A coulter and a seed drill comprising the same

Abstract

The application discloses a cutter head, a furrow opener and a seeding machine, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and comprises a cutter head body, at least two blades arranged on the circumference of the cutter head body through a hinge part, and a buffer mechanism arranged between each cutter head body and the blade, wherein the buffer mechanism comprises at least two groups of elastic deformation members, at least one group of elastic deformation members is arranged on each side of the hinge part, and the two ends of the elastic deformation members are connected with the cutter head body and the blade respectively; the buffer mechanism formed by the hinge part and the elastic deformation members on both sides of the hinge part enables the blade to elastically and self-adaptively deflect and buffer and reset relative to the cutter head body when the soil cutting resistance changes, so that the furrow opener formed by the blade can automatically adjust the soil cutting angle with the change of the furrow depth, the soil disturbance is reduced, the consistency of the furrow depth is improved, and the resistance and consumption are reduced; meanwhile, the soil compactness can be increased by arranging a roller after furrowing, and the roller is designed according to the transverse disturbance track of the furrowed soil, and is helpful to forming a stable ridge shape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, specifically to a cutter head, its furrow opener, and its seeder. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural operations such as sowing and mulching, furrow openers are crucial components affecting the quality and efficiency of the work. The cutter head, a key part of the furrow opener, typically cuts into the soil and forms furrows through its circumferentially arranged blades. Existing furrow opener cutter heads mostly employ a structure where the blades are fixedly connected to the cutter head body or simply hinged. The cutting angle of the blades remains essentially constant during operation, making it difficult to adaptively adjust to changes in furrow depth, soil resistance, and surface conditions. When soil conditions are complex or furrow depth varies, the blades are susceptible to significant impact loads, leading to increased cutting resistance, higher energy consumption, and intensified soil disturbance. This makes it difficult to ensure consistent furrow depth, and the blades are also prone to wear or damage.

[0003] To mitigate impact and vibration, existing technologies have attempted to incorporate elastic elements between the blade and the cutter head body. However, the arrangement of these elastic elements is typically limited, often only on one side of the blade, or with limited elastic support directions. This makes it difficult to achieve stable bidirectional buffering and posture recovery when the blade experiences changes in force. Consequently, existing cutter heads still lack sufficient adaptive adjustment capabilities for the cutting angle, resulting in problems such as high resistance, high power consumption, significant soil disturbance, and noticeable trench depth fluctuations during trenching. These issues fail to meet the requirements for refined, low-disturbance, and energy-efficient trenching operations.

[0004] Furthermore, after ditching, compaction rollers are typically used to compact the ditch walls or ridges to improve soil compaction and stabilize the ridge shape. However, existing compaction rollers mostly adopt regular cylindrical or simple contoured structures, and their outlines often do not match the lateral soil disturbance trajectory during ditching. This results in uneven soil compaction after compaction, poor ridge stability, and problems such as ditch collapse, ridge deformation, or poor ditch shape retention. At the same time, existing ditching cutters and subsequent compaction components lack a coordinated design based on soil disturbance characteristics, and the overall quality of ditching and ridge formation still needs improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a cutter disc, its furrow opener, and its seeder, which achieve the goals of reducing soil disturbance, improving the consistency of furrow opening depth, and reducing drag and energy consumption.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A cutter head includes a cutter head body, at least two blades disposed in the circumferential direction of the cutter head body via a hinge portion, and a buffer mechanism disposed between each cutter head body and the blades. The buffer mechanism includes at least two sets of elastic deformation members, and at least one set of elastic deformation members is disposed on each side of the hinge portion. The two ends of the elastic deformation members are respectively connected to the cutter head body and the blades.

[0007] Preferably, the cutter head body is circular, the blade is fan-shaped, the center of the fan-shaped blade coincides with the center of the cutter head body, and the extension line of the elastic deformation member passes through the center of the cutter head body.

