Reporting a differential value relative to a quasi-colocation source

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) can receive an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of quasi co-location (QCL) sources to measure. The UE can transmit a report including a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements. Each differential measurement in the set can be associated with a respective beam in the set of beams and can be computed relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements that is associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the respective beam. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communication in general, and more particularly to techniques, apparatus and methods for reporting differential values ​​relative to quasi-co-located sources. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of services, including voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other services. Services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, etc. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, spatial-domain resources, and / or device transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access RATs include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0003] The aforementioned Multiple Access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different wireless communication devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunications standard is New Radio (NR). NR (also known as 5G) is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband announced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) can be designed to better support the Internet of Things (IoT) and reduced-capacity device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter-wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelinks and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (e.g., cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communications), massive MIMO, decomposed network architectures and network topology expansion, multi-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, and more. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, further improvements to NR can be implemented, and other radio access technologies (such as 6G) can be introduced to further advance mobile broadband evolution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE). The method may include: receiving an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of quasi-co-located (QCL) sources to be measured. The method may include: transmitting a report comprising a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the corresponding beam.

[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include: transmitting an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources for measurement by a UE. The method may also include: receiving a report comprising a set of differential measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in a set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources.

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the UE to: receive an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources to be measured. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the UE to: transmit a report including a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the corresponding beam.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to: transmit indications of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources for measurement by a UE. The one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to: receive a report comprising a set of differential measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in a set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to: receive an indication for a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources to be measured. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to: transmit a report comprising a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the corresponding beam.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. When executed by one or more processors of the network node, the set of instructions enables the network node to: send indications for a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources for measurement by a UE. When executed by one or more processors of the network node, the set of instructions enables the network node to: receive a report comprising a set of differential measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in a set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for receiving an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources to be measured. The apparatus may include components for transmitting a report comprising a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the corresponding beam.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for transmitting an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources for measurement by a UE. The apparatus may also include components for receiving a report comprising a set of differential measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in a set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources.

[0012] Various aspects of this disclosure may be implemented or be implemented as described in whole by or embodied in the methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network nodes, network entities, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described in the specification and drawings and illustrated in the specification and drawings.

[0013] The preceding paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of this disclosure. These and additional aspects and their associated advantages will be described below. The disclosed aspects can serve as the basis for modifying or designing other aspects for performing the same or similar purposes of this disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, their organization and operation, and their associated advantages will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings illustrate some aspects of this disclosure but do not limit its scope, as other aspects can be achieved by this description. Each drawing in the drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a definition of limitation of the claims. Identical or similar reference numerals in different drawings may identify identical or similar elements.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network according to the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating communication between an example network node and an example user equipment in a wireless network according to this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of beam management based on artificial intelligence or machine learning according to this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5A and Figure 5B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the differential value of a report relative to a quasi-co-located (QCL) source according to this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 and Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an example process associated with the difference value of a report relative to a QCL source according to this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 8 and Figure 9 This is a diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Various aspects of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated or described with reference to the drawings or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the scope of protection of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will understand that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, various combinations or numbers of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or a practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover apparatuses having structures and / or functionalities other than those available for practicing the various aspects of this disclosure set forth herein, or methods practiced using these other structures and / or functionalities. Any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0023] Various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will now be presented with reference to them. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0024] To improve beam selection, networks and user equipment (UEs) can use artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) to assist in beam selection. For example, a UE can measure a set of wide beams, and the network can feed this measurement of the wide beams into an AI / ML model to select the beam used for communication with the UE from a set of narrow beams. In another example, a UE can measure a set of beams at the current time, and the network can feed this measurement of the set of beams into an AI / ML model to predict different beams to be used for communication with the UE at future times.

[0025] To train, monitor, and refine AI / ML models (and for other purposes), the network can configure the UE to measure both a set of wide beams and a set of narrow beams. However, transmitting measurements for both the wide and narrow beams increases network overhead and consumes power and processing resources at both the network and the UE.

[0026] The various aspects collectively relate to reporting differential measurements for a set of beams relative to a set of quasi-co-located (QCL) sources used for that set of beams. As used herein, “quasi-co-located” or “QCL” refers to a situation where the properties of a channel transmitting symbols on one port can be inferred from a channel transmitting symbols on another port. QCL properties may include, for example, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, or spatial reception parameters. Thus, the QCL sources for a beam can be reference signals that can be used to infer the directivity and / or other characteristics of the beam. Some aspects more specifically relate to the quantization of differential measurements for Layer 1 (L1) reporting. In some aspects, differential measurements may include both positive and negative differential values. Thus, some aspects more specifically relate to quantizing negative differential values ​​according to rules different from those used to quantize positive differential values.

[0027] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, because the UE reports differential measurements, the described techniques can be used to reduce network overhead and save power and processing resources compared to the UE reporting absolute measurements. Additionally, in some examples, because the UE quantizes differential measurements, the described techniques can be used to further reduce network overhead and save power and processing resources. Similarly, because the UE can quantize negative differential values ​​according to a different rule than that used for quantizing positive differential values ​​(e.g., by using fewer bits for negative differential values), the described techniques can be used to further reduce network overhead and save power and processing resources.

[0028] Multiple access radio access technology (RAT) has been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless communication devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution program released by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 5G NR supports a variety of technologies and use cases, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV).

[0029] With increasing demand for broadband access and the evolution of technologies supported by wireless communication networks, further technological improvements can be adopted or implemented in 5G NR or future RATs (such as 6G) to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements can be associated with new frequency band extensions, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, decomposed network architectures and network topology extensions, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelinks and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced-capacity (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multi-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing and / or AI / ML, and more. Such technological improvements can support use cases such as wireless backhaul, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta-services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communications, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and collaborative manipulation, sensor networks, posture monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, digital twin applications, asset management, and general coverage applications using off-ground and / or aerial platforms, etc. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein can implement one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 according to the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, etc. The wireless communication network 100 may include a plurality of network nodes 110, shown as network node (NN) 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d. Network nodes 110 may support communication with a plurality of UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e).

[0031] Network nodes 110 and UEs 120 of wireless communication network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, frequency bands, carriers, and / or channels according to frequency or wavelength. For example, devices of wireless communication network 100 can communicate using one or more operating frequency bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless communication network 100 can support a specific RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and can operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include 4G RATs, 5G / NRRATs, and / or 6G RATs, etc. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographical area, each RAT in that geographical area can operate on a different frequency to avoid interference with each other.

[0032] Various operating frequency bands have been defined as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in some documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, in some documents and articles, FR2 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band, but this is different from the Very High Frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as the mid-band frequencies, including FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 or FR2 characteristics, thereby effectively extending the characteristics of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Therefore, "below 6 GHz" (if used herein) can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, and / or included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term "millimeter wave" (if used herein) can broadly refer to frequencies included in mid-band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5, and / or within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands can extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs above 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 can implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), where multiple RATs (e.g., 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented within a single frequency band using dynamic bandwidth allocation (e.g., based on user demand). It is conceivable that the frequencies included in these operating frequency bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1 and / or FR5) can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0033] Network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of wireless communication network 100. Network node 110 may be, may include, or may be referred to as: NR network node, 5G network node, 6G network node, node B, eNB, gNB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), mobility element, core, network entity, network element, network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in the radio access network (RAN).

