A high-gain co-boresight dual-polarized antenna array

Abstract

The application relates to a high-gain co-aperture dual-polarized antenna array and belongs to the technical field of antennas. First, high-gain antenna units are adopted, so that the antenna arrangement is sparse and has high aperture efficiency; then, low-frequency and high-frequency antenna positions are staggered through 1:4 proportion; finally, the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate is rotated by 45 degrees to stagger the radiation direction of the high-frequency antenna and reduce the dielectric loss of high-frequency energy. The antenna array has the advantages of convenient installation, stable structure, good grounding and wide bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology and relates to a dual-band high-gain dual-polarized array antenna suitable for use in motion. Background Technology

[0002] In the design of multi-antenna systems, ensuring isolation between the receiving and transmitting channels is a critical issue. Traditional communication systems typically use additional duplexers to separate signals operating in different frequency bands, but this significantly increases system size and cost. Considering the need for miniaturization and the inherent isolation between frequency bands, co-aperture antennas offer an effective solution. Co-aperture antennas place multiple antennas within a limited space, reducing mutual coupling between antennas at different frequencies through a rational spatial layout, and sharing the same aperture radiated signal, thus greatly reducing system size. The feed networks and radiating elements of different antennas in a co-aperture antenna can be designed separately to support different frequency bands, allowing them to operate independently. Furthermore, when the receiving and transmitting antennas of a co-aperture antenna operate independently in two frequency bands, their polarizations are orthogonal, significantly improving the isolation between the received and transmitted signals, thereby meeting the requirements of system miniaturization and high performance. Therefore, the research on dual-polarized multi-band co-aperture antennas has significant practical implications.

[0003] Currently, most common-aperture antennas employ a rational layout design to achieve low coupling between antennas of different frequency bands, ultimately achieving the goal of a common aperture. Such antennas typically lack high aperture efficiency. Some common-aperture antennas combine slot antennas and patch antennas; both types have relatively narrow bandwidths and low radiation efficiency. Symmetrical array antennas possess a wider bandwidth and can achieve greater gain for the same aperture by changing their height; therefore, symmetrical array antennas are the preferred choice.

[0004] Symmetrical array antennas typically employ an all-metal or all-dielectric substrate structure. All-metal structures, manufactured as a single unit, present challenges in fabricating antenna elements with unique shapes and also present difficulties in achieving high-precision fabrication for high-frequency antennas. All-dielectric substrate structures offer advantages in terms of ease of fabrication and assembly, but suffer from high dielectric loss, hindering the achievement of high gain.

[0005] Currently, the antenna requires soldering to ensure grounding at both the cable sheath and the ground plane. However, this soldering process can result in poor grounding due to incomplete soldering. When the antenna is low, soldering the antenna ground to the cable sheath and the cable sheath to the ground plane presents challenges, as it can be difficult to reach the ground plane and the antenna for soldering. Even when the antenna is high enough to allow the soldering iron to reach the ground plane, there are still issues with the soldering iron tip penetrating deep into the array. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical problems to be solved

[0007] To avoid the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-gain, common-aperture dual-polarized array antenna that is easy to install and weld.

[0008] Technical solution

[0009] A high-gain common-aperture dual-polarized antenna array is characterized by comprising a low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate, a high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate, a metal ground plane, a coaxial connector for the low-frequency antenna, a coaxial connector for the high-frequency antenna, and an antenna feed network. Both the low-frequency and high-frequency antenna dielectric substrates are fixed to the metal ground plane, with the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate positioned above the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate. The low-frequency and high-frequency antenna dielectric substrates are offset by a 1:4 ratio, and the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate is rotated 45° relative to the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate. The high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate is connected to the antenna feed network via the coaxial connector for the high-frequency antenna, and the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate is also connected to the antenna feed network via the coaxial connector for the low-frequency antenna.

[0010] The front side of the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate is a feeding structure, and the back side is an FSS frequency selective surface.

[0011] The FSS frequency selection surface has a "U" shaped structure.

[0012] The front side of the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate is a feeding structure, and the back side is a radiating structure.

[0013] The aforementioned radiating structure is achieved by cutting fan-shaped holes in a square metal sheet to miniaturize and widen the antenna.

