Anti-loosening gasket and anti-loosening fastener

Abstract

An anti-loosening gasket and an anti-loosening fastener relate to the technical field of fasteners, the anti-loosening gasket comprises a gasket body, two end faces of the gasket body are both provided with a plurality of wedge-shaped teeth, the positions of the wedge-shaped teeth on the two end faces correspond to each other, and the plurality of wedge-shaped teeth are parallel to each other. The wedge-shaped teeth are separated through the center hole of the gasket body so as to be distributed on the two sides of the center hole. By means of the design of the wedge-shaped teeth, when the bolt is fastened, larger friction force is generated between the gasket and the head of the bolt and between the gasket and a workpiece, and therefore looseness caused by vibration or impact is effectively prevented, and connection stability is improved. In addition, the anti-loosening gasket of a single-piece structure is designed, the material use and manufacturing cost is reduced, and compared with a traditional anti-loosening gasket of a double-piece structure, the cost can be remarkably reduced during batch purchase. In addition, the assembly process is simplified through the anti-loosening gasket of a single-piece structure, only one gasket needs to be installed, the assembly time is shortened, the complexity is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fasteners, in particular to a lock - washer and a lock - fastener. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mechanical connection, bolts and nuts are the most common fasteners, used to fix various mechanical components and structures. However, due to reasons such as vibration, impact, and temperature change, these connectors may gradually become loose, resulting in a decline in equipment performance and even failures. To solve this problem, anti - loosening technologies have emerged, and among them, lock - washers are an effective solution.

[0003] The Toplock lock - washer produced in Sweden is a well - known anti - loosening technology product. As Figure 7 shown, this washer consists of two specially designed washers. Radial wedge - shaped teeth are provided on both end faces of each washer. When the two washers are engaged together and installed between the bolt head and the workpiece, these wedge - shaped teeth are interlocked with each other to form a stable structure, thus preventing loosening to a great extent. This design has proven its effectiveness in many industrial applications, especially in fields such as automotive, aerospace, and heavy industry.

[0004] Although the Toplock lock - washer performs excellently in anti - loosening effect, its high cost limits its application in a wider range of fields. Since this washer requires the combination of two washers with complex structures, the cost of each pair of washers is about 5 yuan, which will lead to a significant increase in cost during large - scale production and procurement. In addition, this double - washer structure may increase the complexity of assembly in some applications, thus affecting production efficiency. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] One of the purposes of the utility model is to provide a lock - washer to reduce costs and simplify the assembly process.

[0006] To solve the above - mentioned technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solution: A lock - washer includes a washer body. Multiple wedge - shaped teeth are provided on both end faces of the washer body, and the positions of the wedge - shaped teeth on the two end faces correspond to each other. The multiple wedge - shaped teeth are parallel to each other, and each wedge - shaped tooth is separated by the central hole of the washer body and distributed on both sides of the central hole.

[0007] Preferably, the number of wedge - shaped teeth on each end face of the washer body is three.

[0008] More preferably, both ends of the wedge - shaped tooth extend to the edge of the washer body and are provided with protrusions.

[0009] More preferably, the protrusions are arranged along the inclined direction of the top surface of the wedge - shaped tooth.

[0010] More preferably, one end face of the washer body is an inclined plane.

[0011] More preferably, it is made of GPa steel material with a tensile strength greater than 1000 Mpa.

[0012] In addition, the present utility model also provides an anti-loosening fastener, which includes a bolt and the above-mentioned anti-loosening washer. The anti-loosening washer is installed between the head of the bolt and the workpiece to be fixed to provide an anti-loosening effect.

[0013] Preferably, it further includes a nut. The rod portion of the bolt passes through the workpiece to be fixed and is connected to the nut.

[0014] More preferably, a piece of anti-loosening washer is also installed between the nut and the workpiece to be fixed.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, through the design of the wedge-shaped teeth, when the bolt is tightened, the washer generates a greater frictional force between the bolt head and the workpiece, thereby effectively preventing loosening caused by vibration or impact and improving the stability of the connection. Moreover, the present utility model designs a single-piece anti-loosening washer, which reduces the material usage and manufacturing cost. Compared with the traditional double-piece anti-loosening washer, the cost can be significantly reduced during mass procurement. In addition, the single-piece anti-loosening washer simplifies the assembly process. Only one washer needs to be installed instead of the traditional two, which reduces the assembly time and complexity and improves the production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the anti-loosening washer of the present utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the anti-loosening washer of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the anti-loosening washer of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram when the anti-loosening fastener of the present utility model is installed on the workpiece;

[0020] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the detection equipment for Performance Test II in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram when another fastener in the embodiment of the present invention is installed on the workpiece;

[0022] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the two end faces and the mating state of the existing anti-loosening double-washer structure.

