Portable measuring tape

Abstract

The utility model provides a portable measuring ruler, including a shell and a connecting shell connected to the shell, the shell and the connecting shell are connected to each other, the shell is provided with a first winding component that can be automatically wound, the first winding component has a soft ruler body for measurement wound on it, a placement shell is fixed on the top side wall of the inner cavity at the connection between the connecting shell and the shell, the inner cavity of the placement shell is provided with a second winding component that can also be automatically wound, the second winding component has a connecting belt wound on it. The soft ruler body can be fixed on the object to be measured at multiple points by the positioning component, so that the ruler body can better fit on the surface of the object, which is convenient for measuring the geometric dimensions of the outer surface of the object, and is particularly suitable for measuring the surface dimensions of objects with arc-shaped outer surfaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a portable measuring ruler. Background Art

[0002] Quality and technical supervision is an important and comprehensive basic work with a wide coverage, involving all areas of national economic and social development, such as industrial and agricultural production, engineering construction, scientific research, culture and education, medicine and health, environmental protection, nuclear safety, domestic and foreign trade, and service industries, as well as all aspects of people's lives.

[0003] In the process of supervision and measurement, it is necessary to measure the size of each item. When performing ordinary measurements, a ruler is generally used for measurement. The most common one is a steel tape measure. This type of measuring ruler is easy to carry, but because the ruler itself has a certain rigidity, when measuring the surface size of some curved and arc-shaped items, the ruler cannot fit on the surface of the item, making it inconvenient to measure.

[0004] Therefore, a portable measuring ruler is provided to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model provides a portable measuring ruler to solve the problem that the ruler body of a traditional steel measuring tape has a certain rigidity and when measuring the surface dimensions of some curved and arcuate objects, the ruler body cannot fit on the surface of the object, making it inconvenient to measure.

[0006] The utility model solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The utility model provides a portable measuring ruler, comprising a shell and a connecting shell connected to the shell, the shell and the connecting shell are connected to each other, a first winding component that can be automatically wound is arranged inside the shell, a soft ruler body for measuring is wound on the first winding component, a placement shell is fixed on the top side wall of the inner cavity at the connection between the connecting shell and the shell, a second winding component that can also be automatically wound is arranged in the inner cavity of the placement shell, and a connecting belt is wound on the second winding component;

[0008] The connecting belt is slidably connected with a plurality of positioning components that can position and fix the ruler body. The end of the connecting belt is connected to a placement plate. The placement plate is connected to a ruler head arranged at the end of the ruler body through a connecting piece. An extension plate is fixed to the end of the ruler head. The extension plate is fixed to the top side wall of the ruler body, and the ruler head passes through the placement plate.

[0009] The bottom end surface of the placement shell is an arc surface, and the ruler body is overlapped on the bottom end of the arc surface of the placement shell and the top end of the tensioning pulley in sequence. The tensioning pulley is arranged on the inner wall of the connection between the outer shell and the connecting shell.

[0010] In the present technical solution, the placement plate is overlapped on the connecting shell, and the positioning assembly includes a bearing plate, a fixing plate with an "L"-shaped structure is fixed to the bottom end of the bearing plate, a positioning strip that can be pressed on the ruler body is fixed to the bottom end of the fixing plate, and a guide shell distributed in a horizontal direction is fixed on the bearing plate, and the guide shell slides and is sleeved on the surface of the connecting belt.

[0011] Furthermore, a vertically distributed downward pressure rod is fixed to the top of the bearing plate, two symmetrically distributed connecting rods are fixed to the fixing plate, and a first suction cup is fixed to the bottom end of the connecting rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting member includes a plurality of plug-in rods and a guide plate, one end of the plug-in rod is plugged into the placement plate, and the other end of the plug-in rod is fixed on the guide plate, and the guide plate is fixed on the ruler head.