[0034] Network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (e.g., a single physical structure) or as two or more physical nodes (e.g., two or more different physical structures). For example, network node 110 may be a device or system implementing a portion of a radio protocol stack, a device or system implementing a complete protocol stack (such as a complete gNB protocol stack), or a collection of devices or systems collectively implementing a complete protocol stack. For example, and as shown, network node 110 may be an aggregated network node, meaning that network node 110 can implement a complete radio protocol stack physically and logically integrated within a single node (e.g., a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a complete radio protocol stack to implement or facilitate communication between UE 120 and the core network of wireless communication network 100.

[0035] Alternatively, and also as shown, network node 110 may be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), meaning that network node 110 may use protocol stacks that are physically distributed and / or logically distributed across two or more nodes in the same or different geographic locations. For example, a decomposed network node may have a decomposed architecture. In some deployments, decomposed network node 110 may be used in integrated access and backhaul (IAB) networks, in open radio access networks (O-RAN) (such as network configurations compliant with the O-RAN Alliance), or in virtualized radio access networks (vRAN) (also referred to as cloud radio access networks (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling by decomposing base station functionality into multiple individually deployable units.

[0036] Network nodes 110 of wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), and / or one or more radio units (RUs). CUs may host one or more higher-layer control functions, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) functions, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. DUs may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to functional splits (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some examples, DUs may also host one or more low-PHY layer functions, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, etc. RUs may host RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions, such as FFT, iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc., according to functional splits (such as lower-layer functional splits). In this type of architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 120s.

[0037] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, network node 110 may include one or more near real-time (near RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more non-real-time (non-RT) RICs. In some examples, CUs, DUs, and / or RUs may be implemented as virtual units, such as Virtual Central Units (VCUs), Virtual Distributed Units (VDUs), or Virtual Radio Units (VRUs), etc. Virtual units may be implemented as virtual network functions, such as those associated with cloud deployments.

[0038] Some network nodes 110 (e.g., base stations, RUs, or TRPs) can provide communication coverage for specific geographic areas. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 or to network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. Network node 110 can support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, network node 110 can provide communication coverage for macro cells, pico cells, femto cells, or another type of cell. A macro cell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and can allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell can cover a relatively small geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and can allow restricted access by UE 120 associated with that femto cell (e.g., UE 120 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). The network node 110 used for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. Network node 110 used for a picocell may be referred to as a pico network node. Network node 110 used for a femtocell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. In some examples, the cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographical area of ​​the cell may move depending on the location of the associated mobile network node 110 (e.g., a train, satellite base station, drone, or NTN network node).

[0039] The wireless communication network 100 can be a heterogeneous network, comprising different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, piconet nodes, femtonet nodes, relay network nodes, aggregation network nodes, and / or decomposition network nodes, etc. Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110a may be a macro network node for macro cell 130a, network node 110b may be a pico network node for pico cell 130b, and network node 110c may be a femto network node for femto cell 130c. Various types of network nodes 110 may typically transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different effects on interference in the wireless communication network 100 compared to other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 watts to 2 watts).

[0040] In some examples, network node 110 may be, may include, or operate as a RU, TRP, or base station communicating with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a "Uu" link). The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication direction from network node 110 to UE 120, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication direction from UE 120 to network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. Downlink control channels may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (e.g., scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from network node 110 to UE 120. Downlink data channels may be used to transmit downlink data (e.g., user data associated with UE 120) from network node 110 to UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCH), and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCH). The uplink channel may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. The uplink control channel can be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from UE 120 to network node 110 (e.g., transmitting corresponding reference signals and / or feedback with one or more downlinks). The uplink data channel can be used to transmit uplink data (e.g., user data associated with UE 120) from UE 120 to network node 110. The uplink control channel may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCH), and the uplink data channel may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH). The downlink and uplink may each include a set of resources on which network node 110 and UE 120 can communicate.

[0041] Downlink and uplink resources may include time-domain resources (frames, subframes, time slots, and / or symbols), frequency-domain resources (bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements), and / or spatial-domain resources (specific transmission directions and / or beam parameters). Frequency-domain resources in some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth portions (BWPs). A BWP may be a contiguous block of frequency-domain resources allocated to one or more UEs 120 (e.g., a contiguous block of resource blocks). UEs 120 may be configured using both uplink and downlink BWPs (where the uplink and downlink BWPs may be the same BWP or different BWPs). BWPs may be dynamically configured and / or reconfigured (e.g., by sending DCI configuration to one or more UEs 120 via network node 110), meaning that BWPs may be adjusted in real-time (or near real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. This allows for more efficient use of available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100, as fewer frequency domain resources can be allocated to the BWP for UE 120 (which reduces the number of frequency domain resources that UE 120 needs to monitor), thus allowing more frequency domain resources to be distributed across multiple UE 120s. Therefore, the BWP can also assist in the implementation of such UE 120s by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communications performed by lower-capacity UE 120s.

[0042] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an IAB network, may include an IAB network, or may be included in an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node communicating with a core network. The anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or "IAB donor"). The anchor network node 110 may be connected to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, the Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, the anchor network node 110 may be connected to one or more devices in the core network that provide core access and mobility management functions (AMF). An IAB network typically also includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply IAB nodes (or "IAB-nodes"). Each non-anchor network node 110 can directly communicate with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or can indirectly communicate with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and an associated wireless backhaul link forming a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network nodes 110 or other non-anchor network nodes 110 can also directly communicate with one or more UEs 120 via a wireless access link carrying access services. For example, network resources used for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) can be shared between the access link and the backhaul link.

[0043] In some examples, any network node 110 relaying communication may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply a repeater. A repeater may receive communications from an upstream station (e.g., another network node 110 or UE 120) and transmit communications to a downstream station (e.g., UE 120 or another network node 110). In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a "multi-hop network." Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 120d to facilitate communication between network node 110a and UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 can be a relay station capable of relaying transmissions to or from other UE 120s, or can operate as such a relay station. UE 120 relaying communication can be referred to as a UE repeater or relay UE, etc.

[0044] UE 120 may be physically distributed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may be, may include, an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. UE 120 may be, or may include, a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband and / or smart jewelry (such as a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device and / or a satellite radio), an XR device, a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device), a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that can communicate via a wireless medium, or may be coupled to them.

[0045] UE 120 and / or network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-a-chip (SoC), chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), neural processing units (NPUs), and / or digital signal processors (DSPs)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors that can be configured or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor that can be configured or configured to perform a first function in the set, and a second processor that can be configured or configured to perform a second function in the set, or may include the entire group of processors that are configured or configured to perform the set of functions.

[0046] The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as "memory" or collectively as "memory" or "memory circuitry"). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors in the processor (e.g., operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) and may store processor-executable code (such as software) individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors in the processor, may configure one or more processors in the processor to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors in the processor may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without being configured by software. The processing system may also include or be coupled to one or more modems (such as Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modems or cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modems). In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems among the modems. The processing system may also include, or be coupled to, multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas among multiple antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers. UE 120 may be included or may be contained in a housing that houses components associated with UE 120, including the processing system.

