Circularly polarized unit antenna and multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna
By adjusting the positions of the upper and lower metal patches and resonance points in the circular polarized antenna, combined with the configuration of the ring insulator, the problems of large antenna size and narrow bandwidth are solved, bandwidth expansion and miniaturization are achieved, and gain is enhanced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422538285.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-08
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-10-21
AI Technical Summary
The existing circular polarized antennas are large in size and are difficult to expand bandwidth. Especially in C-band and Ku-band applications, ultra-wideband and thin thickness are difficult to achieve.
The upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are arranged at intervals. The lower metal patch is attached directly below the upper dielectric substrate. The feeder electrically connects the lower metal patch through the lower dielectric substrate, and widens the bandwidth by adjusting the resonance point position. At the same time, an annular insulator is arranged between the upper and lower substrates to improve gain.
It realizes bandwidth expansion and product miniaturization, enhances the gain of the antenna, and does not affect other performance parameters, making it easier to apply and promote.
Smart Images
Figure CN223206450U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of circularly polarized antennas, and in particular relates to a circularly polarized unit antenna and a multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna. Background Art
[0002] When an electromagnetic wave propagates through space, the direction of its electric field changes in a certain direction, and this change is the polarization of the electromagnetic wave. Based on the polarization mode of the electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic waves can be divided into linearly polarized waves, elliptically polarized waves, and circularly polarized waves. Specifically, electromagnetic waves whose electric field direction changes in a plane are called linearly polarized waves, those whose electric field direction changes in a rotational direction are called elliptically polarized waves, and those whose electric field direction changes in a rotational direction while the electric field amplitude remains unchanged are called circularly polarized waves. If the circularly polarized wave rotates clockwise in the direction of propagation, it is called right-hand circularly polarized, while if it rotates counterclockwise, it is called left-hand circularly polarized.
[0003] A circularly polarized antenna is used to transmit and receive circularly polarized waves. Right-handed circularly polarized waves require a right-handed circularly polarized antenna for transmission and reception, while left-handed circularly polarized waves require a left-handed circularly polarized antenna for transmission and reception. Otherwise, polarization loss, also known as polarization isolation, will occur. However, an interesting fact is that circularly polarized antennas can receive any form of linearly polarized waves, and the electromagnetic waves they radiate can also be received by any linearly polarized antenna. This characteristic allows for greater flexibility in both transmitting and receiving antennas, making circularly polarized antennas essential components in satellite communication systems.
[0004] In actual implementation, circularly polarized antennas are usually large in size, tall in profile, relatively bulky and difficult to assemble. In particular, for circularly polarized antennas used in satellite communications, most are reflective antennas, which are very thick and operate in a single frequency band, making the operating bandwidth relatively narrow when used for communications or radar. Due to the integration of multiple frequency bands in applications such as communications or radar, and the need for broadband circularly polarized phased arrays such as synthetic aperture radar or electronic countermeasures, as well as the thin thickness requirements for RCS (Radar Cross Section) in many scenarios, ultra-wideband thin circularly polarized antennas have a large application space. However, in the C band (i.e., the radio wave band with a frequency of 4 to 8 GHz) and the Ku band (i.e., the radio wave band with a frequency of 12 to 18 GHz), due to the relatively large size of the antenna, it is relatively difficult to achieve ultra-wideband and thin thickness. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a circularly polarized unit antenna and a multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna, so as to solve the problem that it is difficult to expand the bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna due to the relatively large antenna size.
[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0007] In a first aspect, a circularly polarized unit antenna is provided, comprising an upper dielectric substrate, an upper metal patch, a lower dielectric substrate, a lower metal patch, and a feeder, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is not grounded, and the lower dielectric substrate is grounded;
[0008] The upper metal patch is attached to the top surface of the upper dielectric substrate, the lower dielectric substrate is spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper dielectric substrate, and the lower metal patch is attached to the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate and spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper metal patch;
[0009] The feeding element passes through the lower dielectric substrate from bottom to top and is electrically connected to the lower metal patch.