[0023] In the figure:

[0024] 1 - washer body, 2 - wedge-shaped teeth, 3 - protrusion

[0025] 4 - bolt, 5 - workpiece Specific implementation manner

[0026] For the convenience of those skilled in the art, the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The content mentioned in the implementation manner does not limit the present utility model

[0027] It should be noted in advance that in the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through additional features therebetween

[0028] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, a loosening-preventing washer includes a washer body 1. Multiple wedge-shaped teeth 2 are provided on both end faces of the washer body 1, and the positions of the wedge-shaped teeth 2 on the two end faces correspond to each other. The multiple wedge-shaped teeth 2 are parallel to each other, and each wedge-shaped tooth 2 is separated by the central hole of the washer body 1 to be distributed on both sides of the central hole. This design enables the washer to form multiple contact points with the bolt head and the workpiece when the bolt is tightened, increasing the friction force, thereby providing a loosening-preventing effect. Among them, the number of wedge-shaped teeth 2 on each end face of the washer body 1 in this embodiment is three, which is an optimized number that can not only ensure sufficient friction force but also avoid excessive increase in the complexity and manufacturing cost of the washer

[0029] In the above structure, both ends of the wedge-shaped tooth 2 extend to the edge of the washer body 1 and are provided with protrusions 3, and the protrusions 3 are arranged along the inclined direction of the top surface of the wedge-shaped tooth 2. Further enhances the locking effect between the washer and the bolt head and the workpiece, improving the loosening-preventing performance. During processing, stamping can be used to achieve the purpose of high-efficiency mass production

[0030] Furthermore, one end face of the washer body 1 is an inclined plane, and the angle of this inclined plane is very small, only causing a slight inclination of the end face of the washer body 1 (it is not convenient to observe in the attachment Figure 1 due to its smallness, and through Figure 3The enlarged part of the structure can be observed), so that in actual application, it can ensure direct contact with the workpiece contact surface or the bolt head or nut. In this way, when the bolt is tightened, the washer will generate an additional axial force due to the angle of the bevel, thereby increasing the friction between the washer and the contact surface. Any external force trying to loosen the bolt will encounter resistance generated by the bevel, which helps to improve the stability of the connection.

[0031] In addition, the anti-loosening washer of the present embodiment is made of a Gipad steel material with a tensile strength greater than 1500Mpa. This high-strength material ensures the impact resistance and stability of the washer when subjected to high loads. In addition, the washer of this material is subjected to Dacromet surface treatment and can also provide excellent corrosion resistance, so that the washer has higher durability, is suitable for use under various harsh environments and high-load conditions, and is not prone to fatigue damage, which means that the washer can continue to provide an anti-loosening effect in long-term use. More importantly, the hardness and strength of the anti-loosening washer are key factors in achieving the anti-loosening effect, and the Gipad steel material has high hardness, which means that it is not prone to plastic deformation and fracture when subjected to external force. During the tightening process, the wedge-shaped tooth 2 can maintain its shape and angle, thereby effectively forming a tight bite with the bolt head and the workpiece surface. And tensile strength means that the material is not easy to break when subjected to tensile force. This ensures that the washer will not be damaged under the high stress generated when the bolt is tightened, thereby maintaining its structural integrity and anti-loosening function.

[0032] Those skilled in the art should know that due to the design of the wedge-shaped teeth 2, one side of each tooth is higher than the other side, forming an inclined surface. When the bolt is tightened, this inclined surface structure allows the wedge-shaped teeth 2 to be more easily pressed into the bolt head and the workpiece surface to form a bite. The protrusions 3 at both ends of the wedge-shaped teeth 2 further enhance the bite effect after tightening, because the top of the protrusion is a pointed cone peak structure, so it can penetrate into the microscopic unevenness of the bolt head and the workpiece surface, providing additional locking force. In addition, the bolt will have a certain elastic recovery after tightening, which will cause the bolt to have a tendency to loosen. Since the wedge-shaped teeth 2 of the washer have been pressed into the bolt head and the workpiece surface, this loosening tendency will be offset by the bite effect of the wedge-shaped teeth 2, thereby achieving anti-loosening.

