Fuel cell explosion-proof device

Abstract

The utility model provides a fuel cell explosion-proof device, which relates to the field of explosion-proof technology. The utility model provides such a fuel cell explosion-proof device, including an explosion-proof box for installing a fuel cell stack, the volume of the fuel cell stack is smaller than the volume of the explosion-proof box, and also includes a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a hydrogen exhaust pipe, an air inlet, an air outlet and a nitrogen inlet, the hydrogen inlet is connected to the hydrogen exhaust pipe, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the air exhaust pipe, the air inlet is connected to the air exhaust pipe, and the air outlet is connected to the air exhaust pipe. When the hydrogen concentration sensor detects that there is a hydrogen leak and reaches the lower limit of the concentration alarm value, the electronic control system controls the air pump to open, so as to empty the residual hydrogen and air in the battery stack pipeline, and at the same time open the solenoid valve on the nitrogen exhaust pipe to release the hydrogen leaked in the explosion-proof box, thereby improving the explosion-proof performance of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model provides a fuel cell explosion-proof device, which relates to the technical field of explosion-proof. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Its operating principle is mainly to generate electrical energy through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. During the operation of the fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen (or air) need to be introduced to maintain its normal operation. However, hydrogen itself is a flammable and explosive gas, so there are many risks of fire or explosion failure during the operation of the fuel cell system. Especially when the fuel cell is placed in a high-risk environment, it is very necessary to prevent the fuel cell stack from catching fire and hydrogen explosion.

[0003] Existing fuel cells usually do not require high-level explosion-proof measures when installed. Although they have a certain protective effect, the explosion-proof effect is not ideal and the safety needs to be improved. To address this problem, we urgently need a fuel cell explosion-proof device that can improve the explosion-proof performance. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing fuel cell installation box, which has a single structure and has a certain protective effect but poor explosion-proof performance and poor safety, the utility model provides a fuel cell explosion-proof device to improve the explosion-proof performance.

[0005] The technical implementation scheme of the utility model is: a fuel cell explosion-proof device, including an explosion-proof box for installing a fuel cell stack, the volume of the fuel cell stack is smaller than the volume of the explosion-proof box, and also includes a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a hydrogen discharge pipe, an air inlet, an air outlet, a nitrogen inlet, a nitrogen discharge pipe, a coolant discharge pipe and a coolant discharge pipe;

[0006] The hydrogen inlet is connected to the hydrogen discharge pipe, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the air discharge pipe, the air inlet is connected to the air discharge pipe, the air outlet is connected to the air discharge pipe, and the nitrogen inlet is connected to the nitrogen discharge pipe;

[0007] The hydrogen inlet pipe, the hydrogen outlet pipe, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are in communication with the fuel cell stack;

[0008] The nitrogen discharge pipe is in communication with the space inside the explosion-proof box;

[0009] The nitrogen discharge pipe is arranged above the explosion-proof box and communicates with the space inside the explosion-proof box;

[0010] The coolant inlet pipe and the coolant outlet pipe are connected to the fuel cell stack to dissipate heat for the fuel cell stack.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes an electronic control system, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a gas pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and the hydrogen concentration sensor, the gas pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are all connected to the electronic control system signal.

[0012] Optionally, the nitrogen exhaust pipe is provided with a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is connected to the electronic control system signal.

[0013] Optionally, a forced exhaust fan is provided on the nitrogen exhaust pipe, and the forced exhaust fan is connected to the electronic control system signal.

[0014] Optionally, a liquid pump is further included, the coolant inlet pipe and the coolant outlet pipe are in communication with the liquid pump, and the liquid pump is signal-connected to the electronic control system.

[0015] Optionally, outside the explosion-proof box, a connecting valve is provided between the nitrogen discharge pipe and the hydrogen discharge pipe.

[0016] Optionally, an intercooler is further provided between the air exhaust pipe and the fuel cell stack.

[0017] Optionally, an air pump is provided between the air outlet and the air exhaust pipe.

[0018] The utility model has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. When the hydrogen concentration sensor detects hydrogen leakage and reaches the lower limit of the concentration alarm value, the electronic control system controls the air pump to open to empty the residual hydrogen and air in the battery stack pipeline, and at the same time opens the solenoid valve on the nitrogen discharge pipe to release the leaked hydrogen in the explosion-proof box, thereby improving the explosion-proof performance of the device.

[0020] 2. When in use, first inject a sufficient amount of nitrogen through the nitrogen discharge pipe to replace the oxygen in the buffer space. After the replacement is completed, close the valves on the nitrogen discharge pipe and the nitrogen discharge pipe, so that the box is filled with nitrogen and maintains a certain pressure, thereby further playing an explosion-proof role for the fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of this application.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the explosion-proof box, battery stack and nitrogen exhaust pipe of this application.

