Direct cooling heat pipe type energy storage heat management system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a direct cooling heat pipe type energy storage heat management system, which relates to the technical field of energy storage heat management and comprises a compressor, an oil separator, a condenser, a condensation fan, a liquid storage device, a drying filter, a refrigerant pump, an electromagnetic valve, an electronic expansion valve, a liquid separator, a cold plate, a heat regenerator, a gas-liquid separator, a one-way valve I, a one-way valve II and an electric heating belt. According to the system, parts such as a complex secondary refrigerant side pipeline, a circulating pump, a plate heat exchanger, a liquid supplementing pump and a liquid supplementing box are removed, a refrigerant directly enters a cold plate on the energy storage battery cluster side, the surface of a battery is directly cooled, only one-time heat exchange is achieved, and the whole refrigeration pipeline is completely sealed, free of leakage risk and free of regular maintenance; due to the fact that refrigerants directly enter the cold plate, the evaporation temperature can be increased, the refrigeration efficiency of the compressor is further improved, when the environment temperature is low, the compressor does not operate, a natural cold source is fully utilized to directly operate in a heat pipe mode, and the battery is cooled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage thermal management, and particularly relates to a thermal management system for direct cooling heat pipe type energy storage. Background Art

[0002] The structure of the existing thermal management system, as shown in the appendix Figure 1 is mainly divided into two modes: mechanical refrigeration and natural cooling. Among them,

[0003] The operation process of the mechanical refrigeration mode is as follows: The refrigerant becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas after passing through the compressor 1 and enters the condenser 3. After heat exchange with the outdoor air through the condenser fan 4, it becomes a high-pressure and medium-temperature liquid refrigerant. After passing through the dryer filter 7, it enters the electronic expansion valve 10 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and enters the plate heat exchanger 18 to exchange heat with the coolant coming out of the battery cluster side cold plate 13 to reduce the coolant temperature. After the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the coolant, it undergoes a phase change and becomes a refrigerant vapor with a certain degree of superheat, which is sucked into the compressor 1 to complete a refrigeration cycle; The circulation pump 19 sucks the coolant in the cold plate 13 into the plate heat exchanger 18 for heat exchange and cooling, and then enters the cold plate 13 through the heater 14 to exchange heat with the battery cluster, completing the single-phase heat exchange cycle on the secondary refrigerant side;

[0004] The operation process of the natural cooling mode is as follows: The circulation pump 19 sucks the coolant in the cold plate 13, passes through the three-way valve 21 and enters the natural cold radiator 17, and exchanges heat with the outside air through the condenser fan 4. The cooled coolant returns to the cold plate 13 through the heater 20 to exchange heat with the battery cluster, completing the single-phase heat exchange cycle on the secondary refrigerant side;

[0005] The liquid filling pump 22, the liquid filling tank 23, and the expansion tank 24 are all components added to ensure that there is enough secondary refrigerant inside the secondary refrigerant side. The automatic exhaust valve 25 is added to discharge the air in the pipeline when filling the secondary refrigerant. The addition of these components cannot ensure the complete sealing of the system, and increases the risk of failure and leakage. There is a risk of secondary refrigerant leakage, and the secondary refrigerant evaporates in the non-fully sealed pipeline, so the secondary refrigerant side needs to be maintained regularly;

[0006] In the above thermal management system, the following problems mainly exist:

[0007] 1. The liquid cooling system needs to go through two heat exchanges (refrigerant-secondary refrigerant, secondary refrigerant-battery cluster), with low heat exchange efficiency and high water pump power consumption, which is not conducive to energy-saving operation;

[0008] 2. Since the secondary refrigerant is for single-phase heat exchange and can only rely on temperature difference for heat exchange, it can only meet the heat exchange performance when the ambient temperature drops very low (usually below 0 °C). The time for using natural cold in winter is relatively short, and the energy-saving rate is low;

[0009] 3. The pipeline on the secondary refrigerant side is complex, with many connecting components, low reliability, incomplete pipeline sealing, high risk of secondary refrigerant leakage, and easy evaporation, requiring regular maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0010] For this reason, the present utility model provides a thermal management system for direct-cooling heat pipe energy storage to solve the above problems in the prior art.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present utility model provides the following technical solution: A thermal management system for direct-cooling heat pipe energy storage, comprising:

