Battery thermal runaway test tool

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery thermal runaway test tool. The battery thermal runaway test tool comprises a battery to be tested, a heating device, a temperature sensor and a thermal runaway detection unit, wherein the to-be-tested battery is provided with a contact surface opposite to other batteries, the heating device is pre-pressed on the contact surface of the to-be-tested battery and is configured to heat the to-be-tested battery, and the temperature sensor is configured to obtain the temperature of the to-be-tested battery. The thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain the temperature of the to-be-tested battery according to the temperature sensor and obtain thermal runaway parameters of the to-be-tested battery. Compared with the prior art, the battery thermal runaway test tool disclosed by the utility model can be closer to the real condition of the battery to be tested in the working state, the obtained data is more accurate, and better guidance can be provided for the safety design of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of power batteries, and particularly to a battery thermal runaway test tooling. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries have advantages such as high energy density, high power density, and low self-discharge rate. As an ideal energy storage device, they are widely used in various power tools, electric vehicles, and various portable devices. However, during the use of lithium-ion batteries, when the battery encounters situations such as heating, overcharging, internal short circuit, mechanical collision, etc., it will cause a thermal decomposition chain reaction of the internal chemical materials of the battery, and then thermal runaway occurs.

[0003] As the temperature of the lithium-ion battery increases, the internal materials of the battery decompose, and further internal short circuit occurs, and even spreads to other batteries, causing large-scale thermal runaway, making the entire battery pack catch fire, which may trigger a fire and cause an explosion in extreme cases, posing serious hazards to personnel, property, and the environment.

[0004] In the prior art, devices such as heating chambers are mostly used to simulate the situation of battery thermal runaway. However, such devices cannot reflect the real situation of the batteries installed in the battery module or battery pack, and the obtained data has low credibility and is not convenient for application. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery thermal runaway test tooling.

[0006] According to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure, a battery thermal runaway test tooling is provided, including:

[0007] A battery to be tested, wherein the battery to be tested is provided with a contact surface for facing other batteries;

[0008] A heating device, which is pre-pressed on the contact surface of the battery to be tested and is configured to heat the battery to be tested;

[0009] A temperature sensor, which is configured to obtain the temperature of the battery to be tested;

[0010] A thermal runaway detection unit, which is configured to obtain the thermal runaway parameters of the battery to be tested according to the temperature of the battery to be tested obtained by the temperature sensor.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the heating device is configured to completely cover the contact surface of the battery to be tested.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the heating device is configured to gradually increase the heating temperature;

[0013] The thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain whether the battery under test enters a thermal runaway state; when the battery under test enters a thermal runaway state, obtain the detected temperature of the temperature sensor as the thermal runaway trigger temperature of the battery under test.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the heating device is configured to linearly increase the heating temperature according to time variation, or increase the heating temperature stepwise according to time variation.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the heating device is configured to maintain a constant heating power;

[0016] The thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain whether the battery under test enters a thermal runaway state; when the battery under test enters a thermal runaway state, obtain the working duration of the heating device as the thermal runaway trigger duration of the battery under test.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a buffer heat insulating material to be tested is provided between the contact surface of the heating device and the battery under test.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the battery under test is a square shell cell or a soft package cell, and the temperature sensor is disposed on the contact surface of the battery under test.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate are further included, and the battery under test and the heating device are configured to be pre-pressed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate through a fastening device.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fastening device is configured to adjust the pre-tightening force between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate to adjust the pressure borne by the contact surface of the battery under test to a preset pressure.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fastening device includes at least two fastening screw mechanisms, each of the fastening screw mechanisms is disposed at corresponding edge positions of the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate corresponding to the battery under test, and includes a fastening bolt and a nut that are screwed together, and the fastening screw mechanism is configured to adjust the position of the nut on the fastening bolt to adjust the pre-tightening force between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate.

