Swallowing action demonstration model

Abstract

A swallowing action demonstration model is characterized in that a model body is of a simulated anatomical structure of a median sagittal plane corresponding to a swallowing part of a human body, an oral cavity and a throat cavity which are communicated with each other are arranged in the model body, a lower port of the throat cavity is communicated with an airway and an esophagus respectively, and a movable seat is arranged on the front wall side of the throat cavity; a pharyngeal part is formed at the lower end of the movable seat, the movable seat is located at a limiting position for limiting the food simulation ball in the oral cavity to move into the throat cavity or at an avoiding position for allowing the food simulation ball to enter the throat cavity from the oral cavity, and when the movable seat is located at the limiting position, the pharyngeal part is separated from the inlet of the airway; and when the movable seat is in the avoiding position, the pharynx of the movable seat covers the inlet of the air passage. By controlling the position change of the movable seat, the pharyngeal part at the lower end of the movable seat is separated from or covers the inlet of the airway along with the movement of the movable seat, so that the change of the pharyngeal part when food moves towards the opening of the airway in the swallowing action process is visually displayed, and the model is simple in overall structure and very convenient to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a science and education model, in particular to a swallowing action demonstration model. Background Art

[0002] Swallowing is a complex process that requires the coordination of multiple nerves and muscles. The organs or parts involved in swallowing, such as the mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, esophagus and airway, are all located inside the body and cannot be observed from the outside. In practice, popular science teaching of swallowing mainly uses anatomical models to explain the swallowing process to patients or students. However, existing anatomical models are mainly static models made with reference to the real anatomical structure of the human body. The coordination process of swallowing cannot be presented intuitively and vividly for visitors to learn and use.

[0003] The technical solution disclosed in the patent document entitled "A Swallowing Movement Teaching Device" (document number CN217821900U) includes a model body, which is an anatomical structure corresponding to the swallowing part of the human body. The front of the model body is formed with a simulated pharynx and the oral cavity, nasal cavity, laryngeal cavity and esophagus connected to the pharynx; an epiglottis plate, which is arranged at the entrance of the laryngeal cavity, and one end of the epiglottis plate is hinged to the model body, and the other end is a free end, so that the epiglottis plate can be rotated to close the entrance of the laryngeal cavity, or detached from the entrance of the laryngeal cavity to open it; a soft palate plate, which is arranged at the entrance of the nasal cavity, and one end of the soft palate plate is hinged to the model body, and the other end is a free end, so that the soft palate plate can be rotated to close the entrance of the nasal cavity, or detached from the entrance of the nasal cavity to open it.

[0004] In the above technical solution, photoelectric sensors and motors are used to control the movement of the epiglottis or soft palate. Although it can demonstrate the process of swallowing, the overall structure is relatively complex. As a demonstration device with frequent human-computer interaction, its failure rate naturally increases, and the overall design cost and subsequent maintenance cost increase significantly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The utility model provides a swallowing action demonstration model with a simple overall structure, easy maintenance and low design cost.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted is: a swallowing action demonstration model, the model body is a simulated anatomical structure of the median sagittal plane corresponding to the swallowing part of the human body, the model body is provided with an oral cavity and a pharyngeal cavity connected to each other, the lower port of the pharyngeal cavity is connected to the airway and esophagus respectively, and a movable seat is provided on the front wall side of the pharyngeal cavity, the lower end of the movable seat forms a pharyngeal part, the movable seat is in a restricting position for restricting the movement of a food simulation ball in the oral cavity into the pharyngeal cavity or in an avoidance position for allowing the food simulation ball to enter the pharyngeal cavity from the oral cavity, when the movable seat is in the restricting position, the pharyngeal part is separated from the entrance of the airway, and when the movable seat is in the avoidance position, the pharyngeal part covers the entrance of the airway.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the technical effect of the present invention is: by controlling the movable seat to move to a restrictive position that restricts the movement of the food simulation ball in the oral cavity into the throat cavity, or to a avoidance position that allows the food simulation ball to enter the throat cavity from the oral cavity, the pharyngeal part at the lower end of the movable seat is separated from or covered with the entrance of the airway as the movable seat moves, intuitively showing the changes in the pharyngeal part when food moves toward the esophageal opening during swallowing. The overall structure of the model is simple and it is very convenient to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0009] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the movable seat;

[0010] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a state where the movable seat is in a state of restricting the food simulation ball from moving into the throat cavity;

[0011] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of the M part;

[0012] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a state where the movable seat allows the food simulation ball to move into the throat cavity;

[0013] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Middle AA section view;

[0014] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of part N in FIG.