[0012] A compressor;

[0013] An oil separator, with its inlet connected to the outlet of the compressor and its oil outlet connected to the inlet of the compressor;

[0014] A condenser, connected to the outlet of the oil separator;

[0015] A condensing fan, used to accelerate the air flow around the condenser;

[0016] A liquid receiver, connected to the outlet of the condenser;

[0017] A dryer filter, connected to the outlet of the liquid receiver;

[0018] A refrigerant pump, used to drive the flow of the refrigerant;

[0019] A solenoid valve, used to control the flow direction of the refrigerant;

[0020] An electronic expansion valve, used for throttling and pressure reduction;

[0021] A distributor, used to evenly distribute the refrigerant to each cold plate;

[0022] Cold plates, used for heat exchange with the battery cluster;

[0023] A regenerator, used to recover heat from the refrigerant in the mechanical refrigeration mode, improve the refrigeration efficiency, and ensure that the refrigerant returning to the compressor is in a gaseous state;

[0024] A gas-liquid separator, used to separate the gaseous and liquid parts of the refrigerant;

[0025] A check valve one and a check valve two, respectively used to control the one-way flow of the refrigerant in specific pipelines;

[0026] An electric heating tape, used to heat the refrigerant in the low-temperature heating mode;

[0027] And pipelines connecting the above-mentioned components.

[0028] Furthermore, the thermal management system can operate in a mechanical refrigeration mode, a heat pipe refrigeration mode, a hybrid refrigeration mode, and a low-temperature heating mode respectively.

[0029] Furthermore, in the mechanical refrigeration mode, the compressor is turned on, the refrigerant pump is turned off, the solenoid valve is turned off, and the refrigerant passes through the compressor, the oil separator, the condenser, the liquid receiver, the dryer filter, the regenerator, the electronic expansion valve, the distributor, the cold plate, the regenerator, and the gas-liquid separator in sequence and then returns to the compressor to complete the mechanical refrigeration cycle. The lubricating oil separated by the oil separator and remaining in the oil separator enters the compressor suction pipe through the oil outlet pipe and returns to the compressor to ensure that there is enough lubricating oil in the compressor during the mechanical refrigeration cycle.

[0030] Furthermore, in the heat pipe refrigeration mode, the compressor is turned off, the solenoid valve is turned on, the refrigerant pump is turned on, and the refrigerant is driven by the refrigerant pump and passes through the liquid receiver, the dryer filter, the refrigerant pump, the solenoid valve, the distributor, the cold plate, the check valve II, and the condenser in sequence and then returns to the liquid receiver to complete the heat pipe refrigeration cycle.

[0031] Furthermore, in the hybrid refrigeration mode, both the compressor and the refrigerant pump are turned on, the solenoid valve is turned off, the compressor operates at the lowest frequency and stops when the set temperature is reached, the refrigerant pump continues to operate, and the compressor operates at a low frequency again when the temperature is higher than the set value. The refrigerant passes through the compressor, the oil separator, the condenser, the liquid receiver, the dryer filter, the refrigerant pump, the electronic expansion valve, the distributor, the cold plate, the regenerator, and the gas-liquid separator in sequence and then returns to the compressor to complete the hybrid refrigeration cycle. The lubricating oil separated by the oil separator and remaining in the oil separator enters the compressor suction pipe through the oil outlet pipe and returns to the compressor to ensure that there is enough lubricating oil in the compressor during the mechanical refrigeration cycle.

[0032] Furthermore, in the low-temperature heating mode, both the compressor and the condenser fan are turned off, the solenoid valve is turned on, both the refrigerant pump and the electric heating tape are turned on. After the electric heating tape heats the refrigerant in the liquid receiver to the set temperature, the refrigerant passes through the dryer filter, the refrigerant pump, the solenoid valve, the distributor, the cold plate, the check valve II, and the condenser in sequence and then returns to the liquid receiver to complete the low-temperature heating cycle.

