Semi-transparent perovskite battery module, optoelectronic device, four-terminal stacked battery module, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic system

Abstract

The present application provides a semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly, a photoelectric device, a four-terminal stacked cell assembly, a photovoltaic assembly, and a photovoltaic system. The semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly includes a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer, and a top electrode stacked in sequence; the transparent conductive layer is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers by a plurality of P1 grooves, the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers by a plurality of P2 grooves, and the top electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes by a plurality of P3 grooves; the projections of the P1 grooves, the P2 grooves, and the P3 grooves in the thickness direction of the cell assembly do not overlap; a metal electrode is provided in the P2 groove, and a transparent electrode is provided between the metal electrode and at least one side wall in the P2 groove. In the embodiment of the present application, a metal electrode is provided in the P2 groove, and the adjacent sub-perovskite cells are connected in series by utilizing the good step coverage ability and ductility of the metal electrode, which can effectively reduce the series resistance in the P2 groove and improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and specifically to a semi-transparent perovskite cell module, a photoelectric device, a four-terminal stacked cell module, a photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells have high certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) on small-area single-junction devices. Perovskite solar cells can work in tandem with silicon photovoltaics (PV) in a tandem configuration. Although small-area perovskite solar cells at the laboratory scale have shown high efficiencies, their efficiency has dropped significantly as they have scaled up.

[0003] Large-area perovskite solar cells are composed of multiple sub-cells. When the sub-cells are connected, there is a problem of increased series resistance, which leads to a decrease in the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell; there is also the problem of rapid component attenuation.

[0004] It should be noted that the above content is not necessarily prior art, nor is it intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly, a photoelectric device, a four-terminal stacked cell assembly, a photovoltaic assembly, and a photovoltaic system. The semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly includes a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer, and a top electrode stacked in sequence; the transparent conductive layer is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers by a plurality of P1 grooves, the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers by a plurality of P2 grooves, and the top electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes by a plurality of P3 grooves; the projections of the P1 grooves, the P2 grooves, and the P3 grooves in the thickness direction of the cell assembly do not overlap; one sub-transparent conductive layer, one sub-functional layer, and one sub-top electrode correspond to one sub-perovskite cell; a metal electrode is provided in the P2 groove, and a transparent electrode is provided between the metal electrode and at least one side wall in the P2 groove. A metal electrode is provided in the P2 groove. The good step coverage ability and ductility of the metal electrode are utilized to complete the series connection of adjacent sub-perovskite cells, which can effectively reduce the series resistance in the P2 groove and improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell. In addition, a transparent electrode is provided between the metal electrode and at least one side wall of the P2 groove, so that the connection between the metal electrode and the functional layer is tighter, which plays a role in improving the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly, comprising a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer, and a top electrode stacked in sequence; the transparent conductive layer is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers by a plurality of P1 grooves, the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers by a plurality of P2 grooves, and the top electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes by a plurality of P3 grooves; the projections of the P1 grooves, the P2 grooves, and the P3 grooves in the thickness direction of the battery assembly do not overlap; one sub-transparent conductive layer, one sub-functional layer, and one sub-top electrode correspond to one sub-perovskite battery;

[0008] A metal electrode is arranged in the P2 groove, and a transparent electrode is arranged between the metal electrode and at least one side wall of the P2 groove.

[0009] In some embodiments, the metal electrode has a T-shape or an inverted L-shape.

[0010] In some of the embodiments, the transparent electrode is an extension of the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the extension is arranged on a side wall along the depth direction of the P2 groove; one end of the extension is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove.

[0011] In some embodiments, a transparent electrode is provided between the metal electrode and the two side walls of the P2 groove;

[0012] One end of each of the transparent electrodes is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove.

[0013] In some embodiments, the top electrode includes a first transparent electrode layer, a metal layer, and a second transparent electrode layer stacked in sequence.

[0014] In some embodiments, the semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly includes a plurality of sub-perovskite cells; the plurality of sub-perovskite cells are arranged in an array of a single row in the length direction and a plurality of columns in the width direction; each of the sub-perovskite cells is 10 to 100 mm wide and 30 to 500 mm long, and the spacing width between the sub-functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells is 0.1 to 2 mm.

[0015] The present application also provides a photoelectric device, comprising the above-mentioned semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly.

[0016] The present application also provides a four-terminal stacked battery assembly, comprising the above-mentioned translucent perovskite battery assembly; a crystalline silicon battery assembly, and the translucent perovskite battery assembly stacked in layers.

