Perovskite battery

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, in particular to a perovskite cell. The perovskite battery comprises at least one sub-battery unit, the sub-battery unit comprises a composite substrate, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer and an electrode layer, and the composite substrate comprises a substrate body and a heat conduction layer located on one side of the substrate body. The heat conduction layer is an electric conductor and is clamped between the substrate body and the first charge transmission layer, and the heat conduction coefficient of the heat conduction layer is higher than that of the substrate body. According to the perovskite cell, the heat conduction layer can effectively improve the heat dissipation performance of the cell, the light absorption layer is prevented from being in a high temperature state, the efficiency attenuation risk of the cell during working is reduced, and the efficiency of the cell is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, and more particularly to a perovskite cell. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation has the advantages of convenient utilization, environmental friendliness, long service life, etc. At present, it is an indispensable part of the energy supply for various space vehicles, such as satellites, space transportation systems, space stations, and drones. The quality of its performance directly affects the information collection ability, maneuverability, service life, and reliability of the entire system. Laser wireless energy transmission is a technology that uses laser as an energy carrier and converts laser energy into electrical energy through a battery to achieve long-distance electrical energy transmission.

[0003] Laser wireless energy transmission has the advantages of large energy density, high transmission and conversion efficiency, high comprehensive energy utilization rate, small system volume, and limited energy supply scenarios. It is easy to meet the requirements of light weight and high efficiency of aircraft and is very suitable for space environment applications. It can remotely provide energy supplementation for aircraft, achieve all-day and long-distance high-efficiency transmission, and is an important means for future wireless energy supplementation for long-endurance aircraft and space solar power stations. It has great scientific significance and value and is an important development direction for future space energy technology.

[0004] Currently, the battery mainly uses III-V group semiconductor materials, with a relatively high cost. For a certain distance of laser wireless energy transmission, to ensure that the components can maintain a high photoelectric conversion efficiency in actual applications, for a single-junction III-V group semiconductor, under high-power laser irradiation, a large working current will be generated. The excessive current will cause high energy loss in the circuit. Generally, a method of connecting sub-cells in series is required to increase the battery voltage and reduce the battery output current. III-V group semiconductor batteries often adopt a longitudinal series sub-cell structure to increase the voltage, but the changes in light intensity and incident angle will affect its efficiency, and the more longitudinal junctions, the greater the impact. At the same time, under continuous high-energy density laser irradiation, if the heat dissipation of the battery substrate is poor, it is easy to cause the material layer of the battery to be in a high-temperature state, which will further lead to the generation of micro-defects in the battery material and the rapid recombination of carriers, resulting in a decrease in the conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0005] In view of this, the present utility model is specifically proposed. Summary of the Utility Model

[0006] An object of the present utility model is to provide a perovskite cell to solve the technical problem of poor heat dissipation effect of the perovskite cell in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object of the present utility model, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:

[0008] A perovskite solar cell includes at least one sub-cell unit. The sub-cell unit includes a composite substrate, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, and an electrode layer. The composite substrate includes a substrate body and a heat conduction layer located on one side of the substrate body. The heat conduction layer is a conductor and is sandwiched between the substrate body and the first charge transport layer, and the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction layer is higher than that of the substrate body.

[0009] In some embodiments, the heat conduction layer is a cermet layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the cermet layer includes any one of an oxide-based cermet layer, a carbide-based cermet layer, a nitride-based cermet layer, a boride-based cermet layer, a silicide-based cermet layer, or at least two layers stacked.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thickness of the heat conduction layer is 0.5 μm to 2 μm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the heat conduction layer is a silicon nitride cermet layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, it includes a plurality of sub-cell units connected in series in sequence. The substrate bodies of the plurality of sub-cell units are arranged coplanarly, and any two adjacent substrate bodies are bridged by an insulating connector, and the insulating connector is coplanar with the substrate body.

[0014] In some embodiments, the electrode layer includes a top electrode layer and a bridging electrode segment. The top electrode layer is located on the surface of the second charge transport layer. The bridging electrode segment sequentially penetrates through the second charge transport layer, the perovskite layer, and the first charge transport layer and is electrically connected to the heat conduction layer of another sub-cell unit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the area of the top electrode layer is smaller than the area of the second charge transport layer, and the top electrode layer exposes a part of the second charge transport layer.

[0016] In some embodiments, the distance between the heat conduction layers between any two sub-cell units is set.

