Rock blasting structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of engineering blasting, and provides a rock mass blasting structure which comprises a rock mass and a plurality of shot holes arranged on the working face of the rock mass, each shot hole is sequentially provided with a sandbag, an energy gathering piece, an explosive, an air column, blister mud and a plug from inside to outside, a detonator is arranged in the explosive, the detonator is connected with a detonating cord extending out of the shot hole, and the detonating cord is connected with the air column. The sandbag, the energy gathering piece, the explosive, the air column, the blister mud and the plug are sequentially placed in the shot hole, the rock mass is blasted, the blasting utilization rate is high, and the construction progress and the tunneling efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engineering blasting, in particular to a rock mass blasting structure. Background Art

[0002] Blasting hazard control has always been an important topic in the field of engineering blasting, and is crucial for the construction of hydropower, railways, mining and other projects. In order to achieve the smoothness of the tunnel excavation contour, smooth blasting technology is often used. However, this technology still has some problems, such as peripheral hole blasting easily leads to over-excavation or under-excavation, and the direction of rock crack formation cannot be accurately controlled, and cracks are easily formed in other directions, thus affecting the formation effect of the tunnel contour, resulting in slow construction progress and low excavation efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to provide a rock blasting structure to solve the above technical problems, with high blasting utilization rate and improved construction progress and excavation efficiency.

[0004] The embodiment of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme: a rock blasting structure, including a rock mass and a plurality of blastholes arranged on a working surface of the rock mass, wherein the blastholes are provided with sandbags, energy-gathering parts, explosives, air columns, blister mud and plugging in sequence from the inside to the outside, and detonators are provided in the explosives, and the detonators are connected with detonating cords extending outside the blastholes.

[0005] Furthermore, the explosive jacket is provided with an energy-gathering tube, which is circumferentially divided into a clamping section and an energy-gathering section, the outer wall of the clamping section is provided with a support ear for clamping the inner wall of the blasthole, and the outer wall of the energy-gathering section is provided with a plurality of pre-cracks for adjusting the blasting direction.

[0006] Preferably, the thickness of the clamping section is greater than the thickness of the energy gathering section.

[0007] Preferably, the support ear is a fan-shaped frustum thin-wall structure, and the small-diameter end of the support ear faces the direction in which the energy-gathering tube is inserted into the blasthole.

[0008] Furthermore, the energy concentrator is in the shape of a hollow or solid flying saucer, and the axis of the energy concentrator coincides with the axis of the blasthole.

[0009] Furthermore, the energy concentrating member is made of steel material.

[0010] Furthermore, the air column is a hollow PE plastic column filled with air.

[0011] The utility model has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: by sequentially placing sandbags, energy-gathering pieces, explosives, air columns, blister mud and plugging into the blastholes, the rock mass is blasted, the blasting utilization rate is high, and the construction progress and excavation efficiency are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the utility model and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a rock blasting structure provided by the utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a front view of an energy-gathering tube in a rock blasting structure provided by the utility model;

[0015] Figure 3 A side view of an energy-gathering tube in a rock blasting structure provided by the utility model;

[0016] Icons: 1-rock mass, 10-blasthole, 2-sandbag, 3-energy-gathering piece, 4-explosive, 5-air column, 6-blister mud, 7-plugging, 81-detonator, 82-detonating cord, 9-energy-gathering tube, 91-clamping section, 911-support ear, 92-energy-gathering section, 921-pre-crack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the utility model described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0018] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to be protected, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example

[0020] like Figure 1-3As shown, in this embodiment, a rock blasting structure is mainly disclosed, including a rock mass 1 and a plurality of blastholes 10 arranged on the working surface of the rock mass 1. The blastholes 10 are provided with sandbags 2, energy-gathering parts 3, explosives 4, air columns 5, blister mud 6 and plugs 7 in sequence from the inside to the outside. The explosives 4 are provided with detonators 81, and the detonators 81 are connected with detonating cords 82 extending to the outside of the blastholes 10. It should be noted that the sandbags 2 can be cloth bags and plastic bags for holding sand and gravel; the explosives 4 are conventional emulsion explosives 4, which are detonated by detonating cords 82 and detonators 81; the blister mud 6 can be made of a cylindrical polyethylene plastic bag filled with water and sealed, and the length is generally about 250-300 mm and the diameter is slightly smaller The utility model relates to a blasthole, which plays the role of extinguishing flame, lowering temperature, eliminating dust and reducing toxic gas; the plugging 7 adopts conventional gun mud to seal the blasthole 10, increase the resistance of the eye mouth when the explosive 4 in the blasthole 10 explodes, and prevent the high-pressure gas formed when the explosive 4 in the blasthole 10 explodes from spraying out from the eye mouth, thereby achieving an ideal blasting effect and realizing the purpose of safe blasting; during installation, the rock powder in the blasthole 10 is first cleaned, and the sandbag 2, the energy-gathering member 3, the explosive 4, the air column 5 and the blister mud 6 are pushed into the blasthole 10 in sequence with a wooden or bamboo stick, and then the plugging 7 is slowly and forcefully squeezed and in close contact with the wall of the blasthole 10 to prevent the various parts of the materials in the blasthole 10 from being in loose contact or falling off.