[0033] The anti-loosening washer provided by the above-mentioned embodiment can be fixed in cooperation with the bolt 4 during use. Installing it between the head of the bolt 4 and the workpiece to be fixed can provide an anti-loosening effect, which is applicable to some scenarios where nuts are not required. For the connection between some workpieces, in order to further ensure the stability effect, a nut can also be set. The rod part of the bolt 4 passes through the workpiece to be fixed and is connected to the nut. In order to further improve the anti-loosening effect, an anti-loosening washer can also be installed between the nut and the workpiece to be fixed. There are two anti-loosening washers on both sides of the workpiece, which enables the fastening effect of the entire fastener to reach a better level when applied to automobiles, ships, and aerospace equipment.

[0034] Performance test

[0035] I. Use the anti-loosening washer provided in the above-mentioned embodiment as the experimental group, and select the TopLock anti-loosening double washer as the control group.

[0036] Test equipment: A closed-loop controlled fastener transverse vibration testing machine that meets the requirements of GB / T 10431-2008 and ISO 16130-2015.

[0037] Test method: Tighten the fastener to be tested on the test device. The fastener includes a bolt, a nut, and the corresponding anti-loosening washer. The anti-loosening washer is installed between the head of the bolt and the workpiece, and tighten it until a certain clamping force is generated. Then, use the testing machine to generate an alternating transverse displacement between the two clamped metal plates to cause the connection clamping force to decrease. Continuously record the clamping force value during the test. The slower the clamping force decreases, the better the anti-loosening performance; the faster the clamping force decreases, the worse the anti-loosening performance.

[0038] Test conditions: Initial clamping force: 68 kN.

[0039] Test plan 1: Constant vibration force: 12 kN; Frequency: 12.5 Hz; Vibrate 2000 times; Test temperature: Room temperature.

[0040] Test plan 2: Constant amplitude: ±0.8 mm; Frequency: 12.5 Hz; Vibrate 2000 times; Test temperature: Room temperature.

[0041] Carry out 5 parallel tests for each plan. After removing the maximum and minimum values, take the average of the remaining three clamping forces (if the bolt breaks during the test, the test is invalid). The results are as follows.

[0042] In test plan 1, the average value of the final remaining clamping force of the experimental group is 64.27 kN (the clamping force drops by 3.73 kN), and the average value of the final remaining clamping force of the control group is 64.55 kN (the clamping force drops by 3.45 kN).

[0043] In Test Plan 2, the average value of the final remaining clamping force of the experimental group was 65.37 kN (the clamping force decreased by 2.63 kN), and the average value of the final remaining clamping force of the control group was 64.85 kN (the clamping force decreased by 3.15 kN).

[0044] From the above test results, it can be seen that whether it is Test Plan 1 or Test Plan 2, the decrease value of the clamping force of the experimental group is close to that of the control group. Even in Test Plan 2, the decrease amount of the clamping force of the experimental group is less than that of the control group. This shows that the anti-loosening fastener provided by the present utility model example can be almost equivalent to the TopLock anti-loosening double washer in terms of anti-loosening performance. However, due to the significant reduction in the cost of the anti-loosening washer provided by the present utility model, the present utility model will have higher market competitiveness. At the same time, the installation and connection steps of the fastener of the present utility model can be relatively more convenient. The setting of only one washer can have a higher installation efficiency compared to the installation of the TopLock anti-loosening double washer. This also reflects better practicability in terms of improving efficiency to a great extent in the assembly work of many processing and manufacturing industries.

[0045] Second, use the anti-loosening washer provided in the above embodiment as the experimental group, and select the TopLock anti-loosening double washer as the control group.

[0046] Test equipment: Dongcheng Z1C-FF-45 AC electric hammer, impact energy 15 J.

[0047] Test method: Install the fasteners of the experimental group and the control group on two groups of workpieces to be connected respectively to firmly connect the workpieces to be connected. Among them, two anti-loosening washers are set for each fastener. One anti-loosening washer is installed between the contact surface of the bolt head and the workpiece, and another anti-loosening washer is also installed between the contact surface of the nut and the workpiece. Two plate-shaped metal sheets are selected for each group of workpieces to be connected. One of the workpieces is integrally formed with a connecting rod, which is connected to the connecting rod through an AC electric hammer. Then, the workpiece is placed vertically and the AC electric hammer is started to vibrate the workpiece continuously to simulate the vibration suffered in the actual working environment. An impact energy of 15 J is equivalent to a pressure of 300 KG. Check the firmness of the fasteners respectively when vibrating about 600 times and about 1200 times. The results of both groups of workpieces show that the fasteners are still in a very firm connection state and no loosening phenomenon occurs.