[0017] In some embodiments, an antireflection layer is covered on the top electrode layer.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are:

[0019] In the perovskite battery of the present utility model, the heat conduction layer has good strength, coefficient of thermal expansion, electrical and thermal conductivity, which can effectively improve the heat dissipation of the battery, prevent the photoabsorption layer from being in a high-temperature state, and reduce the risk of efficiency attenuation of the battery during operation; through the cooperation of each layer structure, it is more conducive to improving the efficiency and safety performance of the perovskite battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the perovskite battery in the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first groove and the second groove after grooving of the perovskite battery in the present utility model.

[0023] Reference numerals:

[0024] 100 - sub - battery unit, 200 - composite substrate, 1 - substrate body, 2 - insulating connector, 3 - heat conduction layer, 4 - first charge transport layer, 5 - perovskite layer, 6 - second charge transport layer, 7 - antireflection layer, 8 - electrode layer, 801 - top electrode layer, 802 - bridging electrode segment, 9 - insulating groove, 10 - first groove, 11 - second groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present utility model is usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive distinction and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of the present utility model, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "arranged", "installed", "connected", and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific situations.

[0027] A perovskite battery includes at least one sub-battery unit. The sub-battery unit includes a composite substrate, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, and an electrode layer. The composite substrate includes a substrate body and a heat conduction layer located on one side of the substrate body. The heat conduction layer is a conductor and is sandwiched between the substrate body and the first charge transport layer, and the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction layer is higher than that of the substrate body.

[0028] In the perovskite battery of the present utility model, the heat conduction layer has good strength, coefficient of thermal expansion, electrical and thermal conductivity, can effectively improve the heat dissipation of the battery, avoid the light absorption layer being in a high-temperature state, and reduce the risk of efficiency attenuation of the battery during operation; through the cooperation of each layer structure, it is more conducive to improving the efficiency and safety performance of the perovskite battery.

[0029] In some embodiments, the heat conduction layer is a cermet layer. In some embodiments, the cermet layer includes any one of an oxide-based cermet layer, a carbide-based cermet layer, a nitride-based cermet layer, a boride-based cermet layer, a silicide-based cermet layer, or at least two layers stacked. In some embodiments, the heat conduction layer is a laminate of a carbide-based cermet layer and a nitride-based cermet layer. In some embodiments, the heat conduction layer is a laminate of a boride-based cermet layer and a silicide-based cermet layer. In some embodiments, the heat conduction layer is preferably a silicon nitride cermet layer, which has ultra-high thermal conductivity and toughness, can effectively improve the heat dissipation of the battery, avoid the light absorption layer being in a high-temperature state, and reduce the risk of efficiency attenuation of the battery during operation.

[0030] In some embodiments, the thickness of the heat conduction layer is 0.5 μm to 2 μm, including but not limited to 0.5 μm, 0.6 μm, 0.8 μm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.8 μm, or 2 μm, etc. A heat conduction layer with an appropriate thickness is beneficial for heat conduction and can ensure the efficiency and safety performance of the perovskite battery.

[0031] In some embodiments, the perovskite battery includes a plurality of sub-battery units connected in series in sequence. The substrate bodies of the plurality of sub-battery units are arranged in a coplanar manner, and any two adjacent substrate bodies are bridged by an insulating connector, and the insulating connector is coplanar with the substrate body.

[0032] In some embodiments, the material of the base body is any one of Cu, Cr, Ag, and Ni, or a laminate of multiple materials, such as a laminate of Cu and Cr, a laminate of Ag and Ni, etc. The thickness of the metal base is 40 - 60 μm, such as 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, etc. The material of the insulating connector is silicone, photocurable adhesive, or polyimide adhesive.

[0033] In some embodiments, the electrode layer includes a top electrode layer and a bridging electrode segment. The top electrode layer is located on the surface of the second charge transport layer. The bridging electrode segment sequentially penetrates through the second charge transport layer, the perovskite layer, and the first charge transport layer and is electrically connected to the heat conduction layer of another sub - battery unit. In some embodiments, the electrode layer is any one of Cu, Mo, Ag, Ni, and Cr, or a laminate of multiple materials, such as a laminate of Cu and Mo, a laminate of Ag and Ni, etc.

[0034] In some embodiments, the area of the top electrode layer is smaller than the area of the second charge transport layer, and a part of the second charge transport layer is exposed by the top electrode layer. This structure is beneficial to ensuring the efficiency of the battery.

[0035] In some embodiments, the distance between the heat conduction layers between any two sub - battery units is set.

