Numerical control hydraulic automatic gear shifting mechanism

Abstract

The utility model discloses a numerical control hydraulic automatic gear shifting mechanism, which relates to the field of numerical control machine tool gearboxes, and comprises a case, a power input shaft arranged in the case, an intermediate shaft connected with the power input shaft through a first constant mesh gear set, and a power output shaft connected with the intermediate shaft through a second constant mesh gear set, the power input shaft comprises a spline shaft, a high-gear shifting gear set mechanism and a middle-gear shifting gear mechanism, wherein the high-gear shifting gear set mechanism is arranged on the spline shaft and controlled by a first O-shaped three-position four-way reversing valve, and the middle-gear shifting gear mechanism is arranged on the spline shaft and controlled by a second O-shaped three-position four-way reversing valve. And the low-gear shifting gear mechanism is arranged on the spline shaft and is controlled by the second O-shaped three-position four-way reversing valve. The first O-shaped three-position four-way reversing valve is used for controlling the movement of the first gear shifting fork so that the numerical control hydraulic automatic gear shifting mechanism can achieve high-gear switching, the second O-shaped three-position four-way reversing valve is used for controlling the movement of the second gear shifting fork so that the numerical control hydraulic automatic gear shifting mechanism can achieve middle-gear switching and low-gear switching and can also achieve neutral gear switching. Therefore, the transmission has four gears, namely a high gear, a middle gear, a low gear and a neutral gear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of the gearbox of a numerical control machine tool, and particularly relates to a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism. Background Technique

[0002] The shifting operation of a numerical control machine tool, as a key link in the field of machining, is directly related to the optimization of machining efficiency and quality. This process precisely regulates the spindle speed and feed rate, and flexibly matches the movement of the cutting tool to adapt to diverse process requirements. However, in some numerical control machine tools, a manual shifting mechanism is still adopted, which requires the operator to manually turn the handle left and right to complete the shifting action by pulling.

[0003] The implementation of manual shifting not only tests the operator's in-depth understanding of the internal transmission system, complex shifting mechanism, and delicate operating handle of the machine tool, but also sets high standards for their professional skills and experience accumulation. The close connection of multiple operating steps and detailed links, such as the precise pulling of the shift lever and the delicate adjustment of the clutch, all require the operator to have consummate skills and rich practical experience. For beginners or operators with skills yet to be improved, this undoubtedly increases the operation difficulty and is prone to mistakes or improper operations.

[0004] In addition, the time-consuming nature of manual shifting is also an undeniable drawback. Whenever a shifting operation is performed, the machine tool must pause operation and wait for the shifting to be completed. This process directly interrupts the continuity of production and restricts the overall machining efficiency. Especially in complex machining tasks that require frequent shifting, manual shifting may become a bottleneck restricting the production speed, thereby affecting the machining efficiency and final quality of the product.

[0005] Therefore, a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism is needed to replace manual shifting to increase the convenience of shifting. Content of the Utility Model

[0006] In order to overcome the problems existing in the background technique, the utility model provides a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism, including: a chassis, a power input shaft arranged inside the chassis, an intermediate shaft connected to the power input shaft by a first constant-mesh gear set, a power output shaft connected to the intermediate shaft by a second constant-mesh gear set, the power input shaft includes: a spline shaft, a high-gear shifting gear set mechanism arranged on the spline shaft and controlled by a first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve, a middle-gear shifting gear mechanism arranged on the spline shaft and controlled by a second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve, and a low-gear shifting gear mechanism arranged on the spline shaft and controlled by the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve.

[0007] Furthermore, the high-gear shift gear set mechanism includes: a high-gear driving gear provided on the spline shaft, a high-gear driven gear provided on the intermediate shaft, a first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve provided on the side wall of the chassis, a first shift fork connected to the first piston rod of the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve, and a first stroke controller provided on the side wall of the chassis to control the stroke of the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve; the first shift fork is connected to the high-gear driving gear.

[0008] Furthermore, the first stroke controller includes: a first sleeve provided on the side wall of the chassis and mounting the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve, a first notch provided on the side wall of the first sleeve, a first DC inductive proximity sensor provided on the side wall of the chassis and aligned with the first notch, a first trigger point located in the first notch on the first piston rod, and the first DC inductive proximity sensor is provided with a first sensing point and a second sensing point.

[0009] Furthermore, the medium-gear shift gear mechanism includes: a medium-gear driving gear provided on the spline shaft, a medium-gear driven gear provided on the intermediate shaft, a second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve provided on the side wall of the chassis, a second shift fork connected to the second piston rod of the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve, and a second stroke controller provided on the side wall of the chassis to control the stroke of the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve; the second shift fork is connected to the medium-gear driving gear.

