Broadband high-gain antenna
By designing an optimized gap radiator structure and microstrip line configuration in broadband gap antennas, the problem of low gain in existing antennas is solved, and high gain effect over a wide frequency range is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421383474.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-17
AI Technical Summary
The existing planar broadband gap antenna has a low gain, limiting its application in modern wireless communication terminals.
A broadband high gain antenna is designed to optimize the structure of the gap radiator to improve radiation characteristics by setting the metal ground and the gap radiator on the first metal layer and providing microstrip lines and metal through holes on the second metal layer.
High gain is achieved over a relatively wide frequency range, improving the structural performance of existing broadband slot antennas.
Smart Images
Figure CN222775590U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of slot antennas, in particular to a broadband high-gain antenna. Background Art
[0002] Planar broadband slot antenna is an antenna formed by a slot on the conductor surface. It is usually used in wireless communications and radio frequency applications. It has attracted widespread attention and in-depth research from scholars and engineers in the industry due to its low profile, small size, light weight, simple design, high data transmission rate, and easy integration with other components.
[0003] However, the existing reported planar broadband slot antennas often have the problem of low gain, which limits their application in modern wireless communication terminals. Utility Model Content
[0004] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a broadband high-gain antenna, which has the advantage of high gain.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model proposes a broadband high-gain antenna, comprising a first metal layer, a dielectric layer and a second metal layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the first metal layer is used to enhance the radiation characteristics, and the first metal layer is provided with a metal ground, and the metal ground is provided with a slot radiator; the slot radiator includes a first slot body extending along the width direction of the metal ground and a second slot body extending along the length direction of the metal ground, and the first slot body is provided with two, and the two first slot bodies are located on the same side of the second slot body; the second metal layer is used for feeding.
[0006] Optionally, the second metal layer is provided with a microstrip line and a metal through hole, the impedance of the microstrip line is 50Ω, and one side of the microstrip line is located directly below the second gap body, the metal through hole is opened on the microstrip line, and the metal through hole passes through the second metal layer, the dielectric layer and the first metal layer in sequence.
[0007] Optionally, the slot radiator is bilaterally symmetrical about the microstrip line.
[0008] Optionally, the length of the first gap body is L S1 , the length of the second gap body is L S2 , the distance between the two first gap bodies is D S1 , the width of the first gap body is W S , the frequency f corresponding to the first resonance point of the broadband high-gain antenna p1 The relationship with the size of the slot radiator is:
[0009]
[0010] Optionally, the frequency f corresponding to the second resonance point of the broadband high-gain antenna p2 The relationship with the size of the slot radiator is:
[0011]
[0012] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is εr, and the relationship between the actual dielectric constant εrs of the broadband high-gain antenna and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is:
[0013]
[0014] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is 3.38, the dielectric loss of the dielectric layer is 0.0022, and the thickness is 0.762 mm.
[0015] Optionally, the length of the metal ground is L G =130mm, the width of the metal ground is W G =85mm.
[0016] Optionally, the length L of the first gap body S1 is 17 mm, and the length L of the second gap body is S2 is 82 mm, and the distance D between the two first gap bodies is S1 is 34 mm, and the width W of the first gap body is S is 4mm.
[0017] Optionally, the length of the microstrip line is L F =50mm, width W F =1.8mm, the diameter of the metal through hole is Φ V =1.4mm.
[0018] The beneficial effect of the utility model is that the structure of the existing broadband slot antenna is improved, and by reasonably designing the structure of the slot radiator, wherein the slot radiator includes a second slot and two second slots arranged on the same side of the first slot, high gain can be achieved in a relatively wide frequency range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.
[0020] Figure 1 A side view of a broadband high-gain antenna according to an embodiment of the utility model;
[0021] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a broadband high-gain antenna according to an embodiment of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 3 A front view of a broadband high-gain antenna according to an embodiment of the utility model;
[0023] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a broadband high-gain antenna according to an embodiment of the utility model;
[0024] Figure 5 A front view of a broadband high-gain antenna according to another embodiment of the utility model;
[0025] Figure 6 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a broadband high-gain antenna according to another embodiment of the utility model;
[0026] Figure 7 The reflection coefficient of the broadband high-gain antenna of the utility model changes with L S1 Schematic diagram of the changes;
[0027] Figure 8 The reflection coefficient of the broadband high-gain antenna of the utility model changes with L S2 Schematic diagram of the changes;
[0028] Fig. 9 The reflection coefficient of the broadband high-gain antenna of the utility model varies with D S1 Schematic diagram of the changes;
[0029] Fig.10 The reflection coefficient of the broadband high-gain antenna of the utility model varies with W S Schematic diagram of the changes;
[0030] Fig.11 The reflection coefficient of the broadband high-gain antenna of the utility model varies with Φ V Schematic diagram of the changes;
[0031] Fig.12 The reflection coefficient and maximum gain simulation results of the broadband high-gain antenna of the utility model are shown in FIG.