[0010] Based on the above-mentioned utility model, a new circularly polarized antenna structure is provided for achieving bandwidth expansion and product miniaturization, namely, comprising an upper dielectric substrate, an upper metal patch, a lower dielectric substrate, a lower metal patch and a feeding element, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is not grounded, the lower dielectric substrate is grounded, the upper metal patch is attached to the top surface of the upper dielectric substrate, the lower dielectric substrate is spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper dielectric substrate, the lower metal patch is attached to the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate and spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper metal patch, and the feeding element passes through the lower dielectric substrate from bottom to top and is electrically connected to the lower metal patch. In this way, two resonance points can be provided by the upper and lower metal patches, and the two resonance points are adjusted to be close to each other, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the antenna bandwidth, while facilitating product miniaturization and facilitating practical application and promotion.
[0011] In a possible design, the invention further includes an annular insulator, an inner annular metal foil, and an outer annular metal foil, wherein the inner annular metal foil is attached to the inner wall surface of the annular insulator, and the outer annular metal foil is attached to the outer wall surface of the annular insulator;
[0012] The annular insulator is disposed between the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate, with the top annular opening of the annular insulator in contact with the bottom surface of the upper dielectric substrate, and the bottom annular opening of the annular insulator in contact with the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate;
[0013] The bottom annular opening of the annular insulator surrounds the lower metal patch at intervals.
[0014] In a possible design, the annular insulator adopts a square annular structure, a circular annular structure, or a regular polygonal annular structure.
[0015] In one possible design, the space surrounded by the upper dielectric substrate, the lower dielectric substrate, and the annular insulator is filled with air or a high dielectric constant medium.
[0016] In a possible design, the inner ring metal foil or the outer ring metal foil is aluminum foil.
[0017] In one possible design, the upper dielectric substrate further includes a plurality of insulating screws, and the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of first threaded through holes corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of insulating screws; and the lower dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of second threaded through holes corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of insulating screws and the plurality of first threaded through holes, wherein the second threaded through holes are located directly below the corresponding first threaded through holes.
[0018] The spacing between the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate is controlled by the insulating screws that pass through the corresponding first threaded through holes and the second threaded through holes in sequence.
[0019] In a possible design, the insulating screw is made of rubber.
[0020] In a possible design, the feeding element adopts a coaxial line.
[0021] In one possible design, when the lower metal patch adopts a circular patch with a radius of r2, the feeding point is located on the diameter line of the circular patch and the distance from the feeding point to the nearest end point of the diameter line is η×r2, where the feeding point refers to the electrical connection point between the coaxial line and the lower metal patch, and η represents a positive number less than or equal to 0.1.
[0022] In a second aspect, a multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna is provided, comprising an upper dielectric substrate, a plurality of upper metal patches, a lower dielectric substrate, a plurality of lower metal patches, and a feed element, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is not grounded, the lower dielectric substrate is grounded, and the plurality of lower metal patches correspond one-to-one to the plurality of upper metal patches;
[0023] The plurality of upper metal patches are attached to the top surface of the upper dielectric substrate at equal intervals in a circular direction, the lower dielectric substrate is arranged directly below the upper dielectric substrate at intervals, and the plurality of lower metal patches are attached to the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate at equal intervals in a circular direction, and the lower metal patches are arranged directly below the corresponding upper metal patches at intervals;
[0024] The feeding element adopts a one-to-many equal-division power divider with a rotating feeding network structure, and makes the multiple output ends of the one-to-many equal-division power divider correspond one-to-one with the multiple lower metal patches, and each of the multiple output ends passes through the lower dielectric substrate from bottom to top and is electrically connected to the corresponding lower metal patch.
[0025] Beneficial effects of the above scheme:
[0026] (1) The present invention provides a novel circularly polarized antenna structure for achieving bandwidth expansion and product miniaturization, namely, comprising an upper dielectric substrate, an upper metal patch, a lower dielectric substrate, a lower metal patch and a feeder, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is not grounded, the lower dielectric substrate is grounded, the upper metal patch is attached to the top surface of the upper dielectric substrate, the lower dielectric substrate is spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper dielectric substrate, the lower metal patch is attached to the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate and spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper metal patch, the feeder passes through the lower dielectric substrate from bottom to top and is electrically connected to the lower metal patch, so that two resonance points can be provided by the upper and lower metal patches, and the two resonance points can be adjusted to be close to each other, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the antenna bandwidth, while facilitating product miniaturization and facilitating practical application and promotion;
[0027] (2) By configuring a ring-shaped insulator between the upper and lower substrates, the gain can be effectively improved without affecting other performance parameters;
[0028] (3) A new multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna structure is also provided to achieve bandwidth expansion and product miniaturization, which can achieve the purpose of widening the bandwidth of the multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna, while being conducive to product miniaturization, and can also effectively improve the gain without affecting other performance parameters, which is convenient for practical application and promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.
