Dam body structure based on ecological fish reef

Abstract

The dam body structure based on the ecological fish reef comprises a dam body, the width of the dam body is gradually reduced from bottom to top, the dam body comprises a dam root, a dam body and a dam head, the dam body is formed by splicing a plurality of dam body single bodies with water permeable holes, the dam body single bodies are in a fishbone shape after being spliced, and the dam body single bodies are connected through the water permeable holes. At least one layer of artificial fish reef formed by splicing ecological fish reef single bodies is laid on the downstream slopes of the dam root, the dam body and the dam head. By means of the structure, a migratory and inhabiting channel can be provided for fishes, inhabiting of fishes and plankton behind the dam body is facilitated, migratory fish protection is achieved, the ecological protection effect is improved, and the ecological environment is better protected and restored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of river regulation buildings, in particular to a dam structure based on ecological fish reefs. Background Art

[0002] Ecological river channels are achieved by incorporating ecological principles into traditional river channel construction and improvement, and conducting ecological design of the project based on the current status and functions of the river channel, thereby constructing a river channel water ecosystem and riverbank ecosystem that conforms to the ecological characteristics of the river basin and region, and creating an ecological environment suitable for the survival of aquatic organisms in the river channel.

[0003] Traditional river regulation structures, such as spur dikes, can protect riverbanks. While they can prevent water from directly eroding the riverbanks and causing scouring damage, they can also improve navigation and maintain river conditions. However, these channel regulation projects can degrade habitats and even lead to the loss of existing habitats, negatively impacting the survival of animals within the river. The displacement of shoals also destroys fish spawning grounds. Therefore, while spur dikes divert water and sediment to meet navigational depths, they also disrupt river ecosystems, causing damage to the aquatic environment and significantly hindering fish migration.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the applicant has designed a spur dam structure and applied for patent ZL201821932365.8. The spur dam structure of this patent includes a dam body with an overall trapezoidal cross-section. The dam body extends into the river along the river bank and the upper surface is exposed to the river surface. A migratory channel connecting the upstream and downstream sides of the dam body is also provided in the dam body, and the lower surface of the migratory channel is located below the river surface.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned spur dike structure is not effective in helping fish migration and protecting the ecology, which has become a problem that needs to be further considered and solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0006] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a dam structure based on ecological fish reefs. Through the permeable dam body design and the setting of ecological rods, it can be more conducive to the protection of migratory fish, improve the ecological protection effect, and better protect and restore the ecological environment compared with the existing technology.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present utility model is as follows:

[0008] A dam structure based on ecological fish reefs, the key of which is that it includes a dam body with a width gradually decreasing from bottom to top, and the dam body includes a dam root, a dam body and a dam head, wherein the dam body is spliced together by multiple dam body monomers with permeable holes, and the multiple dam body monomers are spliced together to form a fishbone shape, and at least one layer of artificial fish reefs spliced together by ecological fish reef monomers is laid on the back slope of the dam root, dam body and dam head.

[0009] Furthermore, the water-facing slope of the dam body consists of an upper curved section and a lower reverse arc section.

[0010] Furthermore, the backwater slope of the dam body consists of a curved section at the top, a straight section at the middle and an anti-arc section at the bottom.

[0011] Furthermore, the slope of the upstream slope of the dam body is greater than the slope of the downstream slope.

[0012] Furthermore, the slope of the upstream slope of the dam body is 1:1.3, and the slope of the downstream slope of the dam body is 1:3.5.

[0013] Furthermore, the water permeable hole extends from the bottom of the dam body to three quarters of the height of the dam body.

[0014] Furthermore, the ecological fish reef unit includes a fish reef body, a fastener and an ecological rod. The fish reef body is a rhombus-shaped structure, and two opposite surfaces of the fish reef body are respectively provided with a connector and a slot matching the connector. At least one through hole is opened on the fish reef body, and at least one ecological rod is fixed in the through hole by a fastener.

[0015] Furthermore, the fastener includes a C-shaped fastening portion, which is fixed in the through hole by a screw. An introduction portion is connected to each of the two ends of the opening of the fastening portion through a limiting portion, and the distance between the two introduction portions gradually decreases from the outside to the inside.