[0032] Description of Figure Numbers:
[0033] First metal layer 1; metal ground 11; slot radiator 12; dielectric layer 2; second metal layer 3; microstrip line 311; metal through hole 321.
[0034] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the utility model will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0036] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
[0037] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the utility model, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, if the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text is to include three parallel schemes, taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the utility model.
[0038] See also Figures 1 to 6 An embodiment of the utility model proposes a broadband high-gain antenna, comprising a first metal layer 1, a dielectric layer 2 and a second metal layer 3 arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the first metal layer 1 is used to enhance the radiation characteristics, and the first metal layer 1 is provided with a metal ground 11, and the metal ground 11 is provided with a slot radiator 12; the second metal layer 3 is used for feeding.
[0039] In this embodiment, by improving the structure of the existing broadband slot antenna and by reasonably designing the structure of the slot radiator 12, wherein the slot radiator 12 includes a second slot and two first slots arranged on the same side of the second slot, high gain can be achieved in a relatively wide frequency range.
[0040] Specifically, the slot radiator 12 includes a first slot body extending along the width direction of the metal ground 11 and a second slot body extending along the length direction of the metal ground 11. Two first slot bodies are provided, and the two first slot bodies are located on the same side of the second slot body.
[0041] Furthermore, the metal ground 11 on the first metal layer 1 determines the normalized radiation pattern of the slot antenna, and the structure of the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 3 determines the broadband of the slot antenna. The first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 3 are both made of copper plating, and the first metal layer 1 and the dielectric layer 2 have the same size and shape. The outer contours of the first metal layer 1 and the dielectric layer 2 are butted against each other, and the whole is viewed from the outside as a plane.
[0042] See also Figures 1 to 6 In this embodiment, the second metal layer 3 is provided with a microstrip line 311 and a metal through hole 321, the impedance of the microstrip line 311 is 50Ω, and one side of the microstrip line 311 is located directly below the second slot body, the metal through hole 321 is opened on the microstrip line 311, and the metal through hole 321 sequentially passes through the second metal layer 3, the dielectric layer 2 and the first metal layer 1. By designing the parameters of the microstrip line 311 and the metal through hole 321, the transmission characteristics and impedance matching of the signal can be effectively controlled, thereby improving the performance and stability of the circuit.
[0043] See also Figures 1 to 6 In this embodiment, the slot radiator 12 is bilaterally symmetrical about the microstrip line 311. Specifically, the slot radiator 12 is formed by connecting two first slot bodies of the same size and shape with a second slot body perpendicular to the first slot body, wherein the second slot body is a centrally symmetrical structure, which is located at the center of the metal ground 11, and the two second slot bodies are symmetrical to each other about the midline of the first slot body.
[0044] In this embodiment, the length of the first gap body is L S1 , the length of the second gap body is L S2 , the distance between the two first gap bodies is D S1 , the width of the first gap body is W S , the frequency f corresponding to the first resonance point of the broadband high-gain antenna p1 The relationship with the size change of the slot radiator 12 is:
[0045]
[0046] In this embodiment, the frequency f corresponding to the second resonance point of the broadband high-gain antenna p2 The relationship with the size change of the slot radiator 12 is:
[0047]
[0048] In this embodiment, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 is εr, and the relationship between the actual dielectric constant εrs of the broadband high-gain antenna and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 is:
[0049]
[0050] In one embodiment, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 is 3.38, the dielectric loss of the dielectric layer 2 is 0.0022, and the thickness is 0.762 mm.
[0051] See also Figures 1 to 6 In one embodiment, the length of the metal ground 11 is L G =130mm, the width of the metal ground 11 is W G =85mm.
[0052] See also Figures 1 to 6 In one embodiment, the length L of the first gap body S1 is 17 mm, and the length L of the second gap body is S2 is 82 mm, and the distance D between the two first gap bodies is S1 is 34 mm, and the width W of the first gap body is S is 4mm.
[0053] See also Figures 1 to 6 In one embodiment, the length of the microstrip line 311 is L F =50mm, width W F =1.8mm, the diameter of the metal through hole 321 is Φ V =1.4mm.
[0054] The present invention is described in more detail below by way of examples. However, the following examples are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make any changes, improvements or modifications without violating the spirit of the present invention.
[0055] See also Figures 1 to 6 In this example, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 is 3.38, the dielectric loss is 0.0022, and the thickness is 0.762 mm; the thickness of the metal layer 31 is 0.035 mm, and the width W of the metal ground 11 is G and length L G 85mm and 130mm respectively; the length L of the first gap body S1 is 17 mm, and the length L of the second gap body is S2is 82 mm, and the distance D between the two first gap bodies is S1 is 34 mm, and the width W of the first gap body is S is 4 mm; the length of the microstrip line 311 is L F =50mm, width W F =1.8mm, the diameter of the metal through hole 321 is Φ V =1.4mm.