[0013] Furthermore, the structural composition of the first winding assembly and the second winding assembly is consistent, and the geometric dimensions of the first winding assembly are larger than those of the second winding assembly. The first winding assembly includes a bearing column, and both sides of the bearing column are sleeved with rotatable rotating rings, and two or more connecting rods are fixed on the outer wall of the rotating ring. The ends of the connecting rods are fixed to the inside of the winding ring. The winding ring and the bearing column are concentrically arranged, and a measuring tape body is wound on the winding ring, and one end of the measuring tape body is fixed to the winding ring.

[0014] Furthermore, a coil spring is sleeved on the surface of the bearing column, one end of the coil spring is fixed on the bearing, and the other end of the coil spring is fixed on the inner ring side wall of the winding ring.

[0015] Furthermore, two limiting plates with an annular structure are sleeved and fixed on the annular side wall of the winding ring, and the limiting plates are used to shield the ruler body wound on the surface of the winding ring.

[0016] Furthermore, the bearing column on the first winding assembly is fixed on the inner wall of the outer shell, and the bearing column on the second winding assembly is fixed on the inner wall of the placement shell.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a support component arranged on the surface of the ruler, and the support component supports the soft ruler.

[0018] Furthermore, the supporting assembly includes interconnected connecting blocks, both side walls of the connecting blocks are connected to second adsorption blocks, and two adjacent connecting blocks are connected by mutual adsorption of the second adsorption blocks. A block-shaped connecting plate is fixed to the central part of the bottom side wall of the connecting block, and the connecting plate is fixed to the surface of the ruler body. A mounting groove is opened on the bottom side wall of the connecting block, and a plurality of evenly distributed first adsorption blocks are fixed to the surface of the ruler body, and the first adsorption block is located inside the mounting groove, and the first adsorption block can be adsorbed on the side wall of the mounting groove.

[0019] Furthermore, the connection block is composed of two blocks, both of which are connected to a connection plate, the connection plate is made of a soft material, a second adsorption block is embedded on the side wall of the block, and the two blocks are connected to each other through the second adsorption block.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a thickness measuring mechanism, which includes two symmetrically arranged measuring parts, the measuring parts including a sliding plate, the sliding plate is provided with a through slot, the sliding plate is slidably sleeved on the extension plate and the ruler body through the through slot, the sliding plate is vertically arranged, a lap plate is fixed to the bottom end of the sliding plate, a push-pull rod arranged vertically is slidably inserted on the top of the sliding plate, the bottom end of the push-pull rod extends into the through slot, a second suction cup is fixed to the bottom end of the push-pull rod, and the second suction cup can be adsorbed on the extension plate and the ruler body.

[0021] On the basis of conforming to the common sense in the art, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred embodiments of the present utility model.

[0022] The positive and progressive effects of the utility model are:

[0023] The positioning assembly can be used to fix the soft ruler at multiple points on the object to be measured, so that the ruler can better fit the surface of the object, making it easier to measure the geometric dimensions of the outer surface of the object, especially suitable for measuring the surface dimensions of objects with curved outer surfaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning component of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support assembly of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 For this utility model Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at B;

[0029] Figure 6 For this utility model Figure 2 A local enlarged structural schematic diagram;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the winding component of the utility model.

[0031] Description of Reference Numerals

[0032] 1. Shell; 11. Tensioning pulley;

[0033] 2. Connect the shell;

[0034] 3. First winding assembly; 31. Bearing column; 32. Coil spring; 33. Winding ring; 34. Limiting plate; 35. Rotating ring; 36. Connecting rod;

[0035] 4. second winding assembly; 41. connecting belt;

[0036] 5. Place the shell;

[0037] 6. Positioning assembly; 61. Carrying plate; 62. Fixing plate; 63. Positioning strip; 64. First suction cup; 65. Guide shell; 66. Pressing rod;

[0038] 7. Placement plate; 71. Connecting rod; 72. Guide plate;

[0039] 8. ruler head; 81. extension plate; 82. sliding plate; 83. push-pull rod; 84. second suction cup; 85. lap plate;

[0040] 9. Boot shell;

