characterized in that, include: Sampling points were set up in the area covered by residual waste to obtain soil samples at different depths. Waste samples were also collected in the area covered by residual waste to obtain waste samples. The soil and waste samples were analyzed to determine the level of soil pollution. The utilization status map, topographic map and soil map of the area covered by the remaining garbage were collected and overlaid, and the overlaid area was divided into multiple sub-areas; Extract the feature information of each sub-region, and divide the multiple sub-regions into multiple sub-regions based on the feature information to obtain multiple sub-region groups; For each sub-region group, corresponding remediation methods are generated based on the level of soil pollution, soil characteristics, and topographic information; Based on the corresponding treatment methods, comprehensive treatment should be carried out on the remaining waste.

2. The comprehensive management method for rural waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The characteristic information includes the degree of land pollution, effective soil layer thickness, terrain slope, soil organic matter, water source conditions, and ease of cultivation; as well as Before generating the corresponding governance method, it also includes: For each subregion in the multiple subregion groups, based on the feature information, the evaluation factor score is calculated to obtain multiple evaluation factor scores, including land pollution degree score, effective soil layer thickness score, terrain slope score, soil organic matter score, water source condition score, and cultivation convenience score. Based on the scores of multiple evaluation factors and their corresponding preset weights, calculate the comprehensive suitability index of each sub-region in multiple sub-region groups; The comprehensive suitability index is compared with the preset land type improvement standard score to determine the corresponding land improvement direction and record the corresponding restrictive factor type. The land improvement direction includes cultivated land, forest land, orchard land, grassland and non-agricultural land.

3. The comprehensive management method for rural waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling points include soil sample sampling points and surface water sample sampling points; And the deployment of sampling points in areas covered by residual waste includes: Based on a pre-built landfill risk assessment table, a risk assessment is conducted on the area covered by the remaining waste to obtain the landfill risk assessment level. Based on the risk assessment level of the landfill, determine the number and depth of soil sampling points, and then set up soil sampling points. The process involves collecting waste samples from the area covered by the remaining waste, resulting in waste samples including: From the area covered by the remaining garbage, determine a first number of garbage-covered sub-regions; for each garbage-covered sub-region, collect a preset weight of garbage from different locations to obtain coarse sample garbage; For the coarsely sampled waste, it is classified according to the constructed waste classification method, and a preset number of waste items are collected from each category to form a waste sample.

4. The comprehensive management method for rural waste as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the corresponding remediation method and the land image within the preset range of the area covered by the residual waste, a soil requirement analysis is performed, and multiple borrow pits are identified, including: Collect high-resolution satellite images and drone oblique photography images of the area covered by residual garbage and the surrounding pre-defined range; Extract soil type, surface slope, vegetation cover, and current land use to generate a digital land image at a preset scale; The required soil type and cover thickness are determined based on the treatment method of the corresponding sub-region group, and the total soil required for a single sub-region and the overall treatment area is calculated by combining the sub-region area and soil compaction coefficient.

5. The comprehensive management method for rural waste as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: After treatment, the treated plots are continuously monitored, and vegetation growth data are collected regularly. The vegetation growth data is analyzed to obtain a vegetation regulation scheme, which includes adjusting the forest belt structure, adjusting the relationship between tree species, and forest pruning scheme.

6. The comprehensive management method for rural waste as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The determination of multiple borrow pits includes: Within the area covered by residual waste and the surrounding pre-defined range, the topsoil stripped from farmland occupied by the construction project is screened; from the topsoil stripped from the project, topsoil that meets the soil type and quality requirements of the remediation method is selected and marked as target topsoil; the target topsoil is used as the first soil source; and the area corresponding to the first soil source is determined as the first type of borrow pit. When the first type of borrow pit cannot meet the soil quantity or soil quality requirements of the treatment method, an area that meets the soil borrowing conditions is selected from the pre-set borrow pits and designated as the second type of borrow pit. Multiple borrow pits are identified based on the first type or the second type of borrow pit.

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