Emphysema treatment instrument

Abstract

The instrument can be used for accurately treating emphysema and is provided with at least one air inlet hole, at least one air outlet hole and at least one main channel. The main channel includes at least one cavity having a first throat and a second throat. The first necking is communicated with the air inlet, and the second necking is communicated with the air outlet. The cavity is provided with a starting face and an ending face which are perpendicular to the airflow direction at the first necking opening and the second necking opening respectively. A first point and a second point are randomly selected on the inner wall, close to the second necking opening, of the cavity, the first point is closer to the second necking opening than the second point, a third point and a fourth point are randomly selected on the inner wall, close to the first necking opening, of the cavity, and the fourth point is closer to the first necking opening than the third point; a ray which vertically penetrates through the end face and extends towards the far end is defined as a normal, the degree of an included angle a between the ray which takes the second point as an end point and passes through the first point and the normal is larger than or equal to 90 degrees and smaller than or equal to 180 degrees, and the degree of an included angle b between the ray which takes the fourth point as an end point and passes through the third point and the normal is smaller than 90 degrees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of interventional medical devices, in particular to a device for treating emphysema. Background Art

[0002] Emphysema is a common disease, especially in the elderly. According to statistics, the 5-year survival rate of patients with end-stage emphysema is less than 50%. Traditional medical treatments for emphysema include oxygen inhalation, prevention of lung infection, bronchial spasm, etc., but the efficacy is extremely limited. The surgical treatment of emphysema is mainly lung volume reduction surgery, which has many limitations, such as strict surgical indications, many complications, anesthesia and anesthesia-related complications, unpredictable preoperative efficacy, inability to make up for the unsatisfactory efficacy caused by excessive or insufficient resection after surgery, high surgical costs and great mental and physical pain. In addition, because some patients have poor lung function and often cannot tolerate surgery, the postoperative mortality rate is high. This limits the application of surgical operations.

[0003] In order to better treat emphysema, improve the quality of life of patients, and reduce trauma to patients during surgery, international research has used interventional methods such as bio-glue, steam thermal ablation, elastic coils, and one-way valves to treat emphysema through bronchoscopy. Bio-glue completely blocks the emphysematous area, resulting in postoperative inflammation that has not been well resolved. Steam thermal ablation destroys the original tissue structure of the emphysematous area, leading to postoperative inflammation. After the elastic coil is released, it cannot effectively control the lung tissue that needs to be squeezed, resulting in inaccurate treatment and easy to cause additional harm to the patient. The one-way valve controls the one-way flow of gas in the bronchus after implantation, so that it can only enter but not exit. However, as the use time increases, a single valve is fatigued for a long time, causing switch failure or switch wear, so that it remains in a normally open state, allowing airflow to enter and exit in both directions, aggravating the condition of emphysema. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the defects of the aforementioned prior art, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide an implantable medical device for treating emphysema which can provide long-term precise treatment, long-term effectiveness and minimal trauma.

[0005] The emphysema treatment device in a technical solution adopted by the utility model has at least one air inlet located at the proximal end and at least one air outlet located at the distal end, and has at least one main channel inside thereof that is connected to both the air inlet and the air outlet. The main channel includes at least one cavity. The cavity has a first constriction and a second constriction, the first constriction is connected to the air inlet, and the second constriction is connected to the air outlet. The cavity has a starting surface perpendicular to the airflow direction at the first constriction, and has an ending surface perpendicular to the airflow direction at the second constriction. A first point and a second point are randomly selected on the inner wall of the cavity near the second constriction, and the first point is closer to the second constriction than the second point; a third point and a fourth point are randomly selected on the inner wall of the cavity near the first constriction, and the fourth point is closer to the first constriction than the third point; a ray perpendicularly passing through the end surface and extending toward the distal end is defined as a normal line; an angle a between the ray with the second point as an endpoint and passing through the first point and the normal line satisfies 90°≤a≤180°; and an angle b between the ray with the fourth point as an endpoint and passing through the third point and the normal line is less than 90°.

[0006] Since the emphysema treatment device has at least one of the above-mentioned cavities, when the gas flows through the interior of the device, the gas flowing toward the first and second contractions can be diverted because the diameters of the first and second contractions are reduced relative to the rest of the cavity, thereby reducing the flow rate and flow velocity of the gas flowing out of the first and second contractions. As a result, less gas can flow into the diseased bronchus during air intake, and the gas in the diseased bronchus can flow out quickly during air exhalation, thereby alleviating the patient's clinical symptoms and achieving a precise treatment effect.