[0047] Some UEs 120 may be considered Machine Type Communication (MTC) UEs, Evolved or Enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) UEs, Further Enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs or Enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be collectively referred to as "MTC UEs". MTC UEs may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with the following: robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, remote devices, sensors, instruments, monitors, and / or location tags. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) devices. IoT UEs or NB-IoT devices may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with the following: industrial machines, appliances, refrigerators, doorbell camera devices, home automation devices, and / or lighting fixtures, etc. Some UEs 120 may be considered customer premises equipment, which may include telecommunications equipment installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider’s network (such as being included in or communicating with the wireless communication network 100).

[0048] Some UEs 120 can be categorized according to different categories associated with varying levels of complexity and / or capabilities. Category 1 UEs 120 facilitate large-scale IoT within the wireless communication network 100 and offer lower complexity and / or cost compared to Category 2 UEs 120. Category 2 UEs 120 may include mission-critical IoT devices capable of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and / or precise positioning within the wireless communication network 100, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-level UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs. Category 3 UEs 120 may possess intermediate-level complexity and / or capabilities (e.g., capabilities between Category 1 and Category 2 UEs 120). Category 3 UEs 120 may be referred to as reduced-capability UEs (“RedCap UEs”), intermediate-level UEs, NR lightweight UEs, and / or NR simplified UEs, etc. RedCap UEs bridge the gap in capabilities and complexity between NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs can include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras associated with limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range. RedCap UEs can support healthcare environments, building automation, power distribution, process automation, transportation and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among others.

[0049] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) can communicate directly with each other using sidelink communication (e.g., without communicating through a network node 110 acting as an intermediary). As an example, UE 120a can send data, control information, or other signaling directly to UE 120e as sidelink communication. This contrasts with, for example, UE 120a first sending data to network node 110 in UL communication, and then that network node sending data to UE 120e in DL communication. In various examples, UE 120 can send and receive sidelink communication using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communication between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, UE 120 (instead of network node 110) may perform or cooperate with or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communication.

[0050] In various examples, in addition to half-duplex operation, some network nodes and UEs in the wireless communication network 100, including network node 110 and UE 120, can also be configured for full-duplex operation. Network node 110 or UE 120 operating in half-duplex mode can perform only one of transmission or reception during a specific time resource period (such as a specific time slot, symbol, or other time period). Half-duplex operation may involve time division duplex (TDD), where the DL transmission of network node 110 and the UL transmission of UE 120 do not occur in the same time resource (i.e., the transmissions do not overlap in time). In contrast, network node 110 or UE 120 operating in full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (e.g., within the same time resource). By operating in full-duplex mode, network node 110 and / or UE 120 can generally increase the capacity of the network and radio access links. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency division duplex (FDD), in which network node 110 performs DL transmission in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier, and UE 120 performs transmission in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier, the second frequency band or the second component carrier being different from the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for UE 120 but not for network node 110. For example, UE 120 may simultaneously transmit UL to the first network node 110 and receive DL transmissions from the second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for network node 110 but not for UE 120. For example, network node 110 may simultaneously transmit DL to the first UE 120 and receive UL transmissions from the second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both network node 110 and UE 120.

[0051] In some examples, UE 120 and network node 110 can perform MIMO communication. "MIMO" generally refers to the simultaneous transmission or reception of multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) using the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques typically utilize multipath propagation. MIMO can be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO can support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, which is called multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). Some RATs can employ advanced MIMO techniques such as mTRP operations (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs), reciprocity in the time or frequency domain, single-frequency network (SFN) transmission, or noncoherent joint transmission (NC-JT).

[0052] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may (e.g., from network node 110) receive an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources to be measured, and may (e.g., to network node 110) send a report including a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0053] In some aspects, network node 110 may include communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 150 may (e.g., to UE 120) send indications of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources for measurement by the UE (e.g., UE 120), and may (e.g., from UE 120) receive reports including a set of differential measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0054] As indicated above, Figure 1 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating communication between an example network node 110 and an example UE 120 in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0056] like Figure 2As shown, network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a to 232t, where t≥1), a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a to 234v, where v≥1), a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, etc. In some configurations, one or a combination of antennas 234, modems 232, MIMO detectors 236, receive processors 238, transmit processors 214, and / or TX MIMO processors 216 may be included in the transceiver of network node 110. The transceiver may be under the control of and used by one or more processors (such as controller / processor 240), and in some respects, may perform aspects of the methods, procedures and / or operations described herein in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in memory 242. In some respects, network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components and / or other components that facilitate communication with UE 120 or another network node.

[0057] The terms “processor,” “controller,” or “controller / processor” can refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, references to “a / the processor,” “a / the controller / processor,” etc. (in the singular) should be understood as referring to a combination of… Figure 2 The processor described refers to any one or more processors, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. The reference to "one or more processors" should be understood as a combination of references. Figure 2 Any one or more processors described herein. For example, one or more processors of network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.

[0058] In some aspects, a single processor can perform all operations described as being performed by one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of one or more processors can perform a first operation described as being performed by that one or more processors, and a second set of one or more processors can perform a second operation described as being performed by that one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors can be the same set of processors or can be different sets of processors. The reference to "one or more memories" should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of the corresponding device, such as those in combination. Figure 2 The memory described. For example, an operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or by different subsets of the one or more memories.

[0059] For downlink communication from network node 110 to UE 120, transmitting processor 214 may receive data (“downlink data”) intended for use by UE 120 (or a set of UEs including UE 120) from data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or data queue). In some examples, transmitting processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for UE 120 based on one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120. Network node 110 may process the data (e.g., including encoding the data) based on the MCS selected for UE 120 for transmission to UE 120 on the downlink, thereby generating data symbols. Transmitting processor 214 may process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and / or control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper-layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmitting processor 214 can generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), or channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RS)) and / or synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)).

[0060] The TX MIMO processor 216 can perform space processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols where applicable, and can output a set of symbol streams (e.g., TA set of output symbol streams is provided to modem 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a corresponding modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., modulate) the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time-domain downlink signal. Modems 232a to 232t may transmit the set of downlink signals (e.g., via a set of corresponding antennas 234) together. T (One downlink signal).

[0061] Downlink signals may include DCI communication, MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, RRC communication, downlink reference signals, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on the PDCCH, PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. Downlink signals may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a data unit transmitted via the air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (e.g., from data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission via the air interface. The number of TBs used to carry data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size shared by multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on the radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used to encode the data, downlink resources allocated for transmitting data, and / or other parameters, or otherwise associated with them. Generally, a larger TB size allows for a larger amount of data to be transmitted in a single transmission, reducing signaling overhead. However, a larger TB size may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than a smaller TB size, but such errors can be mitigated through more robust error correction techniques.

[0062] For uplink communication from UE 120 to network node 110, the uplink signal from UE 120 may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., demodulator component of modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected where applicable by MIMO detector 236 (e.g., receive (Rx) MIMO processor), and / or further processed by receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to processors such as controller / processor 240.

[0063] Network node 110 may use scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communication. In some aspects, scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to and / or UL transmissions from UE 120. In some examples, scheduler 246 may allocate repetitive time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources that UE 120 may use for transmitting and / or receiving communication with RRC configuration (e.g., semi-static configuration), for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure configuration grant (CG) for UE 120.