[0008] Preferably, the elastic deformation member includes a first connecting block disposed on the cutter head body, a second connecting block disposed on the blade, and a spring connected at both ends to the first connecting block and the second connecting block respectively, wherein the first connecting block and the second connecting block are both located inside the spring.

[0009] Preferably, the hinge portion includes a first connecting plate disposed on the cutter head body, a second connecting plate disposed on the blade body, and a pin. Both the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are provided with pin holes, and the pin holes achieve the hinge connection between the cutter head body and the blade by passing through the pin holes.

[0010] Preferably, a set of springs is provided on both sides of the first connecting plate or the second connecting plate, and the springs on both sides are equidistant from the axis of the first connecting plate or the second connecting plate.

[0011] A furrow opener includes a support and a seed guide tube, wherein two cutter discs are rotatably disposed on both sides of the support, and at least one of the cutter discs is a cutter disc as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

[0012] Preferably, bearing seats are provided on both sides of the bracket, and bearings are provided on the bearing seats. The cutter head is connected to the bearings through a rotating shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the two cutter discs are arranged at an angle of 10° to 15°, and the seed guide tube is disposed between the two cutter discs.

[0014] Preferably, a pressing roller is provided behind the trencher, and the angles of the two sides of the pressing roller are designed according to the lateral disturbance accumulation angle of the soil after trenching.

[0015] A seeder includes a seeder body, wherein the furrow opener is disposed on the seeder body.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This invention utilizes a buffer mechanism comprised of a hinge and elastic deformable parts on both sides of the hinge. This mechanism allows the blade to elastically and adaptively deflect relative to the cutter head body and buffer and reset when the cutting resistance changes. As a result, the resulting furrow opener can automatically adjust the cutting angle according to the furrowing depth, reducing soil disturbance, improving the consistency of furrowing depth, and achieving drag reduction and energy saving. At the same time, the addition of a pressing roller after furrowing can increase soil compaction. Furthermore, the pressing roller is designed based on the lateral disturbance trajectory of the furrowed soil, which helps to form a stable ridge shape. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter head of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the trencher of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the furrow opener for the soil covering and compaction ridging device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering and compaction ridging device of the present invention; The components include: 1. cutter head body; 2. first connecting plate; 3. second connecting block; 4. second connecting plate; 5. pin hole; 6. spring; 7. blade; 8. first connecting block; 9. bracket; 10. seed guide tube; 11. soil covering and compaction ridge forming device; 11a. soil guiding part; 11b. compaction roller body; 11c. shaping part. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] This invention provides a cutter head, a furrow opener, and a seeder, which achieve the goals of reducing soil disturbance, improving the consistency of furrow opening depth, and reducing drag and energy consumption.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] refer to Figure 1A cutter head includes a cutter head body 1, at least two blades 7 mounted circumferentially on the cutter head body 1 via a hinge, and a buffer mechanism disposed between each cutter head body 1 and the blade 7. The buffer mechanism includes at least two sets of elastic deformation members, with at least one set of elastic deformation members on each side of the hinge. The two ends of the elastic deformation members are respectively connected to the cutter head body 1 and the blades 7. Specifically, the blades 7 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the cutter head body 1 and can be detachably installed for individual replacement after wear. The blades 7 can be straight blades, curved blades, arc blades, serrated blades, notched blades, or combined cutting edge structures. Their front angle, back angle, and cutting edge shape can be selected according to the soil type and trenching requirements. The hinge axis of the hinge is parallel to or at an angle to the rotation axis of the cutter head body 1. When the hinge axis of the hinge is at an angle to the rotation axis of the cutter head, the blades are positioned so that the blades are aligned with the rotation axis of the cutter head body 1. 7. Under stress, the blade 7 can adaptively deflect around the hinge. The elastic deformation elements on both sides of the hinge can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically, so that the blade 7 can be elastically buffered and reset when deflecting in both directions. The preload of the elastic deformation elements is adjustable and can be adjusted according to different soil conditions and working depths. The elastic deformation elements on the same side can be arranged in parallel, series, or mixed. Thus, the cutter head, through the buffer mechanism formed by the hinge and the elastic deformation elements on both sides, enables the blade 7 to deflect elastically in both directions and automatically reset when the cutting resistance changes. This allows the cutting angle to be automatically adjusted according to the trenching depth and soil conditions, reducing soil disturbance, improving the consistency of trenching depth, and achieving drag reduction, energy saving, protection of the blade 7, and extension of service life. After trenching, the installation of a pressing roller can increase soil compaction, and the pressing roller is designed according to the lateral disturbance trajectory of the trenched soil, which helps to form a stable ridge.