[0022] The present disclosure provides a battery thermal runaway test tooling, which includes a battery to be tested, a heating device, a temperature sensor, and a thermal runaway detection unit. Among them, the battery to be tested is provided with a contact surface for facing other batteries. The heating device is pre-pressed on the contact surface of the battery to be tested and is configured to heat the battery to be tested. The temperature sensor is configured to obtain the temperature of the battery to be tested, and the thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain the thermal runaway parameters of the battery to be tested according to the temperature of the battery to be tested obtained by the temperature sensor.

[0023] During the process of testing the battery to be tested by the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure, the heating device pre-pressed on the contact surface of the battery to be tested can heat the battery to be tested to simulate the influence of abnormal high-temperature situations such as thermal runaway and fire of another battery adjacent to the battery to be tested on the battery to be tested. The temperature sensor can obtain the temperature of the battery to be tested during the test, and the thermal runaway detection unit determines whether the battery to be tested enters the thermal runaway state and obtains the thermal runaway parameters of the battery to be tested. Compared with the prior art, the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure can be closer to the real situation of the battery to be tested in the working state, and the obtained data is more accurate, which can provide better guidance for the safety design of the battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery thermal runaway test tooling provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 2 is a side schematic diagram of the battery thermal runaway test tooling provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery thermal runaway test tooling provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figures 1 to 3 The one-to-one correspondence between the names of the components and the reference numerals in is as follows:

[0028] 10. Battery to be tested; 11. Contact surface; 20. Heating device; 30. Battery pole; 41. First clamping plate; 42. Second clamping plate; 50. Fastening screw mechanism; 51. Fastening bolt; 52. Nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0029] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure. In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0030] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below. Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the said technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the specification. The terms used in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] The battery involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure mainly refers to a rechargeable battery. It should be noted that any other suitable rechargeable battery is equally applicable. The battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present disclosure refers to a single physical module that includes one or more battery cells and provides a higher voltage and capacity. For example, the battery mentioned here can include battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs, etc. A battery cell includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte, and a separator, and is the basic unit that makes up battery modules and battery packs.

[0032] In the actual working process of a battery pack containing multiple batteries, usually, after a single battery undergoes thermal runaway, it affects the adjacent batteries, resulting in the spread of thermal runaway, and then triggering the thermal runaway of the entire battery pack.

[0033] To conduct a thermal runaway test on a battery, the present disclosure provides a battery thermal runaway test tooling. The battery thermal runaway test tooling includes a battery to be tested, a heating device, a temperature sensor, and a thermal runaway detection unit. Among them, the battery to be tested is provided with a contact surface for facing other batteries. The heating device is pre-pressed on the contact surface of the battery to be tested and is configured to heat the battery to be tested. The temperature sensor is configured to obtain the temperature of the battery to be tested, and the thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain the thermal runaway parameters of the battery to be tested based on the temperature of the battery to be tested obtained by the temperature sensor.

[0034] During the process of the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure testing the battery to be tested, the heating device pre-pressed on the contact surface of the battery to be tested can heat the battery to be tested to simulate the influence of abnormal high-temperature situations such as thermal runaway and fire of another battery adjacent to the battery to be tested on the battery to be tested. The temperature sensor can obtain the temperature of the battery to be tested during the test, and the thermal runaway detection unit can determine whether the battery to be tested enters the thermal runaway state and obtain the thermal runaway parameters of the battery to be tested. Compared with the prior art, the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure can be closer to the real situation of the battery to be tested in the working state, and the obtained data is more accurate, which can provide better guidance for the safety design of the battery.

[0035] For ease of understanding, refer to Figures 1 to 3 The specific structure and working principle of the battery thermal runaway test fixture disclosed in the present invention are explained in detail with reference to an embodiment.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present disclosure provides a battery thermal runaway test jig, which is used to perform thermal runaway tests on batteries. The battery thermal runaway test jig disclosed in the present disclosure includes a battery to be tested 10, a heating device 20, a temperature sensor and a thermal runaway detection unit. Among them, the battery to be tested 10 is provided with a contact surface 11 for being opposite to other batteries. After the battery to be tested 10 is installed in the battery pack, the contact surface 11 will be opposite to other batteries. It can be understood that during the battery thermal runaway process, the battery to be tested 10 can be electrically connected to the outside world through the battery pole 30 to maintain a normal charge / discharge working state, or the battery to be tested 10 may not be connected to electricity. The specific test conditions can be adjusted as needed and are not limited here.