[0064] One or more of the following may be included in the RF chain of network node 110: transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. The RF chain may include filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and / or other devices for converting analog signals (such as those used for transmission or reception via an air interface) to digital signals (such as those used for processing by one or more processors of network node 110). In some aspects, the RF chain may be a transceiver of network node 110, or may be included in such a transceiver.

[0065] In some examples, network node 110 may use communication unit 244 to communicate with the core network and / or other network nodes. Communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, fiber optic, Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), and / or wired or wireless backhaul, etc. Network node 110 may use communication unit 244 to send and / or receive data associated with UE 120, or to execute network control signaling, etc. Communication unit 244 may include transceivers and / or interfaces, such as network interfaces.

[0066] UE 120 may include a collection of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r, where r ≥ 1), a collection of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a to 254u, where u ≥ 1), a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, etc. One or more components of UE 120 may be included in housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, or TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver included in UE 120. The transceiver may be under the control of and used by one or more processors (such as controller / processor 280), and in some respects, may perform aspects of the methods, procedures, or operations described herein in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in memory 282. In some respects, UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with network node 110 and / or another UE 120.

[0067] For downlink communication from network node 110 to UE 120, the set of antennas 252 can receive downlink communication or signals from network node 110, and can receive the set of downlink signals (e.g., R Each received signal is provided to a set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a corresponding demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each modem 254 may use the corresponding demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain a received symbol. MIMO detector 256 may obtain the received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and may provide the detected symbols. Receiver processor 258 may process (e.g., decode) the detected symbols, may provide the decoded data for UE 120 to data sink 260 (such as a data pipeline, data queue, and / or application executed on UE 120), and may provide the decoded control information and system information to controller / processor 280.

[0068] For uplink communication from UE 120 to network node 110, the transmitting processor 264 may receive and process data (“uplink data”) from data source 262 (such as data pipelines, data queues, and / or applications running on UE 120) and control information from controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receiving processor 258 and / or controller / processor 280 may determine one or more parameters related to the transmission of uplink communication for received signals (such as those received from network node 110 or another UE). One or more parameters may include a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) parameter, a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameter, a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a Transmit Power Control (TPC) parameter, etc. The control information may include indications of the RSRP parameter, RSSI parameter, RSRQ parameter, CQI parameter, TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. Control information can facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for UE 120 by network node 110.

[0069] Transmit processor 264 can generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as uplink DMRS, uplink sounding reference signal (SRS), and / or another type of reference signal. Symbols from transmit processor 264 can be pre-decoded by TX MIMO processor 266 where applicable, and further processed by a set of modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM). TX MIMO processor 266 can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols where applicable, and can output a set of symbol streams (e.g., ... U A set of output symbol streams is provided to modem 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a corresponding modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., modulate) the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.

[0070] Modems 254a to 254u can transmit uplink signal sets (e.g., via a set of corresponding antennas 252) R One uplink signal or UUplink signals may include UCI communication, MAC-CE communication, RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on PUSCH, PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. Uplink signals may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmission (i.e., transmission directly between two or more UEs 120) may typically use techniques similar to those described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), and / or Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH).

[0071] One or more antennas in the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc., or may be included in one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), sets of coplanar antenna elements, sets of non-coplanar antenna elements, or with one or more transmitting or receiving components (such as...) Figure 2 An antenna module is a combination of one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more components. As used herein, "antenna" can mean one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more collections of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. "Antenna panel" can mean a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel that can facilitate beamforming by manipulating the parameters of that group of antennas. "Antenna module" can mean a circuit that includes one or more antennas, and may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.

[0072] In some examples, each antenna element of antenna 234 or antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element, which can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. Antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. The spacing between antenna elements can allow signals with a desired wavelength transmitted individually by the antenna elements to interact or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam) in various directions. For example, given a desired wavelength or frequency range, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, half a wavelength, or another fraction of the wavelength between adjacent antenna elements to allow desired constructive and destructive interference modes of signals transmitted by individual antenna elements within that desired range.

[0073] The amplitude and / or phase of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements can be modulated and (e.g., by manipulating phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes) shifted relative to each other to generate one or more beams; this is known as beamforming. The term "beam" can refer to the directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. "Beam" can also generally refer to the direction associated with such directional signal transmission, the set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (e.g., angle of arrival, horizontal direction, and / or vertical direction), and / or a set of parameters indicating one or more aspects of the directional signal, the direction associated with the signal, and / or the set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements can be individually selected or deselected for the directional transmission of a signal (or multiple signals) by controlling the amplitude of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or the phase of the signal to form one or more beams. The shape of the beam (such as amplitude, width, and / or the presence of sidelobes) and / or the direction of the beam (such as the angle of the beam relative to the surface of the antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of multiple signals relative to each other.

[0074] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or different numbers of antenna elements. As another example, network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or different numbers of antenna elements. Generally speaking, a larger number of antenna elements provides increased control over the parameters used for beamforming compared to a smaller number of antenna elements, while a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and can use less power. Multiple antenna elements can support multi-layer transmission, in which the same time and frequency resources are used to utilize spatial multiplexing to transmit a first layer of communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of communication (which may include a second data stream).

[0075] Although Figure 2 The boxes in the diagram are illustrated as different components, but the functions described above with respect to these boxes may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, and / or TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of controller / processor 280.

[0076] Figure 3 This is an illustration of an example decomposed base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. One or more components of the example decomposed base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such as one or more network nodes 110). The decomposed base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310, which may communicate directly with the core network 320 via a backhaul link, or may communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more decomposed control units (such as non-RT RIC 350 and / or near-RT RIC 370 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 360) (e.g., via an E2 link). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DU 330 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as via an F1 interface). Each DU 330 may communicate with one or more RU 340 via a corresponding fronthaul link. Each RU 340 may communicate with one or more UE 120 via a corresponding RF access link. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RU 340s.

[0077] Each component in the components of the decomposed base station architecture 300 (including CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, near-RT RIC 370, non-RT RIC 350, and SMO frame 360) may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled to one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via wired or wireless transmission media.

[0078] In some respects, the CU 310 can be logically divided into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 310 can be deployed to communicate with one or more DU 330s for network control and signaling, as needed. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 340s. For example, the DU 330 may host various layers, such as the RLC layer, MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers (such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers). Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) can be implemented using an interface for signaling to other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for signaling to control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower-layer functionality. In some respects, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of communication with the control plane and user plane of the RU 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.

[0079] The SMO framework 360 supports RAN deployment and provisioning for both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 360 supports the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 360 can interact with cloud computing platforms such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces such as the O2 interface. Virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 350, and / or near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO framework 360 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN, 5G NR RAN, and / or 6G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 380) via the O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO framework 360 can communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via the corresponding O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration enables each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0080] The non-RT RIC 350 may include or implement logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including AI / ML workflows for model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the near-RT RIC 370. The non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 370, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 370 may include or implement logic functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, through data collection and actions, connecting one or more CU 310s, one or more DU 330s, and / or O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 370.