[0023] refer to Figure 1The cutter head body 1 is circular, and the blade 7 is fan-shaped. The center of the fan-shaped ring coincides with the center of the cutter head body 1, and the extension line of the elastic deformation element passes through the center of the cutter head body 1. Specifically, the inner and outer arcs of the fan-shaped ring are both centered on the center of the cutter head body 1, meaning the center of the fan-shaped ring coincides with the center of the cutter head body 1. This allows multiple blades 7 to be distributed along the same circumference, forming a continuous, concentric cutting trajectory. The central angle of the blade 7 can be set according to the operational requirements, preferably 30° to 60°. Multiple fan-shaped ring blades 7 can be arranged at equal or unequal intervals along the circumference. The outer arc can be provided with a cutting edge. The blades 7 can be made of wear-resistant steel, alloy steel, or surface-strengthened steel, and can be designed as a detachable and replaceable structure. In summary, by designing the cutter head body 1 as a circle and the blade 7 as a fan ring concentric with the cutter head body 1, and arranging the elastic deformation members along the radial line passing through the center of the cutter head on both sides of the hinge, the blade 7 maintains concentric continuous cutting and good dynamic balance in the circumferential direction. In the radial direction, the elastic deformation members on both sides form a bidirectional differential buffer and automatic reset. The blade 7 can adaptively deflect and adjust the cutting angle according to the change of soil cutting resistance, thereby reducing soil disturbance, improving the consistency of trenching depth, reducing drag and energy consumption, and extending the life of the blade 7. At the same time, with the compaction roller designed according to the lateral soil disturbance trajectory, the soil compaction can be increased and a stable ridge shape can be formed.

[0024] refer to Figure 1The elastic deformation component includes a first connecting block 8 disposed on the cutter head body 1, a second connecting block 3 disposed on the blade 7, and a spring 6 connected to the first connecting block 8 and the second connecting block 3 at both ends respectively. The first connecting block 8 and the second connecting block 3 are both located inside the spring 6. Specifically, the first connecting block 8 is disposed on the cutter head body 1 and can be fixed in the radial direction of the cutter head body 1. Its structure can be a cylindrical block, a stepped shaft, a T-shaped block, a sleeve, a flange block, or a combined connection structure. The second connecting block 3 is disposed on the blade 7 and can be fixed on the inner arc side of the blade 7. It is coaxial or substantially coaxial with the first connecting block 8 and arranged opposite to it. Both the first connecting block 8 and the second connecting block 3 are located inside the spring 6, meaning the spring 6 is sleeved on the outside of the first connecting block 8 and the second connecting block 3. The inner cavity of the spring 6 accommodates the two connecting blocks. The two ends of the spring 6 are connected to the first connecting block 8 and the second connecting block 3 by means of retaining rings, nuts, pins, hooks, threaded sleeves, welding, or integral molding, respectively. The spring 6 can be a cylindrical helical tension spring, compression spring, tension-compression spring, conical spring, disc spring assembly, wave spring, or rubber composite spring, and can be pre-tightened. When the blade 7 is subjected to changing soil resistance and deflects around the hinge, the distance between the first connecting block 8 and the second connecting block 3 on one side increases or decreases, and the spring 6 extends and retracts accordingly to absorb the impact energy. The elastic deformation element on the other side works in concert. After the resistance decreases or disappears, the spring 6 drives the blade 7 to automatically reset, thus adjusting according to the trenching depth and soil conditions. The cutting angle is adaptively adjusted according to changes in soil conditions. By placing the first connecting block 8 and the second connecting block 3 inside the spring 6 and connecting them to the cutter head body 1 and the blade 7 respectively, the spring 6 and the two connecting blocks form a compact and integrated elastic buffer unit. The connecting blocks inside the spring 6 also function as connecting seats, guide spindles and limiting supports, effectively preventing the spring 6 from lateral bending, instability and uneven load during repeated extension and contraction. This improves the guiding accuracy, load-bearing capacity, fatigue life and reset reliability of the buffer mechanism, thereby enabling the blade 7 to smoothly and automatically reset in both directions when the cutting resistance changes. The cutting angle is adaptively adjusted according to the trenching depth, reducing soil disturbance, improving the consistency of trenching depth and achieving drag reduction and energy saving. At the same time, the pressing roller designed according to the lateral disturbance trajectory of the trenching soil increases soil compaction and forms a stable ridge shape.