[0007] The device provided by the utility model may have only one main channel or multiple main channels. Each main channel may include multiple cavities, which are connected in series, and the cavity closest to the proximal side is connected to one of the air inlets through its first constriction, and the cavity closest to the distal side is connected to one of the air outlets through its second constriction. When there are multiple main channels, correspondingly, there may also be multiple air inlets and air outlets, and the cavity closest to the proximal side in each main channel is connected to one of the air inlets through its first constriction, and the cavity closest to the distal side is connected to one of the air outlets through its second constriction, that is, multiple main channels work independently of each other. In addition, as an alternative embodiment, some of the multiple main channels can be connected in parallel with one of the air inlets and one of the air outlets, that is, several main channels share one air inlet and one of the air outlets.

[0008] The instrument may include a plurality of air inlet holes and a plurality of air outlet holes, wherein the connecting lines of all the air inlet holes on the proximal end surface of the instrument form at least one circle or at least one matrix, and the connecting lines of all the air outlet holes on the distal end surface of the instrument also form at least one circle or at least one matrix.

[0009] The extension path of each main channel in the device can be parallel to the central axis of the device, or can be a straight line intersecting the central axis of the device. The extension path of each main channel in the device can also be a spiral line extending spirally around the central axis of the device; or the extension path of the main channel in the device is in the shape of a paper clip, which extends between the air inlet and the air outlet in a straight line parallel to the central axis of the device and detours near the air inlet and the air outlet, respectively. Among them, except for the case where the extension path of each main channel in the device is parallel to the central axis of the device, the other design methods of the main channel extension path can increase the length of the main channel when the device size is limited, thereby increasing the number of times the gas is reduced in flow rate and flow velocity in the device, so that less gas enters the diseased bronchus during air intake, and the gas in the diseased bronchus flows out more quickly during air exhaust, further reducing the patient's pain during an exhalation and inhalation cycle.

[0010] In order to further divert and slow down the gas more times when flowing through the inside of the device, the inside of the device may also have at least one diversion channel, the diversion channel includes at least one cavity, one end of the diversion channel is connected to the cavity of the main channel, and the other end is closed or also connected to the cavity of the main channel.

[0011] In order to enhance the diversion effect of the airflow at the second constriction, a first protrusion may be provided at the second constriction, the suspended end of the first protrusion extending toward the proximal end and the endpoint of the suspended end being located within the end surface, so that the airflow will be blocked by the first protrusion and diverted when flowing through the first protrusion.

[0012] In addition, the emphysema treatment device provided in one embodiment of the utility model is also provided with at least one second protrusion, and the suspended end of each of the second protrusions extends toward the proximal end and is located in the cavity, so that the airflow is blocked by the second protrusion before entering the second constriction and is diverted, thereby further reducing the flow rate of the gas entering the second constriction and reducing the flow rate of the gas.

[0013] The shape of the cavity can be various, for example, the cavity can be rotationally symmetrical about the normal circle, and its radial dimension increases from the proximal end to the distal end and then shrinks to form its second constriction; or, the cavity is a truncated cone rotationally symmetrical about the normal circle, and its radial dimension increases from the proximal end to the distal end and then shrinks to form its second constriction, and the angle a is 90°. Or, as an example, the inside of the device can have a plurality of mutually separated third protrusions and a plurality of mutually separated fourth protrusions, each third protrusion is opposite to a fourth protrusion, the suspended ends of all protrusions extend toward the proximal end, and the suspended ends of the fourth protrusions are close to the fixed ends of the third protrusions, and the plurality of third protrusions and the plurality of fourth protrusions cooperate to divide the inner cavity of the device into a plurality of cavities that meet the definition of the aforementioned angle a and angle b. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of various embodiments of the utility model, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the emphysema treatment device provided by the first embodiment of the utility model is schematically shown;

[0016] Figure 2 Schematically shows Figure 1 The trajectory of the main channel of the device shown;

[0017] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a deformed structure of the device shown;

[0018] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 The trajectory of the main channel of the device shown;

[0019] Figure 5 Another trajectory line of the main channel of the emphysema treatment device provided by the utility model is shown;

[0020] Figure 6 Schematically shows another trajectory line of the main channel of the emphysema treatment device provided by the utility model;

[0021] Figure 7 Schematically shows another trajectory line of the main channel of the emphysema treatment device provided by the utility model;

[0022] Figure 8The schematic diagram of the structure of an emphysema treatment device including a shunt provided by an embodiment of the utility model after being cut apart along its axial direction is shown;

[0023] Fig. 9 The schematic diagram of the structure of the emphysema treatment device provided by one embodiment of the utility model, which includes a plurality of shunt channels and is cut along its axial direction;

[0024] Fig.10 The schematic diagram shows the structure of an emphysema treatment device including a shunt channel provided by an embodiment of the utility model after being cut open along its axial direction.