[0017] The present application also provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: at least one battery string, wherein the battery string comprises at least two of the above-mentioned four-terminal stacked battery modules.

[0018] The present application also provides a photovoltaic system, comprising the above-mentioned photovoltaic assembly.

[0019] In the technical solution of the present application, a metal electrode is provided in the P2 groove. The good step coverage ability and ductility of the metal electrode are utilized to complete the series connection of adjacent sub-perovskite cells, which can effectively reduce the series resistance in the P2 groove and improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell. In addition, a transparent electrode is provided between the metal electrode and at least one side wall of the P2 groove, so that the connection between the metal electrode and the functional layer is tighter, which plays a role in improving the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the multiple drawings represent the same or similar parts or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments disclosed in the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another semi-transparent perovskite battery component according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another semi-transparent perovskite battery component according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another semi-transparent perovskite battery component according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Numbers in the figure: 1, glass substrate; 2, transparent conductive layer; 3, hole transport layer; 4, perovskite active layer; 5, electron transport layer; 6, first transparent electrode layer; 7, metal layer; 8, second transparent electrode layer; 9, metal electrode; 78, top electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, for clarity, the sizes of layers, regions, elements and their relative sizes may be exaggerated. Wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0027] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on ...", "adjacent to ...", "connected to" or "coupled to" other elements or layers, it can be directly on, adjacent to, connected to or coupled to other elements or layers, or there can be intervening elements or layers. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as "directly on ...", "directly adjacent to ...", "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" other elements or layers, there is no intervening element or layer. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or parts, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or part from another element, component, region, layer or part. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure, the first element, component, region, layer or part discussed below can be represented as the second element, component, region, layer or part. And when the second element, component, region, layer or part is discussed, it does not mean that the present disclosure necessarily has the first element, component, region, layer or part.

[0028] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, for example. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0030] The present application provides a semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly, a photoelectric device, a four-terminal stacked cell assembly, a photovoltaic assembly, and a photovoltaic system. A metal electrode is provided in the P2 groove. The metal electrode has good step coverage and ductility to complete the series connection of adjacent sub-perovskite cells, which can effectively reduce the series resistance in the P2 groove and improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell. In addition, a transparent electrode is provided between the metal electrode and at least one side wall of the P2 groove, so that the connection between the metal electrode and the functional layer is tighter, which plays a role in improving the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the assembly.

[0031] The module attenuation rate refers to the following: after a photovoltaic module has been running for a period of time, under standard test conditions (AM1.5, module temperature 25°C, irradiance 1000W / m 2 )’s output power to the nominal power. Delaying component attenuation means reducing the component attenuation rate.

[0032] The embodiment of the present application provides a semi-transparent perovskite battery component, comprising a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer, and a top electrode stacked in sequence; the transparent conductive layer is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers by a plurality of P1 grooves, the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers by a plurality of P2 grooves, and the top electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes by a plurality of P3 grooves; the projections of the P1 grooves, the P2 grooves, and the P3 grooves in the thickness direction of the battery component do not overlap; one sub-transparent conductive layer, one sub-functional layer, and one sub-top electrode correspond to one sub-perovskite battery;

[0033] A metal electrode is arranged in the P2 groove, and a transparent electrode is arranged between the metal electrode and at least one side wall of the P2 groove.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present application, a metal electrode is provided in the P2 groove, and the good step coverage ability and ductility of the metal electrode are utilized to complete the series connection of adjacent sub-perovskite cells, which can effectively reduce the series resistance in the P2 groove and improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell. More specifically, one end of the metal electrode in the P2 groove is in physical contact with the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the corresponding sub-transparent conductive layer, which plays a role in reducing the contact resistance between the sub-perovskite cells. Moreover, the metal electrode is arranged discontinuously, that is, a metal electrode is arranged in each P2 groove, and adjacent metal electrodes are not in contact with each other; the discontinuous arrangement of the metal electrode can further reduce the optical loss.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present application, a transparent electrode is provided between the metal electrode and at least one side wall of the P2 groove where it is located. One side wall of the metal electrode does not need to be in direct contact with the functional layer. Since the transparent electrode has a higher adhesion rate on the functional layer, the connection between the metal electrode and the functional layer is tighter, which improves the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present application, the functional layer may include a hole transport layer, a perovskite active layer, and an electron transport layer, and other newly added layers may be included as needed. Among them, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 1-100nm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 1nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm. The thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer may be 400-1500nm (for example, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1000nm, 1100nm, 1200nm, 1500nm). The thickness of the electron transport layer can be 10-200 nm (e.g., 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200 nm).

