Perovskite solar cell
By adding a third laser tank to the perovskite solar cell, the problems of direct contact with the electrode and water and oxygen exposure are solved, the stability and life of the battery are improved, and it is suitable for large-scale production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421579396.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-05
AI Technical Summary
Traditional perovskite solar cells cause a decrease in stability when the electrode material is in direct contact with the perovskite, and the perovskite is easily decomposed when exposed to water and oxygen. The existing methods are not suitable for large-scale production.
A third laser groove is added to the perovskite solar cell, so that the second interface layer becomes the protective layer of the perovskite layer, avoiding the direct contact of the perovskite and the electrode layer, and isolating water and oxygen, and is prepared by laser etching.
It improves the life and stability of perovskite module batteries, is suitable for industrial large-scale production, is low in cost and does not affect other functional layers.
Smart Images
Figure CN223157558U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a perovskite solar cell. Background Art
[0002] Traditional perovskite solar cells achieve the segmentation and connection of sub-cells in a series component through three scribing steps. However, this scribing method will cause the direct contact between the electrode material and the perovskite, and at the same time expose the perovskite to water and oxygen, resulting in a decrease in the stability of the perovskite.
[0003] At present, some research uses a method of in-situ reaction between a sulfur source and a perovskite layer by solution method to solve the above problems, but this method is not suitable for the large-scale production of perovskite solar cells.
[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of perovskite solar cell that can avoid the direct contact between the perovskite and the electrode and can isolate water and oxygen. Summary of the Utility Model
[0005] Based on this, in view of the problems that the electrode material of the traditional perovskite solar cell is in direct contact with the perovskite and the perovskite is exposed to water and oxygen, resulting in a decrease in the stability of the perovskite, it is necessary to provide a perovskite solar cell.
[0006] A perovskite solar cell includes a transparent electrode layer, a first interface layer, a perovskite layer, a second interface layer, and an electrode layer that are electrically connected in sequence from bottom to top; the perovskite solar cell further includes a second laser groove and a third laser groove; the second laser groove penetrates the perovskite layer and the first interface layer from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer; the second interface layer extends from the second laser groove to the upper surface of the transparent electrode layer; the third laser groove penetrates the second interface layer, the perovskite layer, and the first interface layer from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer; the electrode layer extends from the third laser groove to the upper surface of the transparent electrode layer.
[0007] In the above perovskite solar cell, by adding a third laser groove, the second interface layer becomes a protective layer for the perovskite layer, which can effectively avoid the direct contact between the perovskite layer and the electrode layer. At the same time, it can also isolate water and oxygen from the perovskite layer to a certain extent, thereby reducing the possibility of perovskite layer decomposition and improving the life and stability of the perovskite component battery. The perovskite solar cell of the present invention only adds a third laser groove in the traditional design. Only one additional laser etching step is required during preparation, which will not cause adverse effects on other functional layers of the perovskite solar cell, does not require additional adjustment of other process parameters, nor does it require additional equipment, and the additional cost is extremely low, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.
[0008] In one embodiment, the second laser groove and the third laser groove are connected.
[0009] In one embodiment, the width of the second laser groove is 25 - 100 μm; the width of the third laser groove is 50 - 100 μm.
[0010] In one embodiment, the width of the second laser groove is 40 - 70 μm.
[0011] In one embodiment, the width of the second laser groove is 45 - 68 μm.
[0012] In one embodiment, the perovskite solar cell includes a substrate, a transparent electrode layer, a first interface layer, a perovskite layer, a second interface layer, and an electrode layer that are electrically connected in sequence from bottom to top; the perovskite solar cell further includes a first laser groove and a fourth laser groove; the first laser groove, the second laser groove, the third laser groove, and the fourth laser groove are arranged in sequence from left to right; the first laser groove penetrates through the transparent electrode layer from top to bottom without damaging the substrate; the first interface layer extends from the first laser groove to the upper surface of the substrate; the fourth laser groove penetrates through the electrode layer, the second interface layer, the perovskite layer, and the first interface layer from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer.
[0013] In one embodiment, the width of the first laser groove is 20 - 30 μm; the width of the fourth laser groove is 23 - 35 μm.