[0010] Furthermore, the low-gear shift gear mechanism includes: a low-gear driving gear connected to the other side of the second shift fork and provided on the spline shaft, and a low-gear driven gear provided on the intermediate shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the second stroke controller includes: a second sleeve provided on the side wall of the chassis and mounting the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve, a second notch provided on the side wall of the second sleeve, a second DC inductive proximity sensor provided on the side wall of the chassis and aligned with the second notch, a second trigger point located in the second notch on the second piston rod, and the second DC inductive proximity sensor is provided with a third sensing point, a fourth sensing point, and a fifth sensing point.

[0012] Furthermore, a speed measurement shaft is provided in the chassis, a first gear is provided on the speed measurement shaft, a second gear meshing with the first gear is provided on the power output shaft, and a speed sensor connected to the speed measurement shaft; the number of teeth of the first gear and the second gear is equal.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present utility model:

[0014] The utility model adopts a first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve to control the movement of the first shift fork, enabling the numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism to achieve high gear shifting. The second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve controls the movement of the second shift fork, enabling the numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism to achieve medium gear shifting and low gear shifting, and can also achieve neutral gear. Therefore, the utility model has four gears: high gear, medium gear, low gear, and neutral gear. Among them, the control of the O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve is controlled by a DC inductive proximity sensor. The shift command signal is sent from the system to the relay of the O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve. Thus, the O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve starts to work and supplies oil to the oil cylinder, and the piston rod pushes the trigger point towards the induction point of the DC inductive proximity sensor. The signal of the DC inductive proximity sensor is fed back to the control system to accurately control the stroke of gear meshing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism;

[0016] Figure 2 is a first isometric structural diagram of the gear structure of a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism;

[0017] Figure 3 is a second isometric structural diagram of the gear structure of a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism;

[0018] Figure 4 is a front view structural diagram of the gear structure of a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism;

[0019] Figure 5 is a rear view structural diagram of the gear structure of a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism;

[0020] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first stroke controller;

[0021] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second stroke controller;

[0022] In the figure: chassis 1, power input shaft 2, intermediate shaft 3, power output shaft 4, spline shaft 5, fifth gear 6, sixth gear 7, first O-type three-position four-way directional control valve 8, second O-type three-position four-way directional control valve 9, belt pulley 10, third gear 11, fourth gear 12, seventh gear 13, eighth gear 14, high gear driving gear 15, high gear driven gear 16, first piston rod 17, first shift fork 18, first sleeve 19, first notch 20, first DC inductive proximity sensor 21, first trigger point 22, first induction point 23, second induction point 24, medium gear driving gear 25, medium gear driven gear 26, second piston rod 27, second shift fork 28, low gear driving gear 29, low gear driven gear 30, second sleeve 31, second notch 32, second DC inductive proximity sensor 33, second trigger point 34, third induction point 35, fourth induction point 36, fifth induction point 37, speed measurement shaft 38, first gear 39, second gear 40, speed sensor 41. Detailed implementation mode

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the present utility model clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 , the present utility model provides a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism, including: a chassis 1, a power input shaft 2 disposed inside the chassis 1, an intermediate shaft 3 connected to the power input shaft 2 by a first constant mesh gear set, a power output shaft 4 connected to the intermediate shaft 3 by a second constant mesh gear set, the power input shaft 2 includes: a spline shaft 5, a high gear shifting gear set mechanism disposed on the spline shaft 5 and controlled by a first O-type three-position four-way directional control valve 8, a medium gear shifting gear mechanism disposed on the spline shaft 5 and controlled by a second O-type three-position four-way directional control valve 9, and a low gear shifting gear mechanism disposed on the spline shaft 5 and controlled by the second O-type three-position four-way directional control valve 9. An O-type three-position four-way directional control valve is a directional control valve with three working positions and four oil ports. Its working principle is to change the on-off state of the oil circuit by moving the spool, so as to achieve the reversing control of the hydraulic system. The valve is mainly composed of a valve body, a spool, a spring and other components. There are four oil ports on the valve body, namely the oil inlet P, the oil return port T and two working oil ports A and B. The spool moves in the valve body to control the on-off relationship between the oil ports through different positions.

[0025] In this embodiment, a belt pulley 10 is provided at one end of the power input shaft 2 outside the chassis 1, and the belt pulley 10 is connected to the servo motor by a belt drive structure. The power output shaft 4 is connected to the numerical control machine tool.

[0026] In this embodiment, a first constantly meshing gear set is provided: a third gear 11 and a fourth gear 12 fixedly arranged on the intermediate shaft 3, and a fifth gear 6 and a sixth gear 7 fixedly arranged on the spline shaft 5, wherein: the third gear 11 and the fifth gear 6 are meshed and have the same number of teeth, the fourth gear 12 and the sixth gear 7 are meshed and have the same number of teeth, and the fourth gear 12 and the sixth gear 7 are meshed and have the same number of teeth.