[0016] Furthermore, the eco-rod includes an inner tube and an outer tube mounted on the outside of the inner tube. The center of the inner tube is filled with biological rock. The outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube are connected by a supporting frame. A polymer biofilm is filled between the inner tube and the outer tube.

[0017] Furthermore, the four side surfaces of the fish reef body are all provided with through holes connected to the through holes.

[0018] The remarkable effects of the utility model are:

[0019] 1. Under the premise of not affecting the regulation effect and the stability of the dam body, in order to reduce the impact of the regulation structure on the fish habitats of the nearby river ecosystem, the utility model chooses to open holes in the dam body to increase the connectivity of the fish habitat. The dam body with holes has both ecological and regulation effects, which can ensure that the channel regulation function is not affected. The hydrological and geomorphological conditions around the dam body are more conducive to the habitat of fish and plankton behind the dam body.

[0020] 2. The dam body is composed of the dam head, dam body and dam root, and the dam body is composed of dam body units with water-permeable holes. This not only facilitates the construction of the dam structure, but also forms fishways through the water-permeable holes, which can provide fish with channels for migration and habitation, and is conducive to weakening complex flow patterns, reducing water flow velocity, and helping fish avoid dangerous water flow conditions.

[0021] 3. Artificial fish reefs composed of ecological fish reef units are laid on the back slope of the dam body. The organic matter, nutrients and other nutrient matrices contained in the ecological fish reef units can be used to attract phytoplankton, zooplankton and other bait organisms, thereby forming an environment conducive to the survival and play of fish. This is more conducive to the protection of migratory fish, improving the ecological protection effect, and better protecting and restoring the ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the dam body monomer of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the dam body monomer of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an artificial reef;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of an ecological fish reef monomer;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of a fastener;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the eco-stick. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The distance implementation method and working principle of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment proposes a dam structure based on ecological fish reefs, including a dam body 100 with a width gradually decreasing from bottom to top, wherein the dam body 100 is composed of a dam root 3, a dam body and a dam head 1, wherein the dam body is composed of a plurality of dam body monomers 2 with permeable holes 2, and the splicing of the dam body monomers 2 can be achieved by cement mortar or a special adhesive. After splicing, the plurality of dam body monomers 2 are in a fishbone shape, and at least one layer of artificial fish reefs 5 composed of ecological fish reef monomers is laid on the back slope of the dam root 3, the dam body and the dam head 1, and the ecological fish reef monomers are distributed in an array to reduce the difficulty of construction.

[0031] Since the dam structure must first consider smoothing the downstream water flow so that it connects smoothly with the downstream water flow and reduces the scouring of the riverbed by the downstream water flow, drawing on the characteristics of the overflow surface of the overflow weir in water conservancy projects, such as smooth water flow, no adverse negative pressure and cavitation damage, simple shape, low cost, and easy construction, the water-facing slope of the dam body 100 is composed of an upper curved segment and a lower reverse arc segment; the water-facing slope of the dam body 100 is composed of an upper curved segment, a middle straight segment, and a lower reverse arc segment, and the middle straight segment is tangent to the upper curved segment and the lower reverse arc segment.

[0032] from Figure 2 It can also be seen that the slope of the upstream slope of the dam body 100 is greater than the slope of the downstream slope. Specifically, the slope of the upstream slope of the dam body 100 is 1:1.3, and the slope of the downstream slope of the dam body 100 is 1:3.5.

[0033] Dam head 1 is directly impacted by the water flow. Its planar profile determines the intensity of the vortex. The smoother the curve of dam head 1, the less erosion. Therefore, this example uses a streamlined dam head surface. Based on the dam body surface, the structure of dam head 1 is derived by extending it along a curve with a slope of 1:3.

[0034] During the specific implementation process, the water permeable hole 2 needs to be adaptively selected according to the flow and water level information of the fish spawning ground in the river section. In order to avoid affecting the structural strength of the dam body, it is appropriate to extend from the bottom of the dam body monomer 2 to three-quarters of the height of the dam body monomer 2.