[0025] refer to Figure 1The hinge section includes a first connecting plate 2 mounted on the cutter head body 1, a second connecting plate 4 mounted on the blade 7, and a pin. Both the first connecting plate 2 and the second connecting plate 4 have pin holes 5, which allow the cutter head body 1 and the upper blade 7 to be hinged. Specifically, the first connecting plate 2 can be integrally formed, welded, bolted, riveted, or snap-fitted to the cutter head body 1, and can be located on the circumferential edge of the cutter head body 1. The second connecting plate 4 can be integrally formed, welded, bolted, riveted, or snap-fitted to the blade 7, and can be located on the inner arc side, the circumferential center, or near the hinge deflection center of the blade 7. The first connecting plate 2 and the second connecting plate 4 can be stacked to form a single-scissor hinge structure. Alternatively, the first connecting plate 2 can be configured as two lugs, and the second connecting plate 4 as one lug, or the second connecting plate 4 can be... Plate 4 is configured with two ear plates and the first connecting plate 2 is configured with one ear plate, so that the pin shaft passes through multiple pin shaft holes 5 in sequence to form a double shear or fork ear type hinge structure to improve the hinge stiffness and load-bearing capacity. Through the pin hole through-type hinge part composed of the first connecting plate 2, the second connecting plate 4 and the pin shaft, a simple, reliable load-bearing, high rotational accuracy and easy assembly and maintenance hinge connection is formed between the cutter head body 1 and the blade 7. The blade 7 can stably deflect around the pin shaft and work together with the elastic deformation parts on both sides of the hinge part to achieve bidirectional buffering and automatic reset. Thus, the cutting angle is adaptively adjusted according to the trenching depth and soil resistance changes, reducing soil disturbance, improving trenching depth consistency, achieving drag reduction and consumption reduction and extending the service life of the blade 7. At the same time, in conjunction with the press roller designed according to the lateral disturbance trajectory of the trenching soil, the soil compaction is increased and a stable ridge shape is formed.

[0026] refer to Figure 1 A set of springs 6 is provided on both sides of the first connecting plate 2 or the second connecting plate 4, and the distance of the springs 6 on both sides from the axis of the first connecting plate 2 or the second connecting plate 4 is equal. The purpose is to make the springs 6 on both sides form a symmetrical, equal-arm bidirectional elastic support with respect to the hinge axis or the central axis of the connecting plate. Since the distance of the springs 6 on both sides from the axis of the first connecting plate 2 or the second connecting plate 4 is equal, when the blade 7 deflects around the hinge in the forward and reverse directions, the elastic restoring torque generated by the springs 6 on both sides is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. This ensures that the blade 7 can automatically return to the same center position after the absence of external force or the disappearance of cutting resistance, avoiding blade 7 offset, initial cutting angle drift, inconsistent reset or unilateral wear caused by unequal arm on both sides. At the same time, the equidistant symmetrical arrangement can also make the pin, connecting plate and blade 7 bear forces evenly, reduce additional torque, lateral component force and alternating load, prevent jamming, improve the stability, sensitivity and fatigue life of the buffer mechanism, and facilitate the consistency of cutting angle adjustment of each blade 7, thereby improving the consistency of trenching depth, reducing soil disturbance and energy consumption.