[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the P2 line is etched to form the P2 groove; the laser light source used to etch the P2 line includes one or more of nanosecond infrared, picosecond green light, picosecond infrared, picosecond ultraviolet, femtosecond green light, and femtosecond infrared; and / or

[0038] The P3 line is engraved to form the P3 groove; the laser light source used to engrave the P3 line includes one or more of nanosecond infrared, picosecond green light, picosecond infrared, picosecond ultraviolet, femtosecond green light, and femtosecond infrared. According to actual needs, a suitable engraving method can be selected to engrave the P2 groove and the P3 groove.

[0039] In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the P1 line is etched to form the P1 groove; the P1 line can be etched by laser or mechanically, and a suitable etch method can be selected according to actual needs.

[0040] Exemplarily, the width of the P1 trench may be 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, or 50 μm.

[0041] Exemplarily, the width of the P2 trench may be 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, or 70 μm.

[0042] Exemplarily, the width of the P3 groove may be 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, or 100 μm.

[0043] Exemplarily, the pitch between the P1 groove and the P2 groove may be 200 μm, 210 μm, 220 μm, 230 μm, 240 μm, 250 μm, 260 μm, 270 μm, 280 μm, 290 μm, or 300 μm.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the transparent conductive layer is ITO or FTO, which can be deposited on the surface of the glass substrate by magnetron sputtering or the like; the thickness can be 200nm~800nm ​​(for example, 200nm, 300nm, 500nm, 600nm, 800nm).

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the metal electrode is in a T-shape or an inverted L-shape.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, since the metal electrode has high conductivity, the shape of the metal electrode is T-shaped or inverted L-shaped, which can increase the contact area between the metal electrode and the top electrode, thereby effectively reducing the series resistance in the P2 groove and improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the battery.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, the transparent electrode is an extension of the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the extension is arranged on a side wall along the depth direction of the P2 groove; one end of the extension is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove.

[0048] In this embodiment, the transparent electrode is provided to further reduce the contact resistance between the sub-perovskite cells, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell; in addition, due to the provision of the transparent electrode, one side wall of the metal electrode is directly in contact with the transparent electrode, that is, one side wall of the metal electrode does not need to be in direct contact with the functional layer. Since the transparent electrode has a higher adhesion rate on the functional layer, the connection between the metal electrode and the functional layer is tighter, which improves the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component. The transparent electrode in the P2 groove is made by magnetron sputtering.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, transparent electrodes are provided between the metal electrode and the two side walls of the P2 groove; each of the transparent electrodes is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode at one end and physically contacts the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove at the other end.

[0050] In this embodiment, transparent electrodes are provided on both side walls of the P2 groove along its depth direction, which can further reduce the contact resistance between the sub-perovskite cells, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell; in addition, due to the provision of a transparent electrode, the two side walls of the metal electrode are directly in contact with the transparent electrode, that is, the two side walls of the metal electrode do not need to be in direct contact with the functional layer. Since the transparent electrode has a higher adhesion rate on the functional layer, the connection between the metal electrode and the functional layer is tighter, which improves the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component. The transparent electrode in the P2 groove is made by magnetron sputtering.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, the top electrode includes a first transparent electrode layer, a metal layer, and a second transparent electrode layer stacked in sequence.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the metal layer includes one or more of gold, silver, copper, and aluminum. The thickness of the metal layer is 5-20 nm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the metal layer is 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, and 20 nm.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the first transparent electrode layer includes one or more of ITO, IZO, ICO, IWO, and AZO; the material of the second transparent electrode layer includes one or more of ITO, IZO, ICO, IWO, and AZO; wherein the material of the first transparent electrode layer and the material of the second transparent electrode layer may be the same or different; and the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer may be selectively arranged on the functional layer, that is, the first transparent electrode layer or the second transparent electrode layer may be directly in contact with the functional layer, and it is only necessary to ensure that the metal layer is between the two transparent electrode layers.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer is 30-100 nm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer is 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, 100 nm. The thickness of the second transparent electrode layer is 30-100 nm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the second transparent electrode layer is 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, 100 nm.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, arranging the metal layer between the two transparent electrode layers has the following advantages: 1) Arranging the metal layer between the two transparent electrode layers can reduce the possibility of metal exposure, thereby delaying the oxidation of the metal layer, and further delaying the problem of increased series resistance caused by the oxidation of the metal layer; 2) Arranging the metal layer between the two transparent electrode layers, the transparent electrode layer is directly in contact with the functional layer (the metal layer does not need to be in direct contact with the functional layer), and the adhesion rate of the transparent electrode layer on the functional layer is higher, so that the connection between the transparent electrode layer and the functional layer is tighter, which plays a role in improving the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component; 3) The metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, so that the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer can be appropriately reduced, which plays a role in reducing the amount of transparent electrode layer material used, thereby reducing the production cost of the component.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present application, the top electrode includes a first transparent electrode layer, a metal layer, and a second transparent electrode layer stacked in sequence. The first transparent electrode layer, the metal layer, and the second transparent electrode layer together form the top electrode, and the top electrode enters the corresponding P2 groove. When the adjacent sub-perovskite cells are connected in series, the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductivity of the top electrode, thereby effectively reducing the series resistance in the P2 groove and improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