[0041] a, ruler body; a1, connecting block; a2, mounting groove; a3, first adsorption block; a4, second adsorption block; a5, connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention is further described below by way of embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a portable measuring ruler comprises a shell 1 and a connecting shell 2 connected to the shell 1, the shell 1 and the connecting shell 2 are connected to each other, a first winding component 3 that can be automatically wound is arranged inside the shell 1, a soft ruler body a for measuring is wound on the first winding component 3, a placement shell 5 is fixed on the top side wall of the inner cavity at the connection between the connecting shell 2 and the shell 1, a second winding component 4 that can also be automatically wound is arranged in the inner cavity of the placement shell 5, a connecting belt 41 is wound on the second winding component 4, and the connecting belt 41 and the ruler body a are arranged parallel to each other inside the connecting shell 2;

[0044] The connecting belt 41 is slidably connected with a plurality of positioning components 6 for positioning and point-fixing the ruler body a. The movable end of the connecting belt 41 is connected to a placement plate 7. The placement plate 7 is connected to a ruler head 8 arranged at the end of the ruler body a through a connecting piece. An extension plate 81 is fixed to the end of the ruler head 8. The extension plate 81 is fixed to the top side wall of the ruler body a, and the ruler head 8 passes through the placement plate 7. The positioning components 6 are accommodated in the inner cavity of the connecting shell 2.

[0045] The bottom end face of the placement shell 5 is an arc surface, and the ruler body a is successively lapped on the bottom end of the arc surface of the placement shell 5 and the top end of the tension pulley 11. The tension pulley 11 is arranged on the inner wall at the connection of the outer shell 1 and the connection shell 2.

[0046] A guiding shell 9 is fixed on the inner cavity side wall of the connection shell 2. The guiding shell 9 is arranged horizontally and sleeved on the surface of the ruler body a, playing a guiding role in the moving ruler body a.

[0047] The flexible ruler body a can be fixed at multiple points on the object to be measured through the positioning component 6, so that the ruler body a can better fit on the surface of the object, facilitating the measurement of the geometric dimensions of the outer surface of the object, especially suitable for the measurement of the surface dimensions of an object with an arc-shaped outer surface structure.

[0048] During measurement, the ruler body a is pulled out through the ruler head 8, and then the object is measured through the ruler body a.

[0049] Embodiment 1

[0050] As one embodiment of the present technical solution, the placement plate 7 is lapped on the connection shell 2. The positioning component 6 includes a bearing plate 61. A fixing plate 62 with an "L" - shaped structure is fixed at the bottom end of the bearing plate 61. A positioning strip plate 63 that can press on the ruler body a is fixed at the bottom end of the fixing plate 62. A guiding shell 65 distributed horizontally is fixed on the bearing plate 61, and the guiding shell 65 slides and is sleeved on the surface of the connecting belt 41.

[0051] The connecting belt 41 is used to guide the sliding of the entire positioning component 6. The positioning component 6 slides on the connecting belt 41 through the guiding shell 65. When it is necessary to fix the ruler body a at multiple points, each positioning component 6 slides along the connecting belt 41 to a suitable position, and then the ruler body a is fixed.

[0052] A pressing rod 66 distributed vertically is fixed at the top of the bearing plate 61. Two symmetrically distributed connecting rods are fixed on the fixing plate 62, and a first suction cup 64 is fixed at the bottom end of the connecting rod. The two first suction cups 64 and the positioning strip plate 63 are distributed in a "pin" shape. When using the positioning component 6, the two first suction cups 64 are located on both sides of the ruler body a, and the positioning strip plate 63 presses on the ruler body a.

[0053] The positioning component 6 slides on the connecting belt 41 to a specified or suitable position, so that the two first suction cups 64 are located on both sides of the ruler body a. Then, the bearing plate 61 and the fixing plate 62 are pressed down through the pressing rod 66, so that the first suction cups 64 adsorb on the surface of the object to be measured, and at the same time, the positioning strip plate 63 also presses on the ruler body a, realizing the single - point fixation of the ruler body a. Then, the above steps are repeated to realize the multi - point fixation of the ruler body a.