[0015] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of guide rail and slider. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following is combined with Figure 1-8 And related content, the utility model is further described in detail:

[0017] A swallowing action demonstration model, wherein the model body 10 is a simulated anatomical structure of the median sagittal plane corresponding to the swallowing part of the human body, and an oral cavity 11a and a pharyngeal cavity 11b that are interconnected are provided in the model body 10, and the lower port of the pharyngeal cavity 11b is respectively connected to the airway 11c and the esophagus 11d, and a movable seat 20 is provided on the front wall side of the pharyngeal cavity 11b, and the lower end of the movable seat 20 forms a pharyngeal portion 22. The movable seat 20 is in a restricting position that restricts the movement of a food simulation ball A in the oral cavity 11a into the pharyngeal cavity 11b, or in an avoidance position that allows the food simulation ball A to enter the pharyngeal cavity 11b from the oral cavity 11a. When the movable seat 20 is in the restricting position, the pharyngeal portion 22 is separated from the entrance of the airway 11c, and when the movable seat 20 is in the avoidance position, the pharyngeal portion 22 covers the entrance of the airway 11c.

[0018] In the above scheme, Figure 1 The midsagittal plane of the model body 10, as seen by visitors, is the front view of the entire demonstration model. In this embodiment, the central portion of the model body 10 is provided with an oral cavity 11a, a pharyngeal cavity 11b, an airway 11c, and an esophagus 11d, which are interconnected in sequence. The lower end of the pharyngeal cavity 11b connects to both the airway 11c and the esophagus 11d, forming a herringbone-shaped fork that separates the airway 11c from the esophagus 11d.

[0019] In this solution, in order to demonstrate the changes in the human body's movements when swallowing food, a ball is used to simulate food (i.e., food simulation ball A). During the demonstration, the food simulation ball A is put into the mouth 11a from the entrance of the mouth, and the food simulation ball A will slide down to the throat cavity 11b. Figure 3 As shown, when the movable seat 20 is controlled to move to the limiting position that limits the movement of the food simulation ball A in the oral cavity 11a into the pharyngeal cavity 11b, the food simulation ball A cannot enter the pharyngeal cavity 11b. In this state, the pharyngeal portion 22 at the lower end of the movable seat 20 is separated from the entrance of the airway 11c, that is, the state of the pharyngeal portion 22 when the human body has not swallowed food is demonstrated. In this state, the airway 11c is in an open state and can be ventilated normally; as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, when movable seat 20 is controlled to move to the avoidance position that allows food simulation ball A to enter pharyngeal cavity 11b from oral cavity 11c, the pharyngeal portion 22 at the lower end of movable seat 20 covers the entrance of airway 11c. This demonstrates the state of pharyngeal portion 22 during human swallowing. In this state, airway 11c is closed. After entering pharyngeal cavity 11b, food simulation ball A can further enter esophagus 11d but cannot enter airway 11c. This intuitively demonstrates the relative position change between pharyngeal portion 22 and food during food swallowing. The overall structure of the model is simple and easy to operate.

[0020] Further, combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 6 as well as Figure 7 As shown, a transparent outer panel 13 is disposed on the midsagittal plane of the model body 10, and a background panel 12 is disposed on the side of the model body 10 opposite the midsagittal plane. During the swallowing demonstration, the transparent outer panel 13 acts as a protective shield to prevent the food simulation ball A from falling out of the side openings of the oral cavity 11a, pharyngeal cavity 11b, airway 11c, or esophagus 11d, ensuring that the food simulation ball A enters the oral cavity 11a, pharyngeal cavity 11b, airway 11c, or esophagus 11d smoothly.

[0021] As a preferred solution, Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the model body 10 includes a lower jaw simulation part 14 and an upper jaw simulation part 15 arranged between a background plate 12 and an outer plate 13. The lower jaw simulation part 14 and the upper jaw simulation part 15 are arranged at intervals from each other. The opposing surfaces of the lower jaw simulation part 14 and the upper jaw simulation part 15 and the opposing surfaces of the background plate 12 and the outer plate 13 together enclose an oral cavity 11a, a pharyngeal cavity 11b, an airway 11c and an esophagus 11d. The airway 11c and the esophagus 11d are separated by a partition 16, so that visitors can intuitively observe the movement changes of the food simulation ball A inside the model body 10 and understand the direction of the food.

