Multifunctional leaching device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multifunctional leaching device which comprises a water distribution device, a soil containing device and a collecting device which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. A first flow guide assembly is arranged between the water distribution device and the soil containing device, a second flow guide assembly is arranged between the soil containing device and the collecting device, and the flow of the first flow guide assembly and the flow of the second flow guide assembly are adjustable. A plurality of sampling holes are formed in the side wall of the soil containing device from top to bottom in a penetrating manner. The scheme is suitable for the saline-alkali environment, can simulate the salt return phenomenon, allows the leaching rate to be adjusted, can effectively reduce the wall flow phenomenon, has the functions of sampling, observing, simulating soil salt return and the like, and makes full use of test soil resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of leaching devices, and in particular to a multifunctional leaching device. Background Art

[0002] In production practice, the application of organic and inorganic soil conditioners is a simple and effective improvement measure for the treatment of saline-alkali land. Soil conditioners can improve the soil environment by improving soil structure, reducing salt content and improving nutrient utilization efficiency, alleviate salt stress and achieve the purpose of improving soil and treating alkali. Before field application, soil column leaching tests are usually required to evaluate the effect of the conditioner and screen efficient improvement materials based on the nutrient content of the leaching solution.

[0003] Soil column leaching simulation test is one of the important means for soil science and environmental science to study the migration and transformation of soil nutrients and salts. It is often used to study the transfer of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) and total soil salt (sulfate, chloride, carbonate and bicarbonate of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), and to clarify the ability of different soil conditioners to promote the migration of nutrients and salt leaching under the same rainfall. This test plays an important role in the research of soil improvement and alkali control products.

[0004] Currently, most commonly used leached soil columns are of one-piece design, which fail to make corresponding modifications for saline-alkali soils and cannot effectively simulate soil water storage, salt return and other phenomena. Moreover, after the soil column test, the leached soil cannot be efficiently utilized and the leaching rate cannot be flexibly adjusted. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a multifunctional leaching device, which is suitable for saline-alkali environment, can simulate salt return phenomenon and can adjust the leaching rate, can make full use of test soil resources, and is used to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] The technical solution of the utility model provides a multifunctional leaching device, including a water distribution device, a soil storage device and a collection device arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0007] A flow guide component 1 is arranged between the water distribution device and the soil holding device, and a flow guide component 2 is arranged between the soil holding device and the collection device. The flow rates of the flow guide components 1 and 2 are adjustable; and a plurality of sampling holes are arranged through the side wall of the soil holding device from top to bottom.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the guide assembly 1 includes a guide plate 1 and a plastic film covering the guide plate 1, the guide plate 1 is evenly distributed with a plurality of guide holes 1, the plastic film is detachable, and the number of holes punched on the plastic film is not unique.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the guide plate 1 is located in the lower middle part of the water distribution device.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the interior of the soil containing device is a frosted surface.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the soil containing device is provided with an observation surface corresponding to the height of the soil containing device, and the observation surface is symmetrically distributed on the soil containing device, and the observation surface is not frosted.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the guide assembly 2 includes a guide plate 2 located at the bottom of the soil holding device and a guide plate 3 located in the collecting device, and guide holes 2 and 3 are correspondingly arranged on the guide plate 2 and the guide plate 3, and the diameters of the guide holes 2 and 3 are the same.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the contact surfaces of the guide plate 2 and the guide plate 3 are both frosted surfaces.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, scale lines are provided outside the water distribution device and the collection device.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the water distribution device, soil holding device and collection device are all cylindrical structures.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the utility model are:

[0017] This scheme includes a water distribution device, a soil holding device and a collection device, which is suitable for saline-alkali environment, can simulate the salt return phenomenon and allow the leaching rate to be adjusted, can effectively reduce the wall flow phenomenon, and has the functions of sampling, observation, and simulation of soil salt return to make full use of the test soil resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is the disassembly diagram of the structure of the utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a structural disassembly diagram of the utility model from another perspective.

