Communication method, first device, second device, system, medium, and program product

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a communication method, a first device, a second device, a system, a medium and a program product. The communication method comprises: receiving first information, the first information being used to determine a second device identification value; the first information comprising a first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identification value being determined based on bits carried in at least one of the first broadcast information and the periodic synchronization signal sequence; or the first information comprising a second broadcast information, the second device identification value being determined based on bits carried in the second broadcast information. Through the present disclosure, the second device identification value can be determined simply and efficiently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to communication methods, first devices, second devices, systems, media, and program products. Background Technology

[0002] The communication system can communicate via Ambient IoT (AIoT).

[0003] In discussions of AIoT, the periodic synchronization signal for Reader-to-Device (R2D) is a binary sequence that can carry device identification values ​​or be used to determine device identification values. Summary of the Invention

[0004] There is a problem in communication systems where device identification values ​​cannot be determined efficiently.

[0005] This disclosure provides embodiments of a communication method, a first device, a second device, a system, a medium, and a program product.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is proposed, the method comprising: receiving first information, the first information being used to determine a second device identification value; the first information comprising first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identification value being determined based on at least one bit carried in the first broadcast information and the periodic synchronization signal sequence; or the first information comprising second broadcast information, the second device identification value being determined based on bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0007] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is provided, the method comprising: sending first information, the first information being used to determine a second device identification value; the first information comprising first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identification value being determined based on at least one bit carried in the first broadcast information and the periodic synchronization signal sequence; or the first information comprising second broadcast information, the second device identification value being determined based on bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0008] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided for performing the communication method described in any one of the first and second aspects.

[0009] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided, including a first device and a second device, wherein the first device is configured to implement the communication method described in the first aspect, and the second device is configured to implement the communication method described in the second aspect.

[0010] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions which, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform a communication method as described in the first aspect and any one thereof, or the second aspect and any one thereof.

[0011] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a program product is provided, comprising at least one of a program and instructions, wherein the program and instructions, when executed by a communication device, implement the communication method described in any one of the first and second aspects.

[0012] This disclosure improves the efficiency of the communication system in determining the second device identifier value by receiving first information and determining the second device identifier value through the first broadcast information and the periodic synchronization signal sequence in the first information, or through the second broadcast information in the first information. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the environmental energy Internet of Things (IoT) communication principle according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the backscatter communication principle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 1D This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of resistive load modulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 1E This is a schematic diagram of ASK modulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 1F This is a schematic diagram of topology 1 shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 1G This is a schematic diagram of topology 2 shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a communication method interaction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of the terminal structure proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the network device proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of the chip structure proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] This disclosure provides embodiments of a communication method, a first device, a second device, a system, a medium, and a program product.

[0028] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure propose a communication method, the method comprising: receiving first information, the first information being used to determine a second device identification value; the first information comprising first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identification value being determined based on at least one bit carried in the first broadcast information and the periodic synchronization signal sequence; or the first information comprising second broadcast information, the second device identification value being determined based on bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0029] In the above embodiments, a first piece of information is received, which includes a first broadcast message and a periodic synchronization signal sequence. A second device identifier value is determined based on at least one bit carried in the first broadcast message and the periodic synchronization signal sequence; or the first message includes a second broadcast message, and the second device identifier value is determined based on the bits carried in the second broadcast message. On the one hand, determining the second device identifier value through one of these two methods improves flexibility; on the other hand, determining the second device identifier value through the carried bits improves the efficiency of the communication system in determining the second device identifier value.

[0030] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, when the first information includes a first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identifier value is determined based on at least one of the following: a first number of bits, the first number of bits being bits carried in the first broadcast information; a first value, the first value being bits carried in the periodic synchronization signal sequence in the first information; and a second value, the second value being the number of types of periodic synchronization signal sequences supported by the first device.

[0031] In the above embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits, a first value, and a second value, thereby improving the utilization rate of the first number of bits, the first value, and the second value, and facilitating the efficient determination of the second device identifier value.

[0032] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits, a first value, and a second value in the following manner: the bit value of the first number of bits is determined as a third value; the second device identifier value is determined based on the first value, the second value, and the third value.

[0033] In the above embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on the first value, the second value, and the third value, which facilitates unified processing by the first device and reduces computational complexity.

[0034] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value, the first value, the second value, and the third value satisfy a first expression: M-1 = K*N1 + N2; where M is the second device identifier value, K is the second value, N1 is the third value, and N2 is the first value.

[0035] In the above embodiments, the uniqueness of the second device identifier value is guaranteed.

[0036] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a first value in the following manner: the bit value of the first number of bits is determined as a third value; a fourth value is determined based on the third value; and the second device identifier value is determined based on the first value, the third value, and the fourth value.

[0037] In the above embodiments, a fourth value is introduced to determine the second device identification value by using the first value, the third value, and the fourth value, thereby improving the flexibility of determining the second device identification value.

[0038] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value, the first value, the third value, and the fourth value satisfy a second expression: M-1 = N2 * L + N1; where M is the second device identifier value, L is the fourth value, N1 is the third value, N2 is the first value, and N1 = L-1.

[0039] In the above embodiment, N1 = L-1, and the second device identifier value is determined based on the second expression, thereby simplifying the calculation process and improving calculation efficiency by using the condition N1 = L-1.

[0040] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a second value in the following manner: based on the second value, a fifth value is obtained; based on the first number of bits, a first number is determined as a sixth value; based on the fifth value and the sixth value, the second device identifier value is determined.

[0041] In the above embodiments, a fifth value and a sixth value are introduced to determine the second device identifier value, thereby improving the stability of the communication system in determining the second device identifier value.

[0042] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second value and the fifth value satisfy a third expression: X = {round up [log2(K)]}, where X is the fifth value and K is the second value; the second device identifier value, the fifth value, and the sixth value satisfy a fourth expression: X + Y = {round up [log2(M)]}; where M is the second device identifier value, X is the fifth value, and Y is the sixth value.

[0043] In the above embodiments, the introduction of logarithms through the above expressions can reduce computational complexity.

[0044] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, X is a high bit in a second number of bits, and Y is a low bit in a second number of bits; or X is a low bit in a second number of bits, and Y is a high bit in a second number of bits; wherein, the value of X+Y is equal to the bit value of the second number of bits, and the second number of bits is the sum of the bits of X and Y.

[0045] In the above embodiments, the bit order is flexibly adjusted to optimize resource utilization.

[0046] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, when the first information includes second broadcast information, the second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits; the third number of bits are bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0047] In the above embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined by the bits carried in the second broadcast information, which simplifies the steps of determining the second device identifier value and reduces complexity.

[0048] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits in the following manner: the bit values ​​of the third number of bits are determined as a seventh value; the second device identifier value is determined based on the seventh value.

[0049] In the above embodiments, a seventh value is introduced, and the second device identification value is determined based on the seventh value to reduce calculation latency.

[0050] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value and the seventh value satisfy the fifth expression: Z = {rounded up [log2(M)]}; where M is the second device identifier value and Z is the seventh value.

[0051] In the above embodiments, the above expressions improve the computational efficiency of the communication system.

[0052] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include at least one of the following: a first system information MIB; and a second system information SIB.

[0053] In the above embodiments, the compatible system information structure can reduce costs.

[0054] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include a MIB and a SIB; the MIB includes a fourth number of high bits carrying the second device identifier value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of low bits carrying the second device identifier value; or the MIB includes a fourth number of low bits carrying the second device identifier value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of high bits carrying the second device identifier value; wherein the sum of the fourth number and the fifth number is a first number.

[0055] In the above embodiments, the utilization rates of the first system information and the second system information can be balanced.

[0056] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided, the method comprising: sending first information, the first information being used to determine a second device identification value; the first information comprising first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identification value being determined based on at least one bit carried in the first broadcast information and the periodic synchronization signal sequence; or the first information comprising second broadcast information, the second device identification value being determined based on bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0057] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, when the first information includes a first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identifier value is determined based on at least one of the following: a first number of bits, the first number of bits being bits carried in the first broadcast information; a first value, the first value being bits carried in the periodic synchronization signal sequence in the first information; and a second value, the second value being the number of types of periodic synchronization signal sequences supported by the first device.

[0058] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits, a first value, and a second value in the following manner: the bit value of the first number of bits is determined as a third value; the second device identifier value is determined based on the first value, the second value, and the third value.

[0059] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value, the first value, the second value, and the third value satisfy a first expression: M-1 = K*N1 + N2; where M is the second device identifier value, K is the second value, N1 is the third value, and N2 is the first value.

[0060] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a first value in the following manner: the bit value of the first number of bits is determined as a third value; a fourth value is determined based on the third value; and the second device identifier value is determined based on the first value, the third value, and the fourth value.

[0061] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value, the first value, the third value, and the fourth value satisfy a second expression: M-1 = N2 * L + N1; where M is the second device identifier value, L is the fourth value, N1 is the third value, N2 is the first value, and N1 = L-1.

[0062] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a second value in the following manner: based on the second value, a fifth value is obtained; based on the first number of bits, a first number is determined as a sixth value; based on the fifth value and the sixth value, the second device identifier value is determined.

[0063] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second value and the fifth value satisfy a third expression: X = {round up [log2(K)]}, where X is the fifth value and K is the second value; the second device identifier value, the fifth value, and the sixth value satisfy a fourth expression: X + Y = {round up [log2(M)]}; where M is the second device identifier value, X is the fifth value, and Y is the sixth value.

[0064] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, X is a high bit among a second number of bits, and Y is a low bit among a second number of bits; or X is a low bit among a second number of bits, and Y is a high bit among a second number of bits; wherein, the value of X+Y is equal to the bit value of the second number of bits, and the second number of bits is the sum of the bits of X and Y.

[0065] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, when the first information includes second broadcast information, the second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits; the third number of bits are bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0066] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits in the following manner: the bit values ​​of the third number of bits are determined as a seventh value; the second device identifier value is determined based on the seventh value.

[0067] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second device identifier value and the seventh value satisfy the fifth expression: Z = {rounded up [log2(M)]}; where M is the second device identifier value and Z is the seventh value.

[0068] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first broadcast information includes at least one of the following: a first system information MIB; a second system information SIB.

[0069] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first broadcast information includes a MIB and a SIB; the MIB includes a fourth number of high bits carrying the second device identifier value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of low bits carrying the second device identifier value; or the MIB includes a fourth number of low bits carrying the second device identifier value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of high bits carrying the second device identifier value; wherein the sum of the fourth number and the fifth number is the first number.

[0070] Thirdly, a communication device is provided, the communication device being used to perform the communication method described in any one of the first and second aspects.

[0071] Fourthly, a communication system is provided, including a first device and a second device, wherein the first device is configured to implement the communication method described in the first aspect, and the second device is configured to implement the communication method described in the second aspect.

[0072] Fifthly, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions, which, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform a communication method as described in the first aspect and any one thereof, or the second aspect and any one thereof.

[0073] In a sixth aspect, a program product is provided, comprising at least one of a program and instructions, wherein the program and instructions, when executed by a communication device, implement the communication method described in any one of the first and second aspects.

[0074] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0075] Eighthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry configured to perform the method described according to an optional implementation of the first or second aspect above.

[0076] It is understood that the first device, second device, terminal, access network device, first network element, other network elements, core network device, communication system, storage medium, program product, computer program, chip or chip system involved in the various embodiments of this disclosure are all used to execute the methods proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0077] This disclosure provides embodiments of a communication method, a first device, a second device, a system, a medium, and a program product. In some embodiments, terms such as information processing method and communication method may be used interchangeably, as may terms such as information processing apparatus and first device, second device, and information processing system and communication system.

[0078] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementation methods in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, for example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments. In all embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referenced. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0079] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0080] In this embodiment of the disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0081] In the embodiments disclosed herein, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0082] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of A or B, at least one of A and B”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0083] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether there is a branch B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether there is a branch A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, both A and B are executed. The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0084] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions, depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether a branch B exists); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether a branch A exists); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.

[0085] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. The description of the descriptive objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "field," the ordinal numbers preceding "field" in "first field" and "second field" do not restrict the position or order of the "fields." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first field" and "second field." Similarly, if the descriptive object is a "level," the ordinal numbers preceding "level" in "first level" and "second level" do not restrict the priority between "levels." Furthermore, the number of descriptive objects is not limited by ordinal numbers and can be one or more. For example, in "first device," the number of "devices" can be one or more. Furthermore, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the object being described is "device", then "first device" and "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different. Similarly, if the object being described is "information", then "first information" and "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their content can be the same or different.

[0086] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0087] In some embodiments, terms such as "time / frequency" and "time-frequency domain" refer to the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0088] In some embodiments, terms such as “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “when…”, “if…”, etc. can be used interchangeably. These descriptions all refer to the device making a corresponding action under certain objective circumstances. They do not necessarily limit the time, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when implementing it, nor do they mean that there must be other limitations.