[0035] See attached Figure 5 -Attached Figure 7 The ecological fish reef unit includes a fish reef body 51, a fastener 55 and an ecological rod 56. The fish reef body 51 is a rhombus-shaped structure. Two opposite surfaces of the fish reef body 51 are respectively provided with a connector 53 and a slot 54 that matches the connector 53. Two through holes 52 are opened on the fish reef body 51, and an ecological rod 56 is fixed in each of the through holes 52 by a fastener 55.

[0036] The above-mentioned fish reef body 51 forms a fish migration channel through the opening of two through holes 52, which can provide a channel for fish to migrate and live, which is conducive to weakening complex flow states, reducing water flow velocity, and helping fish avoid dangerous water flow conditions; and an ecological rod 56 is set in the migration channel, and the organic matter, nutrient salts and other nutrient matrices of the ecological rod 56 are used to form an attracting effect on bait organisms such as phytoplankton and zooplankton, thereby forming an environment conducive to the survival and play of fish, which is more conducive to the protection of migratory fish, improving the ecological protection effect, and better protecting and repairing the ecological environment.

[0037] from Figure 4 and Figure 5It can also be seen that the fish reef body 51 adopts a rhombus-shaped structure with equal sides and one vertex angle of 60°. The two through holes 52 are both approximately equilateral triangles. The beam between the two through holes 52 divides the fish reef body 51 into two parts with consistent and symmetrical structures. Such a fish reef body 51 is not only convenient for construction, but also makes the artificial fish reef 5 formed by splicing more beautiful. The four side surfaces of the fish reef body 51 are all provided with through holes 57 connected to the through holes 52, thereby reducing the weight of the fish reef body 51 and facilitating production, transportation, and assembly. In addition, the plug-in connector 53 is a long strip-shaped structure arranged on both sides of the through hole 57 and arranged along the height direction of the fish reef body 51. Correspondingly, the slot 55 is a long strip-shaped groove arranged on both sides of the through hole 57 and arranged along the height direction of the fish reef body 51.

[0038] During specific implementation, the fish reef body 51 is formed in one step for easy prefabrication; it has a light weight, is easy to lift and install; has a large internal space, and is highly adaptable to fish schools; and can be used to create ecological fish nests to rebuild fish habitats in underwater shelter areas, and to improve underwater slope protection and footings of buildings.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the fastener 55 includes a C-shaped fastening portion 551, which is fixed in the through hole 52 by a screw 554. An introduction portion 553 is connected to each of the two ends of the opening of the fastening portion 551 through a limiting portion 552, and the distance between the two introduction portions 553 gradually decreases from the outside to the inside.

[0040] When it is necessary to fix the eco-rod 56, the eco-rod 56 is inserted into the fastening part 551 along the introduction part 553 through the limiting part 552. The limiting part 552 will be able to fix the eco-rod 56 well and prevent it from falling out of the fastener 55. At the same time, the introduction part 553 will reduce the difficulty of inserting the eco-rod 56 into the fastening part 551, thereby facilitating the installation of the eco-rod 56.

[0041] In some specific embodiments, the fastener 55 can be made of corrosion-resistant material to prevent the ecological stick 56 from falling off after long-term use. In addition, the two introduction parts 553 can be connected and fixed with bolts to further improve the firmness of the ecological stick 56.

[0042] like Figure 7 As shown, the eco-rod 56 includes an inner tube 561 and an outer tube 562 mounted on the outside of the inner tube 561. The center of the inner tube 561 is filled with biological rock 563. The outer wall of the inner tube 561 and the inner wall of the outer tube 562 are connected by a supporting skeleton 564. A polymer biofilm 565 is filled between the inner tube 561 and the outer tube 562.

[0043] Biorock 563 is made from natural volcanic rock. After crushing and screening, the volcanic rock ore is ground with active adsorbent added in a certain proportion. The ground powder is granulated and calcined at 1200°C using special high-temperature calcination equipment and processes to control the pore size and connectivity, ensuring uniform pores on the surface and within the material. After cooling, it is soaked in a complex solution containing bait microbial agents, nutrients, and protective agents at 25-35°C to pre-coat the biofilm. The soaked granules are finally dried at room temperature to form biorock. Polymer biofilm 565 is a pre-coated polyurethane biofilm. The inner and outer cylinders 561 and 562 are made of green HDPE polymer material, high-density polyethylene, and have a mesh structure. Polymer welding is used to connect the support frame 564 to the inner and outer cylinders 561 and 562.