[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the oblique top view structure of the circularly polarized unit antenna provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left side structure of the circularly polarized unit antenna provided by an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0032] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the oblique upward structure of the circularly polarized unit antenna provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the feeding point and the underlying metal patch provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the oblique top view of the structure of the multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom-up structure of the multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0036] In the above drawings: 10 - upper dielectric substrate; 11 - upper metal patch; 20 - lower dielectric substrate; 21 - lower metal patch; 30 - feeder; 31 - output end; 40 - ring insulator; 50 - insulating screw; 60 - covering insulating plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the drawings and the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structures of the drawings is only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these embodiments without creative work. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
[0038] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various objects, these objects should not be limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one object from another. For example, a first object can be referred to as a second object, and similarly, a second object can be referred to as a first object without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
[0039] It should be understood that the term "and / or" that may appear in this document is merely a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can indicate three situations: A exists alone, B exists alone, or A and B exist at the same time. For another example, A, B and / or C can indicate the existence of any one of A, B and C or any combination of them. The term " / and" that may appear in this document describes another type of association object relationship, indicating that there may be two relationships. For example, A / and B can indicate two situations: A exists alone or A and B exist at the same time. In addition, the character " / " that may appear in this document generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
[0040] Example 1
[0041] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the circularly polarized unit antenna provided in this embodiment includes but is not limited to an upper dielectric substrate 10, an upper metal patch 11, a lower dielectric substrate 20, a lower metal patch 21, and a feeding element 30, wherein the upper dielectric substrate 10 is not grounded, and the lower dielectric substrate 20 is grounded; the upper metal patch 11 is attached to the top surface of the upper dielectric substrate 10, the lower dielectric substrate 20 is spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper dielectric substrate 10, the lower metal patch 21 is attached to the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate 20 and spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper metal patch 11; the feeding element 30 passes through the lower dielectric substrate 20 from bottom to top and is electrically connected to the lower metal patch 21.
[0042] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, in the specific structure of the circularly polarized unit antenna, the upper dielectric substrate 10 is used to carry the upper metal patch 11 and other components, and can be made of, but not limited to, FR-4 grade material (with a relative dielectric constant of 4.7 and a tangent loss of 0.03). The upper metal patch 11 is used as a parasitic patch relative to the main radiating patch to add a new resonance point, and can be implemented by, but not limited to, a circular copper patch. The lower dielectric substrate 20 is used to carry the lower metal patch 21 and other components, and can be made of, but not limited to, FR-4 grade material, and its size needs to be slightly larger than the upper dielectric substrate 10. The lower metal patch 21 is used as the main radiating patch to provide an originally required resonance point, and can be implemented by, but not limited to, a circular copper patch, and its size needs to be slightly larger than the upper metal patch 11. The feeder 30 is used to feed the main radiating patch, and can be implemented by, but not limited to, a coaxial line. In addition, the upper dielectric substrate 10 is not grounded, and the lower dielectric substrate 20 is grounded, which can effectively improve the antenna performance. In order to increase the size of the ground wire, preferably, the lower dielectric substrate 20 is grounded through a metal layer attached to the bottom surface of the lower dielectric substrate 20. The aforementioned metal layer can be specifically but not limited to a copper layer.
[0043] Since the upper metal patch 11 and the lower metal patch 21 each provide a resonance point, a resonance point can be found based on the antenna operating frequency, and the newly added resonance point is made a high-frequency resonance point relative to the resonance point, and the originally required resonance point is made a low-frequency resonance point relative to the resonance point. Then, by adjusting the radius r1 of the upper metal patch 11 and the radius r2 of the lower metal patch 21, the two resonance points are brought closer to each other, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the antenna bandwidth. The specific adjustment process of the aforementioned radius can first be calculated using a classical formula based on the antenna operating frequency, substrate thickness, and substrate relative dielectric constant, and then the radius of the upper metal patch 11 is adjusted near the initial radius. Finally, through simulation optimization, the final radius of the upper metal patch 11 and the lower metal patch 21 is obtained. In addition, the upper metal patch 11 and the lower metal patch 21 are equivalent to forming a capacitor, and the spacing between the upper dielectric substrate 10 and the lower dielectric substrate 20 can be determined through simulation optimization.