[0089] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than,” “greater than or equal to,” “not less than,” “more than,” “more than or equal to,” “not less than,” “higher than,” “higher than or equal to,” “not lower than,” and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not greater than,” “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not more than,” “lower than,” “lower than or equal to,” “not higher than,” and “below”.

[0090] In some embodiments, devices, etc., may be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to those described in the embodiments. Terms such as “device,” “equipment,” “circuit,” “network element,” “network function,” “network device,” “function,” “node,” “unit,” “section,” “system,” “network,” “chip,” “chip system,” “entity,” and “subject” are interchangeable.

[0091] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in a network (e.g., access network devices, core network devices, etc.).

[0092] In some embodiments, the terms "access network device (AN device)," "radio access network device (RAN device)," "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "node," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "antenna panel," "antenna array," "cell," "macro cell," "small cell," "femto cell," "pico cell," "sector," "cell group," "serving cell," "carrier," "component carrier," and "bandwidth part (BWP)" can be used interchangeably.

[0093] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriberstation, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, and client can be used interchangeably.

[0094] In some embodiments, access network devices, core network devices, or network devices can be replaced by terminals. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between access network devices, core network devices, or network devices and terminals is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the terminal has all or part of the functions of the access network device. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can be replaced with sidelink channel, and uplink link, downlink, etc., can be replaced with sidelink link.

[0095] In some embodiments, the terminal may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, core network device, or network device may also be configured to have all or some of the functions of the terminal.

[0096] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0097] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0098] Furthermore, each element, each row, or each column in the table of this disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and any combination of any element, any row, or any column can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0099] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0100] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 includes a first device 101 and a second device 102.

[0101] In some embodiments, the first device 101 may be an environmental IoT device, which may be a terminal or a network device.

[0102] In some embodiments, the second device 102 may be a reader / writer, which may be a terminal or a network device.

[0103] In some embodiments, the terminal includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: mobile phone, wearable device, Internet of Things device, car with communication function, smart car, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, wireless terminal device in industrial control, wireless terminal device in self-driving, wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal device in smart grid, wireless terminal device in transportation safety, wireless terminal device in smart city, and wireless terminal device in smart home.

[0104] In some embodiments, the network device may include at least one of an access network device and a core network device.

[0105] In some embodiments, the access network device is, for example, a node or device that connects a terminal to a wireless network. The access network device may include at least one of the following in a 5G communication system: evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), node B (NB), home node B (HNB), home evolved node B (HeNB), radio backhaul device, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base band unit (BBU), mobile switching center, base station in a 6G communication system, open RAN, cloud RAN, base station in other communication systems, and access node in a Wi-Fi system, but is not limited thereto.

[0106] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within access network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0107] In some embodiments, the access network device may be composed of a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU may also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layer of the access network device. Some of the protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU and centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0108] In some embodiments, a core network device may be a single device comprising one or more network elements, or it may be multiple devices or a group of devices, each comprising all or part of the aforementioned one or more network elements. Network elements may be virtual or physical. The core network may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a 6G Core Network (6GCN), and a Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0109] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0110] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to Figure 1A The communication system 100 shown, or a part thereof, but not limited to it. Figure 1A The entities shown are illustrative; a communication system may include... Figure 1A All or part of the main body, or may include Figure 1A Other entities besides the main body, the number and form of each entity are arbitrary, each entity can be physical or virtual, the connection relationship between the entities is illustrative, the entities can be unconnected or connected, and the connection can be in any way, it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, it can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0111] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), 5G New Radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Future Generation Radio Access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (a registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0112] In some embodiments, the current state of IoT development is as follows: Since the 1990s, mobile communication technology has flourished. Digital mobile communication has evolved through 2G, 3G, 4G, and now 5G, effectively meeting people's needs in voice communication, digital mobile communication, and mobile broadband internet communication. However, with social and economic development, the demand for IoT communication has gradually emerged. Since 2010, technologies and standards related to IoT have been gradually developed. Among them, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) standardized a series of IoT technologies, including Machine Type Communications (MTC), Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT), and Reduced Capability UE (RedCap). MTC and NB-IoT significantly reduce the cost of IoT terminals by employing technologies such as small bandwidth, single antenna, reduced peak rate, half-duplex, and reduced transmit power. Furthermore, the introduction of enhanced discontinuous reception (eDRX) and power saving mode (PSM) greatly reduces the power consumption of IoT terminals. Meanwhile, MTC and NB-IoT can support a large number of IoT terminals to access the network, thereby meeting the demand for massive connectivity.

[0113] NB-IoT is a low-power wide-area network technology with four key characteristics: low cost, low power consumption, strong coverage, and massive connectivity. It is largely based on the non-backward-compatible Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) standard, with a coverage target of a maximum coupling loss (MCL) of 164dB, significantly enhancing indoor coverage and supporting a large number of low-throughput, low-latency-sensitive devices. NB-IoT supports three operating modes: in-band, standalone, and guardband. Both uplink and downlink RF bandwidths are 180kHz. Downlink uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology based on a 15kHz subcarrier spacing, while uplink uses Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) technology, supporting both single-tone and multi-tone transmission. The enhanced version of NB-IoT supports a wealth of functions such as multi-carrier, positioning, multicast, wake-up signal, and fast small data transmission, and can coexist with LTE and NR systems.

[0114] Enhanced Machine Type Communications (eMTC) is an enhanced version of LTE-Machine-to-Machine (LTE-M) and is an IoT technology evolved from LTE. It is also a low-cost, low-power wide-area network (WAN) technology. Compared to NB-IoT, eMTC has slightly weaker coverage, targeting an MCL of 156dB, but it can support higher transmission rates, some mobility, and voice services. eMTC has an uplink and downlink RF bandwidth of 1.4MHz and can support a maximum peak rate of 1Mbps.

[0115] RedCap, short for Reduced Capability, is a new technology standard based on 5G NR. Simply put, RedCap is lightweight 5G. The large-scale industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) use cases described by 5G requirements not only include ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services with very high requirements, but also relatively low-end applications requiring small device size, support for fully wireless transmission, and battery life of several years. These applications have higher requirements than Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) (i.e., LTE-M / NB-IoT), but lower than URLLC and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). Furthermore, surveillance cameras in smart city scenarios requiring 5G, as well as wearable device use cases such as smartwatches, electronic health-related devices, and medical monitoring equipment, all exhibit characteristics of small device size, simplified functionality, and the need to connect to the 5G radio access network and core network, urgently requiring the introduction of lower-cost, simplified 5G NR terminals.

[0116] In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) based on NB-IoT and eMTC technologies has been widely tested and commercialized, such as in smart grids, smart parking, smart transportation / logistics, and smart energy management systems. It covers many vertical fields such as smart cities, smart homes, and smart factories, and has rapidly promoted the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries.

[0117] In some embodiments, a key technological advantage of ambient IoT communication is its battery-free communication. Utilizing key technologies such as radio frequency energy harvesting, backscattering, and low-power computing, terminals can operate without batteries, supporting extremely low hardware complexity. Therefore, ambient IoT communication can meet the demands for ultra-low power consumption, extremely small size, and extremely low cost. It is foreseeable that ambient IoT technology will have significant application advantages in a wide range of fields. These include applications in vertical industries such as industrial sensor networks, intelligent transportation, smart logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, smart cities, and the energy sector, as well as applications for individual consumers such as smart wearables, smart homes, and healthcare. This section will select some typical scenarios to illustrate the application potential of ambient IoT communication in these areas.

[0118] In some embodiments, typical application scenarios for environmental energy IoT communication include the following:

[0119] Typical scenario 1: Logistics and warehousing.

[0120] With the sustained and stable development of China's economy and its ever-growing economic scale, the scale of logistics has expanded accordingly. Logistics is a crucial link in the commodity circulation supply chain and occupies an important position in the national economy, while warehousing is a core component of modern logistics. In logistics and warehousing applications, large quantities of packaging / goods need to be frequently transferred, stored, loaded, unloaded, and inventoried in logistics stations or warehouses (tens of thousands of square meters). Along with warehouse ordering, goods receiving, goods management, and goods issuing, a large amount of warehousing information is generated, typically characterized by frequent data retrieval operations and large data volumes. To digitally manage logistics packages / goods and improve the efficiency of logistics and warehousing management, communication terminal labels are usually affixed to the surface of the package / goods packaging for acquiring logistics information and managing the entire logistics process. Therefore, a compact terminal size is more advantageous for industry applications. At the same time, due to the huge number of goods and considerations of economics and competitiveness, express delivery or warehouse suppliers can only accept communication terminals with extremely low costs. The warehousing and logistics industry is complex and involves numerous steps, but it is already a highly automated industry. Using RFID-based tags, administrators can electronically record, query, and track goods. However, the workload remains enormous because each tag needs to be read sequentially using specialized equipment. There is a growing expectation for smarter and more efficient communication technologies to help achieve truly smart logistics and smart warehousing. Environmental energy IoT devices are characterized by extremely low cost, small size, maintenance-free operation, durability, and long lifespan. In logistics and warehousing, utilizing environmental energy IoT devices to record, store, and update cargo information, and building environmental energy IoT-based logistics and warehousing systems, can further reduce operating costs, significantly improve the efficiency of logistics and warehousing management, and contribute to the realization of smart logistics and smart warehousing.

[0121] Specifically, environmental energy IoT technology can achieve smart warehouse management and improve warehouse efficiency and productivity in the following ways:

[0122] Batch Reading: Supports simultaneous reading of a larger number of IoT tags in a given environment. When goods arrive at the warehouse, the wireless tags attached to the goods can be read in batches (e.g., thousands of tags per second) to accurately obtain product information such as size / weight, manufacturer, expiration date, serial number, production line, etc., which can help improve the efficiency and accuracy of logistics and warehousing.

[0123] Wide-range read / write: Supports a wider read / write range. Within the warehouse, deploying one or a few network devices can achieve comprehensive IoT tag communication coverage across the entire warehouse environment. Wireless tags attached to goods or containers store their basic information and location within the warehouse. By setting up a central network node within the warehouse, all goods can be identified quickly and easily, facilitating rapid inventory checks and enabling managers to understand inventory distribution and total volume in a timely manner, as well as quickly predict storage needs.

[0124] Handling Management: Capable of locating and updating tags. As goods move within the warehouse, network devices can promptly identify and update tag information. When specific goods need to be picked, their location can be quickly pinpointed throughout the warehouse, significantly improving sorting efficiency.

[0125] End-user requirements:

[0126] Environmental energy IoT terminals are generally simple electronic tags; since they are typically used on a large scale (each item will be tagged), their cost, size, and power consumption need to be carefully considered.

[0127] Tag power consumption: Passive tags, no battery replacement or other related maintenance issues involved;

[0128] Labeling costs: Due to the large number of goods in logistics and warehousing, extremely low costs are required;

[0129] Tag size: Extremely small size, suitable for large-scale applications;

[0130] Communication range: Supports communication over a range of tens to hundreds of meters.

[0131] Network requirements:

[0132] Based on cellular network infrastructure, flexible deployment is possible: network equipment can be deployed at outdoor pole stations or indoors at intervals with DIS stations to provide basic coverage; coverage can be supplemented or extended as needed.

[0133] Coverage requirements: Coverage distance requirements for a single station (indoor > 30m, outdoor > 100m);

[0134] Cybersecurity: Tag reading is based on authorization to protect privacy and data security;

[0135] Reading efficiency: Due to the large number of goods, a large number of tags need to be detected simultaneously (e.g., thousands per second).

[0136] Typical scenario 2: Smart home.

[0137] Smart homes use the residence as a platform, connecting various devices within the home through the Internet of Things (IoT) to build an efficient and livable system. Smart homes utilize various functions and methods such as automatic control of home appliances, lighting control, temperature control, and anti-theft and alarm control to make the home environment safer, more convenient, and more comfortable. Sensors and small devices in smart homes can communicate based on backscattering technology.

[0138] Environmental energy IoT communication can operate without batteries or charging, significantly increasing the lifespan of corresponding devices in smart homes and reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, its ultra-low cost, extremely small size, washability, and flexible / foldable form factor allow for highly flexible deployment in smart homes, such as embedding it in walls, ceilings, and furniture, or attaching it to keys, passports, clothing, and shoes. Based on these advantages, environmental energy IoT communication can expand the application scenarios of smart homes, making it extremely attractive to the smart home industry.

[0139] Some typical scenarios for using ambient energy IoT technology in smart homes are as follows:

[0140] Item Locator: These extremely small, washable, flexible, and foldable environmentally friendly IoT devices can be attached to easily lost items in the home, such as keys, passports, bank cards, and wallets. When these items need to be found, they can be quickly located and located.