[0025] Fig.11 Schematically shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the main channel of the device after being cut open along the axial direction;

[0026] Fig.12 Schematically shows Fig.11 An enlarged schematic diagram of a first cavity and a second cavity of a main channel of the device;

[0027] Fig.13 Schematic diagram showing the filling Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure of a filling material taken out from the cavity of the device shown;

[0028] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the structure of the filling material taken out after filling the cavity of the device provided by another embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0029] Fig.15 The schematic diagram shows the structure of the filling material taken out after filling the cavity of the device provided by another embodiment of the utility model;

[0030] Figures 16a to 16e Several contour shapes of the cavity of the emphysema treatment device provided by the utility model are schematically shown;

[0031] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of treating emphysema using the emphysema treatment device provided by the utility model is schematically shown;

[0032] Fig.18 A schematic structural diagram schematically shows the outline of a cavity of an emphysema treatment device provided in the second embodiment of the utility model;

[0033] Fig.19 The structure diagram of the emphysema treatment device provided by the third embodiment of the utility model after being cut along the DD line along its axial direction is schematically shown;

[0034] Fig. 20 Schematically shows Fig.19 A schematic structural diagram of the outline of a cavity of the device shown;

[0035] Fig.21 The structure diagram of the emphysema treatment device provided by the fourth embodiment of the utility model after being cut along the FF line along its axial direction is schematically shown;

[0036] Fig. 22 The schematic diagram of the structure of the emphysema treatment device provided in the fifth embodiment of the utility model after being cut along the GG line along its axial direction;

[0037] Fig.23 Schematically shows Fig. 22 A schematic structural diagram of the outline of a cavity of the device shown;

[0038] Fig.24 The structure diagram of the emphysema treatment device provided by the sixth embodiment of the utility model after being cut along the HH line along its axial direction is schematically shown;

[0039] Fig.25 Schematically shows Fig.24 A schematic outline diagram of the two cavities of the device shown;

[0040] Fig.26 The structure diagram of the emphysema treatment device provided by the seventh embodiment of the utility model after being cut apart along its axial direction is schematically shown;

[0041] Fig. 27 Schematically shows Fig.26 A magnified schematic diagram of the F structure;

[0042] Fig.28 Schematically shows Fig.26 A magnified schematic diagram of the G structure in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solutions of various embodiments of the utility model will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model. Moreover, based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0044] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement of various components in a certain specific posture, etc. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will change accordingly.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, such as two, three, etc. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "interconnected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the "interconnected" of the two cavities described in the present invention can be that the two cavities are directly connected, or that the two cavities are connected through a third component with a channel located between the two cavities. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the technical features can be replaced with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist, and therefore is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that "distal end" and "proximal end" are commonly used terms in the field of medical devices, where "distal end" refers to the end away from the operator during surgery, and "proximal end" refers to the end close to the operator during surgery. "Axial" refers to the direction parallel to the line connecting the distal center and the proximal center of the medical device, and "radial" refers to the direction perpendicular to the above-mentioned axial direction. According to the common knowledge understood by ordinary technicians in this field, "cavity" refers to an object that is sealed and isolated from the outside and has a hollow interior.

[0048] The emphysema treatment device provided by the utility model has at least one air inlet located at the proximal end and at least one air outlet located at the distal end, and has at least one main channel communicating with both the air inlet and the air outlet. The main channel includes at least one cavity having a first constriction and a second constriction. The cavity communicates with the air inlet of the device through the first constriction, and communicates with the air outlet of the device through the second constriction. The cavity has a starting surface perpendicular to the airflow direction at the first constriction, and has an ending surface perpendicular to the airflow direction at the second constriction. The shape and structure of the cavity must meet the following conditions: arbitrarily take a first point and a second point on the inner wall of the cavity close to the second constriction, and the first point is closer to the second constriction than the second point, arbitrarily take a third point and a fourth point on the inner wall of the cavity close to the first constriction, and the fourth point is closer to the first constriction than the third point, define a ray that passes vertically through the end surface and extends toward the distal end as a normal, the degree of an angle a between the ray with the second point as the endpoint and passing through the first point and the normal satisfies 90°≤a≤180°, and the degree of an angle b between the ray with the fourth point as the endpoint and passing through the third point and the normal is less than 90°.

[0049] Since the device has a cavity that meets the above design structure, the gas can be diverted inside the device during air intake, so that less gas flows into the diseased trachea through the air outlet, and the gas at the diseased position can quickly flow out from the air outlet through the main channel and out of the air inlet, thereby alleviating the patient's clinical symptoms and achieving better treatment effects.