[0037] Because batteries can experience abnormally high temperatures, such as thermal runaway and fire, after thermal runaway occurs, the battery thermal runaway test fixture disclosed herein is equipped with a heating device 20. The heating device 20 is pre-pressed against the contact surface 11 of the battery under test 10 and is configured to heat the battery under test 10. The heating device 20 is used to simulate an adjacent battery under thermal runaway.

[0038] In order to test the battery 10 to be tested, the battery thermal runaway test fixture disclosed herein is provided with a temperature sensor and a thermal runaway detection unit. The temperature sensor is configured to obtain the temperature of the battery 10 to be tested, and the thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain the temperature of the battery 10 to be tested based on the temperature sensor and obtain thermal runaway parameters of the battery 10 to be tested. During the process of testing the battery 10 to be tested by the battery thermal runaway test fixture disclosed herein, the heating device 20 pre-pressed on the contact surface 11 of the battery 10 to be tested can heat the battery 10 to simulate the impact of abnormally high temperature conditions such as thermal runaway or fire in another battery adjacent to the battery 10 on the battery 10 to be tested. The temperature sensor can obtain the temperature of the battery 10 to be tested during the test, and the thermal runaway detection unit can determine whether the battery 10 to be tested has entered a thermal runaway state and obtain the thermal runaway parameters of the battery 10 to be tested.

[0039] It is understandable that according to the "Safety Requirements for Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles" (GB38031-2020), an additional temperature sensor or voltage measuring device can be set on the battery to be tested 10 to determine whether the battery to be tested 10 has entered a thermal runaway state.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure can be closer to the real situation of the battery under test during operation, and the obtained data is more effective, which can provide better guidance for the safety design of the battery.

[0041] Since after the battery 10 under test is installed in the battery pack, usually the entire contact surface 11 will face other batteries, therefore, as Figure 2 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the heating device 20 is configured to completely cover the contact surface 11 of the battery 10 under test. In this way, the heating device 20 can uniformly heat the contact surface 11 of the battery 10 under test, so as to better simulate the battery that has experienced thermal runaway adjacent to the battery 10 under test, so that the test result can be closer to the real situation of the battery under test during operation, so as to improve the effectiveness of the result.

[0042] As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the battery 10 under test is a square shell battery cell or a soft-pack battery cell, and the temperature sensor is arranged on the contact surface 11 of the battery 10 under test. Specifically, the temperature sensor can be arranged on the contact surface 11 to accurately obtain the thermal runaway trigger temperature of the battery 10 under test.

[0043] In order to pre-press the heating device 20 on the contact surface 11 of the battery 10 under test, as Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure further includes a first clamping plate 41 and a second clamping plate 42, and the battery 10 under test and the heating device 20 are configured to be pre-pressed between the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42 through a fastening device.

[0044] That is, the battery 10 under test and the heating device 20 are located between the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42, and the fastening device can fasten the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42 together to provide pressure to the battery 10 under test and the heating device 20, and pre-press the battery 10 under test and the heating device 20 between the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42 to ensure that the heating device 20 can closely adhere to the contact surface 11 of the battery 10 under test to uniformly heat the contact surface 11 of the battery 10 under test.

[0045] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fastening device is configured to adjust the pre-tightening force between the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42 to adjust the pressure borne by the contact surface 11 of the battery 10 under test to a preset pressure.

[0046] It can be understood that after the battery is installed in the battery pack, the contact surfaces 11 on both sides thereof will bear a certain pressure. Therefore, the fastening device of the present disclosure adjusts the pre-tightening force between the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42 to adjust the pressure borne by the contact surface 11 of the battery 10 to be tested to a preset pressure, so as to better simulate the actual pressure received by the battery in the battery pack, thereby making the contact situation between the heating device 20 and the battery 10 to be tested more in line with the actual situation. The preset pressure value can be the actual force value of the battery 10 to be tested, or other required values, which are not limited herein.