[0141] Environmental monitoring and alarms: Environmental energy IoT devices are integrated with sensors to monitor indoor temperature, humidity, and other environmental parameters, and can also be used for emergency alarms such as gas leaks. The battery-free nature of these devices significantly increases their lifespan, making them maintenance-free.

[0142] Intelligent Control: Integrating environmental IoT devices and sensors enables intelligent control of home appliances. For example, it can control the on / off switches of washing machines, air conditioners, televisions, curtains, etc. Tags embedded / attached to doors and furniture can also be used to navigate home robots, providing more precise control.

[0143] Typical scenario 3: Smart wearables.

[0144] Smart wearables are consumer-centric, wirelessly connecting various devices worn by consumers through IoT technology. They have been applied in multiple fields (such as health monitoring, activity recognition, assistive living, mobile sensing, smart clothing, and indoor positioning). Currently, mainstream product forms include wrist-supported watches (including watches and wristbands), foot-supported footwear (including shoes, socks, and future leg-wearing products), and head-supported eyewear (including glasses, helmets, and headbands). In addition, there are various non-mainstream product forms such as smart clothing, backpacks, canes, and accessories.

[0145] Battery-powered smart wearable devices often have relatively short battery life. Enabling more functions further increases power consumption, requiring users to charge frequently to ensure normal operation. This significantly impacts the user experience.

[0146] Environmentally friendly IoT terminals possess excellent characteristics such as extremely low cost, extremely small size, extremely low power consumption (battery-free), flexibility, foldability, and washability, making them particularly suitable for smart wearable scenarios and easily accepted by consumer-related industries (such as kindergartens and garment factories). On one hand, environmentally friendly IoT devices obtain energy through energy harvesting, eliminating the need for batteries and fundamentally solving the problem of frequent charging required for smart wearable devices. On the other hand, their low cost, small size, and soft, washable, and foldable materials greatly enhance wearing comfort and user experience.

[0147] The following are some applications of environmental energy IoT in the field of smart wearables:

[0148] Health monitoring: Environmental energy IoT devices and sensors are integrated and embedded in wearable products such as wristbands, shoes, and socks to monitor health and provide timely feedback on a person's physical condition. Data such as sleep status, weight information, heart rate, and blood pressure are monitored and collected.

[0149] Location and Tracking: Ambient energy IoT devices can be integrated with location services for monitoring the elderly, children, or hospital patients, enabling location and tracking in case of loss. More comfortable materials optimize the wearing experience, while passive ultra-low power consumption significantly extends battery life.

[0150] Portable payment: Linked to personal information, it can be used for convenient payments such as taking public transportation, subways, and shopping.

[0151] End-user requirements: The environmental energy IoT terminal should take the form of an electronic tag, which can integrate memory for data storage and retrieval or sensors for sensing information collection. From a wearable perspective, it should be small in size, battery-free, waterproof, and have a flexible, foldable design.

[0152] In some embodiments, the communication technology principle of the environmental energy IoT is as follows: Environmental energy IoT devices mainly combine radio frequency energy harvesting technology, backscattering technology, and low-power computing technology to achieve the advantage that device nodes do not carry power supply batteries. For example... Figure 1B As shown, Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the communication principle of an environmental energy Internet of Things (IoT) according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The terminal obtains the energy to drive its operation through energy harvesting. Low-power computing and backscattering technology are used to demodulate and modulate the signal. The core of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is the conversion of RF energy into DC. This energy can be stored in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor) or directly used to drive logic circuits, digital chips, or sensors, completing functions such as modulation and transmission of backscattered signals, and acquisition and processing of sensor information.

[0153] In backscatter-based environmental energy IoT communication systems, a backscatter transmitter modulates and reflects received radio frequency (RF) signals to transmit data, rather than generating its own RF signals. This technology has been widely used in practical production, such as in radio frequency identification (RFID), tracking devices, remote switches, medical telemetry, and low-cost sensor networks.

[0154] In some embodiments, the basic principle of energy harvesting is to collect electromagnetic wave energy in space through electromagnetic induction. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting essentially converts RF energy into direct current (DC) voltage. In environmental energy IoT communication, the core requirement for energy harvesting is to effectively use the harvested energy to drive load circuits (low-power computing, sensors, etc.) to achieve battery-free communication.

[0155] With technological advancements, the processes and efficiency of radio frequency energy harvesting have improved, but several challenges remain:

[0156] 1) Due to the multipath propagation effect of electromagnetic waves, the uneven distribution of energy in space and time, and various interferences, the radio frequency energy density that can be collected in the wireless environment is extremely low (less than 10nW / cm2). The radio frequency energy that can be effectively collected needs to meet a certain input power.

[0157] 2) To drive logic circuits or chips and other computing units, the DC voltage converted from the harvested energy generally needs to meet the minimum output voltage requirements and be converted into a stable DC voltage. Improving energy harvesting efficiency, especially ensuring that the harvested energy can still drive the circuit under low input voltage conditions, is a key issue that needs to be addressed.

[0158] 3) How to rationally manage the harvested or stored energy to drive terminal operation. The efficiency of converting RF energy harvested into DC energy at low power is a challenge in the design of environmental energy IoT devices. Current experimental research shows that it is generally difficult to effectively harvest and rectify RF signals with input power below -30dBm into usable DC voltage. The RF energy conversion efficiency varies depending on the input power and energy harvesting circuit design; for example, the energy conversion efficiency at a low input power of -20dBm is often less than 10%, while at around -1dBm, the conversion efficiency is close to 50%. Given current technology, driving low-power computing circuits requires approximately 10uW of power. To meet even the simplest low-power computing and backscatter communication requirements, improving energy harvesting efficiency under low input power conditions is one of the most important tasks in the research and development of environmental energy IoT communication systems.

[0159] A radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system mainly consists of a receiving antenna, an RF rectifier, and an energy storage module. The receiving antenna collects electromagnetic wave energy from the environment and then inputs it as an RF AC signal to the rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit converts the RF AC energy into DC energy, which is then stored using a battery or capacitor to provide DC power to subsequent circuits and application loads. The receiving antenna and rectifier circuit are the core components of the system, directly determining the power and energy conversion efficiency obtainable from RF energy harvesting.

[0160] Antennas are responsible for collecting radio frequency (RF) energy in free space. To obtain more power, it is usually necessary to collect energy over the widest possible frequency band. In typical environments, the direction of arrival and polarization of RF energy signals are uncertain; therefore, designing omnidirectional or circularly polarized antennas can reduce sensitivity to antenna placement angles. However, in other applications, such as near base stations or repeaters, where the direction and polarization of the RF energy source are known, using directional antennas or linearly polarized receiving methods can achieve higher reception efficiency and power.

[0161] The key technologies for radio frequency energy harvesting antennas include the following aspects:

[0162] 1) Miniaturized Antenna Technology. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technology, used in sensors and wearable electronics, is highly sensitive to the size of the rectifier antenna. Therefore, miniaturized antennas need to be designed to meet the overall size requirements of the terminal device. Antenna size depends on the electromagnetic wavelength. For existing RF energy bands in the environment (e.g., 0.7–2.5 GHz), the wavelength is relatively well-defined. Bending technology, loading technology, and fractal technology are effective ways to achieve antenna miniaturization.

[0163] 2) Impedance matching technology. To ensure that the RF power collected by the antenna is transmitted to the rectifier circuit, a good impedance matching network needs to be designed, while minimizing the impact on the antenna size, radiation characteristics, etc.

[0164] 3) Multi-band and wideband technology. More frequency bands of radio frequency signals contain more energy. In order to collect more radio frequency energy, the antenna needs to operate in a wider frequency band. However, the operating frequency band needs to be consistent with the rectifier circuit, rather than the wider the better, so as to avoid the high-order harmonics of the rectifier circuit being reflected by the antenna, causing power loss.

[0165] Research on energy harvesting circuits has undergone many years of development and exploration, with efficiency improvement remaining a primary concern in circuit design. The conversion from radio frequency (RF) energy to DC power is significantly affected by different circuit designs and processes. Proper use of rectifiers allows for better conversion of RF energy into a stable DC voltage (RF-DC), while lower output voltages typically require further DC-DC conversion to generate a voltage level suitable for driving digital logic circuits. Voltage regulators and voltage monitors are also commonly used to assist in voltage boosting and stabilization, often employing cascaded diode-capacitor methods to raise the voltage to a usable level. Diode-based rectifier circuits are the most fundamental energy harvesting method. Devices using discrete components and Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) processes have vastly different requirements for RF input power. Due to the custom nature of CMOS electronics, they are often more efficient and operate at lower voltages compared to microcontrollers or other external digital devices, allowing for input signal energy levels as low as -20dBm or even better.

[0166] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1C As shown, Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the backscatter communication principle according to embodiments of this disclosure. Backscatter technology is a wireless technology that enables signal transmission and encoding without an active transmitter. Similar to radar principles, when electromagnetic waves reach the surface of an object, a portion is reflected. The strength of the reflected signal depends on the object's shape, material, and distance. From a radar perspective, each object has its radar cross-section (RCS). A tag modulates the reflected signal by changing its RCS. The backscatter transmitter modulates the received RF signal to transmit data without needing to generate its own RF signal.

[0167] Backscattering was first proposed in 1948. However, due to the following limitations, traditional backscattering communication cannot be widely used in data-intensive wireless communication systems:

[0168] 1) First, traditional backscatter communication requires placing the backscatter transmitter near its radio frequency emission source, which limits the use and coverage area of ​​the device.

[0169] 2) Secondly, in traditional backscatter communication, the backscatter receiver and the radio frequency transmitter are located in the same device, namely the reader, which can lead to self-interference between the receiving and transmitting antennas, thereby reducing communication performance.

[0170] 3) In addition, traditional backscatter communication systems are passively operated, meaning that the backscatter transmitter only transmits data when the backscatter receiver queries it.

[0171] Ambient Backscatter Communication (AmBC) has emerged as a promising technology for enabling low-power communication, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional backscatter communication systems and leading to its wider adoption in practical applications. An ambient backscatter communication system typically comprises three parts: an ambient radio-frequency (RF) source, a backscatter device (BD), and a reader. In an ambient backscatter communication system, backscatter devices can communicate with each other using wireless signals broadcast from ambient RF sources (such as TV towers, FM towers, cellular base stations, and Wi-Fi access points (APs)). Furthermore, by separating the carrier transmitter and backscatter receiver, the number of RF components in the backscatter device is minimized, and the device can operate proactively; that is, the backscatter transmitter can send data without receiver activation once sufficient energy has been harvested from the RF source.

[0172] Environmental energy IoT devices (such as backscatter tags) receive carrier signals sent by readers and collect energy through RF energy harvesting modules to power low-power processing modules. After acquiring energy, the backscatter tag drives corresponding circuits to modulate the incoming wave signal and perform backscattering.

[0173] In backscatter communication systems, load modulation is a commonly used data transmission method for electronic tags. Load modulation involves adjusting the electrical parameters (such as resistance or capacitance) of the electronic tag's oscillation circuit according to the rhythm of the data stream, thereby changing the magnitude and phase of the electronic tag's impedance and completing the modulation process.

[0174] Load modulation techniques mainly include two methods: resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, a resistor, called the load modulation resistor, is connected in parallel with the load. This resistor turns on and off according to the clock of the data stream, and the switching of switch S is controlled by binary data encoding. In capacitive load modulation, a capacitor is connected in parallel with the load, replacing the load modulation resistor controlled by binary data encoding.

[0175] like Figure 1D As shown, Figure 1D This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of resistive load modulation according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Taking the process of implementing amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation by resistive modulation as an example, the terminal can switch between absorption and reflection states by switching the load reflection coefficient. In the absorption state, that is, the terminal achieves impedance matching, the radio frequency signal is completely absorbed by the terminal, so that the terminal does not radiate radio frequency signals into space, and the signal received by the receiving side will be a low-level signal. This state can represent bit '0'. Conversely, in the reflection state, that is, the terminal switches the circuit impedance, causing circuit impedance mismatch, and part of the RF signal is reflected. The signal received by the receiving side will be a high-level signal, so this state represents bit "1". The ASK modulation signal process is as follows: Figure 1E As shown, Figure 1E This is a schematic diagram of ASK modulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It can be seen that the terminal can achieve ASK modulation of the incident radio frequency signal through simple impedance switching, thereby realizing communication with the receiver. From the receiver's perspective, the ASK signal can be detected using low-complexity envelope detection and a comparator.

[0176] Similarly, the terminal can also change the circuit's tuning frequency by adjusting the circuit's capacitance, causing the frequency of the signal radiated by the terminal to change with the capacitance, thereby achieving Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation. Although FSK requires additional residual frequency offset estimation processing compared to ASK, it outperforms ASK in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance. Furthermore, FSK allows for frequency division sharing among multiple devices.