[0081] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 370, the non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 370 and can be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 360 or the non-RT RIC 350. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 350 or near-RT RIC 370 may modulate RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0082] As indicated above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0083] Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 Network node 110, its controller / processor 240, UE 120, UE 120's controller / processor 280, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, or any other component may implement one or more techniques associated with reporting the differential value relative to the QCL source or perform one or more operations associated with reporting the differential value relative to the QCL source, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, network node 110's controller / processor 240, UE 120's controller / processor 280, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, or any other component may implement one or more techniques associated with reporting the differential value relative to the QCL source or perform one or more operations associated with reporting the differential value relative to the QCL source, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. Figure 2 Any other component, CU 310, DU 330, or RU 340 that can execute or boot, for example Figure 6 Process 600 Figure 7The operation of process 700 or other processes as described herein (alone or in combination with one or more other processors). Memory 242 may store data and program code for network node 110, CU 310, DU 330, or RU 340. Memory 282 may store data and program code for UE 120. In some examples, memory 242 or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (e.g., code or program code) for wireless communication. Memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same or different types). Memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same or different types). For example, the set of instructions may be made to be executed by one or more processors of network node 110, UE 120, CU 310, DU 330, or RU 340 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, transformation, or interpretation). Figure 6 Process 600 Figure 7 The process 700 or other processes as described herein. In some examples, the execution instructions may include run instructions, transform instructions, compile instructions, and / or interpret instructions, etc.

[0084] In some respects, UEs (e.g., UE 120 and / or Figure 8 The apparatus 800 may include: components for receiving an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources to be measured; and / or components for transmitting a report including a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources. Components for the UE to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: a communication manager 140, an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, or a memory 282.

[0085] In some respects, network nodes (e.g., network node 110, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340 and / or Figure 9 The apparatus 900 may include: for transmitting to a UE (e.g., UE 120 and / or Figure 8The device 800 includes components for measuring an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources; and / or components for receiving a report comprising a set of differential measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in a set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources. Components for enabling network nodes to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: a communication manager 150, a transmit processor 214, a TX MIMO processor 216, a modem 232, an antenna 234, a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, or a scheduler 246.

[0086] As indicated above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0087] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating example 400 of AI / ML-based beam management according to this disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, AI / ML model 410 can be deployed (e.g., at or on network node 110). For example, a model inference host (such as a model inference host) can be deployed at or on network node 110. AI / ML model 410 enables network node 110 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on the data input to AI / ML model 410.

[0088] For example, as indicated by reference numeral 415, the input to AI / ML model 410 may include measurements associated with a first set of beams. For example, network node 110 may use a corresponding beam from the first set of beams to transmit one or more signals. UE 120 may perform measurements on the first set of beams (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements or other measurements) to obtain the first set of measurements. For example, each beam from the first set of beams may be associated with one or more measurements performed by UE 120. UE 120 may send the first set of measurements to network node 110, and network node 110 may input the first set of measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements) along with information associated with the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams (such as beam direction (e.g., spatial direction), beamwidth, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the corresponding beams from the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams) into AI / ML model 410.

[0089] As indicated by reference numeral 420 in the attached figure, the AI / ML model 410 may output one or more predictions. These predictions may include predicted measurements associated with the second set of beams (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurements). This reduces the number of beam measurements performed by the UE 120, thereby saving the UE 120's power and / or network resources that would otherwise be used to measure all beams included in the first and second sets of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction.

[0090] As another example, the output of AI / ML model 410 may include the point orientation, angle of departure (AoD), and / or angle of arrival (AoA) of the beams included in the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as non-codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction. As another example, multiple measurement reports or values ​​collected at different time points may be input into AI / ML model 410. This allows AI / ML model 410 to output codebook-based and / or non-codebook-based predictions for beam measurements, AoD, and / or AoA, etc., at future times. As described herein, the output of AI / ML model 410 can facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., P2 beam management procedures or P3 beam management procedures), link quality or interference adaptation procedures, beam failure and / or beam blocking prediction, and / or radio link failure prediction, etc.

[0091] In some examples, the first group of beams may be referred to as "Group B" beams, and the second group of beams may be referred to as "Group A" beams. In some examples, the first group of beams (e.g., Group B beams) may be a subgroup of the second group of beams (e.g., Group A beams). In some other examples, the first group of beams and the second group of beams may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, the first group of beams (e.g., Group B beams) may include wide beams (e.g., unthinned beams or beams with a beamwidth that satisfies a first threshold), and the second group of beams (e.g., Group A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., thinned beams or beams with a beamwidth that satisfies a second threshold). In one example, AI / ML model 410 may perform spatial domain beam prediction for beams included in Group A beams based on measurements of beams included in Group B beams. As another example, AI / ML model 410 can perform time-beam prediction for beams included in group A based on historical measurements of beams included in group B.

[0092] Some of the techniques and apparatus described herein enable a UE (e.g., UE 120) to report differential measurements for a set of beams relative to a set of QCL sources used for that set of beams. For example, UE 120 can quantize the differential measurements used for L1 reporting. Therefore, UE 120 can reduce network overhead and save power and processing resources (e.g., compared to UE 120 reporting absolute measurements). Additionally, by using L1 reporting, UE 120 can reduce the latency between measuring a set of beams and sending the report (e.g., compared to RRC reporting).

[0093] As indicated above, Figure 4 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0094] Figure 5A and Figure 5B This is a diagram illustrating example 500 associated with the differential value of the report relative to the QCL source according to this disclosure. Example 500 may be described in conjunction with communication between network node 110 and UE 120. In some aspects, network node 110 and UE 120 may be included in a wireless network (such as...) Figure 1 In the wireless network 100).

[0095] like Figure 5A As shown, network node 110 can instruct UE 120 to measure a set of beams 510 (e.g., beams 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d, 510e, 510f, 510g, 510h, and 510i in example 500) associated with a set of QCL sources 505 (e.g., QCL sources 505a, 505b, and 505c in example 500). In example 500, QCL sources 505 are wide beams, while beams 510 are narrow beams. However, other examples may include different spatial relationships between QCL sources 505 and beams 510.

[0096] like Figure 5A As further shown, a set of beams 510 and a set of QCL sources 505 can be associated on a many-to-one basis. For example, each beam in the set of beams 510 may correspond to a corresponding single QCL source in the set of QCL sources 505. On the other hand, each QCL source in the set of QCL sources 505 may correspond to one or more beams in the set of beams 510. For example, a QCL source associated with a CSI-RS QCL source for type A and / or a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) QCL source for type D can be used. NZP-CSI-RS- ResourceSetInformation elements (IEs) (e.g., as defined in 3GPP specifications) are used to configure beamforming. In another example, beamforming can be configured using an SSB QCL source associated with type C and / or type D. NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet IE (e.g., as defined in the 3GPP specification) is used to configure the beam. A QCL source for type A can be associated with Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread; a QCL source for type B can be associated with Doppler shift and Doppler spread; a QCL source for type C can be associated with average delay and Doppler shift; and a QCL source for type D can be associated with spatial reception parameters.

[0097] A set of QCL source 505s can be used as a "Group B" beam, such as in combination Figure 4 As described. Accordingly, UE 120 can measure a set of QCL sources 505 (e.g., in the case of...). Figure 5A In t 0 (At the indicated time). In some respects, UE 120 may transmit, and network node 110 may receive (e.g., directly or via RU 340), a report including a set of reference measurements associated with a set of QCL sources 505. For example, this set of reference measurements may include RSRP measurements and / or other types of measurements. Each QCL source in the set of QCL sources 505 may correspond to a corresponding single reference measurement in this set of reference measurements.