[0044] The dam structure of this embodiment increases the connectivity of fish habitats by opening water-permeable holes 4 on the dam body without affecting the regulation effect and the stability of the dam body; the dam body with water-permeable holes 4 has both ecological effects and regulation effects, can ensure that the channel regulation function is not affected, and the hydrological and geomorphological conditions around the dam body are more conducive to the habitat of fish and plankton behind the dam body; at the same time, the dam body is spliced together by the dam head 1, the dam body, and the dam root 3, and the dam body is spliced together by the dam body monomers 2 with water-permeable holes 4, which not only facilitates the construction of the dam structure, but also forms a Fishways can provide fish with channels for migration and habitat, which is conducive to weakening complex flow patterns, reducing water flow velocity, and helping fish avoid dangerous water flow conditions. In addition, artificial fish reefs 5 composed of ecological fish reef units are laid on the back slope of the dam body. The organic matter, nutrients and other nutrient matrices carried by the ecological rods 56 in the ecological fish reef units can be used to form an attracting effect on bait organisms such as phytoplankton and zooplankton, thereby forming an environment conducive to the survival and play of fish, which is more conducive to the protection of migratory fish, improving the ecological protection effect, and better protecting and repairing the ecological environment.

[0045] The above is a detailed introduction to the technical solution provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only intended to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dam structure based on ecological fish reefs, comprising a dam body (100) with a width gradually decreasing from bottom to top, characterized in that: The dam body (100) comprises a dam root (3), a dam body and a dam head (1), wherein the dam body is formed by splicing together a plurality of dam body monomers (2) having water-permeable holes (4), and the plurality of dam body monomers (2) are spliced together to form a fishbone shape, and at least one layer of artificial fish reef (5) formed by splicing together ecological fish reef monomers is laid on the back slope of the dam root (3), the dam body and the dam head (1); The ecological fish reef unit comprises a fish reef body (51), a fastener (55) and an ecological rod (56); the fish reef body (51) is a rhombus-shaped structure; a plug-in connector (53) and a slot (54) matching the plug-in connector (53) are respectively provided on two opposite surfaces of the fish reef body (51); at least one through hole (52) is opened on the fish reef body (51); and at least one ecological rod (56) is fixed in the through hole (52) via a fastener (55).

2. The ecological reef-based dam structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water-facing slope of the dam body (100) consists of an upper curved section and a lower reverse arc section.

3. The ecological reef-based dam structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The backwater slope of the dam body (100) consists of an upper curved section, a middle straight section, and a lower reverse arc section.

4. The ecological reef-based dam structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The slope of the upstream slope of the dam body (100) is greater than the slope of the downstream slope.

5. The ecological reef-based dam structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The slope of the upstream slope of the dam body (100) is 1:1.3, and the slope of the downstream slope of the dam body (100) is 1:3.

5.

6. The ecological reef-based dam structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water-permeable hole (4) extends from the bottom of the dam body monomer (2) to three-quarters of the height of the dam body monomer (2).

7. The ecological reef-based dam structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The fastener (55) comprises a C-shaped fastening portion (551), which is fixed in the through hole (52) via a screw (554). Two ends of the opening of the fastening portion (551) are connected to an introduction portion (553) via a limiting portion (552), respectively. The distance between the two introduction portions (553) gradually decreases from the outside to the inside.

8. The ecological reef-based dam structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The ecological stick (56) includes an inner tube (561) and an outer tube (562) mounted on the outside of the inner tube (561). The center of the inner tube (561) is filled with biological rock (563). The outer wall of the inner tube (561) and the inner wall of the outer tube (562) are connected by a supporting frame (564). A polymer biofilm (565) is filled between the inner tube (561) and the outer tube (562).

9. The ecological reef-based dam structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: Four side surfaces of the fish reef body (51) are provided with through holes (57) connected to the through holes (52).

Images