[0023] Figure 3 For this application Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the explosion-proof box, hydrogen exhaust pipe and air exhaust pipe of this application.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the battery stack, the battery stack and the air exhaust pipe of the present application.

[0026] In the above figures: 1: explosion-proof box, 2: battery stack, 3: hydrogen inlet, 4: hydrogen outlet, 401: hydrogen discharge pipe, 5: air inlet, 6: air outlet, 7: nitrogen inlet, 8: nitrogen discharge pipe, 9: coolant discharge pipe, 10: coolant discharge pipe, 11: hydrogen discharge pipe, 12: air discharge pipe, 13: air discharge pipe, 14: nitrogen discharge pipe, 15: electronic control system, 16: hydrogen concentration sensor, 17: gas pressure sensor, 18: temperature sensor, 19: solenoid valve, 20: forced exhaust fan, 21: liquid pump, 22: connecting valve, 23: intercooler, 24: air pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A fuel cell explosion-proof device, see Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, it includes an explosion-proof box 1 for installing a fuel cell stack 2, the volume of the fuel cell stack 2 is smaller than that of the explosion-proof box 1, and also includes a hydrogen inlet 3, a hydrogen outlet 4, an air inlet 5, an air outlet 6, a nitrogen inlet 7, a nitrogen discharge pipe 8, a coolant discharge pipe 9 and a coolant discharge pipe 10, the hydrogen inlet 3 is connected to the hydrogen discharge pipe 11, the hydrogen outlet 4 is connected to the air discharge pipe 12, the air inlet 5 is connected to the air discharge pipe 13, the air outlet 6 is connected to the air discharge pipe 12, the nitrogen inlet 7 is connected to the nitrogen discharge pipe 14, the hydrogen discharge pipe 11, the hydrogen discharge pipe, the air discharge pipe 13 and the air discharge pipe 12 are connected to the fuel cell stack 2, the nitrogen discharge pipe 14 is connected to the space inside the explosion-proof box 1, the nitrogen discharge pipe 8 is arranged above the explosion-proof box 1 and is connected to the space inside the explosion-proof box 1, the coolant discharge pipe 9 and the coolant discharge pipe 10 are connected to the fuel cell stack 2, and the fuel cell stack 2 is cooled.

[0030] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it also includes an electronic control system 15 , a hydrogen concentration sensor 16 , a gas pressure sensor 17 and a temperature sensor 18 . The hydrogen concentration sensor 16 , the gas pressure sensor 17 and the temperature sensor 18 are all connected to the electronic control system 15 by signals.

[0031] See also Figure 2As shown, a solenoid valve 19 is installed on the nitrogen exhaust pipe 8 , and the solenoid valve 19 is connected to the electronic control system 15 for signal.

[0032] See also Figure 2 As shown, a forced exhaust fan 20 is provided on the nitrogen exhaust pipe 8, and the forced exhaust fan 20 is connected to the electric control system 15 by signal, and the forced exhaust fan 20 meets the explosion-proof requirements of ⅡCT1.

[0033] See also Figure 4 As shown, a liquid pump 21 is also included. The coolant inlet pipe 9 and the coolant outlet pipe 10 are connected to the liquid pump 21 . The liquid pump 21 is connected to the electronic control system 15 for signal connection.

[0034] See also Figure 4 As shown, outside the explosion-proof box 1 , a connecting valve 22 is provided between the nitrogen discharge pipe 14 and the hydrogen discharge pipe 11 .

[0035] See also Figure 4 As shown, an air pump 24 is provided between the air outlet 6 and the air exhaust pipe 12 .

[0036] First, the air inlet 5 is connected to the air compressor, the hydrogen inlet 3 is connected to the hydrogen supply equipment, the nitrogen inlet 7 is connected to the nitrogen supply equipment, and the coolant discharge pipe 9 is connected to the external radiator. After the fuel cell stack 2 is started, air enters the fuel cell stack 2 through the air inlet 5 and the air discharge pipe 13, and hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack 2 through the hydrogen inlet 3 and the hydrogen discharge pipe 11. The air and hydrogen in the fuel cell stack 2 react to generate electricity. When the hydrogen concentration sensor 16 in the explosion-proof box 1 detects that hydrogen is leaking and reaches the lower limit of the concentration alarm value, the electronic control system 15 controls the battery stack 2 to stop reacting, and by opening the air pump 24 on the air discharge pipe 12, the residual hydrogen and air in the pipeline of the battery stack 2 are emptied. At the same time, the solenoid valve 19 on the nitrogen discharge pipe 8 is opened to release the leaked hydrogen in the explosion-proof box 1. When the hydrogen concentration sensor 16 detects that the hydrogen reaches the upper limit of the concentration alarm value, the forced exhaust fan 20 installed on the nitrogen discharge pipe 8 is further opened for forced release.

