Anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure of aluminum electrolysis cell

Abstract

The utility model relates to an aluminum electrolysis cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure, which relates to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum, and comprises an anode guide rod, an anode steel claw and a shunting structure, the shunting structure is an aluminum plate, one end face of the aluminum plate is welded on the anode guide rod, and one end face of the aluminum plate is welded on the anode steel claw through a current-sharing direct welding process. Good conductivity of the aluminum plate can be utilized, current can be guided to be more uniformly distributed on the claw teeth, voltage drop can be reduced, electric energy loss can be reduced, meanwhile, when the aluminum plate and the anode steel claw are welded, the aluminum base alloy layer and the pure aluminum layer which are used for transition are arranged, the welding strength between the aluminum plate and the anode steel claw can be enhanced, and the service life of the aluminum plate and the anode steel claw is prolonged. The impedance of a welding part can be reduced, and the loss of electric energy is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, in particular to an aluminum electrolytic cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure. Background Art

[0002] The anode of the aluminum electrolytic cell is one of the important raw materials for the production of electrolytic aluminum. It acts as a conductor to conduct direct current into the electrolyte layer, and at the same time, it participates in the anode reaction of electrolysis as a carbon material. At present, the production of one ton of electrolytic aluminum consumes about 13,000 to 14,000 kWh of electricity. Further reducing the energy consumption of electrolytic aluminum has always been an important research direction in the electrolytic aluminum industry. The energy consumption of electrolytic aluminum is mainly composed of the energy consumption of the anode part, the inter-electrode part, the cathode part and the busbar part. The prebaked anode is known as the "heart" of the electrolytic cell in the production of aluminum electrolysis. The entire anode voltage drop accounts for about 8% to 12% of the cell voltage. Therefore, improving the overall quality level of the anode, especially improving the conductivity of the anode, is the key to reducing the energy consumption per ton of aluminum. In the existing technology, the anode part (also known as the anode group) is mainly composed of three parts: the anode guide rod, the anode steel claw and the carbon block. The anode voltage drop energy consumption is very large. Further enhancing the conductivity of the anode carbon block is an effective way to reduce the energy consumption of aluminum electrolysis.

[0003] The current publication number is: CN115433969A, and the publication date is December 6, 2022. The Chinese utility model invention patent is an anode steel claw for an aluminum electrolytic cell, including a steel beam, a steel claw, and a cross brace. The left and right sides of the top surface of the steel beam are inclined, and the inclined surface is inclined downward away from the center of the cross beam. More than three groups of steel claws are installed on the bottom surface of the steel beam, and the upper part of each group of steel claws is fixedly connected by a cross brace.

[0004] When in use, the top surface of the beam is designed to be an inclined surface or an arc surface, so that the current direction of the beam changes from the original right angle direction to an inclined direction, shortening the current path, making the current distribution more even in the anode steel claw, reducing the voltage drop of the steel claw, improving the current efficiency, and reducing the energy consumption per ton of aluminum.