[0050] The following is only an exemplary description of the emphysema treatment device provided by the present invention. Figure 1 The device 1 for treating emphysema provided in the first embodiment of the utility model is cylindrical, and has a proximal end face 11, a distal end face 12, and a main channel 10, and correspondingly has an air inlet 13 on the proximal end face 11, and an air outlet 14 on the distal end face 12. The two ends of the main channel 10 are respectively connected to the air inlet 13 and the air outlet 14, for gas to be inhaled from the air inlet 13 and exhaled from the air outlet 14, and to provide a flow path for fluids such as sputum to be discharged from the body. The main channel 10 is composed of one or a group of cavities as a repeating unit connected in series multiple times. For the convenience of explanation, each repeating unit in the present embodiment includes a first cavity 102a and a second cavity 102b. It can be understood that in some other embodiments, the repeating unit may include only one cavity.

[0051] It is understandable that the outer diameter and length of the instrument 1 can be adaptively set in actual application scenarios according to the diameter of the diseased trachea, the relative position of the branch trachea near the lesion area and the diseased trachea, and the number of nearby branch tracheas.

[0052] The utility model defines the path of the main channel extending from the air inlet to the air outlet in the device as its trajectory. Figure 2 As shown, the trajectory line 101 is a straight line substantially parallel to the central axis x of the instrument 1. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the first cavity 102a and the second cavity 102b are interconnected and respectively located on both sides of the trajectory line 101. In other embodiments, the device 1 may also be in a frustum-shaped or elliptical shape, preferably a frustum-shaped shape with a radial dimension at the distal end being larger than a radial dimension at the proximal end, so as to better adapt to the anatomical structure of the trachea and facilitate being pushed to the target position during implantation.

[0053] The trajectory line 101 may also be different from Figure 2 For example, in other embodiments, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the trajectory line 101 can be a straight line and intersect the central axis x of the instrument 1; it can also be as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, the trajectory line 101 spirally rotates around the central axis x of the instrument 1 at equal intervals; or as Figure 6 As shown, the trajectory line 101 extends around the central axis x in a disordered manner; or as Figure 7 As shown, the trajectory line 101 is similar to a paper clip, which extends back and forth between the proximal end surface 11 and the distal end surface 12 in a straight line parallel to the central axis x of the instrument 1, and bends near the two end surfaces to form multiple loops. Figure 2 The different designs of the main channel trajectories shown make it possible to set the main channel 10 longer without changing the length of the device 1. The gas flow and flow rate are weakened when the patient inhales, i.e., the gas enters the main channel 10 from the air inlet 13 and flows out from the air outlet 14, and are strengthened when the patient exhales, i.e., the gas flows out of the diseased area from the air outlet 14 and enters the main channel 10 and then flows out from the air inlet 13, thereby achieving better clinical treatment effects.

[0054] The inside of the device 1 may also include at least one branch channel. Each branch channel includes at least one of the aforementioned repeating units. One end of each branch channel may be connected to a cavity in the main channel 10, and the other end may be closed; or the other end may also be connected to a cavity in the main channel 10.

[0055] As an example, see Figure 8 The device 1 provided in one embodiment of the utility model comprises a main channel 10 and a branch channel 18. The branch channel 18 comprises a plurality of cavities having the same structure as the first cavity 102a and the second cavity 102b, and the first and last cavities thereof are respectively connected to the two cavities of the main channel 10. Fig. 9 In another embodiment of the utility model, the device 1 includes a main channel 10 and multiple branch channels 18, each branch channel 18 includes multiple cavities with the same structure as the first cavity 102a and the second cavity 102b, and one cavity near the proximal end is connected to the main channel 10, and the other end is closed. Fig. 9 In the figure, only the extension path of the cavity in the device 1 is used to illustrate the flow channel 18. Fig.10 In another embodiment of the utility model, the two ends of the flow channel 18 are respectively connected with the two cavities of the main channel 10. The setting of the flow channel further prolongs the flow path of the gas in the device 1 and increases the number of cavities included in the device 1, thereby further reducing the flow rate of the gas discharged from the outlet and the flow rate of the gas when discharged from the outlet, and increasing the flow rate of the gas discharged from the inlet and the flow rate of the gas when discharged from the inlet, so that the clinical treatment effect of the device 1 is better.

[0056] The device 1 is made of a material with good biocompatibility and elasticity, for example, it can be one or more of silica gel, silicone, silicone rubber, ePTFE, which can be molded in steps or in one piece, or it can be directly made by mold molding or 3D printing.