[0033] Furthermore, this direct-cooling heat pipe type thermal management system for energy storage also includes:

[0034] Sensors and controllers for detecting and controlling the operating states of each component to ensure that the thermal management system can automatically switch to the corresponding operating mode according to needs.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The advantages of this direct-cooling heat pipe type thermal management system for energy storage are:

[0037] 1. When mechanical refrigeration cycle is adopted for refrigeration in summer with relatively high temperature, the refrigerant after refrigeration and temperature reduction directly enters the cold plate to cool the battery, reducing one heat exchange compared with the conventional indirect refrigeration system using a secondary coolant, being more energy-efficient and having higher efficiency;

[0038] 2. When refrigeration is required in winter with relatively low outdoor temperature, the heat pipe refrigeration cycle is adopted to make full use of the natural cold source. At this time, the compressor does not work, and only the cooling fan and the refrigerant pump work. The natural cold source exchanges heat with the refrigerant through phase change, which has higher heat exchange efficiency and is more energy-efficient than water-based or other non-phase change secondary coolants;

[0039] 3. When the hybrid refrigeration mode is adopted in spring and autumn or during the seasonal transition with winter, the compressor operates at a low frequency, the refrigerant pump operates, and the refrigerant after refrigeration and temperature reduction directly enters the cold plate to cool the battery;

[0040] 4. When the temperature is relatively low in winter and the battery is not in a heating state, only the electric heating tape is used to heat the liquid storage tank in order to maintain the activity of the battery. At this time, the refrigerant pump operates in a low-speed cycle, and the heated refrigerant enters the cold plate to exchange heat through phase change to heat the battery. Since the capacity of the heated refrigerant is much less than that of water-based or other non-phase change secondary coolants, it consumes less power and has higher efficiency compared with the traditional electric heating cycle;

[0041] In addition, components such as complex secondary coolant side pipelines, circulation pumps, plate heat exchangers, liquid filling pumps, and liquid filling tanks are removed. The refrigerant directly enters the cold plate on the side of the energy storage battery cluster to directly cool the surface of the battery, with only one heat exchange (refrigerant - battery cluster), and the entire refrigeration pipeline is completely sealed (without automatic exhaust valves and liquid filling tanks), without leakage risk and without the need for regular maintenance. Since the refrigerant directly enters the cold plate, the evaporation temperature can be increased, and the refrigeration efficiency of the compressor is further improved. When the ambient temperature is relatively low (usually below 15 °C), the compressor does not operate, and the heat pipe mode is directly adopted to cool the battery. At the same time, the heat exchange efficiency of the refrigerant in the heat pipe mode is higher than that of single-phase temperature difference heat exchange, which can increase the annual operation duration using the natural cold source and reduce the operation duration of the compressor, with obvious energy-saving effect. Description of the Drawings

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only exemplary, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other implementation drawings can be obtained by extension based on the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0043] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the implementation conditions of the present utility model. Therefore, they do not have substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present utility model can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present utility model.

[0044] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of a thermal management system in the prior art.

[0045] Figure 2 It is a general structural block diagram of a direct-cooling heat pipe type thermal management system for energy storage provided by some embodiments of the present utility model.

[0046] Figure 3 It is a structural block diagram of a direct-cooling heat pipe type thermal management system for energy storage provided by some embodiments of the present utility model in the mechanical refrigeration mode.

[0047] Figure 4 It is a structural block diagram of a direct-cooling heat pipe type thermal management system for energy storage provided by some embodiments of the present utility model in the heat pipe refrigeration mode.

[0048] Figure 5 It is a structural block diagram of a direct-cooling heat pipe type thermal management system for energy storage provided by some embodiments of the present utility model in the hybrid refrigeration mode.

[0049] Figure 6 It is a structural block diagram of a direct-cooling heat pipe type thermal management system for energy storage provided by some embodiments of the present utility model in the low-temperature heating mode.