[0005] According to the above technical solution, when the anode steel claws are in use, since the steel beams, steel claws and cross braces are all made of steel structures with large resistance, there will still be a problem of large voltage drop when the current flows on the steel claws, resulting in large differences in current distribution between multiple steel claws. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the problem in the prior art that the current distribution of the four claws of the anode steel claw is uneven, resulting in large power loss, the present invention provides a current-equalizing conductive structure of the anode steel claws of an aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0007] The utility model provides an aluminum electrolytic cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure, which adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] An anode steel claw current-equalizing conductive structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell comprises an anode guide rod, an anode steel claw and a shunt structure, wherein the anode steel claw comprises claw teeth, a welding portion and a cross beam portion, a welding portion is arranged on one end face of the cross beam portion, one end of the anode guide rod is welded to the middle part of the welding portion, a plurality of claw teeth are arranged on an end face of the cross beam portion away from the anode guide rod, a plurality of claw teeth are evenly distributed along the length direction of the cross beam portion, the shunt structure has two groups, the shunt structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the anode guide rod, one end face of the shunt structure is welded to the end of the anode guide rod close to the cross beam portion, one end face of the shunt structure is welded to the welding portion, and the shunt structure is an aluminum plate.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the current is divided into two parts when it flows through the anode guide rod to the anode steel claw. One part of the current flows directly to the cross beam through the anode guide rod and the welding surface of the cross beam, and then flows to the claw teeth closer to the anode guide rod through the cross beam. The other part of the current first flows from the anode guide rod to the shunt structure, and then flows evenly from the shunt structure to the end surface of the welding part, and then flows evenly from the end surface of the welding part to the cross beam of the anode steel claw, and finally flows evenly from the cross beam to each claw. Since the shunt structure is an aluminum plate, it has good conductivity, and the current will first flow to the aluminum plate and then evenly flow to the anode steel claw, so that the current can be more evenly distributed on each claw of the anode steel claw, thereby reducing the current loss.

[0010] Preferably, the cross section of the aluminum plate is a right-angled trapezoid, the right-angled trapezoid bottom edge of the aluminum plate is welded to the end of the anode guide rod connected to the anode steel claw, and the high side of the aluminum plate is welded to the welding portion.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the current flows through the anode guide rod through the shunt structure to the anode steel claw, it will flow along the oblique direction of the aluminum plate and flow evenly from the high side of the aluminum plate to the anode steel claw. When the current flows through the shunt structure to the anode steel claw, the current can be guided to flow more evenly to the claws away from the anode guide rod, so that the current of each claw on the anode steel claw is more uniform.

[0012] Preferably, when the bottom edge of the aluminum plate is welded to the anode guide rod, the top edge of the aluminum plate corresponds to the claw teeth at both ends of the anode steel claw respectively.

[0013] By adopting this technical solution, the top edge length of the aluminum plate is set to extend to the claws at both ends of the anode steel claw. When the current passes through the aluminum plate, it can flow directly to the claws at both ends along the oblique direction, guiding the current to flow to the claws at both ends, thereby reducing the current difference between the claws on the anode steel claw.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of the aluminum plates are evenly arranged along the thickness direction thereof.

[0015] By adopting this technical solution, the aluminum plates are evenly arranged in the thickness direction to form a shunt structure. During welding, the aluminum plates can be welded to the welding parts of the anode steel claws respectively, which can strengthen the welding strength between the anode guide rod and the anode steel claws, increase the tensile strength and flexibility of the anode steel claws, and at the same time, when the aluminum plates are welded to the pure aluminum layer one by one, the conductive area can be increased, the impedance of the connection parts can be reduced, and the consumption of electric energy can be saved.

[0016] Preferably, the length of the bottom side of the aluminum plate is smaller than the length of the high side of the aluminum plate.

[0017] By adopting this technical solution, the height of the aluminum plate welded on the anode guide rod is smaller than the height of the aluminum plate welded on the welding machine part, so that the height of the shunt structure welded on the anode guide rod will not be too high, avoiding the shunt structure occupying most of the space in the electrolytic cell during installation, affecting the staff's cleaning and maintenance of the internal structure of the electrolytic cell.

[0018] Preferably, the thickness of the diversion structure is equal to the thickness of the anode steel claw cross beam.

[0019] By adopting this technical solution, the thickness of the shunt structure is set to be the same as the thickness of the beam part, the area of ​​the shunt structure and the welding part can be set to the maximum, and when the current flows from the shunt structure to the anode steel claw, it can be conducted on the entire thickness surface of the beam part, so that the contact area between the shunt structure and the welding part can be maximized, the conductive cross-sectional area can be maximized, the resistance of the welding surface can be minimized, the power consumption can be reduced, and at the same time, the welding of the aluminum plate and the welding part can be made more secure, thereby increasing the welding strength.