[0036] In some embodiments, an antireflection layer is covered on the top electrode layer. By setting the antireflection layer, the light absorption area of the battery can be further increased, and the battery efficiency can be improved. In some embodiments, the thickness of the antireflection layer is 150 - 300 nm, such as 150 nm, 180 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, etc., or a range value between any two of them. The antireflection layer is any one of an Al2O3 layer, an SiO2 layer, and a Ti2O3 layer, or a laminate of multiple materials. A laminate of an Al2O3 layer and an SiO2 layer, a laminate of an SiO2 layer and a Ti2O3 layer, etc.

[0037] In some embodiments, the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer. In some embodiments, the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer. The thickness of the hole transport layer is 15 - 20 nm, including but not limited to 15 nm, 16 nm, 17 nm, 18 nm, 20 nm, etc., or a range value between any two of them. In some embodiments, the hole transport layer includes nickel oxide. In some embodiments, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 30 - 50 nm, including but not limited to 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, etc., or a range value between any two of them. In some embodiments, the electron transport layer includes a C60 / tin oxide composite layer.

[0038] In this solution, by limiting the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction layer to be higher than that of the substrate body, the heat of the perovskite layer can be exported to the heat conduction layer faster, and then the metal substrate body is used for heat dissipation. Compared with the existing solution without a heat conduction layer, it can avoid the problem of reduced battery efficiency caused by slow heat conduction of the metal substrate and long-term accumulation of heat in the perovskite layer.

[0039] In some embodiments, a method for preparing a perovskite laser battery includes the following steps:

[0040] Patterning a metal substrate to obtain patterned grooves, filling insulating colloid in the patterned grooves and curing to form an insulating connector to obtain a flexible substrate; depositing a cermet raw material on one surface of the flexible substrate to obtain a cermet layer, including any one of an oxide-based cermet layer, a carbide-based cermet layer, a nitride-based cermet layer, a boride-based cermet layer, a silicide-based cermet layer or at least two stacked layers, to obtain a heat conduction layer; sequentially depositing a hole transport material, a perovskite material and an electron transport material on the surface of the heat conduction layer to obtain a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer and a second charge transport layer; making slots in the second charge transport layer, the perovskite layer and the first charge transport layer to obtain a first groove and a second groove, using a mask device, depositing an electrode material on the first groove and a part of the surface of the electron transport layer to obtain an electrode layer; using a mask device, depositing an antireflection film material on a part of the second groove area, the surface of the second charge transport layer and the top electrode layer surface of the electrode layer to form an antireflection layer, and at the same time, forming an insulating groove in the second groove to obtain a perovskite battery.

[0041] The following further explains with specific embodiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A perovskite battery, as Figure 1 shown, includes a plurality of sub-battery units 100 connected in series in sequence. The sub-battery unit 100 includes a composite substrate 200, a first charge transport layer 4, a perovskite layer 5, a second charge transport layer 6, an electrode layer 8 and an antireflection layer 7. The composite substrate 200 includes a substrate body 1 and a heat conduction layer 3 on one side of the substrate body 1. The heat conduction layer 3 is a conductor and is clamped between the substrate body 1 and the first charge transport layer 4, and the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction layer 3 is higher than the thermal conductivity of the substrate body 1. The substrate bodies 1 of the plurality of sub-battery units 100 are arranged coplanarly, and any two adjacent substrate bodies are bridged by an insulating connector 2, and the insulating connector 2 is coplanar with the substrate body 1. The heat conduction layers 3 between any two sub-battery units 100 are spaced.

[0044] The heat conduction layer 3 is a silicon nitride cermet layer, and the thickness of the heat conduction layer 3 is 1 μm.

[0045] The electrode layer 8 includes a top electrode layer 801 and a bridging electrode segment 802. The top electrode layer 801 is located on the surface of the second charge transport layer 6. The bridging electrode segment 802 sequentially penetrates through the second charge transport layer 6, the perovskite layer 5, and the first charge transport layer 4 and is electrically connected to the heat conduction layer 3 of another sub-battery unit 100. The area of the top electrode layer 801 is smaller than the area of the second charge transport layer 6, and a part of the second charge transport layer 6 is exposed by the top electrode layer 801. The material of the electrode layer 8 is Cu.

[0046] The first charge transport layer 4 is nickel oxide with a thickness of 18 nm.

[0047] The antireflection layer 7 includes a second top region and a second extension segment. The second top region is located on the surfaces of the second charge transport layer 6 and the top electrode layer 801. The second extension segment sequentially penetrates through the second charge transport layer 6, the perovskite layer 5, and the first charge transport layer 4. The antireflection layer 7 is an Al2O3 layer with a thickness of 200 nm.

[0048] The insulating groove 9 is located inside the second extension segment and extends to the first charge transport layer 4.