[0027] refer to Figure 2A furrow opener includes a support 9 and a seed guide tube 10 for mounting on a seeder. The cutter disc body 1 is rotatably mounted on both sides of the support 9. The furrow opener integrates the rotatable cutter disc body 1 on both sides and the seed guide tube 10 into one unit through the support 9, forming a compact structure with double-disc furrowing and seed guide in the middle. The cutter disc body 1 can adaptively deflect and buffer and automatically reset when cutting the soil. The seed guide tube 10 can accurately guide the seeds to the bottom of the furrow, reduce clogging and seed deviation, improve the consistency of furrowing depth, sowing uniformity and operation stability, reduce soil disturbance and energy consumption, and can increase soil compaction and form a stable ridge shape by cooperating with a soil covering plate and a pressing roller designed according to the lateral soil disturbance trajectory.

[0028] refer to Figures 2 to 4 The soil covering and compaction ridging device is located behind the furrow opener and includes a soil guiding section, a compaction roller, and a shaping section. The soil guiding section guides the falling soil to cover the furrow. The angles of the two sides of the lateral profile of the compaction roller match the lateral disturbance angle of the soil after furrowing. The shaping section is located on both sides of the compaction roller and is used to shape the sides of the ridging. The soil guiding section, compaction roller, and shaping section are integrated into one unit or mounted on the same device support. The soil guiding section has an arc-shaped guiding structure for guiding the falling soil into and covering the furrow; the lateral profile of the compaction roller matches the lateral disturbance angle of the soil after furrowing. The shaping section includes two shaping wings, which are respectively located on both sides of the compaction roller. The inclination angle of the shaping wings matches the lateral disturbance angle of the soil after furrowing and ridging.

[0029] Furthermore, of the two cutterhead bodies 1, at least one is the cutterhead body 1 of this application, and the other is a cutterhead body 1 in the conventional art, or it can be the cutterhead body 1 of this application. Both cutterhead bodies 1 adopt the cutterhead body 1 of this application. In this case, both cutterhead bodies 1 can independently achieve bidirectional elastic deflection, buffer energy absorption, and automatic reset. The cutting angle can adaptively adapt to changes in trench depth, soil resistance, and surface conditions. The V-shaped angle and trench shape remain stable, and the forces on both sides are balanced, significantly reducing soil disturbance, vibration impact, uneven wear, and energy consumption. This improves the consistency of trench depth, the uniformity of seeding depth, and the accuracy of seed placement through the seed guide tube, enhancing adaptability to complex soils and surface undulations, and facilitating the formation of stable ridges through subsequent soil covering and compaction. Alternatively, only one of the two cutterhead bodies 1 adopts the cutterhead body 1 of this application, while the other adopts a conventional cutterhead body in the prior art. At this point, the cutterhead body 1 of this application can achieve bidirectional elastic deflection and automatic reset by means of the elastic deformation members on both sides of the hinge when the cutting resistance changes, thereby adaptively adjusting the cutting angle, reducing soil disturbance, impact load and cutting energy consumption on that side, and providing buffer protection for the blade; the ordinary cutterhead body side has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and strong rigid support. However, the dynamic response of the two cutterhead bodies 1 is inconsistent. The ordinary cutterhead body cannot adaptively deflect with soil resistance, which may lead to differences in cutting resistance, blade wear, trench wall disturbance and soil return on both sides. The trench symmetry, trench depth consistency and seed placement stability of the seed guide tube are slightly lower than the solution of the cutterhead body 1 of this application, which is suitable for operation scenarios with relatively uniform soil conditions, cost sensitivity or small load on one side.