[0037] When in use, first inject a sufficient amount of nitrogen from the gas inlet 6 and the nitrogen discharge pipe 14, and detect that the nitrogen is discharged from the nitrogen discharge pipe 8. Since nitrogen is heavier than air, the nitrogen discharge pipe 8 is set at the top of the explosion-proof box 1. When the nitrogen discharge pipe 8 detects nitrogen, it can be judged that the buffer space in the explosion-proof box 1 is full of nitrogen, thereby replacing the oxygen in the buffer space. When the replacement is completed, close the valves on the nitrogen discharge pipe 14 and the nitrogen discharge pipe 8, so that the box is filled with nitrogen and maintains a certain pressure, such as 0.5MPa. At the same time, nitrogen is discharged from the gas inlet 6. A connecting valve 22 is provided to connect to the hydrogen inlet 3. When the hydrogen concentration is higher than a threshold value, the hydrogen supply can be stopped, and the nitrogen discharge pipe 14 is connected to the hydrogen discharge pipe 11 to replace the hydrogen in the battery stack 2 with nitrogen to avoid the risk of explosion. In addition, a gas pressure sensor 17 is provided in the explosion-proof box 1. When the gas pressure is lower than a set value, the nitrogen in the explosion-proof box 1 needs to be supplemented. A temperature sensor 18 is provided in the explosion-proof box 1. When the temperature in the box is higher than a set value, the nitrogen in the explosion-proof box 1 needs to be replaced to reduce the gas temperature in the explosion-proof box 1.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Based on Example 1, see Figure 4 As shown, an intercooler 23 is further provided between the air exhaust pipe 13 and the fuel cell stack 2 .

[0040] The air entering the battery stack 2 through the intercooler 23 is cooled to reduce the risk of explosion of the battery stack 2 .

[0041] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the utility model, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the utility model and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the utility model. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A fuel cell explosion-proof device, characterized in that: It comprises an explosion-proof box (1) for installing a fuel cell stack (2), the volume of the fuel cell stack (2) being smaller than the volume of the explosion-proof box (1), and also comprises a hydrogen inlet (3), a hydrogen outlet (4), a hydrogen discharge pipe (401), an air inlet (5), an air outlet (6), a nitrogen inlet (7), a nitrogen discharge pipe (8), a coolant discharge pipe (9) and a coolant discharge pipe (10); The hydrogen inlet (3) is connected to the hydrogen discharge pipe (11), the hydrogen outlet (4) is connected to the air discharge pipe (12), the air inlet (5) is connected to the air discharge pipe (13), the air outlet (6) is connected to the air discharge pipe (12), and the nitrogen inlet (7) is connected to the nitrogen discharge pipe (14); The hydrogen inlet pipe (11), the hydrogen outlet pipe (401), the air inlet pipe (13) and the air outlet pipe (12) are in communication with the fuel cell stack (2); The nitrogen discharge pipe (14) is in communication with the space inside the explosion-proof box (1); The nitrogen discharge pipe (8) is arranged above the explosion-proof box (1) and is communicated with the inner space of the explosion-proof box (1); The coolant discharge pipe (9) and the coolant discharge pipe (10) are connected to the fuel cell stack (2) to dissipate heat from the fuel cell stack (2).

2. A fuel cell explosion-proof device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an electronic control system (15), a hydrogen concentration sensor (16), a gas pressure sensor (17) and a temperature sensor (18), wherein the hydrogen concentration sensor (16), the gas pressure sensor (17) and the temperature sensor (18) are all connected to the electronic control system (15) by signals.

3. A fuel cell explosion-proof device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen discharge pipe (8) is provided with a solenoid valve (19), and the solenoid valve (19) is connected to the electronic control system (15) by signal.

4. A fuel cell explosion-proof device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen exhaust pipe (8) is provided with a forced exhaust fan (20), and the forced exhaust fan (20) is signal-connected to the electric control system (15).

5. A fuel cell explosion-proof device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid pump (21), the cooling liquid discharge pipe (9) and the cooling liquid discharge pipe (10) are in communication with the liquid pump (21), and the liquid pump (21) is signal-connected to the electronic control system (15).

6. A fuel cell explosion-proof device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Outside the explosion-proof box (1), a connecting valve (22) is provided between the nitrogen discharge pipe (14) and the hydrogen discharge pipe (11).

7. A fuel cell explosion-proof device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An intercooler (23) is also provided between the air exhaust pipe (13) and the fuel cell stack (2).

8. A fuel cell explosion-proof device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air pump (24) is provided between the air outlet (6) and the air exhaust pipe (12).

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