[0177] Therefore, backscatter communication cleverly utilizes impedance modulation to achieve signal modulation and transmission with extremely low complexity. In contrast, backscatter terminals do not require complex RF structures such as power amplifiers (PAs), high-precision crystal oscillators, duplexers, and high-precision filters. They also do not require complex baseband processing; for example, they only need to perform envelope detection of the signal without complex channel estimation and equalization calculations. Thus, backscattering technology makes simple terminal implementation possible.

[0178] In some embodiments, the main feature of environmental energy IoT communication technology is that it achieves backscatter communication by modulating incoming wave signals. At the same time, it can also obtain energy through energy harvesting to drive digital logic circuits or chips (such as microcontroller units (MCUs) or sensor chips) to achieve functions such as signal encoding, encryption or simple calculation.

[0179] As seen in previous chapters, the conversion efficiency of radio frequency energy is often less than 10%, which limits the power consumption required to drive digital logic circuits or chips for computation. Although improvements in process technology and design optimization have increased the number of computations that can be performed per microjoule of energy, it still cannot meet the demands of complex calculations.

[0180] In the design of environmental energy IoT communication systems, low-power computing can be achieved by considering the following aspects:

[0181] Low-power receivers: Ambient energy IoT devices can be divided into two categories based on their functional requirements. One category's main function is broadcast transmission similar to beacon. To reduce structural complexity and power consumption, receiver functionality may not be implemented. The other category considers designing simple, low-power receivers, such as using comparators to implement simple ASK / decoding functions.

[0182] Low-power chips: Low-power chips generally include MCUs and sensors. Circuits driving digital processing chips typically have minimum input voltage requirements. This necessitates that the acquired energy meets certain voltage requirements. Often, the acquired energy cannot be fully utilized for backscattering and low-power computing. Currently, mature MCUs for low-power computing generally have power consumption in the microwatt (µW) range. Selecting low-power MCUs and sensor chips, and implementing low-voltage drive circuit design, is both crucial and challenging for achieving low-power computing.

[0183] Simple Encoding and Modulation: Previous chapters mentioned ASK and FSK encoding methods commonly used in backscattering, which can be implemented with simple circuit designs. For encoding techniques, non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and Manchester encoding are the two most commonly used encoding methods in backscattering systems. In addition, simple and easy-to-implement encoding methods such as unipolar RZ encoding, differential biphase (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, differential encoding, and FM0 encoding are also suitable for backscattering communication. Using simple encoding and modulation can also significantly reduce the computational power consumption of environmental IoT communication.

[0184] Based on current 3GPP research, the deployment scenarios, use cases, and design goals (including device power consumption, device complexity, coverage performance, user data rate, latency, and mobility speed) of Ambient IoT are discussed.

[0185] The Ambient IoT topologies currently being discussed by 3GPP include the following:

[0186] (1) Topology 1: BS Ambient IoT device:

[0187] Topology 1, such as Figure 1F As shown, Figure 1F This is a schematic diagram of topology 1 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The Ambient IoT device is directly connected to the base station (BS) and communicates bidirectionally. The communication content between the A-IoT device and the base station includes data, signaling, etc. Topology 1 also includes another possible scenario: base station 1 sends downlink to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device sends uplink to base station 2. In this case, the downlink and corresponding uplink base stations for the same service communication are different base stations.

[0188] (2) Topology 2:BS intermediate node Ambient IoT device:

[0189] Topology 1, such as Figure 1G As shown, Figure 1G This is a schematic diagram of topology 2 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The Ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node, and the intermediate node (UE) communicates bidirectionally with the base station via cellular communication. The intermediate node can be considered a relay (e.g., Integrated Access and Backhaul, i.e., IAB node, UE, repeater, etc.) between the Ambient IoT device and the base station. The intermediate node must support the ability to communicate with the Ambient IoT device. The intermediate node bidirectionally transmits data and signaling between the base station and the Ambient IoT device to complete the communication.

[0190] The deployment scenarios studied by 3GPP mainly include the following:

[0191] 1) Deployment Scenario 1: Ambient IoT devices are indoors, and base stations are indoors.

[0192] 2) Deployment Scenario 2: Ambient IoT devices are indoors, and base stations are outdoors.

[0193] 3) Deployment Scenario 3: Ambient IoT devices are indoors, and the reader is the UE.

[0194] 4) Deployment Scenario 4: Ambient IoT devices are outdoors, and base stations are outdoors.

[0195] 5) Deployment Scenario 5: Ambient IoT devices are outdoors, and the reader is the UE.

[0196] 3GPP TR 38.848 classifies Ambient IoT devices based on two factors: their energy storage capacity and their ability to generate radio frequency signals, as follows:

[0197] Device type A: It has no energy storage capacity and no ability to independently generate or amplify radio frequency signals, meaning it can only transmit by backscattering.

[0198] Device type B: It has energy storage capability but no ability to independently generate radio frequency signals; that is, it can only transmit by backscattering. The stored energy is used to amplify the reflected signal.

[0199] Device type C: It has energy storage capacity and the ability to independently generate radio frequency signals, that is, the ability to actively transmit RF radio frequency signals.

[0200] Based on the above device classification, the Ambient IoT project further refined and specified the device classification during its research and discussion process:

[0201] RAN1#116 Agreement:

[0202] For the purpose of this study, RAN1 uses the following terminologies:

[0203] Device 1: Peak power consumption approximately 1μW, with energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither downlink (DL) nor uplink (UL) amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on an externally provided carrier wave.

[0204] Device 2a: Peak power consumption ≤ a few hundred μW, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or ULamplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0205] Device 2b: Peak power consumption ≤ a few hundred μW, with energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or ULamplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is generated internally by the device.

[0206] During the research and discussion process, the Ambient IoT project defined the physical layer links and channels (where the reader can be a base station or an intermediate UE):

[0207] R2D: reader-to-device, corresponding to the Physical Reader-to-Device Channel (PRDCH);

[0208] D2R: device-to-reader, corresponding to the physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH);

[0209] Carrier-wave-to-device (CW2D);

[0210] In some embodiments, backscattering and carrier delivery include the following:

[0211] For Ambient IoT devices (i.e., Device 1 and Device 2a) that cannot actively transmit, a carrier wave (CW) is required from an external source for backscattering. When the carrier CW is provided by a base station or intermediate node UE within the topology, it can be considered as a carrier from inside the topology; when the carrier CW is provided by a node outside the topology, it can be considered as a carrier from outside the topology. Furthermore, the spectrum resources (DL or UL) used by the node when transmitting the CW are considered.

[0212] In some embodiments, during the discussion of AIoT, the periodic synchronization signal of R2D is a binary sequence that can carry reader ID information or be used to determine the reader ID. The number of this binary sequence is less than or equal to 4.

[0213] When discussing how to obtain the reader ID from a device, one or more of the following four options can be used.

[0214] Option 1: Reader ID information is included in the broadcast message.

[0215] Option 2: Reader ID information is obtained from a periodic synchronization signal sequence.

[0216] Option 3: Reader ID-related information is carried by the physical layer R2D control information.

[0217] Option 4: Reader ID information is included in the higher-level paging information.

[0218] The purpose of the device obtaining the reader ID is at least the following:

[0219] The reader scrambles the control or data information carried in the PRDCH using the reader ID. When a device resides under a reader, it obtains the reader ID through the aforementioned option. The device then uses the reader ID to descramble the received PRDCH. If descrambling is successful, it proves that the PRDCH was sent to the device by the reader, and the device continues to decode the PRDCH. If descrambling fails, the device considers it not the signal it wants to receive and will not continue decoding.

[0220] At the same time, when the device sends a PDRCH, it also scrambles the PDRCH using the obtained reader ID. Only the reader residing on the device will descramble and decode the PDRCH sent by the device; the reader will not decode PDRCH sent by other devices.

[0221] In some embodiments, the R2D periodic synchronization signal is a binary sequence in the time domain. This binary sequence reuses the R2D waveform. The binary sequence has a predefined chip length. The device assumes that the binary sequence has a predefined length. The number of binary sequences is less than or equal to four. If more than one sequence is supported, it is used for potential reader identification / discrimination. The application of Manchester encoding to the binary sequence is investigated. The necessity of other aspects, including overlay sequences, is also investigated.

[0222] To enable readers to be identified / distinguished in at least outdoor scenarios, and thus to differentiate R2D between different readers, the device obtains reader ID-related information through at least one of the following options: Option 1: The reader ID-related information is included in the broadcast information. Option 2: The reader ID-related information is derived from a periodic synchronization signal sequence. Option 3: The reader ID-related information is carried by L1 R2D control information. Option 4: The reader ID-related information is included in the higher-level information of paging messages.

[0223] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a communication method interaction according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 As shown, this disclosure relates to a communication method for a communication system 100, the method comprising:

[0224] Step S2101: The second device sends the first information.

[0225] In some embodiments, the second device sends first information to the first device.

[0226] In some embodiments, the first device receives first information sent by the second device.

[0227] In some embodiments, the second device may be a reader / writer.

[0228] In some embodiments, the reader can be a network device, a relay, a terminal, etc. For example, the reader can be a base station (BS Reader) or a terminal.

[0229] In some embodiments, the first device receives first information.

[0230] In some embodiments, the first device may be an environmental IoT device.

[0231] In some embodiments, the environmental IoT device may be a terminal, or an IoT device, sometimes also referred to as a device.

[0232] In some embodiments, exemplarily, the environmental IoT device is a Device and the reader is a Reader.

[0233] In some embodiments, the first information is used to determine the second device identification value.

[0234] In some embodiments, the second device identification value may be the identification value of the reader / writer. For example, the second device identification value may be a Reader ID or a reader ID.

[0235] In some embodiments, the first information includes first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence.

[0236] In some embodiments, the first information includes the second broadcast information.

[0237] In some embodiments, the first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include at least one of the following: a first system information MIB and a second system information SIB.

[0238] In some embodiments, the first broadcast information may include a MIB, the first broadcast information may include a SIB, or the first broadcast information may include both a MIB and a SIB.

[0239] In some embodiments, the second broadcast information may include a MIB, the second broadcast information may include a SIB, or the second broadcast information may include both a MIB and a SIB.

[0240] Step S2102: The first device determines the identification value of the second device.

[0241] In some embodiments, the first information includes a first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, and the second device identification value is determined based on at least one bit carried in the first broadcast information and the periodic synchronization signal sequence.

[0242] In some embodiments, the first information includes second broadcast information, and the second device identifier value is determined based on the bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0243] In some embodiments, where the first information includes a first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identifier value may be determined based on at least one of the following: a first number of bits, a first value, and a second value.

[0244] In some embodiments, the first number of bits are bits carried in the first broadcast information.

[0245] In some embodiments, the first value is the bit carried by the periodic synchronization signal sequence in the first information.

[0246] In some embodiments, the second value is the number of types of periodic synchronization signal sequences supported by the first device.

[0247] For example, the first value is N2 and the second value is K.

[0248] For example, if the number of types of periodic synchronization signal sequences supported by the first device is the second value K, the range of the first value can be {0,1,2,…K-1}, the first value can be 1, the first value can be 2, or the first value can be K-1.

[0249] In some embodiments, the bits carried by the periodic synchronization signal sequence in the first information are related to the number of types of periodic synchronization signal sequences supported by the first device.

[0250] In some embodiments, when the first information includes a first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identifier value can be determined based on at least one of a first number of bits, a first value, and a second value in the following three ways.

[0251] Method 1: The second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits, a first value, and a second value.

[0252] In some embodiments, the first device blindly detects a periodic synchronization signal sequence to obtain a first value N2.

[0253] In some embodiments, the first device determines the third value using a first number of bits carried in the first broadcast information.

[0254] For example, the bit value of a first number of bits is determined as a third value, where the third value can be N1.

[0255] In some embodiments, the first device obtains a first number of bits carried by the first broadcast information, such as 9 bits, and obtains the bit value corresponding to the 9 bits, such as 335, then the third value N1 is 335.

[0256] In some embodiments, a second device identification value is determined based on a first value, a second value, and a third value.

[0257] In some embodiments, the second device identifier value, the first value N2, the second value K, and the third value N1 satisfy a first expression: M-1 = K*N1 + N2.

[0258] Where M is the second device identifier value.

[0259] Understandably, the second value K is the number of types of periodic synchronization signal sequences supported by the first device, and K is known; the first device obtains the first value N2 by blindly detecting the periodic synchronization signal sequence, and the first device determines the third value N1 by the bit value of the first number of bits carried by the first broadcast information. Based on K, N1, N2 and the first expression, M is determined, thereby determining the second device identification value.

