Slidable five-point positioning ruler

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of medical technology auxiliary tools, in particular to a slidable five-point positioning ruler which is applied to a spine minimally invasive surgery needing multi-point body surface marking. The slidable five-point positioning ruler is composed of two straight rulers with the same length, the two straight rulers are fixed between the two straight rulers so that the two straight rulers can rotate around the same axis, meanwhile, movable markers are arranged on the two straight rulers respectively and used for accurate positioning, body surface marking can be conducted through lightproof metal markers under X-ray fluoroscopy, and the positioning accuracy is improved. Not only can marking point positions be accurately marked, but also multi-point marking can be carried out at the same time, and the requirement of minimally invasive spine surgery is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of medical technical auxiliary tools, in particular to a slidable five-point positioning ruler. Background Art

[0002] Minimally invasive surgery is the development direction of spinal surgery, and precise positioning is a prerequisite for achieving minimally invasive surgery. In existing minimally invasive techniques, such as UBE, percutaneous pedicle screw placement, and percutaneous dorsal medial branch block, multiple body surface positioning points need to be marked simultaneously during the operation to achieve precise positioning of the skin incision or puncture point.

[0003] The traditional method is to mark the body surface with opaque metal markers under X-ray fluoroscopy. Commonly used tools include Kirschner wires or grid-shaped positioning plates.

[0004] However, it is difficult to achieve multiple-point marking at the same time using a Kirschner wire as a marker, which increases the time and number of fluoroscopy times for preoperative surface positioning. If multiple Kirschner wires are used for surface positioning at the same time, multiple Kirschner wires need to be placed on the patient's body surface, which brings inconvenience to the operation. Although the grid-like positioning plate can achieve multiple-point marking at the same time, there is no need to repeatedly adjust the position of the positioning plate, but the position of each marking point is relatively fixed, making it difficult to achieve accurate positioning. In addition, the marking points on the positioning plate have different shapes, and selecting marking points is not intuitive and relatively complicated.

[0005] In addition to Kirschner wires and grid-shaped positioning plates, computer-assisted navigation and surgical robot technology can also be used in existing minimally invasive technologies to achieve preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation. However, the popularity of computer-assisted navigation and surgical robots is not high. Traditional X-ray fluoroscopy positioning is still the most widely used intraoperative positioning method in clinical practice. Therefore, for minimally invasive spinal surgery, there is still a lack of a preoperative locator that is suitable for X-ray fluoroscopy, can meet the requirements of simultaneous multi-point positioning in minimally invasive surgery, and can accurately mark, easily read, and is easy to adjust. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology and overcome the above shortcomings, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application is to design a slidable five-point positioning ruler by utilizing the anatomical structure characteristics of the spine in order to meet the multi-point positioning marking requirements of minimally invasive spinal surgery.

[0008] The slidable five-point positioning ruler is mainly composed of two equal-length rulers, namely ruler A and ruler B;

[0009] Furthermore, the A ruler and the B ruler are both cylindrical rulers;

[0010] Furthermore, the rulers A and B are respectively punched with holes at the center and connected with a fixed axis, so that the rulers A and B form a cross position relationship, so that the rulers A and B can rotate coaxially, and the rotation range of the rulers A and B can be controlled separately, and the intersection of the rulers A and B can form four angles of the same or different degrees;

[0011] Furthermore, the length of the A ruler and the B ruler are 20 cm and the diameter is 3 mm respectively;

[0012] Furthermore, the fixed axis is called the O axis. When the positioning ruler is placed flat, the O axis is a point from the perspective of the main view, which is called point O.

[0013] Furthermore, the A and B rulers are marked with scales as needed to facilitate reading: with point O as the origin, scales are marked on the upper and lower ends of the A and B rulers respectively, with an interval of 1 mm between scales, and the range of the scales marked on the upper and lower ends of the A and B rulers is 0-10 cm.

[0014] The point O separates the ruler A and ruler B into two symmetrical parts, one above and one below, and four movable markers a, b, c, and d are respectively provided on the four separated ruler parts;

[0015] Furthermore, the four movable markers a, b, c, d can be flexibly placed on the A ruler and the B ruler by means of clamping, sleeves, etc. or a combination of multiple methods, so that the markers are easy to fix and slide;

[0016] Furthermore, the four movable markers a, b, c, d are quadrangular prism structures;

[0017] Furthermore, the lengths of the quadrangular prism-shaped markers a, b, and c are 1 cm, and the length of the quadrangular prism-shaped marker d is 2 cm;

[0018] Furthermore, at least one of the markers a, b, c, and d is different in size or shape from the other three markers, such as marker d is longer than the other three markers a, b, and c. This design is to find at least one positioning point, and use this point to distinguish the relative left-right position relationship between the positioning ruler and the vertebral anatomical feature point, so as to facilitate position adjustment;

[0019] Furthermore, the ruler A and ruler B and the markers a, b, c, d are all made of metal.