[0020] Preferably, a welding layer is further provided between the anode guide rod, the aluminum plate and the welding portion, the welding layer comprising an aluminum-based alloy layer and a pure aluminum layer, the aluminum-based alloy layer is welded to the welding portion, the pure aluminum layer is welded on a side of the aluminum-based alloy layer away from the welding portion, and the anode guide rod and the aluminum plate are welded on a side of the pure aluminum layer away from the aluminum-based alloy layer.

[0021] By adopting this technical solution, after a layer of flux is evenly covered on the surface of the welding part, an aluminum-based alloy wire is used to weld an aluminum-based alloy layer on the flux, and then a pure aluminum layer is welded on the aluminum-based alloy layer. When the current flows to the anode steel claw through the anode guide rod and the shunt structure, it will first pass through the pure aluminum layer, and then pass through the aluminum-based alloy layer before flowing to the anode steel claw. With this technical solution, when the current flows from aluminum to steel, it will pass through the aluminum-based alloy layer and the pure aluminum layer, thereby reducing the impedance of the connection, reducing the voltage of the connection part, and saving energy consumption; at the same time, the aluminum plate can be welded to the anode steel claw more firmly.

[0022] Preferably, the pure aluminum layer is thickened at the welding point with the anode guide rod using pure aluminum welding wire.

[0023] Through this technical solution, the portion where the pure aluminum layer and the anode guide rod are connected is thickened with the pure aluminum layer, so that the weld can be more firm and the welding strength of the anode guide rod and the pure aluminum layer can be ensured.

[0024] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] 1. By welding an aluminum shunt structure between the anode guide rod and the anode steel claw, the good conductivity of aluminum can be utilized to guide the current to be more evenly distributed on the claw teeth, thereby reducing the voltage drop and reducing the power loss.

[0026] 2. By directly welding the shunt structure between the anode guide rod and the anode steel claw, the current distribution on the existing anode steel claw and the anode guide rod can be made more uniform without changing the existing anode steel claw and the anode guide rod, thereby reducing the cost of replacing the equipment.

[0027] 3. The shunt structure is set as an aluminum plate with a right-angle trapezoidal cross section. The bottom edge of the aluminum plate is welded to the anode guide rod, and the high side of the aluminum plate is welded to the welding part. When in use, the current will flow evenly from the anode guide rod to the crossbeam of the anode steel claw along the oblique direction of the aluminum plate, guiding the current to flow evenly to each claw of the anode steel claw, reducing the current difference between the claws on the anode steel claw.

[0028] 4. An aluminum-based alloy layer and a pure aluminum layer are provided between the anode guide rod and the anode steel claw for transition, which reduces the impedance of the welding part and reduces the loss of electric energy, while at the same time can enhance the welding strength between the anode guide rod and the anode steel claw. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a front view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is a side view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a top view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation position of the anode guide rod of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the installation position of the diversion structure of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Exploded view of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals: 1 guide rod; 2 anode steel claw; 201 crossbeam portion; 202 welding portion; 203 claw teeth; 3 shunt structure; 4 welding layer; 401 aluminum-based alloy layer; 402 pure aluminum layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following combination Figures 1 to 6 The utility model is described in further detail.

[0037] The utility model discloses a current-balanced conductive structure of anode steel claws of an aluminum electrolytic cell. Figures 1 to 3 The anode steel claw current-equalizing conductive structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell includes an anode guide rod 1, an anode steel claw 2 and a shunt structure 3. The anode steel claw 2 is provided with a crossbeam portion 201 for welding the anode guide rod 1 and the shunt structure 3. The end of the anode guide rod 1 is welded to the crossbeam portion 201. The anode guide rod 1 is also welded with two groups of shunt structures 3 at the end where the anode steel claw 2 is welded. The two groups of shunt structures 3 are symmetrically welded on both sides of the anode guide rod 1. The shunt structure 3 is also welded to the anode steel claw 2 through a welding layer 4.