[0057] In an optional embodiment, the semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly includes a plurality of sub-perovskite cells; the plurality of sub-perovskite cells are arranged to form an array arrangement of a single row in the length direction and a plurality of columns in the width direction; each of the sub-perovskite cells is 10 to 100 mm wide and 30 to 500 mm long, and the spacing width between the sub-functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells is 0.1 to 2 mm.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, the semi-transparent perovskite solar cell is obtained by connecting more than two sub-perovskite cells in series, and the number of sub-perovskite cells in series can be set according to the actual situation. The sub-cell arrangement is set to facilitate the sub-top electrode to enter the P2 groove, so that the sub-perovskite cells are smoothly connected in series, and the width between the sub-perovskite cells is minimized. Because this part of the area between the sub-perovskite cells does not generate electricity, it is also called a dead zone, and the area of ​​this part should not be too large.

[0059] Exemplarily, the sub-perovskite cell width is 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, 100mm. The sub-perovskite cell length is 30mm, 40mm, 80mm, 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, 400mm, 500mm. The column spacing of the sub-perovskite cell is 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.7mm, 1.9mm, 2mm.

[0060] The following specific examples further illustrate the present application, but should not be construed as limiting the present application. Without departing from the spirit and substance of the present application, modifications or replacements made to the methods, steps or conditions of the present application are within the scope of the present application. Specific embodiments

[0062] Example 1

[0063] A semi-transparent perovskite battery component, comprising a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode stacked in sequence; wherein the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers, each sub-functional layer corresponding to a sub-perovskite battery; the functional layer comprises a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, and an electron transport layer 5 stacked in sequence;

[0064] The top electrode comprises a first transparent electrode layer 6, a metal layer 7, and a second transparent electrode layer 8 stacked in sequence;

[0065] The transparent conductive layer 2 is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers, each sub-transparent conductive layer corresponds to a sub-perovskite cell, and the sub-transparent conductive layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by the P1 groove; the sub-functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by the P2 groove; the top electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes, each sub-top electrode corresponds to a sub-perovskite cell, and the sub-top electrodes of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by the P3 groove; the projections of the P1 groove, the P2 groove and the P3 groove in the thickness direction do not overlap; the sub-top electrode of each sub-perovskite cell enters the corresponding P2 groove, and then physically contacts the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the corresponding P2 groove, thereby being connected in series with the adjacent sub-perovskite cell.

[0066] In this embodiment, the top electrode composed of the first transparent electrode layer, the metal layer, and the second transparent electrode layer enters the corresponding P2 groove. When the adjacent sub-perovskite cells are connected in series, the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, thereby effectively reducing the series resistance in the P2 groove and improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

[0067] In this embodiment, the metal layer is arranged between the two transparent electrode layers, which can reduce the possibility of metal exposure, thereby delaying the oxidation of the metal layer, and further delaying the problem of increased series resistance caused by the oxidation of the metal layer; the metal layer is arranged between the two transparent electrode layers, and the interlayer contact is closer, which can effectively delay the attenuation of the component; the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, so the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer can be appropriately reduced, which reduces the amount of transparent electrode layer material used, thereby reducing the production cost of the component.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] A semi-transparent perovskite battery component, comprising a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode stacked in sequence; wherein the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers, each sub-functional layer corresponding to a sub-perovskite battery; the functional layer comprises a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, and an electron transport layer 5 stacked in sequence;

[0070] The top electrode comprises a first transparent electrode layer 6, a metal layer 7, and a second transparent electrode layer 8 stacked in sequence;