[0048] From the results of this test, it can also be seen that whether it is the fasteners of the experimental group or the control group, they can effectively prevent loosening caused by vibration. This shows that the anti-loosening washer of the present utility model has shown anti-loosening performance equivalent to that of the control group in the experiment, which verifies the effectiveness and reliability of its design.

[0049] 3. The fasteners provided in the above embodiments are connected to the workpieces, and an electric pick with an impact force of 65 joules is used, the impact frequency is 1400 times per minute, and the impact time is three minutes. After the impact is completed, a test is performed and the remaining clamping force can reach 85%.

[0050] It can be seen that high hardness (Vickers hardness 535), micro-bevel, and the superposition of convex patterns in the form of Chinese numbers on the micro-bevel can form the basic origin of anti-loosening power. This allows the fastener to cope with severe loosening impacts, and can cope with 65 kN clamping force and 12 kN high-frequency impact force.

[0051] In addition to the fastener structure provided in the above embodiment, additional combinations can be made to achieve a stronger fastening effect. Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, double washers and double nuts can be combined and stacked one by one in an alternating manner. The rod of the bolt 4 passes through the washer body 1, the nut 6, the washer body 1, and the nut 6 in sequence, so that the top nut 6 presses the washer body 1, the nut 6, and the bottom washer body 1 tightly. The application effect is good and an excellent anti-loosening effect can be achieved.

[0052] The anti-loosening washer of the utility model adopts high-hardness GIP steel material and has a unique three-wedge-shaped tooth design, which cooperates with the slope of one of the end faces of the washer, so that it can form an effective bite with the contact surface when the bolt is tightened. The protrusion at the end of the wedge-shaped tooth can further improve the bite ability, thereby achieving an effect similar to the traditional mortise and tenon structure, significantly improving the stability and anti-loosening performance of the connection. In addition, the unique number of wedge-shaped teeth design makes the end face of the washer form an appearance feature similar to the Chinese character "three", so that the anti-loosening washer can also form a certain appearance characteristic effect. Compared with the traditional double-piece structure anti-loosening washer, the single-piece structure design of the utility model significantly reduces the use of materials, thereby reducing costs, and on this basis maintains the same excellent anti-loosening performance. In applications that require high-stability connections, such as automobiles, aerospace and heavy industry, the anti-loosening washer of the utility model can provide higher safety and reduce the risk of accidents caused by loose connections. Since the above-mentioned effect can be achieved with just one washer, it has a huge price advantage over anti-loosening fasteners with double washers, making it possible to break the market dominance of TopLock anti-loosening double washers, thereby providing a lower-priced option for the domestic anti-loosening fastener industry and gaining greater benefits for the domestic manufacturing industry.

[0053] To enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more conveniently understand the improvements of the present utility model over the prior art, some of the drawings and descriptions of the present utility model have been simplified, and the above embodiments are the preferred implementation solutions of the present utility model. In addition, the present utility model can also be implemented in other ways. Any obvious substitution without departing from the concept of the technical solution is within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An anti-loosening washer, characterized in that: The invention comprises a washer body (1), wherein two end surfaces of the washer body (1) are each provided with a plurality of wedge-shaped teeth (2), and the positions of the wedge-shaped teeth (2) on the two end surfaces correspond to each other, the plurality of wedge-shaped teeth (2) are parallel to each other, each wedge-shaped tooth (2) is separated by a central hole of the washer body (1) and distributed on both sides of the central hole, and the two ends of the wedge-shaped teeth (2) respectively extend to the edge of the washer body (1) and are provided with a protrusion (3) with a conical top.

2. The anti-loosening washer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of wedge-shaped teeth (2) on each end surface of the washer body (1) is three.

3. The anti-loosening washer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protrusion (3) is arranged along the inclined direction of the top surface of the wedge-shaped tooth (2).

4. The anti-loosening washer according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the end faces of the gasket body (1) is an inclined surface.

5. The anti-loosening washer according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is made of GPa steel with tensile strength greater than 1500Mpa.

6. An anti-loosening fastener, characterized in that: It comprises a bolt (4) and an anti-loosening washer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the anti-loosening washer is installed between the head of the bolt (4) and a workpiece to be fixed to provide an anti-loosening effect.

7. The anti-loosening fastener according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a nut, and the rod portion of the bolt (4) passes through the workpiece to be fixed and is connected to the nut.

8. The anti-loosening fastener according to claim 7, characterized in that: An anti-loosening washer is also installed between the nut and the workpiece to be fixed.

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