[0027] In this embodiment, a second constantly meshing gear set is provided: a seventh gear 13 fixedly disposed on the intermediate shaft 3 , and an eighth gear 14 fixedly disposed on the power output shaft 4 and meshing with the seventh gear 13 .

[0028] The high-speed shift gear set mechanism includes: a high-speed driving gear 15 provided on the spline shaft 5, a high-speed driven gear 16 provided on the intermediate shaft 3, a first O-type three-position four-way reversing valve 8 provided on the side wall of the chassis 1, a first shift fork 18 connected to a first piston rod 17 of the first O-type three-position four-way reversing valve 8, and a first stroke controller provided on the side wall of the chassis 1 to control the stroke of the first O-type three-position four-way reversing valve 8; the first shift fork 18 is connected to the high-speed driving gear 15. The first shift fork 18 includes a connecting rod portion connected to the first piston rod 17, and a shift fork provided on the side of the connecting rod portion to shift the high-speed driving gear 15.

[0029] The first stroke controller includes: a first sleeve 19 provided on the side wall of the chassis 1 and mounting the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 8, a first notch 20 provided on the side wall of the first sleeve 19, a first DC inductive proximity sensor 21 provided on the side wall of the chassis 1 and aligned with the first notch 20, a first trigger point 22 provided on the first piston rod 17 and located within the first notch 20, and the first DC inductive proximity sensor 21 is provided with a first induction point 23 and a second induction point 24. When the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 8 is activated, the first piston rod 17 pushes the first shift fork 18 to push the high-gear driving gear 15. At the same time, the first trigger point 22 also moves within the first notch 20. When the first trigger point 22 coincides with the first induction point 23, the high-gear driving gear 15 meshes with the high-gear driven gear 16, and the shifting mechanism outputs the rotational speed of the servo motor at high speed. When the control system of the CNC machine tool issues an instruction to switch gears, the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 8 pushes the first shift fork 18 forward, and the first trigger point 22 separates from the first induction point 23. When it coincides with the second induction point 24, the first DC inductive proximity sensor 21 sends an electrical signal to the control system. At this time, the high-gear driving gear 15 separates from the high-gear driven gear 16, thereby controlling the stroke of the O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve and the switching of the high gear. When it is necessary to switch to the high gear, the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 8 drives the first shift fork 18 to retract, the first trigger point 22 coincides with the first induction point 23, the first DC inductive proximity sensor 21 sends an electrical signal to the control system, and the control system sends a signal to stop the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 8. Thus, the high-gear driven gear 16 meshes with the high-gear driving gear, and the gear shift is successful.

[0030] The middle-gear shifting gear mechanism includes: a middle-gear driving gear 25 provided on the spline shaft 5, a middle-gear driven gear 26 provided on the intermediate shaft 3, a second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 9 provided on the side wall of the chassis 1, a second shift fork 28 connected to the second piston rod 27 of the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 9, and a second stroke controller provided on the side wall of the chassis 1 to control the stroke of the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 9; the second shift fork 28 is connected to the middle-gear driving gear 25. The low-gear shifting gear mechanism includes: a low-gear driving gear 29 connected to the other side of the second shift fork 28 and provided on the spline shaft 5, and a low-gear driven gear 30 provided on the intermediate shaft 3. The second shift fork 28 has the same structure as the first shift fork 18. The middle-gear driving gear 25 and the low-gear driving gear 29 are connected on the spline shaft 5 and move forward and backward together under the drive of the second shift fork 28. The fork of the second shift fork 28 is located between the middle-gear driving gear 25 and the low-gear driving gear 29.

[0031] The second stroke controller includes: a second sleeve 31 provided on the side wall of the chassis 1 and mounting the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 9, a second notch 32 provided on the side wall of the second sleeve 31, a second DC inductive proximity sensor 33 provided on the side wall of the chassis 1 and aligned with the second notch 32, a second trigger point 34 provided on the second piston rod 27 and located within the second notch 32, and the second DC inductive proximity sensor 33 is provided with a third induction point 35, a fourth induction point 36, and a fifth induction point 37. Similar to the principle of the first stroke controller, the third induction point 35 of the second stroke controller corresponds to the low gear position, the fifth induction point 37 corresponds to the medium gear position, and the fourth induction point 36 corresponds to the neutral position. When the second trigger point 34 is located at the fourth induction point 36, the medium gear driving gear 25 does not mesh with the medium gear driven gear 26, and the low gear driving gear 29 also does not mesh with the low gear driven gear 30. If at this time, the stroke of the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 8 is at the second induction point 24, the entire shifting mechanism is in the neutral position.