[0056] See also Figures 5 to 12 , in order to further study the core parameter L S1 , L S2 , D S1 , W S and Φ V In one embodiment, the present invention also conducts a series of actual tests to obtain the following simulation results on the antenna performance:
[0057] See also Figure 7 , as the length L of the first gap body S1 As the reflection coefficient in the passband becomes better, the frequency corresponding to the second resonance point moves downward, and the passband becomes narrower.
[0058] See also Figure 8 , as the length L of the second gap body S2 As the reflection coefficient in the passband becomes worse, the frequency corresponding to the first resonance point moves downward, and the passband bandwidth is L S2 =82.0mm is the maximum.
[0059] See also Fig. 9 , as the distance D between the two first gap bodies S1 As the reflection coefficient in the passband increases, it first becomes better and then worse. The passband width is within the distance D between the two first gap bodies. S1 = Maximum when 34.0mm.
[0060] See also Fig.10 , as the width W of the first gap body S As the reflection coefficient in the passband increases, it first becomes better and then worse. The passband width is the width of the first gap body W. S = Maximum when 4.0mm.
[0061] See also Fig.11 , as the diameter of the metal through hole 321 Φ V As the reflection coefficient in the passband becomes larger, it remains almost unchanged and its effect on the bandwidth can be ignored.
[0062] From the analysis of the influence of the above key parameters on the antenna performance, it can be seen that based on the structure proposed by the present invention, a broadband antenna can be designed. By optimizing its core parameters, a set of optimized design parameters are obtained, which can be summarized as follows: the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 is 3.38, the dielectric loss is 0.0022, and the thickness is 0.762mm; the thickness of the metal layer 31 is 0.035mm, and the width W of the metal ground 11 is G and length L G The length L of the first gap body is 85 mm and 130 mm respectively. S1 Take 17mm, the length L of the second gap body S2 Take 82mm, the distance D between the two first gap bodies S1 The width W of the first gap is 34 mm. S Take 4mm; the length of the microstrip line 311 is L F =50mm, width is W F =1.8mm, the diameter of the metal through hole 321 is Φ V =1.4mm. The reflection coefficient and maximum gain simulation results of the broadband slot antenna after parameter optimization are shown in Fig.12 As shown. Fig.12 It is easy to know that the antenna has broadband characteristics. The bandwidth range of the reflection coefficient less than -10dB is 2.39 to 3.21GHz, the center frequency is 2.8GHz, the absolute bandwidth is 0.82GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 29.3%, showing broadband characteristics; the average maximum gain in the passband is 6.02dBi, showing the advantage of high gain. In the passband, there are four transmission poles, located at 2.7 and 3.12GHz, respectively, to ensure the flatness of the maximum gain in the passband.
[0063] The above description is only an optional embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A broadband high-gain antenna, characterized in that: It includes a first metal layer, a dielectric layer and a second metal layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; The first metal layer is used to enhance radiation characteristics, and the first metal layer is provided with a metal ground, and the metal ground is provided with a slot radiator; The slot radiator comprises a first slot body extending along the width direction of the metal ground and a second slot body extending along the length direction of the metal ground, wherein the first slot body is provided with two slots, and the two first slot bodies are located on the same side of the second slot body; The second metal layer is used for power feeding.
2. The broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second metal layer is provided with a microstrip line and a metal through hole, the impedance of the microstrip line is 50Ω, and one side of the microstrip line is located directly below the second gap body, the metal through hole is opened on the microstrip line, and the metal through hole passes through the second metal layer, the dielectric layer and the first metal layer in sequence.
3. The broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slot radiator is bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the microstrip line.
4. The broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the first gap body is L S1 , the length of the second gap body is L S2 , the distance between the two first gap bodies is D S1 , the width of the first slit body and the width of the second slit body are both W S , the frequency f corresponding to the first resonance point of the broadband high-gain antenna p1 The relationship with the size of the slot radiator is: 。 5. The broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The frequency f corresponding to the second resonance point of the broadband high-gain antenna p2 The relationship with the size of the slot radiator is: 。 6. The broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is ɛ r , the actual dielectric constant ɛ of the broadband high-gain antenna rs The relationship with the change of dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is: 。 7. The broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is 3.38, the dielectric loss of the dielectric layer is 0.0022, and the thickness is 0.762 mm.
8. The broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the metal ground is L G =130mm, the width of the metal ground is W G =85mm.
9. The broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length L of the first gap body S1 is 17 mm, and the length L of the second gap body is S2 is 82 mm, and the distance D between the two first gap bodies is S1 is 34 mm, and the width W of the first gap body is S is 4mm.
10. The broadband high-gain antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the microstrip line is L F =50mm, width is W F =1.8mm, the diameter of the metal through hole is Φ V =1.4mm.