[0014] In one embodiment, the horizontal distance between the first laser groove and the second laser groove is 0 - 10 μm; the horizontal distance between the third laser groove and the fourth laser groove is 0 - 45 μm.
[0015] In one embodiment, the thickness of the substrate is 0.5 - 3.2 mm; the thickness of the transparent electrode layer is 6 - 300 nm; the thickness of the first interface layer is 1 - 100 nm; the thickness of the perovskite layer is 200 - 1200 nm; the thickness of the second interface layer is 20 - 100 nm; the thickness of the electrode layer is 50 - 450 nm.
[0016] In one embodiment, the substrate includes at least one of polished glass and ordinary glass; the transparent electrode layer includes at least one of ITO and FTO; the first interface layer includes at least one of CuI, CuSCN, NiO, polymer, and small molecule compound; the perovskite layer includes at least one of mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetra- perovskite materials; the second interface layer includes at least one of metal oxide, organic small molecule, and composite material; and the electrode layer includes at least one of metal, composite metal, carbon-based material, transparent conductive oxide, and conductive polymer.
[0017] In one embodiment, the parameters for laser etching to form the first laser groove are: power 7 - 15 W, speed 200 - 800 mm / s, frequency 120 - 300 kHz; the parameters for laser etching to form the second laser groove are: power 3.5 - 8.5 W, frequency 15 - 50 KHz, speed 550 - 950 mm / s; the parameters for laser etching to form the third laser groove are: power 3.5 - 8.5 W, frequency 15 - 50 KHz, speed 550 - 950 mm / s; the parameters for laser etching to form the fourth laser groove are: power 0.5 - 3 W, frequency 10 - 70 KHz, speed 250 - 600 mm / s.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0019] In a perovskite solar cell of the present utility model, by adding a third laser groove, direct contact between the perovskite layer and the electrode layer can be effectively avoided, and at the same time, the perovskite layer can be isolated from water and oxygen to a certain extent, thereby reducing the possibility of perovskite layer decomposition and improving the lifespan and stability of the perovskite component battery. In the perovskite solar cell of the present invention, only one additional third laser groove is added to the traditional design. During preparation, only one additional laser etching step is required, which will not cause adverse effects on other functional layers of the perovskite solar cell, does not require additional adjustment of other process parameters, nor does it require additional equipment, and the additional cost is extremely low, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the perovskite solar cell in Example 1;
[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the laser grooves of the perovskite solar cell in Example 1;
[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the perovskite solar cell in Comparative Example 1;
[0023] Figure 4 It is a comparison chart of the device efficiencies of the perovskite solar cells in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1;
[0024] Figure 5 It is a graph showing the test results of the stability of the perovskite solar cell devices in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1;
[0025] Figure 6 It is a graph comparing the efficiencies of the perovskite solar cell devices in Examples 2 to 4.
[0026] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Substrate; 2. Transparent electrode layer; 3. First interface layer; 4. Perovskite layer; 5. Second interface layer; 6. Electrode layer; 7. First laser groove; 8. Second laser groove; 9. Third laser groove; 10. Fourth laser groove. Detailed implementation manners
[0027] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.
[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.
[0029] Example 1
[0030] A perovskite solar cell, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, includes a substrate (1), a transparent electrode layer (2), a first interface layer (3), a perovskite layer (4), a second interface layer (5), and an electrode layer (6) that are electrically connected in sequence from bottom to top; it also includes a first laser groove (7), a second laser groove (8), a third laser groove (9), and a fourth laser groove (10) arranged in sequence from left to right.
[0031] The thickness of the substrate (1) is 0.5 - 3.2 mm; the thickness of the transparent electrode layer (2) is 6 - 300 nm; the thickness of the first interface layer (3) is 1 - 100 nm; the thickness of the perovskite layer (4) is 200 - 1200 nm; the thickness of the second interface layer (5) is 20 - 100 nm; the thickness of the electrode layer (6) is 50 - 450 nm.
[0032] The first laser groove (7) penetrates the transparent electrode layer (2) from top to bottom without damaging the substrate (1); the first interface layer (3) extends from the first laser groove (7) to the upper surface of the substrate (1); the width of the first laser groove (7) is 20 - 30 μm.