[0098] One group of beams 510 can be used as "Group A" beams, such as in combination Figure 4 As described. Therefore, UE 120 can measure a set of beams 510 (e.g., in the beams formed by...). Figure 5A In t 0 + Δt (At the indicated time). UE 120 may transmit, and network node 110 may receive (e.g., directly or via RU 340), a report including a set of differential measurements associated with a set of beams 510 relative to the set of reference measurements. For example, the set of differential measurements may include RSRP differential values ​​and / or other types of differential values. Each differential measurement in the set of differential measurements may correspond to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

[0099] In Example 500, and as Figure 5BAs shown, a report from UE 120 may indicate: differential measurements for beam 510a relative to a reference measurement for QCL source 505a; differential measurements for beam 510b relative to a reference measurement for QCL source 505a; and differential measurements for beam 510c relative to a reference measurement for QCL source 505a. Similarly, a report from UE 120 may indicate: differential measurements for beam 510d relative to a reference measurement for QCL source 505b; differential measurements for beam 510e relative to a reference measurement for QCL source 505b; and differential measurements for beam 510f relative to a reference measurement for QCL source 505b. Additionally, a report from UE 120 may indicate: differential measurements for beam 510g relative to a reference measurement for QCL source 505c; differential measurements for beam 510h relative to a reference measurement for QCL source 505c; and differential measurements for beam 510i relative to a reference measurement for QCL source 505c.

[0100] In some aspects, the report may be included in an L1 message. Therefore, UE 120 can quantize the set of differential measurements. In some aspects, a set of rules for quantizing the set of differential measurements may be programmed (and / or otherwise pre-configured) in the memory of UE 120 (e.g., according to 3GPP specifications and / or another standard). Additionally or alternatively, network node 110 may send (e.g., directly or via RU 340) and UE 120 may receive indications for the set of rules for quantizing the set of differential measurements. In a combined example, UE 120 may be programmed (and / or otherwise pre-configured) to have multiple possible sets of rules for quantization, and network node 110 may indicate from these multiple possible sets of rules to be applied.

[0101] In some respects, differential measurements may be negative. For example, a beam (in a set of beams 510) may be associated with a lower measurement (e.g., a lower RSRP) compared to the corresponding QCL source (in a set of QCL sources 505). Therefore, UE 120 may quantize negative differential values ​​using a different rule than that used for quantizing positive differential values. For example, UE 120 may use a single code point to represent all negative values, but use multiple code points to represent different quantized positive values.

[0102] Although Example 500 is described in conjunction with UE 120 measuring all beams 510 corresponding to all QCL sources 505, other examples may include network node 110 instructing UE 120 to exclude some beams and / or some QCL sources. For example, network node 110 may transmit (e.g., directly or via RU 340) and UE 120 may receive an indication for a subgroup from a set of beams 510. Thus, UE 120 may measure only the subgroup instead of all beams in a set of beams 510. Additionally or alternatively, network node 110 may transmit (e.g., directly or via RU 340) and UE 120 may receive an indication for a subgroup from a set of QCL sources 505. Thus, UE 120 may measure only the beams associated with QCL sources in the subgroup instead of the beams associated with all QCL sources in a set of QCL sources 505. In some respects, network node 110 may determine (a set of beams 510 and / or a set of QCL sources 505) subgroups based at least in part on the location associated with UE 120 (e.g., as indicated by a district identifier (ID) and / or another type of indication of the location). For example, network node 110 may determine to exclude beams and / or QCL sources associated with historical measurements that failed to meet a correlation threshold in or near that location, and / or beams and / or QCL sources associated with directions that are at least partially opposite to the direction associated with that location.

[0103] By using, such as combination Figures 5A to 5B According to the described technique, UE 120 can report a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements of a set of beams 510 and a set of QCL sources 505. Therefore, UE 120 can reduce network overhead and save power and processing resources (e.g., compared to UE 120 reporting absolute measurements).

[0104] As indicated above, Figures 5A to 5B Provided as an example. Other examples may be provided with reference to [the relevant information]. Figures 5A to 5B The descriptions differ. For example, network node 110 may indicate additional beams (e.g., ten beams, eleven beams, etc.) or fewer beams (e.g., eight beams, seven beams, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, beam 510 may be associated with additional QCL sources (e.g., four sources, five QCL sources, etc.) or fewer QCL sources (e.g., two QCL sources or one QCL source).

[0105] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 600 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure. Example process 600 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with reporting a difference value relative to a QCL source.

[0106] like Figure 6 As shown, in some aspects, process 600 may include: receiving an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources to be measured (block 610). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 8 The receiving component 802 and / or communication manager 806 depicted herein can receive indications of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources to be measured, as described herein.

[0107] like Figure 6 Further shown, in some aspects, process 600 may include: sending a report comprising a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources (box 620). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 8 The transmitting component 804 and / or communication manager 806 depicted herein can transmit a report including a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources, as described herein.

[0108] Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0109] In the first aspect, the set of reference measurements includes RSRP measurements, and the set of differential measurements includes RSRP differential values.

[0110] In the second aspect, individually or in combination with the first aspect, each beam in the set of beams corresponds to a corresponding single QCL source in the set of QCL sources, and each differential measurement in the set of differential measurements corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

[0111] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, each QCL source in the set of QCL sources corresponds to one or more beams in the set of beams and to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

[0112] In the fourth aspect, the report is included in the L1 message either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects.

[0113] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, process 600 includes: sending (e.g., using sending component 804 and / or communication manager 806) an additional report including the set of benchmark measurements.

[0114] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the set of differential measurements is quantized according to a set of rules stored in (e.g., the UE's) memory.

[0115] In the seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, process 600 includes: receiving (e.g., using receiving component 802 and / or communication manager 806) an instruction for a set of rules, wherein the set of differential measurements is quantized according to the set of rules.

[0116] In the eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, process 600 includes: receiving (e.g., using receiving component 802 and / or communication manager 806) an indication of a subgroup of the set of beams, wherein each differential measurement is associated with a corresponding beam in that subgroup of the set of beams.

[0117] In the ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, process 600 includes: receiving (e.g., using receiving component 802 and / or communication manager 806) an indication of a subgroup of the set of QCL sources, wherein each differential measurement is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in that subgroup of the set of QCL sources.

[0118] In the tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more aspects from the first to the ninth aspect, the set of differential measurements includes at least one positive differential value quantified according to the first rule.

[0119] In the eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the set of differential measurements includes at least one negative differential value quantified according to a second rule different from the first rule.

[0120] although Figure 6 An example box of process 600 is shown, but in some respects, process 600 may include... Figure 6 The boxes depicted in the diagram may be fewer, different, or arranged differently than additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 600 may be executed in parallel.

[0121] Figure 7This is a diagram illustrating an example process 700 performed, for example, at a network node or a device of a network node, according to the present disclosure. Example process 700 is an example in which a device or network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with reporting a difference value relative to a QCL source.