[0020] Taking the marker as a quadrangular prism as an example, the quadrangular prisms a and d are respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the A ruler, and the long sides of the quadrangular prisms a and d are perpendicular to the A ruler and penetrated by the A ruler, that is, the quadrangular prisms a and d are sleeved on the A ruler, so that the quadrangular prisms a and d can slide flexibly on the upper and lower parts of the A ruler, and can ensure that the quadrangular prisms a and d will not deviate in other directions except sliding along the A ruler during the sliding process;

[0021] Further, the quadrangular prisms b and c are respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the B ruler, and the long sides of the quadrangular prisms b and c are perpendicular to the B ruler and penetrated by the B ruler, that is, the quadrangular prisms b and c are sleeved on the B ruler so that the quadrangular prisms b and c can slide flexibly on the upper and lower parts of the B ruler, and can ensure that the quadrangular prisms b and c do not deviate in other directions except sliding along the A ruler during the sliding process;

[0022] Since the spinal anatomical structure has the characteristic of left and right contralateral sides, point O is used as the central symmetrical fixed point. By rotating the A ruler and the B ruler to appropriate positions, and then moving the quadrangular prisms a and d on the A ruler and the quadrangular prisms b and c on the B ruler, the projection of the four intersections formed by the quadrangular prisms a, b, c, and d can be used to simultaneously mark the surface marks of point O and the four anatomical feature points on the left and right of the corresponding upper and lower vertebrae.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0024] 1. This application sets point O as a fixed point, adjusts the angles of the two cylindrical rulers as needed, rotates the two cylindrical rulers to appropriate positions, and then slides the four-prism on the cylindrical ruler to determine the exact point, thereby meeting the need to mark multiple body surface positioning points at the same time during surgery. It can not only play a role in precise positioning in minimally invasive surgery, but also effectively reduce the number of fluoroscopy times and shorten the surgical preparation time.

[0025] 2. By setting the four-prism shape of different sizes, it can effectively help determine the exact point and avoid problems such as confusion of marking points. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a slidable five-point positioning ruler of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the application of the utility model in Example 2;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the application of the utility model in Example 3;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the application of the utility model in Example 4;

[0030] 1-A ruler, 11-marker a, 12-marker d, 2-B ruler, 21-marker b, 22-marker c, 3-point O. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the slidable five-point positioning ruler is composed of an A ruler 1 and a B ruler 2 of equal length, the center position of the A ruler 1 and the B ruler 2 is the O axis, the A ruler 1 and the B ruler 2 are fixed, the A ruler 1 and the B ruler 2 are coaxially rotated, and the angle between the A ruler 1 and the B ruler 2 can be adjusted to different degrees as needed; the O point 3 divides the A ruler 1 and the B ruler 2 into upper and lower parts respectively.

[0035] The A ruler 1 is provided with a quadrangular prism type a 11 and a quadrangular prism type d 12, which are respectively mounted on the upper and lower parts of the A ruler 1, and the quadrangular prism type a 11 and the quadrangular prism type d 12 can slide freely on the upper and lower parts of the A ruler 1.

[0036] The B ruler 2 is provided with a quadrangular prism type b 21 and a quadrangular prism type c 22. The quadrangular prism type a 11 and the quadrangular prism type b 12 are respectively mounted on the upper and lower parts of the A ruler 1. The quadrangular prism type b 21 and the quadrangular prism type c 22 can slide freely on the upper and lower parts of the B ruler 2.

[0037] The quadrangular prism type a 11, the quadrangular prism type b 21, and the quadrangular prism type c 22 are quadrangular prism types of equal length, and the quadrangular prism type d 12 is longer than the other three quadrangular prism types.

[0038] In actual application, the longer quadrangular prism d 12 can be used to distinguish the A ruler 1 and the B ruler 2, and to distinguish the positions of the quadrangular prism a 11, the quadrangular prism b 21, and the quadrangular prism c 22.

[0039] Example 2 Application of positioning ruler in percutaneous dorsomedial branch block of spinal nerve

[0040] Step 1: Select four bony targets for dorsal medial branch blockade on the patient's preoperative lumbar spine radiograph: the junction of the outer edge of the superior articular process and the base of the transverse process on both sides of L4 and L5. Connect the four bony targets diagonally. The intersection angle of the diagonal connection is the intersection angle of scale A 1 and scale B 2. Figure 2 shown.

[0041] Step 2: Rotate ruler A 1 and ruler B 2 to the target angle, and preliminarily determine the relative left-right position of point O 3 on the patient's body surface by palpating the patient's spinous process, and preliminarily determine the relative head-to-tail position of point O 3 on the patient's body surface by palpating the iliac crest line.