[0044] Preferably, it further includes an annular insulator 40, an inner ring metal foil and an outer ring metal foil, wherein the inner ring metal foil is attached to the inner wall surface of the annular insulator 40, and the outer ring metal foil is attached to the outer wall surface of the annular insulator 40; the annular insulator 40 is arranged between the upper dielectric substrate 10 and the lower dielectric substrate 20, and the top annular opening of the annular insulator 40 contacts the bottom surface of the upper dielectric substrate 10, and the bottom annular opening of the annular insulator 40 contacts the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate 20; the bottom annular opening of the annular insulator 40 surrounds the lower metal patch 21 at intervals. Figures 1-2 As shown, the annular insulator 40 is used to form a frame between the upper dielectric substrate 10 and the lower dielectric substrate 20, which can effectively improve the gain without affecting other performance parameters. Specifically, the annular insulator 40 can be made of, but not limited to, rubber; the annular insulator 40 can be, but not limited to, a square annular structure, a circular annular structure, or a regular polygonal annular structure ( Figures 1-2 (shown as a square ring structure); the inner ring metal foil or the outer ring metal foil can be, but is not limited to, aluminum foil. Furthermore, the space enclosed by the upper dielectric substrate 10, the lower dielectric substrate 20, and the ring-shaped insulator 40 is filled with air or a high-k dielectric (defined relative to the gate dielectric material SiO2; any dielectric constant greater than 3.9 for SiO2 is generally considered a high-k dielectric). This further facilitates miniaturization (i.e., the higher the relative dielectric constant, the shorter the wavelength in the dielectric, and the smaller the required size, thus facilitating miniaturization).
[0045] Preferably, the upper dielectric substrate 10 further comprises a plurality of insulating screws 50, and a plurality of first threaded through holes corresponding to the plurality of insulating screws 50 are opened on the upper dielectric substrate 10, and a plurality of second threaded through holes corresponding to the plurality of insulating screws 50 and the plurality of first threaded through holes are opened on the lower dielectric substrate 20, wherein the second threaded through holes are located directly below the corresponding first threaded through holes; the spacing between the upper dielectric substrate 10 and the lower dielectric substrate 20 is controlled by the insulating screws 50 passing through the corresponding first threaded through holes and the second threaded through holes in sequence. Figures 1-2 As shown, there are four insulating screws 50, which not only play a role in fixing the upper and lower substrates, but also play a role in controlling the distance between the upper and lower substrates. In addition, the insulating screws 50 can be made of, but are not limited to, rubber.
[0046] Preferably, when the lower metal patch 21 is a circular patch with a radius of r2, the feeding point is located on the diameter line of the circular patch and the distance from the feeding point to the nearest end point of the diameter line is η×r2, wherein the feeding point refers to the electrical connection point between the coaxial line and the lower metal patch 21, and η represents a positive number less than or equal to 0.1. In this way, the feeding point can be adjusted to a position close to the edge of the patch, thereby lengthening the path of the entire current flowing through the patch, increasing the electrical size and reducing the physical size, which is further conducive to miniaturization. Figure 4 As shown, the feed point is denoted by P, the closest endpoint of the diameter line is denoted by A, and the farthest endpoint of the diameter line is denoted by B. By adjusting the position of the feed point P, the lengths of the line segments PA and PB can be changed to achieve 50 ohm impedance matching and antenna miniaturization. For example, if the radius r2 of the circular patch is 10.6 mm, after simulation optimization, the length of the line segment PA is 0.6 mm, and the length of the line segment PB is 20.6 mm, that is, the value of η is 0.0566.
[0047] Preferably, it further comprises a covering insulating plate 60, wherein the covering insulating plate 60 covers the upper metal patch 11. Figure 2 As shown, the configuration of the cover insulating plate 60 can optimize the measurement results of the parameter S(1,1). Specifically, the cover insulating plate 60 can be made of, but is not limited to, plastic. Furthermore, the thickness and size of the cover insulating plate 30 can be specifically determined through simulation optimization.