[0122] like Figure 7 As shown, in some aspects, process 700 may include: sending an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources for measurement by the UE (box 710). For example, a network node (e.g., using...) Figure 9 The transmitting component 904 and / or the communication manager 906 depicted herein can transmit indications to a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources for measurement by the UE, as described herein.

[0123] like Figure 7 Further shown, in some aspects, process 700 may include: receiving a report comprising a set of differential measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in a set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources (box 720). For example, a network node (e.g., using...) Figure 9 The receiving component 902 and / or communication manager 906 depicted herein can receive a report including a set of differential measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in the set of QCL sources, as described herein.

[0124] Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere in this document.

[0125] In the first aspect, the set of reference measurements includes RSRP measurements, and the set of differential measurements includes RSRP differential values.

[0126] In the second aspect, individually or in combination with the first aspect, each beam in the set of beams corresponds to a corresponding single QCL source in the set of QCL sources, and each differential measurement in the set of differential measurements corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

[0127] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, each QCL source in the set of QCL sources corresponds to one or more beams in the set of beams and to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

[0128] In the fourth aspect, the report is included in the L1 message either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects.

[0129] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, process 700 includes receiving (e.g., using receiving component 902 and / or communication manager 906) an additional report including the set of reference measurements.

[0130] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the set of differential measurements is quantized according to a set of rules, and the set of rules is stored in the memory (e.g., of the network node).

[0131] In the seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, process 700 includes: sending (e.g., using a sending component 904 and / or a communication manager 906) instructions for a set of rules, wherein the set of differential measurements is quantized according to the set of rules.

[0132] In the eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, process 700 includes: transmitting (e.g., using transmission component 904 and / or communication manager 906) an indication of a subgroup of the set of beams, wherein each differential measurement is associated with a corresponding beam in that subgroup of the set of beams.

[0133] In the ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, process 700 includes: sending (e.g., using a sending component 904 and / or a communication manager 906) an instruction to a subgroup of the set of QCL sources, wherein each differential measurement is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in that subgroup of the set of QCL sources.

[0134] In the tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more aspects from the first to the ninth aspect, the set of differential measurements includes at least one positive differential value quantified according to the first rule.

[0135] In the eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, the set of differential measurements includes at least one negative differential value quantified according to a second rule different from the first rule.

[0136] although Figure 7 An example box of process 700 is shown, but in some respects, process 700 may include... Figure 7The boxes depicted in the diagram may be fewer, different, or arranged differently than additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 700 may be executed in parallel.

[0137] Figure 8 This is a diagram of an example device 800 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Device 800 may be a UE, or a UE may include device 800. In some aspects, device 800 includes a receiving component 802, a transmitting component 804, and / or a communication manager 806 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 806 is combined with... Figure 1 The described communication manager 140. As shown, device 800 can communicate with another device 808 (such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU or base station)) using receiving component 802 and transmitting component 804.

[0138] In some respects, device 800 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figures 5A to 5B One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, device 800 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein (such as...). Figure 6 The process 600) or a combination thereof. In some respects, Figure 8 The illustrated device 800 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described UE. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 8 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2 Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0139] Receiver 802 may receive communications from device 808, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 802 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 800. In some aspects, receiver 802 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 800. In some aspects, receiver 802 may include combinations of... Figure 2The described UE includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof.

[0140] Transmitting component 804 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 808. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 800 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 804 for transmission to device 808. In some aspects, transmitting component 804 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and can transmit the processed signal to device 808. In some aspects, transmitting component 804 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described UE may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 804 may co-located with the receive component 802 in one or more transceivers.

[0141] The communication manager 806 may support the operation of the receiving component 802 and / or the transmitting component 804. For example, the communication manager 806 may receive information associated with configuring the reception of communications by the receiving component 802 and / or the transmission of communications by the transmitting component 804. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 806 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 802 and / or the transmitting component 804 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0142] In some aspects, receiving component 802 may (e.g., from device 808) receive an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources to be measured. Transmitting component 804 may (e.g., to device 808) send a report including a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements. Each differential measurement in this set may be associated with a corresponding beam in this set of beams, and communication manager 806 may calculate each differential measurement relative to the reference measurements in this set of reference measurements associated with the QCL sources for the corresponding beams in this set of QCL sources. In some aspects, transmitting component 804 may (e.g., to device 808) send an additional report including the set of reference measurements.

[0143] In some respects, receiving component 802 may receive (e.g., from device 808) an instruction for a set of rules. Therefore, communication manager 806 may quantify the set of differential measurements according to that set of rules.

[0144] In some respects, receiving component 802 may (e.g., from device 808) receive indications of a subgroup of that set of beams. Thus, each differential measurement is associated with a corresponding beam in that subgroup of that set of beams.

[0145] In some respects, receiving component 802 may (e.g., from device 808) receive an indication of a subgroup of the set of QCL sources. Therefore, communication manager 806 may calculate each differential measurement relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in that subgroup of the set of QCL sources.

[0146] Figure 8 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, different arrangements may exist. Figure 8 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 8 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 8 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 8 The executable description of the collection of (one or more) components shown is composed of Figure 8 Another set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0147] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example device 900 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Device 900 may be a network node, or a network node may include device 900. In some aspects, device 900 includes a receiving component 902, a transmitting component 904, and / or a communication manager 906 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, the communication manager 906 is combined with... Figure 1 The described communication manager 150. As shown, device 900 can communicate with another device 908 (such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU or base station)) using receiving component 902 and transmitting component 904.

[0148] In some respects, device 900 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figures 5A to 5B One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, device 900 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein (such as...). Figure 7 The process 700) or a combination thereof. In some respects, Figure 9 The illustrated device 900 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described network node. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 9 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0149] Receiver 902 may receive communications from device 908, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 902 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 900. In some aspects, receiver 902 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.), and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 900. In some aspects, receiver 902 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described network node includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, receiver component 902 and / or transmitter component 904 may include or be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to acquire and / or output signals for device 900 via one or more communication links, such as backhaul links, midhaul links, and / or fronthaul links.

[0150] Transmitting component 904 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 908. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 900 can generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 904 for transmission to device 908. In some aspects, transmitting component 904 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and can transmit the processed signal to device 908. In some aspects, transmitting component 904 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described network node includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 904 may co-located with the receive component 902 in one or more transceivers.

[0151] The communication manager 906 may support the operation of the receiving component 902 and / or the transmitting component 904. For example, the communication manager 906 may receive information associated with configuring the reception of communications by the receiving component 902 and / or the transmission of communications by the transmitting component 904. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 906 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 902 and / or the transmitting component 904 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0152] In some aspects, transmitting component 904 may (e.g., to device 908) transmit an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of QCL sources for measurement by device 908. Receiving component 902 may (e.g., from device 908) receive a report including a set of differential measurements. Each differential measurement in this set may be associated with a corresponding beam in this set of beams and may have been calculated relative to a reference measurement in this set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source for the corresponding beam in this set of QCL sources. In some aspects, receiving component 902 may (e.g., from device 908) receive additional reports including this set of reference measurements.

[0153] In some respects, the transmitting component 904 may (e.g., to the device 908) send instructions for a set of rules. Thus, the set of differential measurements may have already been quantified according to that set of rules.