[0042] Step 3: Perform intraoperative X-ray anteroposterior fluoroscopy, and adjust the placement of point O 3 according to the fluoroscopy results, and simultaneously adjust the relative positions of quadrangular prism type a 11, quadrangular prism type d 12, quadrangular prism type b 21, and quadrangular prism type c 22.

[0043] Step 4: Repeat step 3. When the marking point of the positioning ruler coincides with the patient's bony target point, the body marker puncture point marking is completed.

[0044] Example 3 Application of positioning ruler in lumbar pedicle screw internal fixation

[0045] Step 1: Select four bony feature points for percutaneous lumbar pedicle screw fixation on the patient's preoperative lumbar spine AP radiograph: the tips of the bilateral transverse processes of L4 and L5. Draw diagonal lines connecting the four bony feature points. The intersection angle of the diagonal lines is the intersection angle of ruler A 1 and ruler B 2. Figure 3 shown.

[0046] Step 2: Rotate ruler A and ruler B to the target angle, and preliminarily determine the relative left-right position of point O 3 on the patient's body surface by palpating the patient's spinous process. Preliminarily determine the relative head-to-tail position of point O 3 on the patient's body surface by palpating the iliac crest line.

[0047] Step 3: Perform intraoperative X-ray anteroposterior fluoroscopy, and adjust the placement of point O 3 according to the fluoroscopy results, and simultaneously adjust the relative positions of quadrangular prism type a 11, quadrangular prism type d 12, quadrangular prism type b 21, and quadrangular prism type c 22.

[0048] Step 4: Repeat step 3. When the marking point on the positioning ruler coincides with the patient's bony special diagnosis point, the surface incision marking is completed.

[0049] Example 4 Application of positioning ruler in UBE surgery

[0050] Step 1: Select the intersection of the lower edge of the spinous process and the lamina at the UBE surgical segment on the patient's preoperative lumbar spine radiograph, and draw a line at the inner lower angle of the pedicle of the corresponding vertebral approach side and the inner lower angle of the pedicle of the inferior vertebra. The intersection angle of the connecting line is the intersection angle of ruler A1 and ruler B2, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0051] Step 2: Rotate ruler A 1 and ruler B 2 to the target angle, and preliminarily determine the relative left-right position of point O 3 on the patient's body surface by palpating the patient's spinous process, and preliminarily determine the relative head-to-tail position of point O 3 on the patient's body surface by palpating the iliac crest line.

[0052] Step 3: Perform intraoperative X-ray anteroposterior fluoroscopy. According to the fluoroscopy results, adjust the placement of point O 3 and adjust the relative positions of b and d at the same time.

[0053] Step 4: Repeat step 3. When the marking point of the positioning ruler coincides with the patient's bony special diagnosis point, the body surface marking is completed.

[0054] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slidable five-point positioning ruler, characterized in that: The positioning ruler is composed of two equal-length metal rulers A ruler (1) and B ruler (2). The A ruler (1) and B ruler (2) are fixed at the middle point O (3) by a fixed axis. The A ruler (1) and B ruler (2) are freely rotatable around the point O (3). The upper and lower parts of the A ruler (1) are respectively provided with metal markers a (11) and d (12), and the upper and lower parts of the B ruler (2) are respectively provided with metal markers b (21) and c (22).

2. A slidable five-point positioning ruler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The markers a (11), b (21), c (22), and d (12) are fixed on the rulers A (1) and B (2) by means of a clip or sleeve. The markers a (11) and d (12) can slide freely along the ruler A, and the markers b (21) and c (22) can slide freely along the ruler B.

3. A slidable five-point positioning ruler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The markers a (11), b (21), c (22), and d (12) are in the shape of quadrangular prisms, and the quadrangular prism-shaped markers a (11), b (21), c (22), and d (12) are respectively mounted on the A ruler (1) and the B ruler (2).

4. A slidable five-point positioning ruler as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: Among the tetrahedral prism-shaped markers a (11), d (12), b (21) and c (22), at least one tetrahedral prism-shaped marker has a length different from that of the other three tetrahedral prism-shaped markers.

5. A slidable five-point positioning ruler as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The lengths of the quadrangular prism-shaped markers a (11), b (21) and c (22) are 1 cm, and the length of the quadrangular prism-shaped marker d (12) is 2 cm.

6. A slidable five-point positioning ruler as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The A ruler (1) and the B ruler (2) are cylindrical rulers, and the length of the A ruler (1) and the B ruler (2) is 20 cm and the diameter is 3 mm.

7. A slidable five-point positioning ruler as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The A ruler (1) and the B ruler (2) are also marked with scales, with the O point (3) as the origin, and the scales at both ends of the A ruler (1) and the B ruler (2) ranging from 0 to 10 cm, with the interval between the scales being 1 mm.

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