[0032] A speed measuring shaft 38 is provided in the chassis 1. A first gear 39 is provided on the speed measuring shaft 38, a second gear 40 meshing with the first gear 39 is provided on the power output shaft 4, and a speed sensor 41 connected to the speed measuring shaft 38; the number of teeth of the first gear 39 and the second gear 40 is equal. The function of the speed measuring shaft 38 is to collect the rotational speed of the power output shaft 4 for feedback to the control system for rotational speed regulation.

[0033] When a numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism of the present utility model is in use:

[0034] The numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism is controlled by the control system of the numerical control machine tool. When the system control issues a neutral position command, the stroke of the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 8 is at the second induction point 24, and the stroke of the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 9 is at the fourth induction point 36; when the control system switches to a low gear command, the stroke of the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 9 moves to the third induction point 35, and the second shifting fork 28 drives the low gear driving gear 29 to mesh with the low gear driving gear 29, so that the shifting mechanism operates in the low gear; when the control system switches to a medium gear command, the stroke of the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 9 moves to the fifth induction point 37, and the second shifting fork 28 drives the medium gear driving gear 25 to mesh with the medium gear driving gear 25, so that the shifting mechanism operates in the medium gear; when the system control issues a high gear command, the stroke of the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 9 returns to the fourth induction point 36, and the stroke of the first O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve 8 reaches the first induction point 23, and the first shifting fork 18 drives the high gear driving gear 15 to mesh with the high gear driving gear 15, so that the shifting mechanism operates in the high gear.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in terms of form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A numerically controlled hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism, characterized in that, Comprising: A chassis (1), a power input shaft (2) disposed inside the chassis (1), an intermediate shaft (3) connected to the power input shaft (2) by a first constantly meshing gear set, a power output shaft (4) connected to the intermediate shaft (3) by a second constantly meshing gear set. The power input shaft (2) includes: a spline shaft (5), a high gear shifting gear set mechanism disposed on the spline shaft (5) and controlled by a first O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (8), a middle gear shifting gear mechanism disposed on the spline shaft (5) and controlled by a second O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (9), and a low gear shifting gear mechanism disposed on the spline shaft (5) and controlled by the second O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (9).

2. The numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high gear shifting gear set mechanism includes: a high gear driving gear (15) disposed on the spline shaft (5), a high gear driven gear (16) disposed on the intermediate shaft (3), a first O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (8) disposed on the side wall of the chassis (1), a first shifting fork (18) connected to the first piston rod (17) of the first O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (8), and a first stroke controller disposed on the side wall of the chassis (1) for controlling the stroke of the first O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (8); the first shifting fork (18) is connected to the high gear driving gear (15).

3. The numerically controlled hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism according to claim 2, wherein, The first stroke controller includes: a first sleeve (19) disposed on the side wall of the chassis (1) and mounting the first O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (8), a first notch (20) disposed on the side wall of the first sleeve (19), a first DC inductive proximity sensor (21) disposed on the side wall of the chassis (1) and aligned with the first notch (20), a first trigger point (22) disposed on the first piston rod (17) and located within the first notch (20), and the first DC inductive proximity sensor (21) is provided with a first induction point (23) and a second induction point (24).

4. A numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The middle gear shifting gear mechanism includes: a middle gear driving gear (25) disposed on the spline shaft (5), a middle gear driven gear (26) disposed on the intermediate shaft (3), a second O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (9) disposed on the side wall of the chassis (1), a second shifting fork (28) connected to the second piston rod (27) of the second O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (9), and a second stroke controller disposed on the side wall of the chassis (1) for controlling the stroke of the second O-type three-position four-way directional control valve (9); the second shifting fork (28) is connected to the middle gear driving gear (25).

5. A numerical control hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The low gear shifting gear mechanism includes: a low gear driving gear (29) disposed on the spline shaft (5) and connected to the other side of the second shifting fork (28), and a low gear driven gear (30) disposed on the intermediate shaft (3).

6. A numerically controlled hydraulic automatic shifting mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second stroke controller includes: a second sleeve (31) provided on the side wall of the chassis (1) and mounting the second O-shaped three-position four-way directional control valve (9), a second notch (32) provided on the side wall of the second sleeve (31), a second DC inductive proximity sensor (33) provided on the side wall of the chassis (1) and aligned with the second notch (32), a second trigger point (34) located in the second notch (32) provided on the second piston rod (27), and the second DC inductive proximity sensor (33) is provided with a third induction point (35), a fourth induction point (36), and a fifth induction point (37).

7. The numerically controlled hydraulic automatic shift mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, A speed measurement shaft (38) is provided in the chassis (1), a first gear (39) is provided on the speed measurement shaft (38), a second gear (40) meshing with the first gear (39) is provided on the power output shaft (4), and a speed sensor (41) connected to the speed measurement shaft (38); the number of teeth of the first gear (39) and the second gear (40) is equal.

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