[0049] It should be noted that: The insulating groove 9 is naturally formed after the liquid antireflection coating solution dries. When the coating amount of the antireflection coating solution is relatively large, the amount of the coating solution filled in the second groove 11 is relatively large, and the insulating groove 9 may not exist after drying.

[0050] The preparation method of the perovskite battery in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0051] (1) Perform groove pattern fabrication on the surface of a metal substrate (Cu foil) with a thickness of 50 μm using photolithography to form a patterned groove, and obtain a substrate body 1. Fill the patterned groove with an insulating colloid and cure it to form an insulating connector 2, thereby obtaining a flexible substrate.

[0052] (2) Use the electrochemical deposition method to fabricate a silicon nitride cermet layer on the surface of the substrate body 1 to form the heat conduction layer 3, thereby obtaining a composite substrate 200. Disperse silicon nitride in an electroplating solution containing metal ions using ultrasonic waves, and then co-deposit silicon carbide and metal particles on the surface of the substrate body 1. The metal ion is Cu to form a silicon nitride cermet layer.

[0053] (3) Combine the sample obtained in step (2) onto a temporary substrate, bond it using a thermal release film, clean the surface, and ultrasonically clean it with isopropanol, hydrochloric acid solution, and pure water to remove impurities such as organic matter, oxides, and metal particles on the surface.

[0054] (4) Fabricate the first charge transport layer 4 on the surface of the heat conduction layer 3 by sputter depositing nickel oxide material. Prepare the perovskite layer 5 on the surface of the first charge transport layer 4. Dissolve methylammonium chloride, formamidinium iodide, and lead iodide powders with a molar ratio of 1:12:18 in a DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) solvent, stir well to mix, obtain a precursor solution, coat the solution on the sample surface, heat it to 120 °C, hold for 10 min, and naturally cool to room temperature to obtain the perovskite layer 5.

[0055] (5) Fabricate the second charge transport layer 6 on the surface of the perovskite layer 5 by evaporating and depositing C60 with a thickness of 25 nm, and then deposit tin oxide by RPD with a thickness of 10 nm.

[0056] (6) Make slots in the second charge transport layer 6, perovskite layer 5, and the first charge transport layer 4 to obtain the first groove 10 and the second groove 11, as Figure 2 shown. Use a mask device to deposit electrode material on the partial surface of the first groove 10 and the second charge transport layer 6 to obtain the electrode layer 8.

[0057] (7) Use a mask device to deposit an anti-reflection film material on the partial area of the second groove 11, the surface of the second charge transport layer 6, and the top area surface of the electrode layer 8 to form the anti-reflection layer 7. At the same time, form an insulating groove 9 in the second groove 11.

[0058] (8) Separate the sample from the temporary substrate to obtain a flexible perovskite solar cell.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, comprising at least one sub-cell unit (100), wherein the sub-cell unit (100) comprises a composite substrate (200), a first charge transport layer (4), a perovskite layer (5), a second charge transport layer (6) and an electrode layer (8), characterized in that, The composite substrate (200) includes a substrate body (1) and a heat conduction layer (3) located on one side of the substrate body (1). The heat conduction layer (3) is a conductor and is sandwiched between the substrate body (1) and the first charge transport layer (4), and the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction layer (3) is higher than that of the substrate body (1).

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein, The heat conduction layer (3) is a cermet layer.

3. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cermet layer includes any one of an oxide-based cermet layer, a carbide-based cermet layer, a nitride-based cermet layer, a boride-based cermet layer, a silicide-based cermet layer, or at least two layers stacked.

4. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the heat conduction layer (3) is 0.5 μm to 2 μm.

5. A perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The heat conduction layer (3) is a silicon nitride cermet layer.

6. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein, It includes a plurality of sub-cell units (100) connected in series in sequence. The substrate bodies (1) of the plurality of sub-cell units (100) are arranged coplanarly, and any two adjacent substrate bodies (1) are bridged by an insulating connector (2), and the insulating connector (2) is coplanar with the substrate body (1).

7. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electrode layer (8) includes a top electrode layer (801) and a bridging electrode segment (802). The top electrode layer (801) is located on the surface of the second charge transport layer (6). The bridging electrode segment (802) sequentially penetrates through the second charge transport layer (6), the perovskite layer (5), and the first charge transport layer (4) and is electrically connected to the heat conduction layer (3) of another sub-cell unit (100).

8. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, wherein, The area of the top electrode layer (801) is smaller than the area of the second charge transport layer (6), and a part of the second charge transport layer (6) is exposed by the top electrode layer (801).

9. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The distance between the heat conduction layers (3) is set between any two sub-cell units (100).

10. A perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, An antireflection layer (7) is covered on the top electrode layer (801).

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