[0050] In the figure: 1. Compressor; 2. Oil separator; 3. Condenser; 4. Condensing fan; 5. Liquid receiver; 6. Electric heating tape; 7. Dry filter; 8. Refrigerant pump; 9. Check valve 1; 10. Electronic expansion valve; 11. Solenoid valve; 12. Distributor; 13. Cold plate; 14. Regenerator; 15. Gas-liquid separator; 16. Check valve 2; 17. Natural cold radiator; 18. Plate heat exchanger; 19. Circulation pump; 20. Heater; 21. Three-way valve; 22. Make-up pump; 23. Make-up tank; 24. Expansion tank; 25. Exhaust valve. Specific embodiments

[0051] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present utility model. Those skilled in this technology can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0052] As Figures 2 to 6 shown, a heat management system for direct-cooling heat pipe energy storage in the first aspect embodiment of the present utility model mainly operates in four modes during operation, namely mechanical refrigeration mode, heat pipe refrigeration mode, hybrid refrigeration mode, and low-temperature heating mode;

[0053] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3 , the operating equipment of the mechanical refrigeration mode consists of a compressor 1, an oil separator 2, a condenser 3, a condensing fan 4, a liquid receiver 5, a drying filter 7, a refrigerant pump 8, a check valve 9, an electronic expansion valve 10, a distributor 12, a cold plate 13, a regenerator 14, a gas-liquid separator 15, and the pipelines connecting them;

[0054] The operating process of the mechanical refrigeration mode is as follows: In this mode, the refrigerant pump 8 is closed, the solenoid valve 11 is closed, and the compressor 1 is started. The compressor 1 sucks in low-pressure superheated refrigerant vapor, passes through the oil separator 2 (the function of the oil separator 2 is to separate the lubricating oil in the high-pressure steam discharged by the refrigeration compressor 1 to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the device) and enters the condenser 3. Heat exchange is carried out with the outside air through the condensing fan 4. The lubricating oil separated by the oil separator and remaining in the oil separator enters the compressor suction pipe through the oil outlet pipe and returns to the compressor. The refrigerant becomes liquid, passes through the liquid receiver 5 and the drying filter 7, enters the regenerator 14, and exchanges heat with the low-pressure refrigerant coming out of the cold plate 13 on the battery cluster side. The subcooled refrigerant after being cooled by the regenerator 14 passes through the check valve 9, enters the electronic expansion valve 10 for throttling and pressure reduction, and then enters the distributor 12 to be evenly distributed to each cold plate 13 for heat absorption and evaporation. After heat exchange with the battery cluster, it becomes gaseous refrigerant, is heated by the regenerator 14 to become superheated steam, and returns to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separator 15 to complete a mechanical refrigeration cycle;

[0055] Specifically, please refer to Figure 4 , the operating equipment of the heat pipe refrigeration mode consists of a condenser 3, a condensing fan 4, a liquid receiver 5, a drying filter 7, a refrigerant pump 8, a solenoid valve 11, a distributor 12, a cold plate 13, a check valve 16, and the pipelines connecting them;

[0056] The operation process of the heat pipe cooling mode is as follows: In this mode, the compressor 1 is turned off, the solenoid valve 11 is opened, the refrigerant pump 8 is opened. The refrigerant pump 8 sucks in the refrigerant liquid in the liquid receiver 5, passes through the dryer filter 7 and the refrigerant pump 8, enters the solenoid valve 11, and then enters the distributor 12 to be evenly distributed into each cold plate 13 for endothermic evaporation. After heat exchange with the battery cluster, it becomes gaseous refrigerant, enters the condenser 3 through the check valve II 16, and exchanges heat with the outside air through the condenser fan 4. The refrigerant becomes liquid and enters the liquid receiver 5, passes through the dryer filter 7, and is sucked in by the refrigerant pump 8 again to complete a heat pipe cooling cycle;

[0057] For details, please refer to Figure 5 , The operating equipment of the hybrid cooling mode consists of a compressor 1, an oil separator 2, a condenser 3, a condenser fan 4, a liquid receiver 5, a dryer filter 7, a refrigerant pump 8, an electronic expansion valve 10, a distributor 12, cold plates 13, a regenerator 14, a gas-liquid separator 15, and the pipelines connecting them;