[0021] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, an energy-gathering tube 9 is disposed on the outer cover of the explosive 4 provided in the embodiment of the utility model, and the energy-gathering tube 9 is divided into a clamping section 91 and an energy-gathering section 92 along the circumferential direction. A support ear 911 for clamping the inner wall of the blasthole 10 is provided on the outer wall of the clamping section 91, and a plurality of pre-cracks 921 for adjusting the blasting direction are opened on the outer wall of the energy-gathering section 92; specifically, the thickness of the clamping section 91 is greater than that of the energy-gathering section 92; the support ear 911 is a fan-shaped frustum thin-walled structure, and the small-diameter end of the support ear 911 faces the direction in which the energy-gathering tube 9 is inserted into the blasthole 10; it should be noted that the directional blasting can be adjusted according to the actual The curvature, direction and distribution of the clamping section 91 and the energy-gathering section 92 are set according to the needs. The opening of the pre-crack 921 should ensure that the blasting force can easily rupture the energy-gathering section 92, so that the blasting force can be smoothly released outward from the cracking mouth, thereby realizing concentrated enhancement and directional release. The support ear 911 is clamped with the inner wall of the blasthole 10 to realize the one-way insertion of the energy-gathering tube 9, provide support for the explosive 4, and effectively fix the position of the explosive 4. At the same time, it avoids the contact between the explosive 4 and the inner wall of the blasthole 10, reduces the problem of moisture or special reaction caused by direct contact between the explosive 4 and underground materials, and improves the safety of the operation.

[0022] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the energy-gathering member 3 provided in the embodiment of the utility model is hollow or solid in the shape of a flying saucer, and the axis of the energy-gathering member 3 coincides with the axis of the blasthole 10; the energy-gathering member 3 is made of steel material, and it should be noted that the energy-gathering member 3 is close to the inner wall of the blasthole 10. If the energy-gathering member 3 is hollow, it will be deformed under the action of the explosion wave until it is compressed and ruptured, releasing the energy accumulated inside to propagate in the radial direction of the inner wall of the blasthole 10, which has an obvious cutting effect; if the energy-gathering member 3 is solid, it will be affected by the explosion wave, and the interface between the energy-gathering member 3 and the sandbag 2 will produce wave reflections in different directions, mainly toward the mouth and inner wall of the blasthole 10, thereby increasing the blasting energy to the rock mass 1 and reducing the blasting damage to the bottom of the hole.

[0023] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the air column 5 provided in the embodiment of the utility model is a hollow column of PE plastic filled with air, which is low in cost and easy to produce.

[0024] The specific working method and principle of the utility model are as follows: the explosion wave generated by the explosion of the explosive 4 propagates outwards, first contacts the energy-gathering tube 9, and due to the wall thickness difference and the setting of the pre-crack 921, the energy-gathering section 92 is first broken, and the blasting direction is the fan-shaped angle direction of the energy-gathering section 92, which plays a role in concentrated enhancement and directional release of the blasting force; then contacts the air column 5, so that the air column 5 has kinetic energy, forming an air shock wave with a steep wave head, which propagates in the undisturbed air. When the air shock wave encounters the hole wall, the speed instantly becomes zero, and the kinetic energy is converted into quasi-static energy and stored in the compressed air, which actually plays a buffering role. Since the kinetic energy of the explosion wave is absorbed and buffered by the air column 5, the blast hole 10 The peak impact pressure on the wall is significantly reduced; with the action of the detonation pressure, the compressed air column 5 begins to release the stored quasi-static energy and produces a large amount of gas, so that the wall of the blasthole 10 is subjected to the quasi-static pressure for a long time, prolonging the action time, and finally making the rock mass 1 wall evenly stressed; and after the energy-gathering piece 3 contacts the explosion wave, it produces reflection on the contact interface between it and the sandbag 2, and propagates toward the mouth of the blasthole 10 and the surrounding area, on the one hand, increasing the blasting energy to the rock mass 1, on the other hand, reducing the blasting hazard to the bottom of the blasthole 10; the explosion wave propagated to the sandbag 2 is further absorbed by the energy dissipation, further reducing the blasting hazard to the bottom of the blasthole 10, with a high blasting utilization rate, thereby improving the construction progress and excavation efficiency.

[0025] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may be subject to various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock blasting structure, comprising a rock mass (1) and a plurality of blast holes (10) arranged on a working surface of the rock mass (1), characterized in that: The blasthole (10) is provided with a sandbag (2), an energy-gathering member (3), explosives (4), an air column (5), blister mud (6) and a plug (7) in sequence from the inside to the outside. A detonator (81) is provided in the explosive (4), and the detonator (81) is connected to a detonating cord (82) extending outside the blasthole (10).

2. A rock blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive (4) is provided with an energy-gathering tube (9) on its outer sleeve. The energy-gathering tube (9) is divided into a clamping section (91) and an energy-gathering section (92) along the circumferential direction. The clamping section (91) is provided with a support ear (911) on its outer wall for clamping the inner wall of the blasthole (10). The energy-gathering section (92) is provided with a plurality of pre-cracks (921) on its outer wall for adjusting the blasting direction.

3. A rock blasting structure as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the clamping section (91) is greater than the thickness of the energy gathering section (92).

4. A rock blasting structure as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The support ear (911) is a fan-shaped frustum thin-wall structure, and the small-diameter end of the support ear (911) faces the direction in which the energy-gathering tube (9) is inserted into the blasthole (10).

5. A rock blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy concentrator (3) is in the shape of a hollow or solid flying saucer, and the axis of the energy concentrator (3) coincides with the axis of the blasthole (10).

6. A rock blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy concentrating member (3) is made of steel.

7. A rock blasting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air column (5) is a hollow PE plastic column filled with air.

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