[0054] Embodiment 2

[0055] As one of the embodiments of the present technical solution, the connecting member includes a plurality of plug-in rods 71 ​​and guide plates 72, one end of the plug-in rod 71 is plugged into the placement plate 7, and the other end of the plug-in rod 71 is fixed on the guide plate 72, and the guide plate 72 is fixed on the ruler head 8. The plug-in rod 71 and the placement plate 7 are in interference fit, and a detachable fixed connection structure is formed between the guide plate 72 and the placement plate 7 through the plug-in connection between the plug-in rod 71 and the placement plate 7. When the positioning assembly 6 is not needed, the plug-in rod 71 is pulled out to disengage the guide plate 72 from the placement plate 7, and the ruler body a is directly pulled through the ruler head 8. When the positioning assembly 6 is needed, the placement plate 7 is connected to the guide plate 72. When the ruler head 8 drives the ruler body a to move, the ruler head 8 passes through the guide plate 72, and the connecting belt 41 also moves accordingly, providing a structural basis for the movement of the positioning assembly 6.

[0056] Embodiment 3

[0057] As one of the embodiments of the present technical solution, the structural composition of the first winding component 3 and the second winding component 4 is consistent, and the geometric dimensions of the first winding component 3 are larger than the geometric dimensions of the second winding component 4. The first winding component 3 includes a supporting column 31, and both sides of the supporting column 31 are sleeved with a rotatable rotating ring 35, and two or more connecting rods 36 are fixed on the outer wall of the rotating ring 35. The end of the connecting rod 36 is fixed to the inside of the winding ring 33. The winding ring 33 and the supporting column 31 are concentrically arranged. A measuring body a is wound on the winding ring 33, and one end of the measuring body a is fixed on the winding ring 33, and one end of the connecting belt 41 is also fixed on the winding ring 33.

[0058] The surface of the bearing column 31 is sleeved with a coil spring 32, one end of the coil spring 32 is fixed on the bearing, and the other end of the coil spring 32 is fixed on the inner ring side wall of the winding ring 33. The elastic force of the coil spring 32 makes the placement plate 7 fit on the port of the connecting shell 2.

[0059] When the connecting belt 41 and the ruler body a are unwound, the winding ring 33 rotates, driving the rotating ring 35 to rotate on the supporting column 31. At this time, the coil spring 32 is deformed. When the free ends of the ruler body a and the connecting belt 41 are not restricted by external force, the coil spring 32 rewinds the connecting belt 41 and the ruler body a in the process of restoring the deformation.

[0060] Two annular limiting plates 34 are sleeved and fixed on the annular side wall of the winding ring 33. The limiting plates 34 are used to block the ruler a wound on the surface of the winding ring 33 to facilitate the storage of the ruler a.

[0061] The bearing column 31 on the first winding assembly 3 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer shell 1 , and the bearing column 31 on the second winding assembly 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the placement shell 5 .

[0062] Embodiment 3

[0063] This embodiment is derived on the basis of the first embodiment, and further includes a support assembly arranged on the surface of the ruler a, wherein the support assembly supports the soft ruler a. By supporting the soft ruler a through the support assembly, the soft ruler a has a certain rigidity, which is convenient for measuring the plane size of the object.

[0064] The support assembly includes interconnected connection blocks a1, and the two side walls of the connection block a1 are connected to the second adsorption blocks a4. The two adjacent connection blocks a1 are connected by the mutual adsorption of the second adsorption blocks a4. A block-shaped connection plate a5 is fixed to the central part of the bottom side wall of the connection block a1, and the connection plate a5 is fixed to the surface of the ruler a to achieve point fixation. A mounting groove a2 is opened on the bottom side wall of the connection block a1, and a plurality of evenly distributed first adsorption blocks a3 are fixed on the surface of the ruler a. The first adsorption block a3 is located inside the mounting groove a2, and the first adsorption block a3 can be adsorbed on the side wall of the mounting groove a2.

[0065] The connecting block a1 is composed of two blocks, the two blocks are equal in length, and both blocks are connected to a connecting plate a5 made of a soft material. A second adsorption block a4 is embedded on the side wall of the block, and the two blocks are connected to each other through the second adsorption block a4.