[0022] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 3 as well as Figure 6 As shown, the lower jaw simulation portion 14 is composed of a decorative panel with a vertical surface, the outer panel 13 is in contact with the front of the decorative panel, and the movable seat 20 located between the decorative panel and the background panel 12 is partially exposed and protrudes toward the middle of the oral cavity 11a and the throat cavity 11b. The surface of the movable seat 20 is arranged adjacent to the surface of the lower jaw simulation portion 14 and the surface of the background panel 12. The upper edge of the movable seat 20 and the opposing surfaces of the decorative panel and the background panel 12 together form a groove structure for guiding the food simulation ball A through. The surface of the movable seat 20 is arranged adjacent to the surface of the lower jaw simulation portion 14 and the surface of the background panel 12 to avoid excessive gaps between the movable seat 20 and the decorative panel and the background panel 12, which may cause the food simulation ball A to get stuck or fall.

[0023] To ensure the natural movement of the food simulated ball A toward the pharyngeal cavity 11b without requiring excessive human control, a guide surface 21 is formed on the upper edge of the plate-shaped movable seat 20. This guide surface 21 is tilted, with the surface higher near the oral cavity 11a and lower near the pharyngeal cavity 11b. The upper end of the guide surface 21 is located near the entrance of the oral cavity 11a, while the lower end of the guide surface 21 connects with the upper end of the pharynx 22. When a food simulated ball A is introduced into the oral cavity 11a, it slides along the guide surface 21 toward the pharyngeal cavity 11b. Controlling the vertical movement of the movable seat 20 determines whether the food simulated ball A further slides into the pharyngeal cavity 11b.

[0024] Combine Figure 3 、 4 As shown in Figures 5 and 6, a leading surface 141 is provided at the entrance of the oral cavity 11a, extending toward the guide surface 21. The leading surface 141 is arranged higher in front and lower in the back, with the lower end of the leading surface 141 being greater than or equal to the upper end of the guide surface 21. The leading surface 141 serves as a transition section, allowing the simulated food ball A to slide smoothly from the entrance of the oral cavity 11a onto the guide surface 21, preventing the simulated food ball A from falling directly at the entrance of the oral cavity 11a.

[0025] The movable seat 20 is provided with a drive mechanism that drives the movable seat 20 to rise to a restricting position that prevents the food simulating ball A in the oral cavity 11a from moving into the pharyngeal cavity 11b, or to descend to a retracting position that allows the food simulating ball A to enter the pharyngeal cavity 11b from the oral cavity 11a. The drive mechanism facilitates control of the position of the movable seat 20.

[0026] As a preferred solution, a vertical guide rail 30 is provided on the mandibular simulation part 14, and a slider 31 is connected to the movable seat 20 to form a guide limit with the guide rail 30. An elastic support is provided between the mandibular simulation part 14 and the movable seat 20. The elastic force provided by the elastic support drives the movable seat 20 to move upward along the guide rail 30 to a limit position that restricts the movement of the food simulation ball A into the throat cavity 11b. Figure 8 In this embodiment, the movable seat 20 can move up and down along the guide rail 30 with the cooperation of the slider 31 and the guide rail 30, thereby changing its position. When no external force is applied, the elastic force provided by the elastic support lifts the movable seat 20 to a restricted position that restricts the movement of the food simulation ball A into the pharyngeal cavity 11b. Only when an external force is applied downward on the movable seat 20 will it move downward along the guide rail 30 to a relief position that allows the food simulation ball A to enter the pharyngeal cavity 11b from the oral cavity 11a. This allows visitors to control the swallowing simulation demonstration, enhancing interactivity.

[0027] Further, combined with Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, to facilitate the user's application of external force to the movable seat 20, thereby controlling its upward and downward movement, a push rod 32 is connected to the movable seat 20. The suspended end of the push rod 32 extends through an elongated guide hole 131 in the outer panel 13, with the major diameter of the guide hole 131 aligned with the plumb line. The user can manually apply downward pressure to the push rod 32, thereby controlling the downward movement of the movable seat 20 and allowing the food simulation ball A to enter the pharyngeal cavity 11c. Conversely, when the push rod 32 is released, the movable seat 20 automatically moves upward and returns to its original position due to the elastic force of the elastic support.

[0028] In addition, combined Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown, to allow for the recycling and reuse of the food simulation ball A, the model body 10 is mounted on a display stand 40. A simulation ball recovery box 41 is located within the display stand 40. A through-hole is provided at the lower end of the esophagus 11d, connecting the through-hole to the simulation ball recovery box 41 via a conduit 42. A simulation ball extraction hole 411 is provided on one side of the recovery box 41, connecting to the exterior of the display stand 40. When the food simulation ball A enters the esophagus 11d from the pharyngeal cavity 11b, it passes through the through-hole at the lower end of the esophagus 11d and into the conduit 42. The conduit 42 then guides the food simulation ball A into the simulation ball recovery box 41. After a swallowing demonstration, visitors can remove the food simulation ball A directly from the simulation ball recovery box 41 via the simulation ball extraction hole 411, allowing them to use it again for swallowing demonstrations.