[0021] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1 water distribution device, 2 soil holding device, 21 sampling hole, 22 observation surface, 3 collecting device, 4 guide component one, 41 guide plate one, 42 plastic film, 43 guide hole one, 5 guide component two, 51 guide plate two, 52 guide hole two, 53 guide plate three, 54 guide hole three, 6 scale line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the sake of illustration and convenience of description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific purposes.

[0023] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the technical solution of the utility model provides a multifunctional leaching device, including a water distribution device 1, a soil holding device 2 and a collecting device 3 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The water distribution device 1, the soil holding device 2 and the collecting device 3 are all cylindrical structures. When in use, the bottom of the water distribution device 1 is inserted into the soil holding device 2, and the bottom of the soil holding device 2 is inserted into the collecting device 3. A soil column is placed in the soil holding device 2. The water distribution device 1 is externally connected to a water supply device to leach the soil column in the soil holding device 2. The collecting device 3 is used to collect the water and mud mixture flowing out of the soil column.

[0024] The water distribution device 1 and the collecting device 3 are both provided with scale lines 6 outside so as to observe the filling amount of the water distribution device 1 and the collecting device 3 .

[0025] A flow guide component 4 is provided between the water distribution device 1 and the soil storage device 2, and the flow of the flow guide component 4 is adjustable. The flow guide component 4 includes a flow guide plate 41 and a plastic film 42 covering the flow guide plate 41, and the flow guide plate 41 is evenly distributed with a plurality of flow guide holes 43. The plastic film 42 is detachable, and the number of holes punched on the plastic film 42 is not unique. The flow guide plate 41 is located in the middle and lower part of the water distribution device 1.

[0026] The plastic film 42 is a polyethylene film, which can be punched with a sharp object, and the number of holes is the limiting factor for controlling the rate at which the liquid drips into the soil column. The plastic film 42 is attached to the surface of the guide plate 41, and the film can be punctured at the position corresponding to the guide hole 43 to obtain a number of small holes in the film. Water drips through the holes and drips on the surface of the soil column to simulate natural precipitation. The plastic film 42 can be removed when there is no need to simulate precipitation.

[0027] A flow guide component 2 5 is provided between the soil container 2 and the collection device 3, and the flow of the flow guide component 2 5 is adjustable; a plurality of sampling holes 21 are provided on the side wall of the soil container 2 from top to bottom, and the interior of the soil container 2 is a frosted surface. An observation surface 22 corresponding to the height of the soil container 2 is provided on the soil container 2, and the observation surface 22 is symmetrically distributed on the soil container, and the observation surface is not frosted.

[0028] The sampling holes 21 are used to take samples in different layers after the leaching test. The samples are tested by soil tests to verify the nutrient content of different layers of the soil column after leaching, and to establish the relationship between the loss of leached nutrients and different layers of the soil column. The observation surface 22 is a transparent PVC wall without frosting treatment, which is used to observe the phenomenon of soil column changes with leaching time.

[0029] The principle of slowing down the wall flow phenomenon of the observation surface 22 is as follows:

[0030] The Reynolds number is a dimensionless number that describes the flow state of a fluid. It compares the inertial force and the viscous force of the fluid. For the flow in a circular pipe, the Reynolds number Re is usually defined as:

[0031]

[0032] in:

[0033] ρ is the density of the fluid (for water, usually about 1000 kg / m 3 )

[0034] v is the average velocity of the fluid (unit: m / s)

[0035] D is the diameter of the pipe (unit: m)

[0036] μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (for water, it is about 1.002×10 -3 Pa\cdotps)

[0037] The results of the leaching test before frosting treatment were obtained. Given the pipe diameter D = 0.12m and the flow rate 0.178 (ml / min), it is converted to 2.967×10 -10 m 3 / s. This flow rate is the volume velocity. The calculation of the Reynolds number requires the linear velocity (i.e., the speed at which the fluid passes through the cross section of the pipe). For a circular pipe, the linear velocity v is calculated as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Where Q is the volume flow rate (m 3 / s), D is the pipe diameter (m)

[0040] v is equal to 3.12×10 -7 m / s

[0041] The Reynolds number Re is 0.034, which is much smaller than 2300, so the liquid in the leaching column is laminar flow. After the leaching column is frosted, its flow resistance becomes larger, the flow velocity is reduced, and the Reynolds number is further reduced, and the liquid still flows in laminar flow. The flow velocity of the fluid in the laminar state is the largest at the center of the tube and the smallest near the wall, and the wall flow phenomenon is weakened.