[0260] Understandably, when the second device sends the first information, it can obtain the first value N2, the second value K, and the second device identifier value M, and determine the third value N1 according to the first expression. The first number of bits carrying the second device identifier value are determined based on {rounded up [log2(N1)]}.

[0261] For example, taking the first broadcast information including the MIB as an example, the determination of the second device identifier value by the first device will be explained:

[0262] Example A: The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence and obtains K as 4 and N2 as {0,1,2,3}. Based on the bits carried by the MIB, it determines that the first number of bits is 8 and determines the bit value of the first number of bits, that is, the third value N1 is 251. When N2 is 3, it substitutes into the first expression: M-1=4*251+3, M=1008, that is, the second device identifier value is 1008.

[0263] For example, in embodiment A, the first device determines the second device identifier value. The following embodiment A1 describes how the second device sends the second device identifier value:

[0264] Example A1: If four periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, then K = 4, and N2 has four possible values: {0, 1, 2, 3}. Assuming the second device identifier value has M = 1008 possible values, ranging from {0, 1, 2, 3…1007}, then the first expression is: 1007 = 4 * N1 + 3, which calculates to N1 = 251. The value range of N1 is {0, 1, 2, 3…251}. The MIB uses Y = {rounded up [log2(N1)]} bits to carry the reader ID information. That is, when N1 is 251, the MIB uses 8 bits to carry the remaining second device identifier value information. (Understandably, in this case, some of the indicated bit values ​​in the 8-bit MIB are redundant and can be reserved; that is, the range of values ​​that 8 bits can indicate is 0, 1…255, resulting in 4 redundant bits).

[0265] Example B: The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence and obtains K as 4 and N2 as {0,1,2,3}. Based on the bits carried by the MIB, it determines that the first number of bits is 4 and determines the bit value of the first number of bits, that is, the third value N1 is 15. When N2 is 3, it substitutes into the first expression: M-1=4*15+3, M=63, that is, the second device identifier value is 63.

[0266] For example, in Embodiment B, the first device determines the second device identifier value. Embodiment B1 below describes how the second device sends the second device identifier value:

[0267] Example B1: If four periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, K=4, and N2 has four possible values: {0, 1, 2, 3}. Assuming there are M=64 reader IDs with values ​​ranging from {0, 1, 2, 3…63}, then the first expression is: 63 = 4 * N1 + 3, which calculates to N1 = 15. The value range of N1 is {0, 1, 2, 3…15}. The MIB uses Y = {rounded up [log2(N1)]} bits to carry the reader ID information. That is, when N1 is 15, the MIB uses 4 bits to carry the remaining reader ID information.

[0268] Example C: The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence and obtains K as 3 and N2 as {0,1,2}. Based on the bits carried by the MIB, it determines that the first number of bits is 9 and determines the bit value of the first number of bits, that is, the third value N1 is 335. When N2 is 2, it substitutes into the first expression: M-1=3*335+2, M=1007, that is, the second device identification value is 1008.

[0269] For example, embodiment C determines the second device identifier value for the first device, and the following embodiment C1 describes how the second device sends the second device identifier value:

[0270] Example C1: If three periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, K=3, and N2 has three possible values: {0, 1, 2}. Assuming there are M=1008 reader IDs with values ​​ranging from {0, 1, 2, 3…1007}, then the first expression is: 1007 = 3 * N1 + 2, which calculates to N1 = 335. The value range of N1 is {0, 1, 2, 3…335}. The MIB uses Y = {rounded up [log2(N1)]} bits to carry the reader ID information. That is, when N1 is 335, the MIB uses 9 bits to carry the remaining reader ID information.

[0271] In some embodiments, the indication method for the first broadcast information including SIB is the same as that for the first broadcast information including MIB. When the first broadcast information includes SIB, the method by which the first device determines the second device identifier value can be referred to embodiments A, B, and C.

[0272] In some embodiments, the first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include MIB and SIB.

[0273] In some embodiments, when the first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include MIB and SIB, a first number of bits determined by rounding up [log2(N1)] is divided into two parts and allocated to MIB and SIB respectively. The first device determines the second device identifier value by decoding the MIB and SIB. For example, the first number can be divided into a fourth number a and a fifth number b, where the first number = the sum of the fourth number a and the fifth number b, i.e., the first number = a + b.

[0274] In some embodiments, where the first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include a MIB and a SIB, the MIB includes a fourth number of high bits carrying the second device identification value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of low bits carrying the second device identification value.

[0275] For example, bit a is placed in the MIB, and bit a can be the high bit a; bit b is placed in the SIB, and bit b can be the low bit b.

[0276] In some embodiments, where the first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include a MIB and a SIB, the MIB includes a fourth number of low bits carrying the second device identification value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of high bits carrying the second device identification value.

[0277] For example, bit a is placed in the MIB, and bit a can be the low bit a; bit b is placed in the SIB, and bit b can be the high bit b.

[0278] In some embodiments, the sum of the fourth quantity and the fifth quantity is the first quantity.

[0279] In some embodiments, the first broadcast information includes MIB and SIB as an example for illustration.

[0280] Example D (taking the MIB including a fourth number of high bits carrying the second device identifier value, the SIB including a fifth number of low bits carrying the second device identifier value, and the first device determining the second device identifier value as an example): The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence, obtaining K as 4 and N2 as {0,1,2,3}; based on the bits carried by the MIB, it determines the fourth number of bits as 2, and the bit indication as 01; based on the bits carried by the SIB, it determines the fifth number of bits as 6, and the bit indication as 000010. Therefore, the bit indicated by the first broadcast information is 01000010, corresponding to a bit value of 66, i.e., the third value N1 is 66. When N2 is 2, substituting into the first expression: M-1 = 4 * 66 + 2, M = 267, i.e., the second device identifier value is 267.

[0281] Example E (taking the second device carrying the second device identifier as an example): If three periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, K=3, and N2 has three values, which are {0,1,2}. Assuming there are M=1008 reader IDs, with a value range of {0,1,2,3……1007}, then the first expression is: 1007=3*N1+2, which calculates to N1=335. Therefore, the value range of N1 is {0,1,2,3…335}. According to Y={rounded up[log2(N1)]}, Y (first quantity)=9. The MIB uses 2 bits to carry the reader ID information, and the SIB uses 7 bits to carry the reader ID information.

[0282] Method 2: Determine the second device identifier value based on the first number of bits and the first value.

[0283] In some embodiments, the bit values ​​of a first number of bits are determined as a third value N1.

[0284] In some embodiments, a fourth value is determined based on a third value. The fourth value is L.

[0285] In some embodiments, a second device identification value is determined based on a first value, a third value, and a fourth value.

[0286] In some embodiments, the third value N1 and the fourth value L satisfy N1 = L-1.

[0287] In some embodiments, the second device identifier value, the first value, the third value, and the fourth value satisfy a second expression: M-1 = N2*L + N1, where M is the second device identifier value.

[0288] In some embodiments, the second device identifier value is determined based on a second expression.

[0289] For example, taking the first broadcast information including a MIB as an example, the method by which the first device determines the second device identifier value will be explained. It is understood that when the first broadcast information includes a SIB, the method by which the first device determines the second device identifier value is the same as the method by which it is determined when the first broadcast information includes a MIB.

[0290] Example F: The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence and obtains K as 4 and N2 as {0,1,2,3}. Based on the bits carried by the MIB, the first number of bits is determined to be 8, and the bit value of the first number of bits is determined, that is, the third value N1 is 255. Based on the third value (255), the fourth value L is determined to be 256. When N2 is 0, it is substituted into the second expression: M-1=0*256+255, M=256, that is, the second device identification value is 256.

[0291] For example, embodiment F determines the second device identifier value for the first device, and the following embodiment F1 describes how the second device sends the second device identifier value:

[0292] Example F1: If K = 4 periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, the value of N2 is {0, 1, 2, 3}. Assuming there are M = 1008 reader IDs with a value range of {0, 1, 2, 3... 1007}, then the second expression, and N1 = L - 1, indicating all the ranges of M values, calculates L = 256, then N1 = 255. According to Y = {rounded up [log2(N1)]}, it is determined that 8 bits are needed to carry in the MIB to indicate the reader ID.

[0293] For example, for embodiment F1, the indication methods of embodiments F1a-F1d may be included as follows:

[0294] Example F1a: When N2 is 0, the MIB uses 8 bits, which can indicate a range of 0×256+255, i.e. {0,1,2,3,…255}. Therefore, the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 0×255+{0,1,2,3,…255}={0,1,2,3,…255}.

[0295] Example F1b: When N2 is 1, the MIB uses 8 bits, which can indicate the range {0,1,2,3,…255}. Therefore, the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 1×256+{0,1,2,3,…255}={256,257,258,…511}.

[0296] Example F1c: When N2 is 2, the MIB uses 8 bits, which can indicate the range {0,1,2,3,…255}. Therefore, the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 2×256+{0,1,2,3,…255}={512,511,512,513,…767}.

[0297] Example F1d: When N2 is 3, the MIB uses 8 bits, which can indicate the range {0,1,2,3,…255}. Therefore, the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 3×256+{0,1,2,3,…255}={768,………1023} (but in reality, it is only necessary to indicate up to 1007. Therefore, when N2=3, some of the bit values ​​indicated by the 8 bits in the MIB are redundant, but the number of redundancies is relatively small. These redundant bits can be used as reserved bits).

[0298] It should be noted that Embodiment F, Embodiment F1a-F1d are implementation methods for sending the second device identifier value when the second device is the executing entity.

[0299] Example G: The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence and obtains K as 4 and N2 as {0,1,2,3}. Based on the bits carried by the MIB, the first number of bits is determined to be 4, and the bit value of the first number of bits is determined, that is, the third value N1 is 15. Based on the third value (15), the fourth value L is determined to be 16. When N2 is 3, it is substituted into the second expression: M-1=3*16+15, M=63, that is, the second device identification value is 63.

[0300] For example, embodiment G determines a second device identifier value for the first device, and the following embodiment G1 describes how the second device sends the second device identifier value:

[0301] Example G1: If K = 4 periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, and N2 takes the value {0, 1, 2, 3}, assuming there are M = 64 reader IDs with a value range of {0, 1, 2, 3……63}, then according to the second expression, and when the maximum value of M is 63, N1 = L - 1, we can calculate L = 16, 63 = 3 × 16 + N1, so we can calculate N1 = 15. Therefore, the MIB needs Y = 4 bits to indicate the remaining reader IDs.

[0302] For example, for embodiment G1, the indication methods of embodiments G1a-G1d may be included as follows:

[0303] Example G1a: When N2 is 0, 4 bits are used in the MIB, and the range that can be indicated is 0×16+15, that is, {0,1,2,3,…15}. Therefore, the range of the readerID that can be indicated is: 0×16+{0,1,2,3,…15}={0,1,2,3,…15}.

[0304] Example G1b: When N2 is 1, 4 bits are used in the MIB, so the range of the indicated reader ID is: 1×16+{0,1,2,3,…15}={16,17,………31}.

[0305] Example G1c: When N2 is 2, 4 bits are used in the MIB, so the range of the indicated reader ID is: 2×16+{0,1,2,3,…15}={32,33,…………47}.

[0306] Example G1d: When N2 is 3, 4 bits are used in the MIB, so the range of the indicated reader ID is: 3×16+{0,1,2,3,…15}={48,………63}.

[0307] In some embodiments, the first broadcast information includes MIB and SIB. The following description uses the example of the first broadcast information including MIB and SIB to illustrate how the first device determines the second device identifier value.

[0308] Example H (taking the MIB including a fourth number of high bits carrying the second device identification value, the SIB including a fifth number of low bits carrying the second device identification value, and the first device determining the second device identification value as an example): The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence, obtains K as 4, and N2 as {0,1,2,3}; based on the bits carried by the MIB, determines the fourth number of bits as 2, based on the bits carried by the SIB, determines the fifth number of bits as 6, and based on the second expression and N1 = L-1, determines the second device identification value.

[0309] For example, embodiment H determines the second device identifier value for the first device, and the following embodiment H1 describes how the second device sends the second device identifier value:

[0310] Example H1: If K = 4 periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, and N2 takes the value {0, 1, 2, 3}. Assuming there are M = 1008 reader IDs with values ​​ranging from {0, 1, 2, 3... 1007}, then Y = 8 is calculated. Therefore, a = 2 bits are used in the MIB to indicate the reader ID, and b = 6 bits are used in the SIB to indicate the reader ID.

[0311] Method 3: Determine the second device identifier value based on the first number of bits and the second value.

[0312] In some embodiments, a fifth value is obtained based on the second value K. The fifth value can be X.

[0313] In some embodiments, the second and fifth values ​​satisfy the third expression: X = {rounded up [log2(K)]}.