[0058] The operation process of the hybrid cooling mode is as follows: In this mode, the compressor 1 and the refrigerant pump 8 are turned on, and the solenoid valve 11 is turned off. At this time, the compressor 1 operates at the lowest frequency. After reaching the set temperature, the compressor 1 stops running, and the refrigerant pump 8 keeps running. When the temperature is higher than the set value, the compressor 1 is turned on again to operate at a low frequency. The compressor 1 sucks in low-pressure superheated refrigerant vapor, passes through the oil separator 2 and enters the condenser 3, exchanges heat with the outside air through the condenser fan 4. The lubricating oil separated by the oil separator and remaining in the oil separator enters the compressor suction pipe through the oil outlet pipe and returns to the compressor. The refrigerant becomes liquid, passes through the liquid receiver 5 and the dryer filter 7, is sucked into the refrigerant pump 8, throttled and depressurized by the electronic expansion valve 10, and then enters the distributor 12 to be evenly distributed into each cold plate 13 for endothermic evaporation. After heat exchange with the battery cluster, it becomes gaseous refrigerant and returns to the compressor through the regenerator 14 and the gas-liquid separator 15 to complete a hybrid cooling cycle;

[0059] For details, please refer to Figure 6 , The operating equipment of the low-temperature heating mode includes: a condenser 3, a liquid receiver 5, an electric heating tape 6, a dryer filter 7, a refrigerant pump 8, a solenoid valve 11, a distributor 12, cold plates 13, a check valve II 16, and the pipelines connecting them;

[0060] The operation process of the low-temperature heating mode is as follows: In this mode, the compressor 1 is turned off, the condensation fan 4 is turned off, the solenoid valve 11 is opened, the refrigerant pump 8 is opened, and the electric heating belt 6 is opened. After the electric heating belt 6 heats the refrigerant in the liquid receiver 5 to the set temperature, it passes through the drying filter 7, is sucked in by the refrigerant pump 8, passes through the solenoid valve 11, enters the distributor 12, and is evenly distributed to each cold plate 13. After heat exchange with the battery cluster, the battery cluster is heated to the required temperature. After the refrigerant with reduced temperature comes out of the cold plate 13, it enters the condenser 3 through the check valve II 16 and then returns to the liquid receiver 5 to complete a low-temperature heating cycle.

[0061] Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, based on the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0062] The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship, without substantial change in technical content, should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat management system for direct-cooling and heat-pipe energy storage, characterized in that, Comprising: A compressor (1); An oil separator (2), the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the compressor (1), and the oil outlet is connected to the inlet of the compressor (1); A condenser (3), connected to the outlet of the oil separator (2); A condensing fan (4), located beside the condenser (3) and used for the air flow around the condenser (3); A liquid receiver (5), connected to the outlet of the condenser (3); A drying filter (7), connected to the outlet of the liquid receiver (5); A refrigerant pump (8), connected to the outlet of the drying filter (7) and used for driving the refrigerant to flow; A solenoid valve (11), connected to the outlet of the refrigerant pump (8) and used for controlling the flow direction of the refrigerant in the heat pipe refrigeration mode; An electronic expansion valve (10), connected to the outlet of the refrigerant pump (8) and used for throttling and depressurizing the refrigerant; A liquid distributor (12), connected to the outlets of the solenoid valve (11) and the electronic expansion valve (10) and used for evenly distributing the refrigerant to each cold plate (13); Cold plates (13), connected to the outlet of the liquid distributor (12) and used for heat exchange with the battery cluster; A regenerator (14), connected to the outlet of the cold plate (13) and used for heat recovery of the refrigerant in the mechanical refrigeration mode, improving the refrigeration efficiency and ensuring that the refrigerant returning to the compressor is in a gaseous state; A gas-liquid separator (15), connected to the outlet of the regenerator (14) and used for separating the gaseous and liquid parts of the refrigerant; A check valve one (9) and a check valve two (16), respectively used for controlling the one-way flow of the refrigerant in the pipelines between the drying filter (7) and the regenerator (14), and between the condenser (3) and the cold plate (13); An electric heating tape (6), installed on the liquid receiver (5) and used for heating the refrigerant in the low-temperature heating mode; And pipelines connecting the above-mentioned components.

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