[0042] The second flow guide assembly 5 includes a second flow guide plate 51 located at the bottom of the soil storage device 2 and a third flow guide plate 53 located in the collecting device 3. The second flow guide plate 51 and the third flow guide plate 53 are respectively provided with a second flow guide hole 52 and a third flow guide hole 54. The second flow guide hole 52 and the third flow guide hole 54 have the same diameter. The contact surfaces of the second flow guide plate 51 and the third flow guide plate 53 are both frosted surfaces.

[0043] In the above scheme, the positional relationship between the second guide hole 52 and the third guide hole 54 can be changed by rotation. Vaseline is applied on the contact surface of the second guide plate 51 and the third guide plate 53 to fill the gap in the frosted surface to prevent water leakage and facilitate the rotation of the two devices with the center of the circle as the base point.

[0044] After the contact surface of the guide plate 2 51 and the guide plate 3 53 is coated with vaseline, there are two functions. One is that the circular holes of the two devices are completely misaligned, and the vaseline fills the gap, so that the water in the collection device 3 cannot penetrate down, and the soil flooding state can be simulated according to the experimental needs. The other is that the circular holes of the two devices overlap or partially overlap, and the overlapping part determines the leaching rate, which is adjusted according to the experimental needs.

[0045] During the leaching test, the leaching device is placed in a greenhouse to ensure that there is water in the collecting device 3. The soil filling device 2 is based on the center of the circle so that the second diversion hole 52 and the third diversion hole 54 overlap or partially overlap.

[0046] The above scheme is divided into two situations. One of them is that the leaching solution in the collecting device 3 is not full and does not contact the bottom of the soil column. The leaching solution evaporates naturally, and the water vapor goes up along the soil pores, driving the bottom salt to continuously gather to the soil surface. The salt appears on the surface of the leached soil column. After sampling through the sampling hole 21, the soil salt content is measured to understand the salt return situation.

[0047] The other is that the collecting device 3 is filled with liquid, and the water is transported upward along the soil micro-tubes, driving the salt to move to the soil surface, resulting in salt accumulation on the soil surface. After a period of time, the liquid in the collecting device 3 is separated from the bottom of the soil column, and the water vapor then drives the salt to move to the soil surface. By changing the overlap between the second diversion hole 52 and the third diversion hole 54, the amount of salt returned in the simulated soil salt return test can be controlled.

[0048] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented according to conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A multifunctional leaching device, characterized in that: It includes a water distribution device, a soil storage device and a collection device which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; A flow guide component 1 is arranged between the water distribution device and the soil holding device, and a flow guide component 2 is arranged between the soil holding device and the collecting device. The flow rates of the flow guide components 1 and 2 are adjustable; and a plurality of sampling holes are arranged through the side wall of the soil holding device from top to bottom.

2. A multifunctional leaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide assembly 1 includes a guide plate 1 and a plastic film covering the guide plate 1, the guide plate 1 is evenly distributed with a plurality of guide holes 1, the plastic film is detachable, and the number of holes punched on the plastic film is not unique.

3. A multifunctional leaching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide plate 1 is located at the middle and lower part of the water distribution device.

4. A multifunctional leaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the soil containing device is a frosted surface.

5. The multifunctional leaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil containing device is provided with an observation surface corresponding to the height of the soil containing device, and the observation surface is symmetrically distributed on the soil containing device.

6. A multifunctional leaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second guide assembly includes a second guide plate located at the bottom of the soil holding device and a third guide plate located in the collecting device. The second guide plate and the third guide plate are correspondingly provided with a second guide hole and a third guide hole. The diameters of the second guide hole and the third guide hole are the same.

7. A multifunctional leaching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The contact surfaces of the guide plate 2 and the guide plate 3 are both frosted surfaces.

8. The multifunctional leaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water distribution device and the collection device are both provided with scale lines outside.

9. The multifunctional leaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water distribution device, soil holding device and collection device are all cylindrical structures.

Images