[0066] The first adsorption block a3 and the second adsorption block a4 may be formed of magnets or objects with magnetism.

[0067] The ruler body a is adsorbed on the connection block a1 through the first adsorption block a3, and the adjacent connection blocks a1 are connected through the second adsorption block a4. The multiple connection blocks a1 form a rod-shaped structure, and the ruler body a is adsorbed on the connection blocks a1 to form a hard ruler structure.

[0068] When the ruler a measures the size of the arc surface, the ruler a is made to fit on the surface of the object. At the same time, since the ruler a and the connecting block a1 are fixed at a point, it will not affect the fit of the ruler a on the surface of the object.

[0069] The second suction cup 84 on the positioning assembly 8 is sucked onto the connecting block a1.

[0070] Embodiment 4

[0071] This embodiment is derived on the basis of the first and third embodiments, and further includes a thickness measuring mechanism, which includes two symmetrically arranged measuring members, the measuring members including a sliding plate 82, the sliding plate 82 having a through slot, the sliding plate 82 being slidably sleeved on the extension plate 81 and the ruler body a through the through slot, the sliding plate 82 being arranged vertically, a lap plate 85 being fixed to the bottom end of the sliding plate 82, a push-pull rod 83 being slidably inserted into the top of the sliding plate 82, the bottom end of the push-pull rod 83 extending into the through slot, a second suction cup 84 being fixed to the bottom end of the push-pull rod 83, and the second suction cup 84 being adsorbed on the extension plate 81 and the ruler body a.

[0072] When the thickness does not need to be measured, the second suction cup 84 at the bottom of the push-pull rod 83 is separated from the extension plate 81 and the ruler body a, which does not affect the measurement size of the ruler body a. When the measuring ruler is idle, the measuring piece slides onto the extension plate 81, and then the push-pull rod 83 is pressed down to make the second suction cup 84 on the push-pull rod 83 adsorbed on the extension plate 81 to fix the measuring piece.

[0073] When measuring the thickness, the ruler body a is pulled out of the connecting shell 2, and then the sliding plate 82 is slid on the ruler body a. The position of one of the measuring pieces is fixed first, and the overlapping plate 85 of the fixed measuring piece overlaps the surface of one side of the object to be measured. Then, the other measuring piece is slid so that its overlapping plate 85 overlaps the surface of the other side of the object to be measured, and then the absolute value of the degree of the ruler body a surface between the two sliding plates 82 is read to obtain the thickness.

[0074] The thickness measuring mechanism makes the measuring ruler in the technical solution more functional, making it easier to supervise the measuring operation of the inspectors.

[0075] The utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Any changes in shape or structure are within the protection scope of the utility model. The protection scope of the utility model is defined by the attached claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principle and essence of the utility model, but these changes and modifications are within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A portable measuring ruler, comprising a housing (1) and a connecting housing (2) connected to the housing (1), wherein the housing (1) and the connecting housing (2) are connected to each other, characterized in that: The shell (1) is provided with a first winding assembly (3) capable of automatically winding up, and a soft ruler (a) for measuring is wound up on the first winding assembly (3); a placement shell (5) is fixed on the top side wall of the inner cavity at the connection between the connecting shell (2) and the shell (1); a second winding assembly (4) capable of automatically winding up is provided in the inner cavity of the placement shell (5), and a connecting belt (41) is wound up on the second winding assembly (4); The connecting belt (41) is slidably connected with a plurality of positioning components (6) capable of positioning and point-fixing the ruler body (a); the movable end of the connecting belt (41) is connected to a placement plate (7); the placement plate (7) is connected to a ruler head (8) arranged at the end of the ruler body (a) through a connecting piece; an extension plate (81) is fixed to the end of the ruler head (8); the extension plate (81) is fixed to the top side wall of the ruler body (a), and the ruler head (8) passes through the placement plate (7).