[0014] The low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate is fixed to a metal floor at its four corners by dielectric posts for fixing the low-frequency dielectric substrate.

[0015] The high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate is fixed to a metal floor by dielectric pillars for fixing the high-frequency dielectric substrate.

[0016] A U-shaped groove is provided on the front side of the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate for welding the outer skin protrusion of the coaxial connector of the low-frequency antenna.

[0017] A U-shaped groove is provided on the front side of the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate for welding the outer skin protrusion of the coaxial connector of the high-frequency antenna.

[0018] The antenna feed network includes a low-frequency 1-to-4 feed network and four 1-to-4 high-frequency feed networks.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] This invention provides a high-gain common-aperture dual-polarized antenna array, which has the advantages of easy installation, stable structure, good grounding, and wide bandwidth. Details are as follows:

[0021] 1. By setting an FSS frequency selective surface on the low-frequency antenna, the high-frequency energy radiated by the high-frequency antenna placed below the low-frequency antenna can be radiated with minimal loss, thereby achieving a higher aperture efficiency.

[0022] 2. First, high-gain antenna elements are used to achieve high aperture efficiency while sparse antenna arrangement; then, the low-frequency and high-frequency antenna positions are staggered by a ratio of 1:4; finally, the dielectric substrate of the low-frequency antenna is rotated by 45° to stagger the radiation direction of the high-frequency antenna, thereby reducing the dielectric loss of high-frequency energy.

[0023] 3. The defect of inconvenient welding on the back of the medium base, which leads to easy short circuits, is solved by setting a U-shaped groove on the outer skin of the welding coaxial connector. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the array antenna of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a top view of the array antenna of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a side view of the array antenna of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the two sides of the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the double-sided dielectric substrate of the high-frequency antenna of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxial connector structure for the high-frequency antenna of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxial connector structure for the low-frequency antenna of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 The simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the four 4x4 subarrays of the high-frequency antenna of this invention;

[0033] Figure 9 The simulation results of the low-frequency antenna standing wave of this invention;

[0034] Figure 10 The above are the simulation results of the high-frequency antenna gain of this invention;

[0035] Figure 11 The results are simulation results of the low-frequency antenna gain of this invention.

[0036] The components include: 1. Low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate; 2. High-frequency antenna dielectric substrate; 3. Metal ground plane; 4. Screw holes for fixing; 5. Coaxial connector for low-frequency antenna; 6. Dielectric nut for fixing; 7. Dielectric post for fixing low-frequency dielectric substrate; 8. Dielectric post for fixing high-frequency dielectric substrate; 9. Coaxial connector for high-frequency antenna; 10. Antenna feed network; 11. Through hole for fixing dielectric substrate; 12. Low-frequency antenna radiating part including FSS structure; 13. Low-frequency antenna feed part; 14. U-shaped groove for welding the outer skin of coaxial connector; 15. High-frequency antenna feed part; 16. High-frequency antenna radiating part; 17. U-shaped groove for welding the outer skin of coaxial connector; 18. Outer skin protrusion for welding high-frequency antenna radiating part; 19. Outer skin protrusion for welding low-frequency antenna radiating part; 20. Flange locking position. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the topmost part of the structure of this invention is a low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 1 containing a high-frequency FSS structure. The antenna radiating part 12 is connected to the metal ground plane 3 via a coaxial connector 5 for the low-frequency antenna. Below the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 1 is a high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 2, which is connected to the metal ground plane 3 via a coaxial connector 9 for the high-frequency antenna. The low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 1 and the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 2 are offset by a 1:4 ratio, and the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 1 is rotated 45° relative to the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 2.

[0039] At the four corners of the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 1, dielectric posts 7 and dielectric nuts 6 are used to completely fix the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 1 to the metal ground plate 3 to prevent the antenna from falling off due to vibration.

[0040] At the four corners of the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 2, dielectric posts 8 and dielectric nuts are used to completely fix the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate 2 to the metal ground plate 3 to prevent the antenna from falling off due to vibration.