[0057] The shapes and structures of the cavities of the main channel and the branch channel of the device provided by the utility model can be various. Fig.11 The cavity shown and Figure 1 The device 1 shown is used as an example. Figure 1 In the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 , a partial enlargement of a repeating unit consisting of the first cavity 102a and the second cavity 102b is shown in FIG. Fig.12 See Fig.12 The first cavity 102a is enclosed by a starting surface A1, an ending surface A2, and a curved surface between the starting surface A1 and the ending surface A2. The starting surface A1 and the ending surface A2 are perpendicular to the direction of the airflow flowing from the proximal end to the distal end in the main channel 10. A ray perpendicularly passing through the ending surface A2 and extending toward the distal end is defined as a normal line.

[0058] The first cavity 102a and the second cavity 102b both have a first constriction 21 and a second constriction 22, the diameters of the first constriction 21 and the second constriction 22 are smaller than the diameters of the rest of the cavity in the direction perpendicular to the normal line, and the first constriction 21 of the first cavity 102a is communicated with the air inlet 13 of the device 1, and the second cavity 102b is communicated with the first cavity 102a at the second constriction 22 of the first cavity 102a, and the first constriction of the second cavity 102b can be integrated with the second constriction 22 of the first cavity 102a, and communicate with the air outlet 14 of the device 1. In a special case, the first constriction 21 can be integrated with the air inlet 13, and the second constriction of the second cavity 102b can be integrated with the air outlet 14. It is understandable that, since the second cavity 102b is connected to the first cavity 102a, the starting surface A1' of the second cavity 102b is the ending surface A2 of the first cavity 102a. In particular, the "recess" in the present utility model refers to the proximal end and the distal end of the cavity, and the calibers thereof are smaller than the calibers of other parts of the cavity in the direction perpendicular to the normal. The first constriction 21 corresponds to the starting surface A1, and the second constriction 22 corresponds to the ending surface A2. The device 1 has a first protrusion 108 extending toward the proximal end at the second constriction, and the end point of the first protrusion 108 is located within the ending surface A2. As a result, when the airflow flows from the proximal end to the distal end to the first protrusion 108, it will be blocked by the first protrusion 108, thereby changing the flow direction and thus diverting and reducing the flow speed.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the first constriction 21 of the first cavity 102a is circular, and the ratio of the maximum aperture area to the minimum aperture area of ​​the first cavity 102a is less than or equal to 8, and greater than or equal to 2. It is understandable that the cross section of the first constriction 21 can be other shapes, and the ratio of the maximum aperture area to the minimum aperture area can be flexibly set according to the actual application scenario, as long as the first cavity 102a can change the flow direction, outflow velocity and flow rate of the gas.

[0060] From the starting surface A1, transition to the end surface A2 along the extending direction of the first cavity 102a, randomly select the first point 1 and the second point 2 on the inner wall of the first cavity 102a close to the end surface A2, wherein the first point 1 is closer to the second constriction 22 of the first cavity 102a than the second point 2, and define the ray with the second point 2 as the endpoint and passing through the first point 1 as the direction 2, and the degree of the angle a between the normal and the direction 2 satisfies the following condition: 90°≤a≤180°.

[0061] From the starting surface A1, transition to the end surface A2 along the extending direction of the first cavity 102a, randomly select the third point 3 and the fourth point 4 on the inner wall of the first cavity 102a close to the starting surface A1. The fourth point 4 is closer to the starting surface A1 than the third point 3. The ray with the fourth point 4 as the endpoint and passing through the third point 3 is the direction 3, and the degree of the angle b between the normal and the direction 3 satisfies the following condition: b<90°.

[0062] To facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the shape of each cavity, Fig.12 The cavity shown is completely filled with material and then the material is removed from the cavity to obtain a Fig.13 See the structure shown. Fig.13 The first cavity 102a and the second cavity 102b have the same shape and volume, and are roughly wedge-shaped, and are arranged 180° symmetrically about the main channel 105. The main channel 105 refers to a flow channel connecting the first cavity 102a and the second cavity 102b and having the same diameter as the diameter of the first constriction 21 and the diameter of the second constriction 22.

[0063] Each cavity can also be Fig.14 The circular shape shown, Fig.15 The angular shape shown, or as shown in 16a to Fig.16e The shapes of the cavities are shown in the order of S-shape, irregular shape, elliptical shape, figure 8 shape or arrow shape with the tip facing the proximal end. The above are only examples of possible shapes of the cavities, and do not list all the shapes of the cavities applicable to the device of the utility model, as long as the surface of each cavity is smooth to ensure smooth airflow. The volumes of the repeating units can be the same or different.