[0071] The transparent conductive layer 2 is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers, each of which corresponds to a sub-perovskite cell, and the sub-transparent conductive layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by a P1 groove; the sub-functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by a P2 groove; the top electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes, each of which corresponds to a sub-perovskite cell, and the sub-top electrodes of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by a P3 groove; the projections of the P1 groove, the P2 groove and the P3 groove in the thickness direction do not overlap; the sub-top electrode of each sub-perovskite cell enters the corresponding P2 groove, and then physically contacts the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the corresponding P2 groove, thereby being connected in series with the adjacent sub-perovskite cell;

[0072] A metal electrode 9 is disposed in the P2 groove.

[0073] In this embodiment, the top electrode composed of the first transparent electrode layer, the metal layer, and the second transparent electrode layer enters the corresponding P2 groove. When the adjacent sub-perovskite cells are connected in series, the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, thereby effectively reducing the series resistance in the P2 groove and improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

[0074] In this embodiment, the metal layer is arranged between the two transparent electrode layers, which can reduce the possibility of metal exposure, thereby delaying the oxidation of the metal layer, and further delaying the problem of increased series resistance caused by the oxidation of the metal layer; the metal layer is arranged between the two transparent electrode layers, and the interlayer contact is closer, which can effectively delay the attenuation of the component; the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, so the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer can be appropriately reduced, which reduces the amount of transparent electrode layer material used, thereby reducing the production cost of the component.

[0075] In this embodiment, a metal electrode 9 is further provided in the P2 groove. One end of the metal electrode 9 in the P2 groove is in physical contact with the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the corresponding sub-transparent conductive layer, which serves to further reduce the contact resistance between the sub-perovskite cells, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

[0076] The semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly disclosed in Example 2 has lower series resistance than the semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly disclosed in Example 1.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] like Figure 1 As shown, a semi-transparent perovskite battery component includes a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode stacked in sequence; wherein the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers, each sub-functional layer corresponding to a sub-perovskite battery; the functional layer includes a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, and an electron transport layer 5 stacked in sequence;

[0079] The top electrode comprises a first transparent electrode layer 6, a metal layer 7, and a second transparent electrode layer 8 stacked in sequence;

[0080] The transparent conductive layer 2 is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers, each of which corresponds to a sub-perovskite cell, and the sub-transparent conductive layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by a P1 groove; the sub-functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by a P2 groove; the top electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes, each of which corresponds to a sub-perovskite cell, and the sub-top electrodes of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by a P3 groove; the projections of the P1 groove, the P2 groove and the P3 groove in the thickness direction do not overlap; the sub-top electrode of each sub-perovskite cell enters the corresponding P2 groove, and then physically contacts the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the corresponding P2 groove, thereby being connected in series with the adjacent sub-perovskite cell;

[0081] A metal electrode 9 is provided in the P2 groove;

[0082] A transparent electrode is arranged on one side wall of the P2 groove along its depth direction; one end of the transparent electrode is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove.

[0083] In this embodiment, the top electrode composed of the first transparent electrode layer, the metal layer, and the second transparent electrode layer enters the corresponding P2 groove. When the adjacent sub-perovskite cells are connected in series, the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, thereby effectively reducing the series resistance in the P2 groove and improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

[0084] In this embodiment, the metal layer is arranged between the two transparent electrode layers, which can reduce the possibility of metal exposure, thereby delaying the oxidation of the metal layer, and further delaying the problem of increased series resistance caused by the oxidation of the metal layer; the metal layer is arranged between the two transparent electrode layers, and the interlayer contact is closer, which can effectively delay the attenuation of the component; the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, so the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer can be appropriately reduced, which reduces the amount of transparent electrode layer material used, thereby reducing the production cost of the component.

[0085] In this embodiment, a metal electrode 9 is further provided in the P2 groove. One end of the metal electrode 9 in the P2 groove is in physical contact with the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the corresponding sub-transparent conductive layer, which serves to further reduce the contact resistance between the sub-perovskite cells, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

[0086] In the present embodiment, a transparent electrode is provided on one side wall of the P2 groove along its depth direction; one end of the transparent electrode is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove, which further reduces the contact resistance between the sub-perovskite cells, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell; in addition, since a transparent electrode is provided, one side wall of the metal electrode 9 is directly in contact with the transparent electrode, that is, one side wall of the metal electrode 9 does not need to be in direct contact with the functional layer. Since the transparent electrode has a higher adhesion rate on the functional layer, the metal electrode 9 is more tightly connected to the functional layer, which improves the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component.