[0033] The second laser groove (8) penetrates the perovskite layer (4) and the first interface layer (3) from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer (2); the second interface layer (5) extends from the second laser groove (8) to the upper surface of the transparent electrode layer (2); the width of the second laser groove (8) is 45 - 68 μm. The horizontal distance between the first laser groove (7) and the second laser groove (8) is 0 - 10 μm.
[0034] The third laser groove (9) penetrates the second interface layer (5), the perovskite layer (4), and the first interface layer (3) from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer (2); the electrode layer (6) extends from the third laser groove (9) to the upper surface of the transparent electrode layer (2); the width of the third laser groove (9) is 50 - 100 μm.
[0035] The fourth laser groove (10) penetrates the electrode layer (6), the second interface layer (5), the perovskite layer (4), and the first interface layer (3) from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer (2); the width of the fourth laser groove (10) is 23 - 35 μm. The horizontal distance between the third laser groove (9) and the fourth laser groove (10) is 0 - 45 μm.
[0036] Meanwhile, the second laser groove (8) and the third laser groove (9) are connected.
[0037] The substrate (1) includes at least one of polished glass and ordinary glass; the transparent electrode layer (2) contains at least one of ITO and FTO; the first interface layer (3) contains at least one of CuI, CuSCN, NiO, polymers, and small molecule compounds; the perovskite layer (4) contains at least one of mono - component, binary, ternary, and quaternary perovskite materials; the second interface layer (5) contains at least one of metal oxides, organic small molecules, and composite materials; the electrode layer (6) contains at least one of metals, composite metals, carbon - based materials, transparent conductive oxides, and conductive polymers.
[0038] Example 2
[0039] A perovskite solar cell has a structure that is basically the same as that of Example 1. Specifically: the substrate (1) has a thickness of 2.1 mm, the transparent electrode layer (2) has a thickness of 100 nm, the first interface layer (3) has a thickness of 10 nm, the perovskite layer (4) has a thickness of 800 nm, and the second interface layer (5) has a thickness of 50 nm; the electrode layer (6) has a thickness of 90 nm; the width of the first laser groove (7) is 25 μm, the width of the second laser groove (8) is 60 μm, the width of the third laser groove (9) is 70 μm, and the width of the fourth laser groove (10) is 28 μm; the horizontal distance between the first laser groove (7) and the second laser groove (8) is 8 μm, and the horizontal distance between the third laser groove (9) and the fourth laser groove (10) is 25 μm.
[0040] The substrate (1) is a common glass substrate; the transparent electrode layer (2) is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO); the first interface layer (3) is PTAA (poly「bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine」); the perovskite layer (4) contains a perovskite material with the structural formula FA x MA 1-x PbI3; the second interface layer (5) is C 60 (C60) and SnO2 (tin oxide); the electrode layer (6) is indium tin oxide (ITO) and metal copper.
[0041] Example 3
[0042] A perovskite solar cell has a structure that is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the width of the second laser groove (8) is 45 μm.
[0043] Example 4
[0044] A perovskite solar cell has a structure that is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the width of the second laser groove (8) is 68 μm.
[0045] Example 5
[0046] To prepare the perovskite solar cell of Example 2, the method is as follows:
[0047] 1. Use laser etching to scribe the first laser groove (7) on the transparent electrode layer (2) (with a common glass substrate (1)). The parameters are: power 10 W, speed 600 mm / s, frequency 200 kHz; the first laser groove (7) penetrates the transparent electrode layer (2) without damaging the glass substrate (1), and the width is 25 μm.
[0048] 2. Deposit the first interface layer (3) on the transparent electrode layer (2) by spin coating. The material used is PTAA with a thickness of 10 nm.
[0049] 3. Deposit the perovskite layer (4) on the first interface layer (3) by the slot-die coating method, using materials FA x MA 1- x PbI3, with a film thickness of 800 nm.
[0050] 4. Use laser etching to scribe the second laser groove (8) with parameters: power 6.5 W, speed 600 mm / s, frequency 35 KHz; the second laser groove penetrates the perovskite layer (4) and the first interface layer (3) from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer (2), with a width of 70 μm and a horizontal distance of 8 μm from the first laser groove (7).