[0064] Now Figure 1 and Fig.12The device 1 shown is taken as an example to illustrate the working principle of the device 1 provided by the utility model. When the airflow flows from the air inlet 13 of the device 1 toward the distal end, after the airflow enters the first cavity 102a and reaches the area where the first point 1 and the second point 2 are located, since the angle a is an obtuse angle, most of the airflow will be rebounded and maintained in the first cavity 102a, and the flow rate and flow rate of the airflow entering the main channel 105 will be greatly weakened, and then the flow rate and flow rate of the airflow entering the second cavity 102b through the main channel 105 will also be greatly weakened accordingly. When the airflow flows from the air outlet of the device 1 to the proximal end, a small part of the airflow enters the first cavity 102a and reaches the area where the third point 3 and the fourth point 4 are located, since the angle b is an acute angle, the flow rate and flow rate of the airflow will basically not be weakened, so that the degree of airflow weakening when the airflow flows from the proximal end to the distal end is greater than the degree of airflow weakening when the airflow flows from the distal end to the proximal end.

[0065] The number of the air inlet 13 and the air outlet 14 of the device 1 corresponds to each other, and can be multiple, that is, the device 1 can include multiple Figure 2 , 5 The trajectory line shown in 7 includes multiple main channels 10 with the same number of air inlet holes 13. When the number of air inlet holes 13 and air outlet holes 14 is multiple, the connecting lines of all air inlet holes 13 or all air outlet holes 14 on their corresponding end faces can form one or more circles, or one or more matrices. Multiple air inlet holes 13 and multiple air outlet holes 14 can also be randomly distributed. The number of cavities can also be set to only one or more as needed. When the device 1 has multiple cavities, it can be placed in the bronchus to ensure that when air is taken in, only a small amount of gas enters the lesion site after the gas is diverted through the cavity multiple times, thereby alleviating the clinical symptoms of patients with emphysema and allowing the exhaled gas and sputum cleared from the airway after treatment to be quickly discharged.

[0066] It is worth mentioning that when the device 1 has multiple main channels 10, all the main channels can be connected in parallel, and after the connection in parallel, only the first and last cavities are respectively connected to one air inlet 13 and one air outlet 14. As an alternative embodiment, the cavity closest to the proximal side of each of the multiple main channels is connected to one of the air inlets through its first constriction, and the cavity closest to the distal side is connected to one of the air outlets through its second constriction; or, some of the multiple main channels are connected in parallel to one of the air inlets and one of the air outlets.

[0067] When the device 1 provided by the utility model is actually used, Fig.17As shown, since there is a diseased emphysematous area in the bronchus, the device 1 can be placed in the target airway through a bronchoscope, and the proximal air inlet 13 is closer to the emphysematous area. In the inhalation cycle, that is, the airflow flows through the cavity from near to far, the flow rate and flow velocity of the gas flowing into the air inlet 13 gradually weaken after passing through each cavity, and the gas is difficult or rarely reaches the emphysematous area. In the exhalation cycle, that is, the airflow flows through the cavity from far to near, the flow rate and flow velocity of the gas entering the air outlet 14 are slightly reduced after passing through each cavity, and it is easy to reach the air inlet 13 from the cavity, that is, the gas is easier to discharge from the emphysematous area. In this way, the device 1 can block the inhaled airflow, but allow the exhaled airflow and the mucus cleared from the treated airway to pass through, thereby solving the phenomenon of chest tightness, chest pain, etc. in the human body in the one-way blocking therapy, alleviating the clinical symptoms of patients with emphysema, and at the same time ensuring that the diseased gas flows out quickly through the gradual pressurization of the airflow during exhalation.

[0068] The following is an example of the cavity structure inside the device 1 with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig.18 The second embodiment of the present invention provides a device having Figure 1 and Fig.12 The device provided in the first embodiment shown has a substantially similar structure, except that, in this embodiment, the device 1 is provided with a second protrusion 1081 whose suspended end extends toward the proximal end and is located in the first cavity 102a in other areas except near the second constriction 109. As a result, when the airflow flows from the proximal end to the second protrusion 1081, it is diverted due to being blocked and guided by the second protrusion 1081. Point 1' and point 2' are randomly selected on the inner wall of the device 1 near the second protrusion 1081 in the manner described in the first embodiment, and the extension direction of the ray passing through point 1' with point 2' as the endpoint is defined as direction 2'. Similarly, the degree of the angle a between the normal and direction 2' satisfies the following condition: 90°≤a'≤180°.

[0069] It is understood that the device 1 may include a plurality of Fig.18 The second protrusion 1081 is shown. With such arrangement, when the airflow flows in the first cavity 102a to the second constriction 109, it will be weakened multiple times due to the presence of the plurality of second protrusions 1081, and the flow rate and flow of the gas entering the second cavity 102b will become smaller and smaller.