[0087] Compared with the semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly disclosed in Example 2, the semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly disclosed in Example 3 has lower series resistance and slower assembly attenuation rate.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] like Figure 2 As shown, a semi-transparent perovskite battery component includes a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode stacked in sequence; wherein the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers, each sub-functional layer corresponding to a sub-perovskite battery; the functional layer includes a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, and an electron transport layer 5 stacked in sequence;

[0090] The top electrode comprises a first transparent electrode layer 6, a metal layer 7, and a second transparent electrode layer 8 stacked in sequence;

[0091] The transparent conductive layer 2 is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers, each of which corresponds to a sub-perovskite cell, and the sub-transparent conductive layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by a P1 groove; the sub-functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by a P2 groove; the top electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes, each of which corresponds to a sub-perovskite cell, and the sub-top electrodes of adjacent sub-perovskite cells are separated by a P3 groove; the projections of the P1 groove, the P2 groove and the P3 groove in the thickness direction do not overlap; the sub-top electrode of each sub-perovskite cell enters the corresponding P2 groove, and then physically contacts the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the corresponding P2 groove, thereby being connected in series with the adjacent sub-perovskite cell;

[0092] A metal electrode 9 is provided in the P2 groove;

[0093] Transparent electrodes are respectively arranged on both side walls of the P2 groove along its depth direction; one end of any transparent electrode is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove.

[0094] In this embodiment, the top electrode composed of the first transparent electrode layer, the metal layer, and the second transparent electrode layer enters the corresponding P2 groove. When the adjacent sub-perovskite cells are connected in series, the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, thereby effectively reducing the series resistance in the P2 groove and improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

[0095] In this embodiment, the metal layer is arranged between the two transparent electrode layers, which can reduce the possibility of metal exposure, thereby delaying the oxidation of the metal layer, and further delaying the problem of increased series resistance caused by the oxidation of the metal layer; the metal layer is arranged between the two transparent electrode layers, and the interlayer contact is closer, which can effectively delay the attenuation of the component; the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, so the thickness of the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer can be appropriately reduced, which reduces the amount of transparent electrode layer material used, thereby reducing the production cost of the component.

[0096] In this embodiment, a metal electrode 9 is further provided in the P2 groove. One end of the metal electrode in the P2 groove is in physical contact with the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the corresponding sub-transparent conductive layer, which further reduces the contact resistance between the sub-perovskite cells, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

[0097] In this embodiment, transparent electrodes are provided on both side walls of the P2 groove along its depth direction; wherein, one end of any transparent electrode is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove, which can further reduce the contact resistance between the sub-perovskite cells, thereby effectively improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell; in addition, since a transparent electrode is provided, the two side walls of the metal electrode 9 are directly in contact with the transparent electrode, that is, the two side walls of the metal electrode 9 do not need to be in direct contact with the functional layer, and since the transparent electrode has a higher adhesion rate on the functional layer, the metal electrode 9 is more tightly connected to the functional layer, thereby improving the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component.

[0098] Compared with the semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly of Example 3, the semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly of Example 4 has lower series resistance and slower attenuation rate.

[0099] Example 5

[0100] like Figure 3 As shown, a semi-transparent perovskite battery component is characterized in that it includes a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode 78 stacked in sequence; the transparent conductive layer 1 is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers by a plurality of P1 grooves, the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers by a plurality of P2 grooves, and the top electrode 78 is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes by a plurality of P3 grooves; the projections of the P1 grooves, the P2 grooves, and the P3 grooves in the thickness direction of the battery component do not overlap; one sub-transparent conductive layer, one sub-functional layer, and one sub-top electrode correspond to one sub-perovskite battery; the functional layer includes a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, and an electron transport layer 5 stacked in sequence;

[0101] A metal electrode 9 is provided in the P2 groove, and a transparent electrode is provided between the metal electrode 9 and a side wall of the P2 groove.

[0102] In this embodiment, a metal electrode 9 is provided in the P2 groove, and the adjacent sub-perovskite cells are connected in series by utilizing the good step coverage and ductility of the metal electrode 9, which can effectively reduce the series resistance in the P2 groove and improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell. Since a transparent electrode is provided, one side wall of the metal electrode 9 is in direct contact with the transparent electrode, that is, one side wall of the metal electrode 9 does not need to be in direct contact with the functional layer. Since the transparent electrode has a higher adhesion rate on the functional layer, the metal electrode 9 is more tightly connected to the functional layer, which improves the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component.