[0314] In some embodiments, a first quantity is determined based on a first quantity of bits, and this first quantity is used as a sixth value. The sixth value can be Y.

[0315] In some embodiments, the second device identifier value, the fifth value, and the sixth value satisfy a fourth expression: X + Y = {rounded up [log2(M)]}. Where M is the second device identifier value, X is the fifth value, and Y is the sixth value.

[0316] In some embodiments, the first device determines K based on a periodic synchronization signal sequence, and determines X based on a third expression X = {rounded up [log2(K)]}. The first device determines a sixth value Y based on the bits carried by the first broadcast information, and determines M based on a fourth expression X + Y = {rounded up [log2(M)]}, thus obtaining the second device identification value.

[0317] In some embodiments, X is the high-order bit of the second number of bits, and Y is the low-order bit of the second number of bits. Alternatively, X is the low-order bit of the second number of bits, and Y is the high-order bit of the second number of bits.

[0318] Where X+Y = the bit value of the second number of bits, and the second number = the number of bits of X + the number of bits of Y.

[0319] For example, the first device determines K based on the periodic synchronization signal sequence, determines X based on the third expression X = {rounded up [log2(K)]}, and uses X as the high X bit; it determines the Y bit based on the first broadcast information, and uses the Y bit as the low Y bit, and the high X bit and low Y bit as the indicator bits of the reader ID, that is, the second number of bits.

[0320] For example, the first device determines K based on the periodic synchronization signal sequence, determines X based on the third expression X = {rounded up [log2(K)]}, and uses X as the low X bit; it determines the Y bit based on the first broadcast information and uses the Y bit as the high Y bit, and uses the low X bit and the high Y bit as the indicator bits of the reader ID, that is, the second number of bits.

[0321] In some embodiments, X can be preset as either a high bit or a low bit. Y can also be preset as either a high bit or a low bit.

[0322] In some embodiments, the method by which the first device determines the second device identifier value is illustrated using the example of the first broadcast information including a MIB. It is understood that when the first broadcast information includes a SIB, the method by which the first device determines the second device identifier value is the same as the method by which it is determined when the first broadcast information includes a MIB.

[0323] Example 1: The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence and obtains K as 4. According to the third expression X = {round up [log2(K)]}, the high X bit is obtained as 01. By decoding the information in the MIB, the sixth value Y is obtained as 8, and the lower 8 bits indicate the bit as 00001011. Therefore, the bit indicated by the bits of X+Y is 0100001011. Based on the bit value corresponding to 0100001011 and the fourth expression, the first device determines the second device identifier value M as 267.

[0324] Example 1 describes how the first device determines the identification value of the second device, and Example 11 below describes how the second device sends the identification value.

[0325] Example I1: If 4 (K = 4) periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, according to the third expression X = {round up [log2(K)]}, then X = 2 bits, and there are M = 1008 reader IDs. According to the fourth expression: X + Y = {round up [log2(M)]}, X + Y = 10, then Y = 8 bits, that is, 8 bits are used in the MIB to indicate the reader ID.

[0326] Example J: The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence and obtains K as 4. According to the third expression X = {round up [log2(K)]}, the high X bit is obtained as 01. By decoding the information in the MIB, the sixth value Y is obtained as 4, and the lower 4 bits indicate the bit as 1011. Then the bit indicated by the bits of X+Y is 011011. The first device determines the second device identification value M as 27 based on the bit value corresponding to 011011 and the fourth expression.

[0327] Example J describes how the first device determines the identification value of the second device, and Example J1 below describes how the second device sends the identification value.

[0328] Example J1: If 4 (K = 4) periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, according to the third expression X = {round up [log2(K)]}, then X = 2 bits, and there are M = 64 reader IDs. According to the fourth expression: X + Y = {round up [log2(M)]}, X + Y = 6, then Y = 4 bits. That is, 4 bits are used in the MIB to indicate the reader ID.

[0329] In some embodiments, the first broadcast information includes MIB and SIB.

[0330] In some embodiments, when the first broadcast information includes a MIB and a SIB, the sixth value Y = a + b, where bit a is placed in the MIB, and bit a can be either the high a bit or the low a bit of Y. Bit b is placed in the SIB, and bit b can be either the high b bit or the low b bit of Y.

[0331] Example K: The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence and obtains K as 4. According to the third expression X = {round up [log2(K)]}, the high 2 bits are obtained as 01. By decoding the information in the MIB, the second high 2 bits are obtained as 11. By decoding the SIB, the low 6 bits are obtained as 001100. Then, the bit value obtained by the periodic synchronization signal sequence and the first broadcast information is 0111001100. According to the fourth expression, M is determined to be 460.

[0332] Example K is for the first device to determine the identification value of the second device. Example K1 below is a description of the second device sending the identification value.

[0333] Example K1: If 4 (K=4) types of periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, then X=2 bits, there are M=1008 reader IDs, then X+Y=10, then Y=8 bits, that is, 8 bits are used in MIB+SIB to indicate the reader ID.

[0334] Example L: The first device blindly detects the periodic synchronization signal sequence and obtains K as 3. According to the third expression X = {round up [log2(K)]}, the high 2 bits are obtained as 01. By decoding the information in the MIB, the second high 2 bits are obtained as 11. By decoding the SIB, the low 2 bits are obtained as 01. Then, the bit value obtained by the periodic synchronization signal sequence and the first broadcast information is 011101. According to the fourth expression, M is determined to be 29.

[0335] Example L describes how the first device determines the identification value of the second device, and Example L1 below describes how the second device sends the identification value.

[0336] Example L1: If 3 (K=3) types of periodic synchronization signal sequences are supported, then X=2 bits, there are M=64 reader IDs, then X+Y=6, then Y=4 bits, that is, 4 bits are used in MIB+SIB to indicate the reader ID.

[0337] In some embodiments, where the first information includes the second broadcast information, the second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits.

[0338] In some embodiments, the third number of bits are bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0339] In some embodiments, the bit value of the third number of bits is determined as the seventh value. The seventh value is Z.

[0340] In some embodiments, a second device identification value is determined based on a seventh value.

[0341] In some embodiments, the second device identifier value and the seventh value satisfy the fifth expression: Z = {rounded up [log2(M)]}, where M is the second device identifier value and Z is the seventh value.

[0342] In some embodiments, the second broadcast information includes the MIB.

[0343] In some embodiments, taking the second broadcast information including MIB as an example, the determination of the second device identifier value by the first device is explained.

[0344] Example M: ​​Based on the second broadcast information, the first device determines that the third number of bits is 10 and determines the bit value Z of the third number of bits. According to Z and the fifth expression, the second device identification value M is calculated to be 1008.

[0345] Example M is a method for the first device to determine the identification value of the second device. Example M1 below is a description of the second device sending the identification value.

[0346] Example M1: If the number of supported reader IDs is 1008, then according to the fifth expression, the reader ID is indicated by 10 bits in the MIB.

[0347] Example N: Based on the second broadcast information, the first device determines that the third number of bits is 6 and determines the bit value Z of the third number of bits. According to Z and the fifth expression, the second device identification value M is calculated to be 64.

[0348] Example N describes how the first device determines the identification value of the second device, and Example N1 below describes how the second device sends the identification value.

[0349] Example N1: If the number of supported reader IDs is 64, then according to the fifth expression, the reader ID is indicated by 6 bits in the MIB.

[0350] In some embodiments, the second broadcast information includes MIB and SIB.

[0351] In some embodiments, taking the second broadcast information including MIB and SIB as an example, the determination of the second device identifier value by the first device is explained.

[0352] Example O: Based on the second broadcast information, the first device determines that the third number of bits is 10, and determines that the reader ID is indicated by 2 bits in the MIB, for example, the high 2 bits of 10 bits, with a bit value of 00. It also determines that the reader ID is indicated by 8 bits in the SIB, which is the low 8 bits of 10 bits, with a bit value of 00001000. The total bit indication is 0000001000. According to the fifth expression, the second device identifier value M is calculated to be 8.

[0353] Example P: Based on the second broadcast information, the first device determines that the third number of bits is 6, and determines that the reader ID is indicated by 2 bits in the MIB, for example, the high 2 bits of 6 bits, with a bit value of 00. It determines that the reader ID is indicated by 4 bits in the SIB, which is the low 4 bits of 6 bits, with a bit value of 1100. The total bit indication is 001100. According to the fifth expression, the second device identifier value M is calculated to be 12.

[0354] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S2101 to S2102. For example, step S2101 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, but is not limited thereto.

[0355] In some embodiments, step S2102 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0356] In some embodiments, if an arrow in the interaction diagram representing the sending of information, signaling, etc. from one subject to another passes through other subjects, it can be interpreted as the information being forwarded from one subject to another via other subjects, or it can be interpreted as the information being sent from one subject to another without passing through other subjects.

[0357] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0358] Figure 3This is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0359] Step S3101: Receive first information, which is used to determine the second device identifier value. The first information includes first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, or the first information includes second broadcast information.

[0360] In some embodiments, the first information includes a first broadcast information and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, and the second device identification value is determined based on at least one bit carried in the first broadcast information and the periodic synchronization signal sequence.

[0361] In some embodiments, the first information includes second broadcast information, and the second device identifier value is determined based on the bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0362] Optionally, when the first information includes a first broadcast message and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identification value is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0363] The first number of bits, which are the bits carried in the first broadcast message;

[0364] The first value is the bit carried by the periodic synchronization signal sequence in the first information;

[0365] The second value is the number of types of periodic synchronization signal sequences supported by the terminal.

[0366] Optionally, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits, a first value, and a second value in the following manner: the bit value of the first number of bits is determined as a third value, and the second device identifier value is determined based on the first value, the second value, and the third value.

[0367] Optionally, the second device identifier value, the first value, the second value, and the third value satisfy the first expression: M-1=K*N1+N2, where M is the second device identifier value, K is the second value, N1 is the third value, and N2 is the first value.

[0368] Optionally, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a first value in the following manner: the bit value of the first number of bits is determined as a third value, a fourth value is determined based on the third value, and the second device identifier value is determined based on the first value, the third value, and the fourth value.

[0369] Optionally, the second device identifier value, the first value, the third value, and the fourth value satisfy a second expression: M-1 = N2 * L + N1, where M is the second device identifier value, L is the fourth value, N1 is the third value, N2 is the first value, and N1 = L-1.

[0370] Optionally, the second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a second value in the following manner: based on the second value, a fifth value is obtained; based on the first number of bits, a first number is determined and used as a sixth value; based on the fifth value and the sixth value, the second device identifier value is determined.

[0371] Optionally, the second and fifth values ​​satisfy the third expression: X = {rounded up [log2(K)]}, where X is the fifth value and K is the second value.

[0372] Optionally, the second device identifier value, the fifth value, and the sixth value satisfy the fourth expression: X + Y = {rounded up [log2(M)]}, where M is the second device identifier value, X is the fifth value, and Y is the sixth value.

[0373] Optionally, X is the high bit of the second number of bits, and Y is the low bit of the second number of bits; or X is the low bit of the second number of bits, and Y is the high bit of the second number of bits.

[0374] Optionally, the value of X+Y is equal to the bit value of the second number of bits, which is the sum of the bits of X and Y.

[0375] Optionally, if the first information includes the second broadcast information, the second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits, which are the bits carried in the second broadcast information.

[0376] Optionally, the second device identification value is determined based on a third number of bits in the following manner: the bit values ​​of the third number of bits are determined as the seventh value, and the second device identification value is determined based on the seventh value.

[0377] Optionally, the second device identifier value and the seventh value satisfy the fifth expression: Z = {rounded up [log2(M)]}, where M is the second device identifier value and Z is the seventh value.

[0378] Optionally, the first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include at least one of the following: first system information MIB and second system information SIB.

[0379] Optionally, when the first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include a MIB and a SIB, the MIB includes a fourth number of high bits carrying the second device identifier value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of low bits carrying the second device identifier value. Alternatively, the MIB includes a fourth number of low bits carrying the second device identifier value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of bits carrying the second device identifier value.

[0380] Optionally, the sum of the fourth and fifth quantities is equal to the first quantity.

[0381] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0382] This disclosure also provides a communication method for carrying a second device identification value, reader ID.

[0383] Assumption 1: The reader ID is obtained through the method of option1+option2, that is, by using periodic synchronization signals and broadcast information to obtain the reader ID.

[0384] Point 1: If K synchronization signal sequences are supported, N2 ranges from {0, 1, 2, ..., K-1}, and there are M reader IDs ranging from {0, 1, 2, ..., M-1}, then the formula M-1 = K × N1 + N2 is used to calculate the value of N1. The broadcast message then uses Y = {rounded up [log2(N1)]} bits to carry the reader ID information. Device behavior:

[0385] The device obtains the N2 value through the sequence of the blind detection synchronization signal, gets the N1 value through the Y bit indication in the broadcast information, and determines the reader ID value through K×N1+N2.