[0048] In summary, the circularly polarized unit antenna provided in this embodiment has the following technical effects:
[0049] (1) This embodiment provides a novel circularly polarized antenna structure for achieving bandwidth expansion and product miniaturization, namely, comprising an upper dielectric substrate, an upper metal patch, a lower dielectric substrate, a lower metal patch, and a feeder, wherein the upper dielectric substrate is not grounded, the lower dielectric substrate is grounded, the upper metal patch is attached to the top surface of the upper dielectric substrate, the lower dielectric substrate is spaced apart and disposed directly below the upper dielectric substrate, the lower metal patch is attached to the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate and spaced apart and disposed directly below the upper metal patch, the feeder passes through the lower dielectric substrate from bottom to top and is electrically connected to the lower metal patch, thereby providing two resonance points through the upper and lower metal patches, and adjusting the two resonance points so as to be close to each other, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the antenna bandwidth, and at the same time facilitating product miniaturization, and facilitating practical application and promotion;
[0050] (2) By configuring a ring-shaped insulator between the upper and lower substrates, the gain can be effectively improved without affecting other performance parameters.
[0051] Example 2
[0052] Based on the technical solution of Example 1, this embodiment further provides a multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna, including but not limited to an upper dielectric substrate 10, multiple upper metal patches 11, a lower dielectric substrate 20, multiple lower metal patches 21 and a feeding element 30, wherein the upper dielectric substrate 10 is not grounded, the lower dielectric substrate 20 is grounded, the multiple lower metal patches 21 correspond one to one with the multiple upper metal patches 11; the multiple upper metal patches 11 are attached to the top surface of the upper dielectric substrate 10 at equal intervals in a circular direction, and the lower dielectric substrate 20 is arranged at intervals on the upper dielectric substrate 10. Directly below the dielectric substrate 10, the multiple lower metal patches 21 are circumferentially and evenly attached to the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate 20, and the lower metal patches 21 are spaced apart and arranged directly below the corresponding upper metal patches 11; the feeding element 30 adopts a one-to-many equal-division power divider with a rotating feeding network structure, and the multiple output ends 31 of the one-to-many equal-division power divider correspond one-to-one to the multiple lower metal patches 21, and each of the multiple output ends 31 passes through the lower dielectric substrate 20 from bottom to top and is electrically connected to the corresponding lower metal patch 21.
[0053] like Figures 5-6 As shown, in the specific structure of the multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna, the number of the upper metal patches 11 is exemplified as 3 (i.e., the circumferential phase difference between any two upper metal patches 11 is 120 degrees), the number of the lower metal patches 21 is also exemplified as 3 (i.e., the circumferential phase difference between any two lower metal patches 21 is 120 degrees), and the one-way multi-equal power divider is exemplified as a one-way three-equal power divider. The specific technical details of the upper dielectric substrate 10, the upper metal patches 11, the dielectric substrate 20, and the lower metal patches 21 can be derived with reference to Example 1 and will not be repeated here. The one-way multi-equal power divider is used to feed the multiple lower metal patches 21 with equal power and provide a certain phase difference (e.g., 120 degrees). In this way, through the above-mentioned specific structure, the purpose of widening the bandwidth of the multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna can also be achieved, while being conducive to product miniaturization and convenient for practical application and promotion.
[0054] Preferably, it further includes a plurality of annular insulators 40 corresponding to the plurality of lower metal patches 21, wherein aluminum foil is attached to the inner and outer wall surfaces of the annular insulators 40 respectively; the annular insulators 40 are arranged between the upper dielectric substrate 10 and the lower dielectric substrate 20, and the top annular opening of the annular insulator 40 contacts the bottom surface of the upper dielectric substrate 10, and the bottom annular opening of the annular insulator 40 contacts the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate 20; the bottom annular opening of the annular insulator 40 surrounds the corresponding lower metal patches 21 at intervals. Figure 5 As shown, the number of the annular insulators 40 is, for example, three and they are arranged at equal intervals in the annular direction, and three frames are formed between the upper dielectric substrate 10 and the lower dielectric substrate 20, which can effectively improve the gain without affecting other performance parameters. Specifically, the annular insulator 40 can be made of, but not limited to, rubber; the annular insulator 40 can be, but not limited to, a square annular structure, a circular annular structure, or a regular polygonal annular structure. Figure 5 In addition, the space surrounded by the upper dielectric substrate 10, the lower dielectric substrate 20 and the annular insulator 40 is filled with air or a high dielectric constant medium, which can further facilitate miniaturization.
[0055] Preferably, the upper dielectric substrate 10 or the lower dielectric substrate 20 is made of FR-4 grade material.
[0056] Preferably, the lower dielectric substrate 20 is grounded via a metal layer attached to the bottom surface of the lower dielectric substrate 20 .