[0030] Furthermore, bearing seats are provided on both sides of the support 9, and bearings are installed on the bearing seats. The cutter head body 1 is connected to the bearings through a rotating shaft. The bearing seats, bearings and rotating shaft on both sides of the support 9 form a low-friction, high-rigidity rotating support pair, which enables the cutter head body 1 to rotate flexibly and smoothly around the rotating shaft under the action of soil cutting resistance. The radial force, axial force and alternating impact load are jointly borne by the bearings on both sides, which ensures that the cutter head body 1 is installed in a centered position, prevents swaying and unilateral wear, reduces rotational resistance and energy consumption, improves the consistency of trenching depth and operational stability, and facilitates assembly, lubrication, sealing and later maintenance and replacement, thereby extending the service life of the cutter head body 1 and the trencher.

[0031] Furthermore, the two cutter heads 1 are set at an angle of 10° to 15°, and their directions of intersection are inclined downwards. The purpose is to arrange the two cutter heads 1 in a small-angle V-shape, with the front end converging and the rear end gradually opening, so that they gradually cut into the soil when entering the soil, thereby reducing soil entry resistance and cutting energy consumption, reducing lateral soil disturbance, forming a narrow and deep stable trench, improving the consistency of trench depth, and facilitating the accurate placement of seeds by the seed guide tube 10 between the two cutter heads 1, reducing deviation and blockage, while creating conditions for subsequent soil covering, compaction, and stabilization of the ridge shape. This angle range can also take into account the trench width, trench wall stability, and soil discharge space, avoiding an excessively large angle that leads to increased disturbance and resistance, or an excessively small angle that leads to soil trapping, blockage, and increased wear.

[0032] refer to Figure 2 The seed guide tube 10 is set between the two cutter disc bodies 1. The confined space formed between the two cutter disc bodies 1 serves as a seed guide channel, allowing the seeds to fall directly and accurately into the bottom of the furrow while the cutter disc bodies 1 are opening the furrow. This avoids the seeds falling onto the furrow walls or the ground surface, reducing seed deviation, blockage, and uneven mixing with the soil. At the same time, the seed guide tube 10 is protected by the cutter disc bodies 1 on both sides, which can reduce lateral compression, entanglement, and collision of the soil, ensuring that the seed depth is consistent with the furrow opening depth, improving the uniformity and depth stability of sowing, and facilitating the formation of stable ridges through subsequent soil covering and compaction.

[0033] Furthermore, a seeder includes a seeder body with a furrow opener mounted on it. The furrow opener serves as an integrated working component of the seeder, simultaneously performing compound operations such as furrowing, seed guiding, and sowing while the seeder is moving through the field. This reduces the number of times the machine enters the field and the number of work steps, improving sowing efficiency and precision. Simultaneously, the seeder body provides stable installation support, a travel reference, and a control interface for the furrow opener, ensuring the stability of the position, angle, and working depth of the cutter discs 1 on both sides and the seed guide tube 10. This allows the cutter discs 1 to adaptively cut the soil and the seed guide tube 10 to accurately place the seed, reducing soil disturbance and energy consumption, and improving the consistency of furrowing depth, sowing uniformity, and ridge stability.

[0034] The specific working principle of this invention is as follows: During operation, the machine pulls the furrow opener forward. The two cutter heads are set at an angle of 10° to 15° and rotate around their respective axes, cutting into the soil to form furrows. A seed guide tube is placed between the two cutter heads to guide seeds to the bottom of the furrows. At least one cutter head is an adaptive buffer cutter head. When the cutting resistance on the blade changes, the blade tends to deflect around the hinge. The elastic deformation element on one side of the hinge is compressed, while the elastic deformation element on the other side is stretched or its compression is reduced, thereby absorbing impact energy and reducing cutting resistance. When the cutting resistance decreases or disappears, the elastic deformation element releases potential energy, driving the blade back to the center position.