[0047] Specifically, as Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fastening device includes at least two fastening screw mechanisms 50. Each fastening screw mechanism 50 is disposed at corresponding edge positions of the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42 for the battery 10 to be tested, and includes a fastening bolt 51 and a nut 52 that are screwed together. The fastening screw mechanism 50 is configured to adjust the pre-tightening force between the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42 by adjusting the position of the nut 52 on the fastening bolt 51.

[0048] Since each fastening screw mechanism 50 is disposed at corresponding edge positions of the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42 for the battery 10 to be tested, it can ensure that the battery 10 to be tested and the heating device 20 are evenly stressed at each position, avoiding the situation of excessive or too small force on one side, so that the heating device 20 can uniformly pre-press on the battery 10 to be tested.

[0049] As Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, the fastening device may include four fastening screw mechanisms 50. Each fastening screw mechanism 50 is disposed at the four corner positions of the first clamping plate 41 and the second clamping plate 42 for the battery 10 to be tested. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the number and installation positions of the fastening screw mechanisms 50 can also be set otherwise according to needs, which are not limited herein.

[0050] It can be understood that the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure can have multiple test modes. For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the heating device 20 is configured to gradually increase the heating temperature; the thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain whether the battery 10 to be tested enters the thermal runaway state; when the battery 10 to be tested enters the thermal runaway state, the detected temperature of the temperature sensor is obtained as the thermal runaway trigger temperature of the battery 10 to be tested.

[0051] That is, during the process of the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure testing the battery 10 to be tested, the heating device 20 can gradually increase the heating temperature. During the process of the heating device 20 gradually increasing the heating temperature, the temperature of the battery 10 to be tested will also gradually rise, and the thermal runaway detection unit can obtain in real time whether the battery 10 to be tested enters the thermal runaway state; when the battery 10 to be tested enters the thermal runaway state, the thermal runaway detection unit can obtain the detected temperature of the temperature sensor as the thermal runaway trigger temperature of the battery 10 to be tested. Specifically, the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure can test different batteries 10 to be tested to obtain the thermal runaway trigger temperatures of different batteries 10 to be tested, and provide better guidance for the safety design of the battery according to the thermal runaway resistance performance of different batteries, such as optimizing the structures, materials, etc. of various parts of the battery.

[0052] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the heating device 20 is configured to linearly increase the heating temperature according to time change; that is, during the working process of the heating device 20, the heating temperature of the heating device 20 keeps increasing continuously and evenly; while in another embodiment of the present disclosure, the heating device 20 is configured to increase the heating temperature step by step according to time change, that is, during the working process of the heating device 20, the heating temperature of the heating device 20 remains unchanged within a certain period of time, and after entering the next period of time, the heating temperature rapidly rises to the target value and then remains unchanged for a period of time, and so on until the thermal runaway of the battery 10 to be tested is triggered. The above two methods for increasing the heating temperature of the heating device 20 can both meet different test requirements, and the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure can select a specific method according to needs.

[0053] While in another embodiment of the present disclosure, the heating device 20 is configured to maintain a constant heating power; the thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain whether the battery 10 to be tested enters the thermal runaway state; when the battery 10 to be tested enters the thermal runaway state, obtain the working duration of the heating device 20 as the thermal runaway trigger duration of the battery 10 to be tested.