[0386] The broadcast information may consist of only MIB, only SIB, or both MIB and SIB.

[0387] When the broadcast information contains only MIB:

[0388] Example 1: If four synchronization signal sequences are supported, K=4, N2 has four possible values ​​{0, 1, 2, 3}. Assuming there are M=1008 reader IDs with a value range of {0, 1, 2, 3... 1007}, then 1007 = 4 × N1 + 3, so N1 = 251, and the value range is {0, 1, 2, 3... 251}. The MIB uses 8 bits to carry the remaining reader ID information. (In this case, some of the 8-bit indicators in the MIB have redundancy and can be reserved; that is, the 8 bits can indicate values ​​ranging from 0, 1... 255, resulting in 4 redundant bits).

[0389] Example 2: If four synchronization signal sequences are supported, K=4, and N2 has four possible values ​​{0, 1, 2, 3}. Assuming there are M=64 reader IDs with a value range of {0, 1, 2, 3...63}, then 63 = 4 × N1 + 3, so N1 = 15, and the value range is {0, 1, 2, 3... 15}. The MIB then uses 4 bits to carry the remaining reader ID information.

[0390] Example 3: If three synchronization signal sequences are supported, K=3, N2 has three possible values ​​{0, 1, 2}. Assuming there are M=1008 reader IDs with a value range of {0, 1, 2, 3... 1007}, then 1007 = 3 × N1 + 2, so N1 = 335, and the value range is {0, 1, 2, 3... 335}. The MIB uses 9 bits to carry the remaining reader ID information.

[0391] When the broadcast information is only SIB, the method is the same as the above-described only MIB indication, and the above-described embodiments 1, 2, and 3 are reused.

[0392] When the broadcast information is MIB+SIB, the Y = {rounded up [log2(N1)]} bits determined by invention point 1 are divided into two parts. The device obtains the remaining reader ID information, Y = a + b, by decoding the information in MIB and SIB. Bit a is placed in MIB, and bit a can be either the high a bit or the low a bit in Y. Bit b is placed in SIB, and bit b can be either the high b bit or the low b bit in Y.

[0393] Example 1: Bit a is placed in the MIB, which can be the high bit a in the Y bits, and bit b is placed in the SIB, which can be the low bit b in the Y bits.

[0394] Example 1: If four synchronization signal sequences are supported, K=4, N2 has four possible values ​​{0,1,2,3}. Assume there are M=1008 reader IDs, with a value range of {0,1,2,3……1007}. Then 1007 = 4 × N1 + N2, so N1 = 251, and the value range is {0,1,2,3…251}. Therefore, Y=8. The MIB uses 2 bits to carry the reader ID information, and the SIB uses 6 bits to carry the reader ID information.

[0395] Example: If Y = 8 is determined according to invention point 1, then 2 bits are carried as the high 2 bits in the MIB value, with a bit indication of 01, and 6 bits are carried as the low 6 bits in the SIB, with a bit indication of 000010. Then the bit indicating the broadcast information is 01000010, and the corresponding bit value is 66, that is, the N1 value is 66. At the same time, the number of supported sequences is 4, and the bit value N2 obtained through the synchronization sequence is 2. Then the reader ID = 4 × 66 + 2 = 266.

[0396] Example 2: If three synchronization signal sequences are supported, K=3, N2 has three possible values ​​{0, 1, 2}. Assuming there are M=1008 reader IDs with a value range of {0, 1, 2, 3... 1007}, then 1007 = 3 × N1 + 2, so N1 = 335, and the value range is {0, 1, 2, 3... 335}. Therefore, Y=9. The MIB uses 2 bits to carry the reader ID information, and the SIB uses 7 bits to carry the reader ID information.

[0397] Point 2: If K synchronization signal sequences are supported, then the value of N2 is {0, 1, 2, K-1}, and there are M reader IDs with values ​​ranging from {0, 1, 2, ..., M-1}. The formula M-1 = N2 × L + N1 is used to calculate the value of N1. The remaining reader ID information is then carried in the broadcast message using the bit value Y = {rounded up [log2(L)]}.

[0398] Device behavior: The device obtains the N2 value through the sequence of the blind detection synchronization signal, obtains the N1 value through the Y bit indication in the broadcast information, and determines the value of the reader ID by N2×L+N1.

[0399] The broadcast information can be MIB or SIB only, or MIB+SIB.

[0400] When the broadcast information contains only MIB:

[0401] • Example 1: If K = 4 synchronization signal sequences are supported, and N2 takes the value {0, 1, 2, 3}, assuming there are M = 1008 reader IDs with values ​​ranging from {0, 1, 2, 3... 1007}, then according to the formula in point 2 of the invention, and N1 = L - 1, considering all the values ​​of M, L = 256 is calculated. Therefore, 8 bits are needed to carry in the broadcast information to indicate the reader ID. The device calculates the reader ID according to the formula N2 × L + N1.

[0402] The specific instructions are as follows: When four synchronization sequences are supported, the value range of N2 is {0,1,2,3}.

[0403] When N2 is 0, the MIB uses 8 bits, which can indicate a range of 0×256+255, i.e. {0,1,2,3,…255}. Therefore, the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 0×255+{0,1,2,3,…255}={0,1,2,3,…255}.

[0404] When N2 is 1, the MIB uses 8 bits and can indicate the range {0,1,2,3,…255}. Therefore, the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 1×256+{0,1,2,3,…255}={256,257,258,…511}.

[0405] When N2 is 2, the MIB uses 8 bits, which can indicate the range {0,1,2,3,…255}. Therefore, the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 2×256+{0,1,2,3,…255}={512,511,512,513,…767}.

[0406] When K is 3, the MIB uses 8 bits, which can indicate the range {0,1,2,3,…255}. Therefore, the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 3×256+{0,1,2,3,…255}={768,………1023} (but in reality, only up to 1007 is needed. So, when K=3, some of the bit values ​​indicated by the 8 bits in the MIB are redundant, but the amount of redundancy is relatively small. These redundant bits can be used as reserved bits).

[0407] • Example 2: If K = 4 synchronization signal sequences are supported, and the value of N2 is {0, 1, 2, 3}, assuming there are M = 64 reader IDs with a value range of {0, 1, 2, 3……63}, then according to the formula in point 2 of the invention, and when the maximum value of M is 63, N1 = L - 1, we can calculate L = 16, 63 = 3 × 16 + N1, so we can calculate N1 = 15. Therefore, the MIB needs Y = 4 bits to indicate the remaining reader IDs.

[0408] The specific instructions are as follows: When four synchronization sequences are supported, the value range of K is {0,1,2,3}.

[0409] When K is 0, the MIB uses 4 bits, which can indicate a range of 0×16+15, i.e. {0,1,2,3,…15}. Therefore, the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 0×16+{0,1,2,3,…15}={0,1,2,3,…15}.

[0410] When K is 1, 4 bits are used in the MIB, so the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 1×16+{0,1,2,3,…15}={16,17,………31}.

[0411] When K is 2, 4 bits are used in the MIB, so the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 2×16+{0,1,2,3,…15}={32,33,…………47}.

[0412] When K is 3, 4 bits are used in the MIB, so the range of reader IDs that can be indicated is: 3×16+{0,1,2,3,…15}={48,………63}.

[0413] When the broadcast information is MIB+SIB, bit a is placed in MIB, and bit a can be either the high bit a or the low bit a in Y bits. Bit b is placed in SIB, and bit b can be either the high bit b or the low bit b in Y bits.

[0414] Example 1: Calculate the Y value according to invention point 2. The a bit is placed in the MIB, which can be the high a bit of the Y bit. The b bit is placed in the SIB, which can be the low b bit of the Y bit.

[0415] • Example 1: If K = 4 synchronization signal sequences are supported, and the value of N2 is {0, 1, 2, 3}, assuming there are M = 1008 reader IDs with a value range of {0, 1, 2, 3……1007}, then Y = 8 is calculated. In the MIB, a = 2 bits are used to indicate the reader ID, and b = 6 bits are used to indicate the reader ID in the SIB.

[0416] When the broadcast information is SIB only, the method is the same as that for MIB only, reusing the embodiment in point 2 of the invention described above.

[0417] Point 3: If K synchronization signal sequences are supported, then X = {rounded up [log2(K)]} bits are used as the high X bits, and Y bits are used as the low Y bits in the broadcast information. X + Y = {rounded up [log2(M)]}, where M represents the number of supported reader IDs. The high X bits and low Y bits are combined as the indicator bits of the reader ID.

[0418] It can also support K types of synchronization signal sequences, where X = {rounded up [log2(K)]} bits are used as the low X bits, and Y bits are used as the high Y bits in broadcast information, X + Y = {rounded up [log2(M)]}, where M represents the number of supported reader IDs, and the low X bits and high Y bits are combined as the indicator bits of the reader ID.

[0419] When the broadcast information is only MIB:

[0420] Example 1: If a sequence supports 4 types of synchronization signals, then X = 2 bits. If there are 1008 reader IDs, then X + Y = 10, and Y = 8 bits. That is, the MIB uses 8 bits to indicate the reader ID.

[0421] If the device obtains the high X bit as 01 through the sequence of the blind detection synchronization signal, and obtains the low 8 bits as 00001011 by decoding the information in the MIB, then the bit value of X+Y is 0100001011, and the device obtains the reader ID as 267.

[0422] Example 2: If a sequence supports 4 types of synchronization signals, then X = 2 bits, there are M = 64 reader IDs, then X + Y = 6, then Y = 4 bits, that is, the MIB uses 4 bits to indicate the reader ID.

[0423] If the device obtains the high X as 01 through the sequence of the blind detection synchronization signal, and obtains the low 4 bits as 1011 by decoding the information in the MIB, then the bit position of X+Y is 011011, and the device obtains the reader ID as 27.

[0424] When the broadcast information is MIB+SIB, Y = a+b, bit a is placed in MIB, and bit a can be either the high a bit or the low a bit in Y, and bit b is placed in SIB, and bit b can be either the high b bit or the low b bit in Y.

[0425] Example 1: If a sequence supports 4 types of synchronization signals, then X = 2 bits. If there are 1008 reader IDs, then X + Y = 10, and Y = 8 bits. That is, 8 bits are used in MIB + SIB to indicate the reader ID.

[0426] The device obtains the high 2 bits as 01 by blindly detecting the sequence, obtains the second high 2 bits as 11 by decoding the MIB, and obtains the low 6 bits as 001100 by decoding the SIB. The bit value obtained by the synchronization signal and broadcast information is 0111001100, and the corresponding reader ID value is 460.

[0427] Example 2: If the sequence supports 3 types of synchronization signals, then X = 2 bits. There are 64 reader IDs, so X + Y = 6, and Y = 4 bits. That is, 4 bits are used in MIB + SIB to indicate the reader ID.

[0428] The device obtains the high 2 bits as 01 by blindly detecting the sequence, obtains the second high 2 bits as 11 by decoding the MIB, and obtains the low 2 bits as 01 by decoding the SIB. The bit value obtained by the synchronization signal and broadcast information is 011101, and the corresponding reader ID value is 29.

[0429] When the broadcast information is SIB only, the method is the same as when the broadcast information is MIB only, and embodiments 1 and 2 are reused.

[0430] Point 4: The device obtains N1 bits through blind detection of the synchronization sequence and N2 bits through broadcast information. The bit value indicated by N1 bits is 'a', and the bit value indicated by N2 bits is 'b'. The device obtains the reader ID by multiplying a by b. (After verification, this method misses many bit values. It is included here for the sake of the comprehensiveness of the solution, but it is actually not feasible).

[0431] Example: If a sequence supports four synchronization signals, then N1 = 2 bits are used for indication, with the indicated bit value 'a' ranging from {1, 2, 3, 4}. There are 1008 reader IDs, with values ​​ranging from {0, 1, 2, ..., 1007}. The MIB uses 8 bits for indication, with the indicated bit value 'b' ranging from {0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 255}. The values ​​of a × b are shown in the third column of the table below. As can be seen from Table 1, this multiplication method misses many values, missing 5 and 7 values ​​within the range of 1-10, and 11, 13, 14, 17, and 19 values ​​within the range of 10-20.

[0432] Table 1

[0433] N1 N2 a×b 00 a＝1 b{0,1,2,3…………255} {0,1,2,3…………255} 01 a＝2 b{0,1,2,3…………255} {0,2,4,6…………510} 10 a＝3 b{0,1,2,3…………255} [0,3,6,9…………765} 11 a＝4 b{0,1,2,3…………255} {0,4,8,12…………1020}

[0434] Assumption 2: The device obtains the reader ID through option 1, that is, it obtains the reader ID only through broadcast information.