[0035] Because the cutter head body is connected to the support via a rotating shaft, and the shaft's mounting position on the support is fixed, the elastic deflection of the blades only occurs between the blades and the cutter head body. The overall included angle between the two cutter heads, the furrow width, and the position of the seed guide tube relative to the support remain unchanged during operation. Therefore, while utilizing the adaptive buffer cutter head to reduce cutting resistance and impact load, the furrow opener can maintain the furrowing performance of a conventional double-disc furrow opener, ensuring furrow symmetry, consistent furrow depth, and stable seed placement with the seed guide tube centered.

[0036] After the blade exits the soil, the elastic deformation element resets the blade, ensuring the continuity and dynamic balance of the next soil entry stroke. After the trenching operation, the soil falls back into the trench, and the soil covering and compaction ridging device 11 is set behind the trencher, including a soil guiding section 11(a), a compaction roller body 11(b), and a shaping section 11(c). The soil guiding section 11(a) is used to guide the falling soil and cover the trench; the compaction roller body 11(b) is set behind the soil guiding section 11(a), and the angles on both sides of its lateral profile match the lateral disturbance accumulation angle of the soil after trenching; the shaping section 11(c) is set on both sides of the compaction roller body 11(b) and is used to shape the sides of the ridging. During operation, the soil guiding section 11(a) first guides the falling soil to cover the trench, the pressing roller 11(b) then presses the soil after it is covered, and the shaping section 11(c) simultaneously shapes both sides of the ridge, so that the soil covering, pressing and shaping are completed continuously in one operation, so that the compaction of the soil after pressing is uniform, reducing the collapse of the trench and the deformation of the ridge, and forming a stable ridge shape.

[0037] In one implementation, the stiffness, preload, and allowable deflection of the elastic deformable component can be matched according to the soil conditions of the target plot, the target trenching depth, and the stress on the blade. For example, the parameters of the elastic deformable component can be calibrated and verified using conventional methods such as finite element analysis, multibody dynamics simulation, discrete element simulation, or field tests, so that the blade can provide buffering and drag reduction during soil entry, cutting, and exit, and can reliably return to its original position after the cutting resistance decreases. The above parameter calibration and verification are only used to determine the working parameters of the elastic deformable component and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The specific simulation software, model parameters, and stiffness of the elastic deformable component can be selected according to the actual operating conditions and are not limited to specific values.

[0038] (I) Stress Analysis and Buffer Mechanism Design This invention addresses the ditching requirements of post-wheat cotton planters in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, analyzing the force state of the ditcher during the soil cutting process. During operation, the blades are subjected to the soil's normal support force, tangential friction force, and machine traction force; the cutting resistance increases with the depth of penetration. To ensure the blades can achieve buffering and drag reduction and reliable repositioning at different penetration depths, the stiffness, preload, and allowable deflection of the elastic deformation component must be matched according to the soil penetration resistance and soil-stubble friction characteristics of the target plot.

[0039] In one implementation, the soil penetration resistance and soil-stubble friction characteristics at different depths of the target plot can be measured first. Combined with the target penetration depth of the trencher and the effective force-bearing area of ​​the blade, the supporting force on the blade can be calculated. Then, based on the allowable deflection of the blade and the installation lever arm of the elastic deformation element, the stiffness range of the elastic deformation element can be determined. This ensures that the blade provides buffering and drag reduction during penetration, cutting, and removal, and reliably returns to its original position after the cutting resistance decreases. Specific soil parameters, spring stiffness, and preload can be calibrated according to actual operating conditions and are not limited to specific values.

[0040] (II) ADAMS Dynamic Analysis In one implementation, ADAMS is used to perform dynamic simulation analysis on the trencher. The 3D model of the trencher is imported into ADAMS. The cutterhead body and blades are assigned values ​​based on steel material. A revolute joint is established between the blades and the cutterhead body to simulate a pin-hinged relationship. A spring force is applied between the blades and the cutterhead body to simulate a buffer mechanism. The soil model is placed in contact with the blades. A rotational speed is applied to the revolute joint, and a horizontal velocity is applied to the prismatic joint to simulate the advance of the implement and the rotation of the cutterhead.