[0057] In summary, the multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna provided by this embodiment has the following technical effects:
[0058] (1) This embodiment provides a novel multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna structure that achieves bandwidth expansion and product miniaturization. It can achieve the purpose of widening the bandwidth of the multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna, while being conducive to product miniaturization. It can also effectively improve the gain without affecting other performance parameters, which is convenient for practical application and promotion.
[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A circularly polarized unit antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper dielectric substrate (10), an upper metal patch (11), a lower dielectric substrate (20), a lower metal patch (21) and a feeding element (30), wherein the upper dielectric substrate (10) is not grounded and the lower dielectric substrate (20) is grounded; The upper metal patch (11) is attached to the top surface of the upper dielectric substrate (10), the lower dielectric substrate (20) is spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper dielectric substrate (10), and the lower metal patch (21) is attached to the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate (20) and spaced apart and arranged directly below the upper metal patch (11); The feeding element (30) passes through the lower dielectric substrate (20) from bottom to top and is electrically connected to the lower metal patch (21).
2. The circularly polarized unit antenna according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes an annular insulator (40), an inner annular metal foil, and an outer annular metal foil, wherein the inner annular metal foil is attached to the inner wall surface of the annular insulator (40), and the outer annular metal foil is attached to the outer wall surface of the annular insulator (40); The annular insulator (40) is arranged between the upper dielectric substrate (10) and the lower dielectric substrate (20), and the top annular opening of the annular insulator (40) contacts the bottom surface of the upper dielectric substrate (10), and the bottom annular opening of the annular insulator (40) contacts the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate (20); The bottom annular opening of the annular insulator (40) surrounds the lower metal patch (21) at intervals.
3. The circularly polarized unit antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The annular insulator (40) adopts a square annular structure, a circular annular structure or a regular polygonal annular structure.
4. The circularly polarized unit antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The space surrounded by the upper dielectric substrate (10), the lower dielectric substrate (20) and the annular insulator (40) is filled with air or a high dielectric constant medium.
5. The circularly polarized unit antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The inner ring metal foil or the outer ring metal foil is made of aluminum foil.
6. The circularly polarized unit antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The invention also includes a plurality of insulating screws (50), and a plurality of first threaded through holes corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of insulating screws (50) are opened on the upper dielectric substrate (10), and a plurality of second threaded through holes corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of insulating screws (50) and the plurality of first threaded through holes are opened on the lower dielectric substrate (20), wherein the second threaded through holes are located directly below the corresponding first threaded through holes. The upper dielectric substrate (10) and the lower dielectric substrate (20) are spaced apart by the insulating screws (50) that sequentially pass through the corresponding first threaded through holes and the second threaded through holes.
7. The circularly polarized unit antenna according to claim 6, wherein: The insulating screw (50) is made of rubber material.
8. The circularly polarized unit antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The feeding element (30) adopts a coaxial line.
9. The circularly polarized unit antenna according to claim 8, wherein: When the lower metal patch (21) is a circular patch with a radius of r2, the feeding point is located on the diameter line of the circular patch and the distance from the feeding point to the nearest end point of the diameter line is η×r2, wherein the feeding point refers to the electrical connection point between the coaxial line and the lower metal patch (21), and η represents a positive number less than or equal to 0.
1.
10. A multi-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper dielectric substrate (10), a plurality of upper metal patches (11), a lower dielectric substrate (20), a plurality of lower metal patches (21), and a feeding element (30), wherein the upper dielectric substrate (10) is not grounded, the lower dielectric substrate (20) is grounded, and the plurality of lower metal patches (21) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of upper metal patches (11); The plurality of upper metal patches (11) are attached to the top surface of the upper dielectric substrate (10) at equal intervals in a circular direction, the lower dielectric substrate (20) is arranged at intervals directly below the upper dielectric substrate (10), and the plurality of lower metal patches (21) are attached to the top surface of the lower dielectric substrate (20) at equal intervals in a circular direction, and the lower metal patches (21) are arranged at intervals directly below the corresponding upper metal patches (11); The feeding element (30) adopts a one-to-many equal-division power distributor in a rotating feeding network structure, and makes the multiple output ends (31) of the one-to-many equal-division power distributor correspond to the multiple lower metal patches (21) one by one, and each output end (31) of the multiple output ends (31) passes through the lower dielectric substrate (20) from bottom to top and is electrically connected to the corresponding lower metal patch (21).