[0103] Example 6

[0104] like Figure 4As shown, a semi-transparent perovskite battery component is characterized in that it includes a glass substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode 78 stacked in sequence; the transparent conductive layer 1 is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers by a plurality of P1 grooves, the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers by a plurality of P2 grooves, and the top electrode 78 is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes by a plurality of P3 grooves; the projections of the P1 grooves, the P2 grooves, and the P3 grooves in the thickness direction of the battery component do not overlap; one sub-transparent conductive layer, one sub-functional layer, and one sub-top electrode correspond to one sub-perovskite battery; the functional layer includes a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite active layer 4, and an electron transport layer 5 stacked in sequence;

[0105] A metal electrode 9 is disposed in the P2 groove, and transparent electrodes are disposed between the metal electrode 9 and two side walls of the P2 groove.

[0106] In this embodiment, a metal electrode 9 is provided in the P2 groove, and the good step coverage ability and ductility of the metal electrode 9 are utilized to complete the series connection of adjacent sub-perovskite cells, which can effectively reduce the series resistance in the P2 groove and improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell. Since a transparent electrode is provided, the two side walls of the metal electrode 9 are directly in contact with the transparent electrode, that is, the two side walls of the metal electrode 9 do not need to be in direct contact with the functional layer. Since the transparent electrode has a higher adhesion rate on the functional layer, the metal electrode 9 is more tightly connected to the functional layer, which plays a role in improving the tightness of the connection between the layers, thereby effectively delaying the attenuation of the component.

[0107] In this embodiment, when the width of the P2 groove is between 30 μm and 70 μm, the detection data of the corresponding components are shown in Table 1 below.

[0108] Table 1

[0109]

[0110] Generally speaking, the narrower the P2 groove is, the better. Since metal electrodes and transparent electrodes need to be set in the P2 groove, the width of the P2 groove needs to be further optimized. According to the data in Table 1 above, when the P2 groove width is 50μm-60μm, the parameters of the battery component are better.

[0111] The width of the P2 groove is set at 50μm, and the thickness of the transparent electrodes on both sides of the P2 groove is changed. The corresponding component test data is shown in Table 2 below.

[0112] Table 2

[0113]

[0114] The T80 in Table 2 above refers to the time required for the output power of the component to decay to 80% of the initial output power under continuous illumination of 1 sun, and the time is measured in hours. Correspondingly, when the thickness of the transparent electrode on both sides of the P2 groove is 5μm, T80 is 1005 hours; when the thickness of the transparent electrode on both sides of the P2 groove is 15μm, T80 is 4132 hours. According to the data in Table 2 above, as the thickness of the transparent electrode on both sides of the P2 groove increases, the T80 life also increases accordingly. However, considering the width of the P2 groove, the thickness of the transparent electrode needs to be reasonably controlled. When the thickness of the transparent electrode on both sides of the P2 groove is 10μm-15μm, the parameters of the battery component are better.

[0115] The width of the P2 groove is set at 50μm, the thickness of the transparent electrodes on both sides of the P2 groove is set at 10μm, and then the thickness of the metal electrode (the shape of the metal electrode here is an inverted L shape) is changed. The test data of the corresponding components are shown in Table 3 below.

[0116] Table 3

[0117]

[0118] It can be seen from the test results in Table 3 above that when the thickness of the inverted L-shaped metal is between 100nm and 250nm, the parameters of the battery assembly are better.

[0119] In summary, in the embodiment, a metal electrode is provided in the P2 groove, and the adjacent sub-perovskite cells are connected in series by utilizing the good step coverage ability and ductility of the metal electrode, which can effectively reduce the series resistance in the P2 groove and improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell. In addition, in the semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly of the present application, the top electrode composed of the first transparent electrode layer, the metal layer, and the second transparent electrode layer, the top electrode enters the corresponding P2 groove, and when the adjacent sub-perovskite cells are connected in series, the metal layer plays a role in greatly improving the conductive performance of the top electrode, thereby effectively reducing the series resistance in the P2 groove and improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell.

[0120] In addition, regarding the description of the P3 groove, generally speaking, it is sufficient to ensure that the P3 groove penetrates the top electrode. Ideally, the P3 groove only penetrates the top electrode and separates the top electrode. In actual production, due to the influence of factors such as thermal influence, when the P3 groove is engraved, it will more or less affect the functional layers below the top electrode. Therefore, in some cases, the P3 groove can penetrate the functional layers below the top electrode. For example, Figure 1-Figure 2 shown.