2. The portable measuring ruler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The placement plate (7) is overlapped on the connecting shell (2), and the positioning assembly (6) comprises a bearing plate (61), a fixing plate (62) in an "L"-shaped structure is fixed at the bottom end of the bearing plate (61), a positioning strip (63) that can be pressed on the ruler body (a) is fixed at the bottom end of the fixing plate (62), and a guide shell (65) distributed in a horizontal direction is fixed on the bearing plate (61), and the guide shell (65) slides and is sleeved on the surface of the connecting belt (41).

3. The portable measuring ruler according to claim 2, characterized in that: A vertically distributed downward pressing rod (66) is fixed to the top of the bearing plate (61), two symmetrically distributed connecting rods are fixed to the fixing plate (62), and a first suction cup (64) is fixed to the bottom end of each connecting rod.

4. The portable measuring ruler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting member comprises a plurality of plug-in rods (71) and a guide plate (72), one end of the plug-in rod (71) is plugged into the placement plate (7), and the other end of the plug-in rod (71) is fixed on the guide plate (72), and the guide plate (72) is fixed on the ruler head (8).

5. The portable measuring ruler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first winding assembly (3) and the second winding assembly (4) have the same structural composition, and the geometric dimensions of the first winding assembly (3) are larger than the geometric dimensions of the second winding assembly (4). The first winding assembly (3) comprises a bearing column (31), and both sides of the bearing column (31) are sleeved with a self-rotating ring (35), and two or more connecting rods (36) are fixed on the outer wall of the self-rotating ring (35), and the ends of the connecting rods (36) are fixed to the inside of the winding ring (33). The winding ring (33) and the bearing column (31) are concentrically arranged, and a tape measure body (a) is wound on the winding ring (33), and one end of the measure body (a) is fixed on the winding ring (33).

6. The portable measuring ruler according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surface of the bearing column (31) is sleeved with a coil spring (32), one end of the coil spring (32) is fixed on the bearing, and the other end of the coil spring (32) is fixed on the inner ring side wall of the winding ring (33).

7. The portable measuring ruler according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two annular limiting plates (34) are sleeved and fixed on the annular side wall of the winding ring (33), and the limiting plates (34) are used to cover the ruler (a) wound on the surface of the winding ring (33).

8. The portable measuring ruler according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a support component arranged on the surface of the ruler (a), and the support component supports the soft ruler (a).

9. The portable measuring ruler according to claim 8, characterized in that: The support assembly comprises interconnected connection blocks (a1), the two side walls of the connection block (a1) are connected to second adsorption blocks (a4), and two adjacent connection blocks (a1) are connected to each other through mutual adsorption of the second adsorption blocks (a4); a block-shaped connection plate (a5) is fixed to the central part of the bottom side wall of the connection block (a1), and the connection plate (a5) is fixed to the surface of the ruler body (a); a mounting groove (a2) is opened on the bottom side wall of the connection block (a1); a plurality of uniformly distributed first adsorption blocks (a3) ​​are fixed to the surface of the ruler body (a); the first adsorption block (a3) ​​is located inside the mounting groove (a2), and the first adsorption block (a3) ​​can be adsorbed on the side wall of the mounting groove (a2); The connecting block (a1) is composed of two blocks, both of which are connected to a connecting plate (a5). The connecting plate (a5) is made of a soft material. A second adsorption block (a4) is embedded on the side wall of the block, and the two blocks are connected to each other through the second adsorption block (a4).

10. The portable measuring ruler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a thickness measuring mechanism, wherein the thickness measuring mechanism comprises two symmetrically arranged measuring members, wherein the measuring members comprise a sliding plate (82), wherein a through slot is provided on the sliding plate (82), wherein the sliding plate (82) is slidably sleeved on the extension plate (81) and the ruler body (a) through the through slot, wherein the sliding plate (82) is arranged vertically, wherein a lap plate (85) is fixed at the bottom end of the sliding plate (82), wherein a push-pull rod (83) arranged vertically is slidably inserted at the top of the sliding plate (82), wherein the bottom end of the push-pull rod (83) extends into the through slot, wherein a second suction cup (84) is fixed at the bottom end of the push-pull rod (83), and wherein the second suction cup (84) can be adsorbed on the extension plate (81) and the ruler body (a).

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