Claims

1. A swallowing action demonstration model, wherein the model body (10) is a simulated anatomical structure of the midsagittal plane corresponding to the swallowing part of the human body, and the model body (10) is provided with an oral cavity (11a) and a pharyngeal cavity (11b) that are connected to each other, and the lower end of the pharyngeal cavity (11b) is respectively connected to the airway (11c) and the esophagus (11d), characterized in that: A movable seat (20) is provided on the front wall side of the pharyngeal cavity (11b), and a pharyngeal portion (22) is formed at the lower end of the movable seat (20). The movable seat (20) is in a restricting position for restricting the movement of the food simulation ball (A) in the oral cavity (11a) into the pharyngeal cavity (11b) or in an avoidance position for allowing the food simulation ball (A) to enter the pharyngeal cavity (11b) from the oral cavity (11a). When the movable seat (20) is in the restricting position, the pharyngeal portion (22) is separated from the entrance of the airway (11c). When the movable seat (20) is in the avoidance position, the pharyngeal portion (22) covers the entrance of the airway (11c).

2. The swallowing action demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transparent outer plate (13) is arranged on the midsagittal plane of the model body (10), and a background plate (12) is arranged on the side of the model body (10) opposite to the midsagittal plane.

3. The swallowing action demonstration model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The model body (10) includes a lower jaw simulation part (14) and an upper jaw simulation part (15) arranged between a background plate (12) and an outer plate (13); the lower jaw simulation part (14) and the upper jaw simulation part (15) are arranged at intervals from each other; the opposing surfaces of the lower jaw simulation part (14) and the upper jaw simulation part (15) and the opposing surfaces of the background plate (12) and the outer plate (13) together enclose an oral cavity (11a), a pharyngeal cavity (11b), an airway (11c) and an esophagus (11d); and the airway (11c) and the esophagus (11d) are separated by a partition (16).

4. The swallowing action demonstration model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mandibular simulation part (14) is composed of a decorative plate with a vertical surface, the outer plate (13) is in contact with the front surface of the decorative plate, and the movable seat (20) located between the decorative plate and the background plate (12) is partially exposed and protrudes toward the middle of the oral cavity (11a) and the pharyngeal cavity (11b), and the plate surface of the movable seat (20) is arranged closely to the plate surface of the mandibular simulation part (14) and the background plate (12).

5. The swallowing action demonstration model according to claim 4, characterized in that: A guide surface (21) is formed on the upper edge of the plate-shaped movable seat (20). The guide surface (21) is arranged to be inclined so that it is higher at the oral cavity (11a) and lower at the pharyngeal cavity (11b). The upper end of the guide surface (21) is adjacent to the entrance of the oral cavity (11a), and the lower end of the guide surface (21) is connected to the upper end of the pharynx (22).

6. The swallowing action demonstration model according to claim 5, characterized in that: A leading surface (141) extending toward the guiding surface (21) is provided at the entrance of the oral cavity (11a). The leading surface (141) is arranged with the front portion higher and the rear portion lower. The height of the lower end of the leading surface (141) is greater than or equal to the height of the upper end of the guiding surface (21).

7. The swallowing action demonstration model according to claim 3, characterized in that: A driving mechanism is provided on the movable seat (20), and the driving mechanism drives the movable seat (20) to rise to a limiting position for limiting the movement of the food simulation ball (A) in the oral cavity (11a) into the pharyngeal cavity (11b), or to descend to a avoiding position for allowing the food simulation ball (A) to enter the pharyngeal cavity (11b) from the oral cavity (11a).

8. The swallowing action demonstration model according to claim 7, characterized in that: A vertically arranged guide rail (30) is provided on the lower jaw simulation part (14); a slider (31) is connected to the movable seat (20) and forms a guide limit match with the guide rail (30); an elastic support is provided between the lower jaw simulation part (14) and the movable seat (20); and the elastic force provided by the elastic support drives the movable seat (20) to move upward along the guide rail (30) to a limit position that limits the movement of the food simulation ball (A) into the throat cavity (11b).

9. The swallowing action demonstration model according to claim 8, characterized in that: A push rod (32) is connected to the movable seat (20), and a suspended end of the push rod (32) passes through a long strip guide hole (131) on the outer plate (13), and the long diameter direction of the guide hole (131) is arranged along the plumb bob direction.

10. The swallowing action demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model body (10) is mounted on a tabletop of a display stand (40). A simulated ball recovery box (41) is provided inside the display stand (40). A through hole is provided at the lower end of the esophagus (11d). The through hole and the simulated ball recovery box (41) are connected by a conduit (42). A simulated ball removal hole (411) connected to the outside of the display stand (40) is provided on one side of the recovery box (41).

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