[0038] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The anode steel claw 2 is made of cast steel, wherein the cross beam 201 of the anode steel claw 2 is a square column structure, a welding portion 202 is provided on one end face of the anode steel claw 2, the middle position of the welding portion 202 is used to weld the anode guide rod 1, and the position where the welding portion 202 welds the two ends of the anode guide rod 1 is used to weld the aluminum plate, and four groups of steel claws 203 are provided on one end face of the anode steel claw 2 away from the welding portion, and the four groups of claw teeth 203 are evenly arranged along the length direction of the cross beam 201. After the current flows into the cross beam 201 from the anode guide rod 1 and the shunt structure 3, it flows to the four groups of claw teeth 203 more evenly through the cross beam 201 of the anode steel claw 2.

[0039] Reference Figures 1 to 4 A welding portion 202 is provided on one side of the cross beam portion 201 close to the anode guide rod 1. The processing method of the welding portion 202 is to cut off a 3 cm thick steel beam from the cross beam portion 201 and present a smooth welding surface after grinding.

[0040] Reference Figures 1 to 4A welding layer 4 is also provided on the welding portion 202, and the welding layer 4 includes an aluminum-based alloy layer 401 and a pure aluminum layer 402. After a layer of flux is evenly applied on the surface of the welding portion 202, the aluminum-based alloy layer 401 is welded to the surface of the welding portion 202, and then the pure aluminum layer 402 is welded on the aluminum-based alloy layer 401. Finally, the anode guide rod 1 and the aluminum plate are welded on the pure aluminum layer 402. When welding the anode guide rod 1 on the pure aluminum layer 402, a pure aluminum welding wire is used to thicken the welding portion between the pure aluminum layer 402 and the anode guide rod 1. By arranging an aluminum-based alloy layer 401 and a pure aluminum layer 402 for transition between the welding portion 202 and the anode guide rod 1 and the aluminum plate, the welding strength can be increased. At the same time, the pure aluminum welding wire is used to thicken the welding portion between the pure aluminum layer 402 and the anode guide rod 1, which can make the weld between the anode guide rod 1 and the pure aluminum layer 402 more solid and increase the conductive cross-sectional area, thereby reducing the resistance voltage drop of the anode steel claw 2 by 35mv, which is equivalent to saving 105 kWh of electricity per ton of aluminum.

[0041] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The anode guide rod 1 is welded in the middle of the pure aluminum layer. The anode guide rod 1 adopts an aluminum square column structure. After the current passes through the anode guide rod 1, it flows through the welding layer 4 and the welding part 202 to the beam part 201.

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 5 The shunt structure 3 is welded on the side of the pure aluminum layer 402 away from the aluminum-based alloy layer 401. The shunt structure 3 includes 10 5mm thick aluminum plates evenly arranged along the thickness direction. The cross-section of the aluminum plate is a right-angled trapezoid. When welding, the bottom side of the right-angled trapezoid of the aluminum plate is placed parallel to the edge of the anode guide rod 1. The aluminum plates are directly welded to the anode guide rod 1 one by one using an aluminum-aluminum welding process. The high side of the right-angled trapezoid of the aluminum plate is placed parallel to the long side of the beam portion 201. The aluminum plates are directly welded to the pure aluminum layer 402 one by one using an aluminum-aluminum welding process. The bottom side of the aluminum plate welded to the anode guide rod 1 is 11 cm long, the high side of the aluminum plate welded to the pure aluminum layer 402 is 34.5 cm long, and the top side of the aluminum plate is 1 cm long. By connecting multiple groups of aluminum plates, the tensile strength and flexibility of the anode steel claw 2 can be enhanced. Strengthening the welding strength between the guide rod and the steel claw can also enhance the heat dissipation of the conductive part, reduce the temperature of the steel beam by about 100°C, and reduce deformation caused by overheating.