[0154] In some respects, transmitting component 904 may (e.g., to device 908) transmit an indication of a subgroup of that set of beams. Thus, each differential measurement may be associated with a corresponding beam in that subgroup of that set of beams.

[0155] In some respects, transmitting component 904 may (e.g., to device 908) send an indication of a subgroup of the set of QCL sources. Thus, each differential measurement may have been calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements that is associated with a QCL source in that subgroup of the set of QCL sources.

[0156] Figure 9 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, different arrangements may exist. Figure 9 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 9 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 9 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 9 The executable description of the collection of (one or more) components shown is composed of Figure 9 Another set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0157] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure.

[0158] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of quasi-co-located (QCL) sources to be measured; and transmitting a report comprising a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the corresponding beam.

[0159] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the set of reference measurements includes a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, and the set of differential measurements includes RSRP differential values.

[0160] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein each beam in the set of beams corresponds to a corresponding single QCL source in the set of QCL sources, and wherein each differential measurement in the set of differential measurements corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

[0161] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein each QCL source in the set of QCL sources corresponds to one or more beams in the set of beams and corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

[0162] Aspect 5: The method described in any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the report is included in a layer 1 (L1) message.

[0163] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, the method further comprising: sending an additional report including the set of reference measurements.

[0164] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the set of differential measurements is quantized according to a set of rules stored in the memory of the UE.

[0165] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, the method further comprising: receiving an instruction for a set of rules, wherein the set of differential measurements is quantized according to the set of rules.

[0166] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of a subgroup of the set of beams, wherein each differential measurement is associated with a corresponding beam in the subgroup of the set of beams.

[0167] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: receiving an instruction for a subgroup of the set of QCL sources, wherein each differential measurement is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the subgroup of the set of QCL sources.

[0168] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the set of differential measurements includes at least one positive differential value quantized according to a first rule.

[0169] Aspect 12: According to the method of aspect 11, wherein the set of differential measurements includes at least one negative differential value quantized according to a second rule different from the first rule.

[0170] Aspect 13: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: transmitting an indication of a set of beams associated with a set of quasi-co-located (QCL) sources for measurement by a user equipment (UE); and receiving a report comprising a set of differential measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in a set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the corresponding beam.

[0171] Aspect 14: According to the method of aspect 13, wherein the set of reference measurements includes a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, and the set of differential measurements includes RSRP differential values.

[0172] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 14, wherein each beam in the set of beams corresponds to a corresponding single QCL source in the set of QCL sources, and wherein each differential measurement in the set of differential measurements corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

[0173] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 15, wherein each QCL source in the set of QCL sources corresponds to one or more beams in the set of beams and corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

[0174] Aspect 17: The method described in any one of aspects 13 to 16, wherein the report is included in a layer 1 (L1) message.

[0175] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 17, the method further comprising: receiving an additional report including the set of reference measurements.

[0176] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 18, wherein the set of differential measurements is quantized according to a set of rules, and the set of rules is stored in the memory of the network node.

[0177] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 19, the method further comprising: sending an instruction for a set of rules, wherein the set of differential measurements is quantized according to the set of rules.

[0178] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 20, the method further comprising: transmitting an indication of a subgroup of the set of beams, wherein each differential measurement is associated with a corresponding beam in the subgroup of the set of beams.

[0179] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 21, the method further comprising: sending an indication to a subgroup of the set of QCL sources, wherein each differential measurement is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the subgroup of the set of QCL sources.

[0180] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 22, wherein the set of differential measurements includes at least one positive differential value quantized according to a first rule.

[0181] Aspect 24: According to the method of aspect 23, wherein the set of differential measurements includes at least one negative differential value quantized according to a second rule different from the first rule.

[0182] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 24.

[0183] Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 24.

[0184] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 24.

[0185] Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the methods described in one or more of aspects 1 to 24.

[0186] Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 24.

[0187] Aspect 30: A device for wireless communication, the device including a processing system comprising one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 24.

[0188] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 24.

[0189] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations can be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or from various aspects of practice.

[0190] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. "Software" should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable programs, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other terms. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems or methods described herein may be implemented in various forms of hardware or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limited in any way. Therefore, the operation and behavior of these systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems or methods, at least in part, based on the description herein. Unless otherwise stated, a component configured to perform a function means that the component has the capability to perform that function, but it is not necessary for the component to actually perform that function.

[0191] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0192] As used in this article, the phrase “at least one of” in a list of items refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of the following: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiple of the same element (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0193] No element, action, or instruction used herein should be construed as essential or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “one or more.” Similarly, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items mentioned in connection with the article “the” and is interchangeable with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “group” and “cluster” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “one or more.” If only one item is desired, the phrase “only one” or similar terminology will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “having” and similar terms are intended as open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., “having” A may also have B). Additionally, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise related to” unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used consecutively and is interchangeable with “and / or” unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with “either of the two” or “only one of them”). It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one”.

[0194] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims or disclosed in the description, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically stated in the claims or disclosed in the description. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the claim set.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to: Receive indication of a set of beams associated with a set of quasi-co-located (QCL) sources to be measured; and A report is sent comprising a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the corresponding beam.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of reference measurements includes a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, and the set of differential measurements includes RSRP differential values.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each beam in the set of beams corresponds to a corresponding single QCL source in the set of QCL sources, and wherein each differential measurement in the set of differential measurements corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each QCL source in the set of QCL sources corresponds to one or more beams in the set of beams and corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the report is included in a Layer 1 (L1) message.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: Send an additional report that includes the aforementioned set of benchmark measurements.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of differential measurements is quantized according to a set of rules stored in the one or more memories.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: Receive instructions for a set of rules. The set of differential measurements is quantified according to the set of rules.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: Receive instructions for a subgroup of the set of beams. Each differential measurement is associated with a corresponding beam in the subgroup of the set of beams.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: Receive an instruction for a subgroup of the set of QCL sources. Each differential measurement is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements that is associated with a QCL source in the subgroup of the set of QCL sources.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of differential measurements includes at least one positive differential value quantized according to a first rule.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the set of differential measurements includes at least one negative differential value quantized according to a second rule different from the first rule.

13. A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receive instructions for a set of beams associated with a set of quasi-co-located (QCL) sources to be measured; as well as A report is sent comprising a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the corresponding beam.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein each beam in the set of beams corresponds to a corresponding single QCL source in the set of QCL sources, and wherein each differential measurement in the set of differential measurements corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein each QCL source in the set of QCL sources corresponds to one or more beams in the set of beams and corresponds to a corresponding single reference measurement in the set of reference measurements.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the report is included in a Layer 1 (L1) message.

17. The method according to claim 13, further comprising: Send an additional report that includes the aforementioned set of benchmark measurements.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the set of differential measurements includes at least one positive differential value quantized according to a first rule.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the set of differential measurements includes at least one negative differential value quantized according to a second rule different from the first rule.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising: One or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: Receive indication of a set of beams associated with a set of quasi-co-located (QCL) sources to be measured; and A report is sent comprising a set of differential measurements relative to a set of reference measurements, wherein each differential measurement in the set is associated with a corresponding beam in the set of beams and is calculated relative to a reference measurement in the set of reference measurements associated with a QCL source in the set of QCL sources for the corresponding beam.

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