[0041] The coaxial connector is screwed into the metal ground plane to ensure good grounding and connects the inner core to the feed line in the feed network. U-shaped slots 14 and 17 are cut into the radiating sections of the dielectric substrate that require grounding. The outer protrusions 18 and 19 of the coaxial connector are trimmed, excess corners are cut off, allowing the remaining protrusions to fully enter the U-shaped slots. The inner core is then welded to the U-shaped slots to ensure good connection of the antenna feed sections 13 and 15, and good grounding of the antenna radiating sections 12 and 16. The radiating section 12 is designed with a "U"-shaped structure as an FSS filter structure, while the high-frequency radiating section 16 uses fan-shaped holes cut into a square metal sheet to achieve antenna miniaturization and broadband. The U-shaped slot structure on the dielectric substrate and the protrusion structure on the coaxial connector allow antenna assemblers to perform welding above the antenna to ensure grounding and weld the inner core. Simultaneously, the threaded structure of the coaxial connector avoids the need for welding between the coaxial outer sheath and the ground plane, which could potentially lead to poor grounding.

[0042] The bottom antenna feed network 10 consists of a bottom low-frequency feed network divided into four and four high-frequency feed networks divided into four, with the top metal cover plate serving as the antenna's metal ground plane 3.

[0043] Coaxial connectors for the antennas are fixed to the metal base plate 3 via threads. There are a total of 8 low-frequency antenna coaxial connectors 5 and 32 low-frequency antenna coaxial connectors 9. Four low-frequency antenna dielectric substrates 1 and 16 high-frequency antenna dielectric substrates 2 are welded on them respectively. The feed part of the antenna dielectric substrate faces upward and the radiating part faces downward, which ensures radiation capability while facilitating soldering.

[0044] Dielectric pillars 7 and 8 are fixed by drilling holes at the four corners of the antenna dielectric substrate and at the corresponding positions on the ground plane below. The dielectric pillars have two holes at the bottom of the rectangular base. Screws are fixed to the pre-drilled threaded holes in the metal ground plane through the two small holes. After passing through the dielectric substrate from the top, the dielectric substrate is fixed with dielectric nuts.

[0045] This invention achieves the following through a combination of the above technical means: Figure 8 , 9 The simulation results for 10 and 11 show good standing wave ratio and an aperture efficiency of 92%.

[0046] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and such modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain common-aperture dual-polarized antenna array, characterized in that... The antenna includes a low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (1), a high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (2), a metal ground plane (3), a coaxial connector (5) for the low-frequency antenna, a coaxial connector (9) for the high-frequency antenna, and an antenna feed network (10). Both the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (1) and the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (2) are fixed on the metal ground plane (3). The low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (1) is located on top of the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (2). The low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (1) and the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (2) are staggered at a 1:4 ratio, and the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (1) is rotated 45° relative to the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (2). The high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (2) is connected to the high-frequency antenna by a high-frequency antenna... The coaxial connector (9) of the line is connected to the antenna feed network (10), and the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (1) is connected to the antenna feed network (10) through the coaxial connector (5) of the low-frequency antenna. The front side of the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (1) is a feed structure, and the back side is an FSS frequency selection surface. The front side of the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (2) is a feed structure, and the back side is a radiation structure. A U-shaped groove is provided on the front side of the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (1) for welding the outer skin protrusion of the coaxial connector (5) of the low-frequency antenna. A U-shaped groove is provided on the front side of the high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (2) for welding the outer skin protrusion of the coaxial connector (9) of the high-frequency antenna.

2. The high-gain common-aperture dual-polarized antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The FSS frequency selection surface has a "U" shaped structure.

3. A high-gain common-aperture dual-polarized antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned radiating structure is achieved by cutting fan-shaped holes in a square metal sheet to miniaturize and widen the antenna.

4. A high-gain common-aperture dual-polarized antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four corners of the low-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (1) are fixed to the metal floor (3) by dielectric pillars (7) used to fix the low-frequency dielectric substrate.

5. A high-gain common-aperture dual-polarized antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-frequency antenna dielectric substrate (2) is fixed to the metal floor (3) by dielectric pillars (8) for fixing the high-frequency dielectric substrate.

6. A high-gain common-aperture dual-polarized antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna feed network includes a low-frequency 1-to-4 feed network and four 1-to-4 high-frequency feed networks.

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