[0043] In this embodiment, the process of current flowing from the anode guide rod 1 to the steel claw is divided into two parts: in the first part, the current flows from the anode guide rod 1 directly to the cross beam portion 201 of the anode steel claw 2 through the welding surface of the anode guide rod 1 and the welding portion 202, and the larger current in the first part flows from the cross beam portion 201 to the claw teeth 203 closer to the anode guide rod 1, and the smaller current in the first part flows from the cross beam portion 201 to the claw teeth 203 farther from the anode guide rod 1; in the second part, the current flows evenly from the anode guide rod 1 to the shunt structure 3, and then flows evenly from the shunt structure 3 to the pure aluminum layer 402, the aluminum-based alloy layer 401, the welding portion 202, and the cross beam portion 201 in sequence, and finally flows evenly from the cross beam portion 201 to the four groups of claw teeth 203.

[0044] The specific working principle of this embodiment is as follows: since the shunt structure 3 is made of an aluminum plate with good conductivity, the current will preferentially pass through the shunt structure 3 with good conductivity and then be transmitted to the cross beam portion 201, which can achieve more uniform conduction of the four groups of claws 203 and reduce the problem of large losses caused by uneven current distribution between the claws 203; at the same time, the shunt structure 3 can increase the contact area of ​​the welding portion 202, increase the conductive cross-sectional area, reduce the resistance voltage drop, and save power consumption; using an aluminum-based alloy layer 401 and a pure aluminum layer 402 in sequence between the welding portion 202 and the shunt structure 3 for transition can not only increase the welding strength, but also reduce the impedance of the welding portion 202 and save power.

[0045] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An aluminum electrolytic cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises an anode guide rod (1), an anode steel claw (2) and a shunt structure (3), wherein the anode steel claw (2) comprises claw teeth (203), a welding portion (202) and a cross beam portion (201), wherein one end surface of the cross beam portion (201) is provided with a welding portion (202), one end of the anode guide rod (1) is welded to the middle of the welding portion (202), a plurality of claw teeth (203) are arranged on an end surface of the cross beam portion (201) away from the anode guide rod (1), and the plurality of claw teeth (203) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the cross beam portion (201), the shunt structure (3) has two groups, the shunt structures (3) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the anode guide rod (1), one end surface of the shunt structure (3) is welded to an end of the anode guide rod (1) close to the cross beam portion (201), one end surface of the shunt structure (3) is welded to the welding portion (202), and the shunt structure (3) is an aluminum plate; A welding layer (4) is further provided between the anode guide rod (1), the aluminum plate and the welding portion (202); the welding layer (4) comprises an aluminum-based alloy layer (401) and a pure aluminum layer (402); the aluminum-based alloy layer (401) is welded to the welding portion (202); the pure aluminum layer (402) is welded to a side of the aluminum-based alloy layer (401) away from the welding portion (202); and the anode guide rod (1) and the aluminum plate are welded to a side of the pure aluminum layer (402) away from the aluminum-based alloy layer (401).

2. The aluminum electrolytic cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the aluminum plate is a right-angled trapezoid, the right-angled trapezoid bottom edge of the aluminum plate is welded to the end of the anode guide rod (1) connected to the anode steel claw (2), and the high side of the aluminum plate is welded to the welding portion (202).

3. The aluminum electrolytic cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the bottom edge of the aluminum plate is welded to the anode guide rod (1), the top edge of the aluminum plate corresponds to the claw teeth (203) at both ends of the anode steel claw (2).

4. The aluminum electrolytic cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pure aluminum layer (402) is welded to the anode guide rod (1) using pure aluminum welding wire for thickening.

5. The aluminum electrolytic cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A plurality of aluminum plates are evenly arranged along the thickness direction thereof.

6. The aluminum electrolysis cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The length of the bottom side of the aluminum plate is smaller than the length of the high side of the aluminum plate.

7. The aluminum electrolytic cell anode steel claw current-sharing conductive structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the diversion structure (3) is equal to the thickness of the crossbeam portion (201) of the anode steel claw (2).

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