[0070] In the apparatus 1 provided in the third embodiment of the present utility model, as Fig.19 and Fig. 20As shown, the device 1 includes a plurality of cavities 102 of the same structure and shape. Each cavity 102 is circumferentially rotationally symmetrical along the normal line, and has a first constriction 107 communicating with the air inlet 13 and a second constriction 109 communicating with the main flow channel 105. The size of the cavity 102 increases from the proximal end to the distal end and then shrinks to form the second constriction 109. The device 1 is provided with a first protrusion 108 extending toward the inside of the cavity 103 on both sides of the second constriction 109 near the second constriction 109. It can be understood that the surface of the first protrusion 108 constitutes a part of the inner wall of the cavity 102. Referring to Fig.19 , take any first point 1 (located on the surface of the first protrusion 108) and any second point 2 on the inner wall of the cavity 102 near the second constriction 109, take any third point 3 and any fourth point 4 on the inner wall of the cavity 102 near the first constriction 107, and define the starting surface, the ending surface, the normal line, the angle a and the angle b in the same way as in the first embodiment. Similarly, Fig. 20 As shown, the degree of angle a satisfies the condition: 90°≤a≤180°, and the degree of angle b is less than 90°. In addition, by taking points 1' and 2' on the horizontal plane of the first protrusion 108, and defining the normal line and angle a' in the same way as in the first embodiment, it can be obtained that the degree of a' is 180°.

[0071] See also Fig.21 The fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a device 1 in which each cavity 102 has only Fig.19 The device shown is a structure of the second half cut along its central axis x. Compared with the latter, this structure is easier to shape and simpler in process.

[0072] See also Fig. 22 and Fig.23 The fifth embodiment of the utility model provides an apparatus 1 including five air inlet holes 13, five air outlet holes 14 and five main channels 10. The cavity 102 is a truncated cone with rotational symmetry about the normal circle. The cross-sectional shape is roughly trapezoidal, and its size increases from the proximal end to the distal end and then shrinks to form its own second constriction 109. The gas flowing in from the air inlet hole 13 is divided through the cavity 102, and then converges at the second constriction 109 and flows into the next cavity near the distal end. Since any first point 1 and second point 2 on the inner wall of the cavity 102 near the second constriction 109 are located in the same plane as the end surface A2, the degree of angle a is 90°, and the degree of angle b is less than 90°. When the airflow flows from near to far, a large part of the airflow hits the area where the first point 1 and the second point 2 are located. Since the angle a is a right angle, most of the airflow is rebounded, and the airflow velocity and flow rate are greatly reduced. Likewise, it can be achieved that when the airflow flows from near to far, the degree of airflow weakening is greater than when the airflow flows from far to near.

[0073] Compared with the cavity structures illustrated in all the previous embodiments, this cavity structure has no overlapping parts in the direction of the central axis of the device 1 due to the first point 1, the second point 2 and the end surface A2 being located in the same plane, so that the two adjacent cavities 102 do not have any overlapping parts, thus eliminating the wall thickness, making the structural dimensions smaller and easier to shape.

[0074] See also Fig.24 and Fig.25 , the inner wall of the instrument 1 provided in the sixth embodiment of the present utility model extends with a plurality of third protrusions 1082 that are separated from each other and arranged in an array and a plurality of fourth protrusions 1083 that are separated from each other and arranged in an array. The inner wall between two adjacent third protrusions 1082 is smooth, and the inner wall between two adjacent fourth protrusions 1083 is also smooth. Each third protrusion 1082 is opposite to a fourth protrusion 1083, and the suspended ends 120 of all protrusions extend toward the proximal end, and the suspended ends of the fourth protrusions 1083 are close to the fixed ends 1084 of the third protrusions 1082. Thus, all the third protrusions 1082 and all the fourth protrusions 1083 cooperate to divide the inner cavity of the instrument 1 into a plurality of cavities 102. It can be understood that in this embodiment, the surfaces of all the protrusions constitute a part of the inner wall of the cavity 102.

[0075] See also Fig.25 , each cavity 102 has a starting surface A1 and an ending surface A2. Take any first point 1 and any second point 2 on the inner wall of the cavity 102 close to the second constriction 109, define the starting surface, the ending surface, the normal, the direction 2 and the direction 3 in the same way as in the first embodiment, then the degree of the angle a satisfies: 90≤a°≤180°. Take any third point 3 and any fourth point 4 on the surface close to the first constriction 107, then the degree of the angle b is less than 90°.

[0076] The fifth point 5, the sixth point 6, the seventh point 7 and the eighth point 8 are randomly selected on the inner wall of the cavity near the end surface A2, and the extension direction of the ray passing through the fifth point 5 with the sixth point 6 as the endpoint is the direction 4, and the extension direction of the ray passing through the seventh point 7 with the eighth point 8 as the endpoint is the direction 5. The angle c between the direction 4 and the normal line satisfies: 90≤a'°≤180°, and the direction 5 is parallel to the normal line.