[0121] An embodiment of the present application provides a photoelectric device, including the above-mentioned semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly.

[0122] An embodiment of the present application provides a four-terminal stacked battery assembly, comprising the above-mentioned translucent perovskite battery assembly; wherein the four-terminal stacked battery assembly is obtained by stacking a crystalline silicon battery assembly on the above-mentioned translucent perovskite battery assembly.

[0123] An embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module (not shown), at least one battery string, the battery string includes at least two of the four-terminal stacked battery modules, and adjacent four-terminal stacked battery modules can be connected together by series welding.

[0124] The embodiment of the present application can provide a photovoltaic system, including the photovoltaic components in any of the above embodiments. The advantages of the above photovoltaic components are also possessed by the photovoltaic system, which will not be repeated here. The above photovoltaic system has a wide range of applications, not only limited to photovoltaic power stations, such as ground power stations, rooftop power stations and water power stations, but also includes various equipment and devices that use solar energy to generate electricity, such as user solar power supplies, solar street lights, solar cars and solar buildings. Of course, it can be understood that the application scenarios of the photovoltaic system are not limited to this, that is to say, the photovoltaic system can be used in all fields where solar energy is required for power generation. Taking the photovoltaic power generation system network as an example, the photovoltaic system may include a photovoltaic array, a junction box and an inverter. The photovoltaic array may be an array combination of multiple photovoltaic components. For example, multiple photovoltaic components may form multiple photovoltaic arrays. The photovoltaic array is connected to a junction box. The junction box can converge the current generated by the photovoltaic array. The converged current flows through the inverter and is converted into the alternating current required by the mains power grid, and then connected to the mains network to realize solar power supply.

[0125] It should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. The orientation words "inside" and "outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Therefore, the exemplary term "above..." can include both "above..." and "below..." orientations. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0126] It should also be noted that "one embodiment", "another embodiment", "embodiment", etc. mentioned in this application refer to the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment included in at least one embodiment generally described in this application. The same expression appearing in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when describing a specific feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with any embodiment, it is claimed that the realization of such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0127] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0128] It should also be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and the patent protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly, characterized in that: It comprises a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer, and a top electrode which are stacked in sequence; the transparent conductive layer is divided into a plurality of sub-transparent conductive layers by a plurality of P1 grooves, the functional layer is divided into a plurality of sub-functional layers by a plurality of P2 grooves, and the top electrode is divided into a plurality of sub-top electrodes by a plurality of P3 grooves; the projections of the P1 grooves, the P2 grooves, and the P3 grooves in the thickness direction of the battery component do not overlap; one sub-transparent conductive layer, one sub-functional layer, and one sub-top electrode correspond to one sub-perovskite battery; A metal electrode is arranged in the P2 groove, and a transparent electrode is arranged between the metal electrode and at least one side wall of the P2 groove.

2. The semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal electrode is in a T-shape or an inverted L-shape.

3. The semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent electrode is an extension of the corresponding sub-top electrode, which is arranged on a side wall along the depth direction of the P2 groove; one end of the extension is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove.

4. The semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: Transparent electrodes are provided between the metal electrode and the two side walls of the P2 groove; One end of each of the transparent electrodes is connected to the corresponding sub-top electrode, and the other end is in physical contact with the sub-transparent conductive layer at the bottom of the P2 groove.

5. The semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The top electrode includes a first transparent electrode layer, a metal layer, and a second transparent electrode layer which are stacked in sequence.

6. The semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly includes a plurality of sub-perovskite batteries; the plurality of sub-perovskite batteries are arranged to form an array arrangement of a single row in the length direction and a plurality of columns in the width direction; each of the sub-perovskite batteries is 10 to 100 mm wide and 30 to 500 mm long, and the spacing width between the sub-functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite batteries is 0.1 to 2 mm.

7. A photoelectric device, characterized in that: Comprising a semi-transparent perovskite cell assembly as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A four-terminal laminated battery assembly, characterized in that: include: A semi-transparent perovskite battery assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; The crystalline silicon battery component and the semi-transparent perovskite battery component are stacked.

9. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: At least one battery string, the battery string comprising at least two four-terminal stacked battery assemblies according to claim 8.

10. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: Comprising the photovoltaic module as claimed in claim 9.

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