[0051] 5. Use vacuum evaporation to sequentially deposit C 60 and SnO2 on the perovskite layer (4). The thickness of C 60 is 0.3 KÅ, and deposit SnO2 (160 cycles) to form the second interface layer (5) with a thickness of 50 nm.
[0052] 6. Use laser etching to scribe the third laser groove (9) with parameters: power 6.5 W, speed 600 mm / s, frequency 35 KHz; the third laser groove (9) penetrates the second interface layer (5), the perovskite layer (4), and the first interface layer (3) from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer (2). The width of the third laser groove (9) is 70 μm, and the scribed area overlaps with the area of the second laser groove (8) with an overlap width of 10 μm, making the width of the second laser groove (8) become 60 μm.
[0053] 7. Use sputtering to sequentially deposit ITO (2 cycles), Cu (4 cycles), and ITO (2 cycles) on the second interface layer (5) to form the electrode layer (6) with a thickness of 90 nm; ITO and Cu in the electrode layer (6) enter the third laser groove.
[0054] 8. Use laser etching to scribe the fourth laser groove (10) with parameters: power 3 W, speed 600 mm / s, frequency 10 KHz; the fourth laser groove (10) penetrates the electrode layer (6), the second interface layer (5), the perovskite layer (4), and the first interface layer (3) from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer (2), with a width of 28 μm and a horizontal distance of 25 μm from the third laser groove (9).
[0055] Comparative Example 1
[0056] A perovskite solar cell, as Figure 3 shown, has a structure basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the second laser groove (8) is not provided.
[0057] Experimental Example
[0058] The perovskite solar cell devices of Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 were tested according to the standards of IEC61215 and IEC61730, and the device efficiency comparison chart and the stability test result chart were obtained.
[0059] The test results are as Figure 4 shown in Table 1. The initial efficiencies of the devices in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 are not much different; as Figure 5 shown, the device in Example 2 is more stable than that in Comparative Example 1 in the 1000h thermal aging experiment; as Figure 6 shown in Table 1, the device efficiencies of Examples 2 to 4 are relatively consistent.
[0060]
[0061] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.
[0062] The above-described embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims
1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, It includes a substrate, a transparent electrode layer, a first interface layer, a perovskite layer, a second interface layer, and an electrode layer that are electrically connected in sequence from bottom to top; The perovskite solar cell further includes a first laser groove, a second laser groove, a third laser groove, and a fourth laser groove; The first laser groove, the second laser groove, the third laser groove, and the fourth laser groove are arranged in sequence from left to right; The first laser groove penetrates the transparent electrode layer from top to bottom without damaging the substrate; the first interface layer extends from the first laser groove to the upper surface of the substrate; The second laser groove penetrates the perovskite layer and the first interface layer from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer; the second interface layer extends from the second laser groove to the upper surface of the transparent electrode layer; The third laser groove penetrates the second interface layer, the perovskite layer, and the first interface layer from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer; the electrode layer extends from the third laser groove to the upper surface of the transparent electrode layer; The fourth laser groove penetrates the electrode layer, the second interface layer, the perovskite layer, and the first interface layer from top to bottom without damaging the transparent electrode layer.
2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second laser groove and the third laser groove are connected.
3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The width of the second laser groove is 25 - 100 μm; the width of the third laser groove is 50 - 100 μm.
4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, The width of the second laser groove is 40 - 70 μm.
5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, wherein The width of the second laser groove is 45 - 68 μm.
6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the first laser groove is 20 - 30 μm; the width of the fourth laser groove is 23 - 35 μm.
7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein, The horizontal distance between the first laser groove and the second laser groove is 0 - 10 μm; the horizontal distance between the third laser groove and the fourth laser groove is 0 - 45 μm.
8. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the substrate is 0.5 - 3.2 mm; the thickness of the transparent electrode layer is 6 - 300 nm; the thickness of the first interface layer is 1 - 100 nm; the thickness of the perovskite layer is 200 - 1200 nm; the thickness of the second interface layer is 20 - 100 nm; the thickness of the electrode layer is 50 - 450 nm.