[0054] That is, during the process of the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure testing the battery 10 to be tested, the heating device 20 maintains a constant heating power. During the process of the heating device 20 maintaining a constant heating rate, the temperature of the battery 10 to be tested will also gradually rise, and the thermal runaway detection unit can obtain in real time whether the battery 10 to be tested enters the thermal runaway state; when the battery 10 to be tested enters the thermal runaway state, the thermal runaway detection unit can obtain the working duration of the heating device 20 as the thermal runaway trigger duration of the battery 10 to be tested. Specifically, the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure can test different batteries 10 to be tested to obtain the thermal runaway trigger durations of different batteries 10 to be tested, and provide better guidance for the safety design of the battery according to the thermal runaway resistance performance of different batteries.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a buffer heat insulation material to be tested (not shown in the figure) is provided between the contact surface 11 of the heating device 20 and the battery 10 to be tested. That is, during the process of testing the battery 10 to be tested by the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure, the heat generated by the heating device 20 can be transmitted to the battery 10 to be tested through the buffer heat insulation material to be tested, so as to heat the battery 10 to be tested, so as to simulate the influence of abnormal high temperature conditions such as thermal runaway and fire of another battery adjacent to the battery 10 to be tested when the buffer heat insulation material to be tested is provided between battery packs on the battery 10 to be tested.

[0056] Specifically, during multiple tests of the battery thermal runaway test tooling of the present disclosure, buffer heat insulation materials to be tested of different types or different thicknesses, such as rubber, aerogel, microcellular foamed polypropylene (MPP), etc., can be replaced to obtain the heat insulation performance of various buffer heat insulation materials to be tested, and better guidance for the safety design of the buffer heat insulation material can be provided according to the buffer heat insulation performance of different buffer heat insulation materials to be tested.

[0057] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of the terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to technologies in the market, or to enable other ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery thermal runaway test tooling, characterized in that, Comprising: a battery under test (10), the battery under test (10) being provided with a contact surface (11) for facing other batteries; a heating device (20), the heating device (20) being pre-pressed on the contact surface (11) of the battery under test (10) and being configured to heat the battery under test (10); a temperature sensor configured to obtain the temperature of the battery under test (10); a thermal runaway detection unit configured to obtain the thermal runaway parameters of the battery under test (10) according to the temperature of the battery under test (10) obtained by the temperature sensor.

2. The battery thermal runaway test tooling according to claim 1, wherein, The heating device (20) is configured to completely cover the contact surface (11) of the battery under test (10).

3. The battery thermal runaway test tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating device (20) is configured to gradually increase the heating temperature; The thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain whether the battery under test (10) enters a thermal runaway state; when the battery under test (10) enters a thermal runaway state, obtain the detected temperature of the temperature sensor as the thermal runaway trigger temperature of the battery under test (10).

4. The battery thermal runaway test tooling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heating device (20) is configured to linearly increase the heating temperature according to time variation or increase the heating temperature stepwise according to time variation.

5. The battery thermal runaway test tooling according to claim 1, wherein, The heating device (20) is configured to maintain a constant heating power; The thermal runaway detection unit is configured to obtain whether the battery under test (10) enters a thermal runaway state; when the battery under test (10) enters a thermal runaway state, obtain the working duration of the heating device (20) as the thermal runaway trigger duration of the battery under test (10).

6. The battery thermal runaway test tooling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, A buffer and heat insulation material under test is provided between the heating device (20) and the contact surface (11) of the battery under test (10).

7. The battery thermal runaway test tooling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The battery under test (10) is a square shell battery cell or a soft package battery cell, and the temperature sensor is disposed on the contact surface (11) of the battery under test (10).

8. The battery thermal runaway test tooling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Further included are a first clamping plate (41) and a second clamping plate (42), the battery under test (10) and the heating device (20) being configured to be pre-pressed between the first clamping plate (41) and the second clamping plate (42) by a fastening device.

9. The battery thermal runaway test tooling according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fastening device is configured to adjust the pressure borne by the contact surface (11) of the battery under test (10) to a preset pressure by adjusting the pre-tightening force between the first clamping plate (41) and the second clamping plate (42).

10. The battery thermal runaway test tooling according to claim 9, characterized in that, The fastening device includes at least two fastening screw mechanisms (50), each of the fastening screw mechanisms (50) being disposed at corresponding edge positions of the first clamping plate (41) and the second clamping plate (42) corresponding to the battery under test (10) and including a fastening bolt (51) and a nut (52) that are screwed together, the fastening screw mechanism (50) being configured to adjust the pre-tightening force between the first clamping plate (41) and the second clamping plate (42) by adjusting the position of the nut (52) on the fastening bolt (51).

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