[0041] Simulation results show that during the soil penetration, cutting, and expulsion processes, the blade can elastically deflect around the hinge and return to its original position. The elastic deformation members on both sides alternately compress and stretch, and the motion relationship of the buffer mechanism is consistent with the theoretical design. The cutting angle between the blade edge and the forward velocity direction adaptively adjusts with the soil penetration depth, which helps to reduce cutting resistance. This dynamic analysis verifies the feasibility of the buffer mechanism in the trencher of this invention and the correctness of the blade motion relationship. Specific simulation software, model parameters, and driving conditions can be selected according to actual operating conditions and are not limited to specific values.

[0042] (III) Discrete Element Comparison Experiment In one embodiment, discrete element method (DEM) simulation is used to compare the furrow opener of this invention with a conventional double-disc furrow opener. A soil simulation model is established, using spherical soil particles, and setting parameters such as soil particle density, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, interparticle friction coefficient, and contact parameters between the soil and the blades. The furrow opener is driven by a cutter shaft, and the set rotational speed and forward speed simulate field operation, with the penetration depth set according to the target furrowing depth.

[0043] Simulation results show that, under the same soil conditions, the furrow opener of this invention experiences lower soil resistance than the ordinary double-disc furrow opener, with an average resistance reduction of approximately 17.6% during the stable operation phase. Field comparison tests further demonstrate that the furrow opener of this invention reduces tillage resistance by approximately 25.3% compared to the ordinary double-disc furrow opener. These results indicate that by using an adaptive buffer cutterhead to reduce resistance while maintaining the double-disc angle, furrow width, and seed guide tube position, cutting resistance can be effectively reduced while preserving the furrowing performance of the ordinary double-disc furrow opener. Specific soil parameters, contact models, and simulation conditions can be selected according to actual operating conditions and are not limited to specific values.

[0044] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cutter head, characterized in that, The device includes a cutter head body, at least two blades disposed on the circumference of the cutter head body via a hinge, and a buffer mechanism disposed between each cutter head body and the blade. The buffer mechanism includes at least two sets of elastic deformation members, and at least one set of elastic deformation members is disposed on each side of the hinge. The two ends of the elastic deformation members are respectively connected to the cutter head body and the blade.

2. The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head body is circular in shape, the blade is fan-shaped, the center of the fan-shaped blade coincides with the center of the cutter head body, and the extension line of the elastic deformation member passes through the center of the cutter head body.

3. The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic deformation member includes a first connecting block disposed on the cutter head body, a second connecting block disposed on the blade, and a spring connected at both ends to the first connecting block and the second connecting block respectively, wherein the first connecting block and the second connecting block are both located inside the spring.

4. The cutter head according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hinge portion includes a first connecting plate disposed on the cutter head body, a second connecting plate disposed on the blade body, and a pin. Both the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are provided with pin holes, and the pin is used to hinge the cutter head body and the blade by passing through the pin holes.

5. The cutter head according to claim 4, characterized in that, A set of springs is provided on both sides of the first connecting plate or the second connecting plate, and the springs on both sides are equidistant from the axis of the first connecting plate or the second connecting plate.

6. A trencher, characterized in that, It includes a support frame, a seed guide tube, two cutter discs, and a soil covering and compaction device for ridging. The support frame has two cutter discs rotatably mounted on both sides, and at least one of the cutter discs is the cutter disc described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The trencher according to claim 6, characterized in that, The support has bearing seats on both sides, and bearings are installed on the bearing seats. The cutter head is connected to the bearings through a rotating shaft.

8. The trencher according to claim 6, characterized in that, The two cutter discs are arranged at an angle of 10° to 15°, and the seed guide tube is disposed between the two cutter discs.

9. The trencher according to claim 6, characterized in that, A pressing roller is installed behind the trencher, and the angles of the two sides of the pressing roller are designed according to the lateral disturbance accumulation angle of the soil after trenching.

10. A seeder, characterized in that, The furrow opener according to any one of claims 6 to 9 includes a seeder body, the furrow opener being disposed on the seeder body.

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