[0077] See also Figure 26 to Figure 28The cavity of the device 1 provided in the seventh embodiment of the present utility model includes not only the first cavity 102a and the second cavity 102b, but also the third cavity 102c and the fourth cavity 102d. The shape and structure of the first cavity 102a and the second cavity 102b are the same as those of the cavities of the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here. The third cavity 102c and the fourth cavity 104d are both roughly rectangular. The third cavity 102c is directly connected to the air inlet 13, and the fourth cavity 102d is directly connected to the air outlet 14. It can be understood that the calibers of the proximal and distal ends of the third cavity 102c and the fourth cavity 102d are roughly equal, so they do not have the constriction described in this specification. The third cavity 102c and the fourth cavity 102d both serve to provide air flow channels.

[0078] The above is a detailed description of the emphysema treatment device provided by the utility model. It is understandable that the above description does not limit the patent scope of the utility model. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the utility model specification and drawings under the utility model concept, or directly / indirectly used in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A device for treating emphysema, comprising at least one air inlet located at a proximal end and at least one air outlet located at a distal end, characterized in that: The apparatus has at least one main channel connected to both the air inlet and the air outlet; the main channel includes at least one cavity; the cavity has a first constriction and a second constriction, the first constriction is connected to the air inlet, and the second constriction is connected to the air outlet; the cavity has a starting surface perpendicular to the airflow direction at the first constriction, and has an ending surface perpendicular to the airflow direction at the second constriction; a first point and a second point are randomly selected on the inner wall of the cavity near the second constriction, and the first point is closer to the second constriction than the second point, a third point and a fourth point are randomly selected on the inner wall of the cavity near the first constriction, and the fourth point is closer to the first constriction than the third point, a ray perpendicularly passing through the ending surface and extending toward the distal end is defined as a normal line, the angle a between the ray with the second point as the endpoint and passing through the first point and the normal line satisfies 90°≤a≤180°, and the angle b between the ray with the fourth point as the endpoint and passing through the third point and the normal line is less than 90°.

2. The emphysema treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main channel includes a plurality of cavities connected in series; the cavity closest to the proximal end is communicated with an air inlet through its first constriction, and the cavity closest to the distal end is communicated with an air outlet through its second constriction.

3. The emphysema treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The device has a plurality of main channels, a plurality of air inlet holes and a plurality of air outlet holes inside; the cavity closest to the proximal end of each main channel is connected to one of the air inlet holes through its first contraction, and the cavity closest to the distal end is connected to one of the air outlet holes through its second contraction, or some of the plurality of main channels are connected in parallel to one of the air inlet holes and one of the air outlet holes.

4. The emphysema treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extension path of the main channel in the instrument is parallel to the central axis of the instrument, or is a straight line intersecting the central axis of the instrument; or the extension path of the main channel in the instrument is a spiral line extending spirally around the central axis of the instrument; or the extension path of the main channel in the instrument is in the shape of a paper clip, which extends between the air inlet and the air outlet in a straight line parallel to the central axis of the instrument and detours near the air inlet and the air outlet, respectively.

5. The emphysema treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also has at least one branch channel inside, and the branch channel includes at least one cavity. One end of the branch channel is connected to the cavity of the main channel, and the other end is closed or also connected to the cavity of the main channel.

6. The emphysema treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device is provided with a first protrusion at the second constriction, the suspended end of the first protrusion extends toward the proximal end and the endpoint of the suspended end is located within the end surface.

7. The emphysema treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The device also has at least one second protrusion, and the free end of each second protrusion extends toward the proximal end and is located in the cavity.

8. The emphysema treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity is rotationally symmetrical about the normal circle, and its radial dimension increases from the proximal end to the distal end and then shrinks to form its second constriction; or, the cavity is a truncated cone rotationally symmetrical about the normal circle, and its radial dimension increases from the proximal end to the distal end and then shrinks to form its second constriction, and the angle a is 90°.

9. The emphysema treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The instrument comprises a plurality of air inlet holes and a plurality of air outlet holes, wherein the connecting lines of all the air inlet holes on the proximal end surface of the instrument form at least one circle or at least one matrix, and the connecting lines of all the air outlet holes on the distal end surface of the instrument also form at least one circle or at least one matrix.

10. The emphysema treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inside of the instrument has a plurality of third protrusions separated from each other and a plurality of fourth protrusions separated from each other, each third protrusion is opposite to a fourth protrusion, the suspended ends of all the protrusions extend toward the proximal end, and the suspended ends of the fourth protrusions are close to the fixed ends of the third protrusions, and the plurality of third protrusions and the plurality of fourth protrusions cooperate to divide the inner cavity of the instrument into a plurality of cavities.

Images