[0435] Point 1: The reader ID is obtained only through the MIB information in the broadcast message.

[0436] Example 1: If the number of supported reader IDs is M, then Mib carries {rounded up [log2(M)]} bits to indicate the reader ID.

[0437] Example 1: If the number of supported reader IDs is 1008, then {round up[log2(M)]} = 10, and the MIB uses 10 bits to indicate the reader ID.

[0438] Example 2: If the number of supported reader IDs is 64, then {round up[log2(M)]} = 6, and the MIB uses 6 bits to indicate the reader ID.

[0439] Point 2: Obtain the reader ID through the MIB+SIB information in the broadcast message.

[0440] Example 1: If the number of supported reader IDs is M, then X = {rounded up [log2(M)]}, a bits are carried in the MIB, where a bits can be either the high a bits or the low a bits of X bits, and b bits are carried in the SIB, where b bits can be either the high b bits or the low b bits of X bits, and a + b = X bits are used to indicate the reader ID.

[0441] Example: If the number of supported reader IDs is 1008, then {round up [log2(M)]} = 10. The MIB uses 2 bits to indicate the reader ID, which are the high 2 bits of the 10 bits. For example, if the bit value is 00, the SIB uses 8 bits to indicate the reader ID, which are the low 8 bits of the 10 bits. For example, if the bit value is 00001000, then after the device decodes the MIB and SIB, it obtains a total bit indication of 0000001000, and can determine that the value of the reader ID is 8.

[0442] Example: If the number of supported reader IDs is 64, then {round up [log2(M)]} = 6. In the MIB, the reader ID is indicated by 2 bits, which are the high 2 bits of the 6 bits. For example, if the bit value is 00, the reader ID is indicated by 4 bits in the SIB, which are the low 4 bits of the 6 bits. For example, if the bit value is 1100, then after the device decodes the MIB and SIB, the total bit indication is 001100, and the value of the reader ID can be determined to be 12.

[0443] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0444] This disclosure also proposes an apparatus (also referred to as a communication device, etc.) for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the first device in any of the above methods. Furthermore, another apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the second device (e.g., an access network device, a core network functional node, a core network device, etc.) in any of the above methods.

[0445] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through a configuration file, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0446] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. In addition, it can also be hardware circuits designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as ASICs, such as Neural Network Processing Units (NPUs), Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), and Deep Learning Processing Units (DPUs).

[0447] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of the terminal structure proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. The terminal 5100 is used to execute any of the above methods.

[0448] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4A As shown, terminal 5100 may include at least one of the following: transceiver module 5101, processing module 5102, etc.

[0449] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 5101 is used to receive first information. Optionally, the transceiver module 5101 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., step S2101, step S3101, but not limited thereto) performed by the first device in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here. Optionally, the processing module 5102 is used to perform other steps (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto) performed by the terminal in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0450] Figure 4BThis is a schematic diagram of the network device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. The network device 5200 is used to perform any of the above methods.

[0451] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4B As shown, network device 5200 may include at least one of the following: transceiver module 5201, processing module 5202, etc.

[0452] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 5201 is used to send first information. Optionally, the transceiver module 5201 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., steps S2101, S3101, but not limited thereto) performed by the second device in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here. Optionally, the processing module 5202 is used to perform other steps (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto) performed by the network device in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0453] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. The communication device 6100 can be a second device (e.g., an access network device, a core network device, etc.), a first device (e.g., a user equipment, etc.), a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the second device in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the first device in implementing any of the above methods. The communication device 6100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0454] like Figure 5A As shown, the communication device 6100 is used to execute any of the above methods. In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 includes one or more processors 6101. The processor 6101 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit may be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, terminal devices, terminal device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 6100 is used to execute any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 6101 are used to invoke instructions to cause the communication device 6100 to execute any of the above methods.

[0455] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more transceivers 6102. When the communication device 6100 includes one or more transceivers 6102, the transceiver 6102 performs at least one of the communication steps (e.g., steps S2101, S3101, but not limited thereto) in the above method, such as sending and / or receiving, while the processor 6101 performs other steps (e.g., step S2102). In optional embodiments, the transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, interface, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, sending unit, transmitter, sending circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, receiving circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0456] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more memories 6103 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, one or more processors 6101 are used to invoke instructions stored in the memory 6103 to cause the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, all or part of the memory 6103 may also be located outside the communication device 6100. In an optional embodiment, the communication device 6100 may include one or more interface circuits 6104. Optionally, the interface circuit 6104 is connected to the memory 6103 and can be used to receive data and / or instructions from the memory 6103 or other devices, and can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memory 6103 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 6104 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memory 6103 and send the data and / or instructions to the processor 6101.

[0457] The communication device 6100 described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the communication device 6100 described in this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 6100 may vary. Figure 5A The limitations. The communication device may be a standalone device or part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally including storage components for storing data, programs and / or instructions; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, terminal device, smart terminal device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle device, network device, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0458] Figure 5BThis is a schematic diagram of the chip structure proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. For cases where the communication device 6100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to... Figure 5B The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the structure of chip 6200, but it is not limited to this.

[0459] Chip 6200 includes one or more processors 6201. Chip 6200 is used to perform any of the methods described above.

[0460] In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more interface circuits 6202. Optionally, terms such as interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pin can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more memories 6203 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, all or part of the memories 6203 may be located outside of chip 6200. Optionally, interface circuit 6202 is connected to memory 6203, and interface circuit 6202 can be used to receive data and / or instructions from memory 6203 or other devices, and interface circuit 6202 can be used to send data and / or instructions to memory 6203 or other devices. For example, interface circuit 6202 can read data and / or instructions stored in memory 6203 and send the data and / or instructions to processor 6201.

[0461] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 6202 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S2101, S3101, but not limited thereto). For example, the interface circuit 6202 performing the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method means that the interface circuit 6202 performs data and / or instruction interaction between the processor 6201, the chip 6200, the memory 6203, or the transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 6201 performs other steps (e.g., step S2102).

[0462] The modules and / or devices described in the various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be combined or separated arbitrarily as needed. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0463] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0464] This disclosure also proposes a program product, including a program and / or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, cause the communication device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product. Optionally, the program product is stored on the storage medium.

[0465] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Performed by a first device, the method includes: Receive first information, which is used to determine the second device identifier value; The first information includes a first broadcast message and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, and the second device identifier value is determined based on at least one bit carried in the first broadcast message and the periodic synchronization signal sequence; or The first information includes second broadcast information, and the second device identifier value is determined based on the bits carried in the second broadcast information.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first information includes a first broadcast message and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identifier value is determined based on at least one of the following: The first number of bits, which are the bits carried in the first broadcast information; The first value is the bit carried by the periodic synchronization signal sequence in the first information; The second value is the number of types of periodic synchronization signal sequences supported by the first device.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits, a first value, and a second value in the following manner: The bit values ​​of the first number of bits are determined as the third value; A second device identifier value is determined based on the first value, the second value, and the third value.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second device identifier value, the first value, the second value, and the third value satisfy the first expression: M-1 = K*N1 + N2; Where M is the second device identifier value, K is the second value, N1 is the third value, and N2 is the first value.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a first value in the following manner: The bit values ​​of the first number of bits are determined as the third value; Based on the third value, determine the fourth value; Based on the first value, the third value, and the fourth value, a second device identification value is determined.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second device identifier value, the first value, the third value, and the fourth value satisfy the second expression: M-1 = N2*L + N1; Where M is the second device identifier value, L is the fourth value, N1 is the third value, and N2 is the first value; The N1 = L-1.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a second value in the following manner: Based on the second value, the fifth value is obtained; Based on the first number of bits, a first quantity is determined as the sixth value; Based on the fifth and sixth values, the second device identification value is determined.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second value and the fifth value satisfy the third expression: X = {rounded up [log2(K)]}, where X is the fifth value and K is the second value; The second device identifier value, the fifth value, and the sixth value satisfy the fourth expression: X + Y = {rounded up [log2(M)]}; Where M is the second device identifier value, X is the fifth value, and Y is the sixth value.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, X is the high-order bit in the second number of bits, and Y is the low-order bit in the second number of bits; or X is the low bit in the second number of bits, and Y is the high bit in the second number of bits; Wherein, the value of X+Y is equal to the bit value of the second number of bits, and the second number of bits is the sum of the bits of X and Y.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first information includes the second broadcast information, the second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits; the third number of bits are the bits carried in the second broadcast information.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits in the following manner: The bit values ​​of the third number of bits are determined as the seventh value; Based on the seventh value, the second device identification value is determined.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The second device identifier value and the seventh value satisfy the fifth expression: Z = {rounded up [log2(M)]}; Where M is the second device identifier value and Z is the seventh value.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include at least one of the following: First System Information MIB; Second System Information (SIB).

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include MIB and SIB; The MIB includes a fourth number of high bits carrying the second device identification value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of low bits carrying the second device identification value; or The MIB includes a fourth number of low bits carrying the second device identifier value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of high bits carrying the second device identifier value; The sum of the fourth quantity and the fifth quantity is the first quantity.

15. A communication method, characterized in that, Performed by a second device, the method includes: Send a first message, which is used to determine the second device identifier value; The first information includes a first broadcast message and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, and the second device identifier value is determined based on at least one bit carried in the first broadcast message and the periodic synchronization signal sequence; or The first information includes second broadcast information, and the second device identifier value is determined based on the bits carried in the second broadcast information.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, When the first information includes a first broadcast message and a periodic synchronization signal sequence, the second device identifier value is determined based on at least one of the following: The first number of bits, which are the bits carried in the first broadcast information; The first value is the bit carried by the periodic synchronization signal sequence in the first information; The second value is the number of types of periodic synchronization signal sequences supported by the first device.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits, a first value, and a second value in the following manner: The bit values ​​of the first number of bits are determined as the third value; A second device identifier value is determined based on the first value, the second value, and the third value.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The second device identifier value, the first value, the second value, and the third value satisfy the first expression: M-1 = K*N1 + N2; Where M is the second device identifier value, K is the second value, N1 is the third value, and N2 is the first value.

19. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a first value in the following manner: The bit values ​​of the first number of bits are determined as the third value; Based on the third value, determine the fourth value; Based on the first value, the third value, and the fourth value, a second device identification value is determined.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The second device identifier value, the first value, the third value, and the fourth value satisfy the second expression: M-1 = N2*L + N1; Where M is the second device identifier value, L is the fourth value, N1 is the third value, and N2 is the first value; The N1 = L-1.

21. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The second device identifier value is determined based on a first number of bits and a second value in the following manner: Based on the second value, the fifth value is obtained; Based on the first number of bits, a first quantity is determined as the sixth value; Based on the fifth and sixth values, the second device identification value is determined.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The second value and the fifth value satisfy the third expression: X = {rounded up [log2(K)]}, where X is the fifth value and K is the second value; The second device identifier value, the fifth value, and the sixth value satisfy the fourth expression: X + Y = {rounded up [log2(M)]}; Where M is the second device identifier value, X is the fifth value, and Y is the sixth value.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that, X is the high-order bit in the second number of bits, and Y is the low-order bit in the second number of bits; or X is the low bit in the second number of bits, and Y is the high bit in the second number of bits; Wherein, the value of X+Y is equal to the bit value of the second number of bits, and the second number of bits is the sum of the bits of X and Y.

24. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, When the first information includes the second broadcast information, the second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits; the third number of bits are the bits carried in the second broadcast information.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, The second device identifier value is determined based on a third number of bits in the following manner: The bit values ​​of the third number of bits are determined as the seventh value; Based on the seventh value, the second device identification value is determined.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that, The second device identifier value and the seventh value satisfy the fifth expression: Z = {rounded up [log2(M)]}; Where M is the second device identifier value and Z is the seventh value.

27. The method according to any one of claims 15-26, characterized in that, The first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include at least one of the following: First System Information MIB; Second System Information (SIB).

28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that, The first broadcast information and the second broadcast information include MIB and SIB; The MIB includes a fourth number of high bits carrying the second device identification value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of low bits carrying the second device identification value; or The MIB includes a fourth number of low bits carrying the second device identifier value, and the SIB includes a fifth number of high bits carrying the second device identifier value; The sum of the fourth quantity and the fifth quantity is the first quantity.

29. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is used to perform the communication method according to any one of claims 1-14 and 15-28.

30. A communication system, characterized in that, The device includes a first device and a second device, wherein the first device is configured to implement the communication method of any one of claims 1-14, and the second device is configured to implement the communication method of any one of claims 15-28.

31. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction is executed on the communication device, the communication device performs the communication method as described in any one of claims 1-14 and 15-28.

32. A program product comprising at least one of a program and instructions, characterized in that, When at least one of the programs or instructions is executed by the communication device, it implements the communication method according to any one of claims 1-14 and 15-28.

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