Phytoplankton filtering and enriching device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of sample separation, and provides a phytoplankton filtering and enriching device. The phytoplankton filtering and enriching device comprises supernate and a siphon for sucking the supernate, a suction inlet of the siphon is immersed in the supernate, a depth control mechanism is arranged at the suction inlet of the siphon and comprises at least two floating bodies, the floating bodies comprise the first floating body and the second floating body, the density of the first floating body is smaller than that of the supernate, and the density of the second floating body is smaller than that of the supernate. The density of the second floating body is larger than that of the supernate, and a connecting structure is arranged between the first floating body and the second floating body and connected with the outer wall of the siphon. According to the utility model, the position of the siphon is controlled, and a filtering structure is additionally arranged on the siphon, so that settled phytoplankton is prevented from being disturbed, and disturbed samples are prevented from being sucked; the phytoplankton sucked by mistake is adsorbed and refluxed, so that the loss of the target phytoplankton in the concentrated solution is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of sample separation and provides a phytoplankton filtering and enrichment device. Background Art

[0002] Phytoplankton are the core primary producers of aquatic ecosystems, and their species and density are key indicators for assessing water quality and ecological restoration effectiveness. According to the standard "HJ 1216-2021 Water Quality - Determination of Phytoplankton by Microscopic Counting," phytoplankton sample pretreatment must strictly follow the "fixation-sedimentation-siphon concentration-preservation" process. Traditional siphoning relies heavily on manual operation, requiring empirical judgment of siphon tube insertion depth and flow rate. Due to differences in operator skill, the following problems can easily arise: sedimentation disturbance. If the siphon tube is inserted too deep or the siphon flow rate is too fast, the impact of the water flow can resuspend settled phytoplankton. Without filtration protection, the siphon tube's front end lacks a filter structure, which can cause sample aspiration during siphoning due to this disturbance, resulting in a 10%-20% loss of the target in the concentrate. Furthermore, the rough interior and exterior walls of the siphon tube can easily introduce contamination or sample residue, causing some phytoplankton to adhere to the tube wall, resulting in a retention rate of 5%-8%, resulting in target loss in the concentrate. Prior art CN110736656B discloses a phytoplankton concentrating device comprising a concentrating cylinder and an outer sleeve disposed outside the concentrating cylinder. A guide tube extending vertically through the concentrating cylinder is installed, with the upper end of the guide tube extending out of the concentrating cylinder and the lower end of the guide tube adjacent to the bottom of the concentrating cylinder. A fixed liquid injection chamber is formed between the outer wall of the concentrating cylinder and the inner wall of the outer sleeve. A piston ring is installed in the fixed liquid injection chamber, connected to a piston rod. A plurality of one-way liquid inlet valves are installed in intervals from top to bottom on the side wall of the concentrating cylinder. A discharge hole is provided at the lower end of the concentrating cylinder, in which a discharge valve is installed. A lifting sleeve is mounted on the guide tube, with a mounting seat provided at the bottom of the lifting sleeve. The side wall of the mounting seat is provided with an annular groove, within which an annular isolation airbag is installed. The lifting sleeve is provided with a vent for inflating and deflating the isolation airbag. When inflated, the isolation airbag seals against the inner wall of the concentrating cylinder, sealing and isolating the cavity above the isolation airbag from the cavity below the isolation airbag within the concentrating cylinder. The inventors believe that there is significant room for improvement in the prior art. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to control the insertion depth of the siphon tube and add a filtering structure to the siphon tube to avoid disturbing the settled phytoplankton and avoiding the inhalation of disturbed samples. Secondly, it adsorbs and recirculates the phytoplankton that was accidentally inhaled, avoiding the loss of target phytoplankton in the concentrate. To this end, the present application provides a phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device, comprising a supernatant, a sample container containing the supernatant, and a siphon for drawing the supernatant. The siphon's suction port is immersed in the supernatant, and a depth control mechanism is provided at the siphon's suction port. The depth control mechanism comprises at least two floats, the floats comprising a first float and a second float, the density of the first float being less than that of the supernatant, and the density of the second float being greater than that of the supernatant. A connecting structure is provided between the first float and the second float, and the connecting structure is connected to the outer wall of the siphon. The filtration portion comprises a seepage pipe, the seepage pipe being perpendicular to the siphon, the length of the seepage pipe being matched to the sample container, a porous filter being provided at the junction of the seepage pipe and the siphon, a one-way valve being provided in the seepage pipe, and the liquid inlet and outlet of the seepage pipe being located at the top of the seepage pipe. The seepage pipe is further provided with a spiral portion and a one-way valve, the spiral portion being located between the liquid inlet of the seepage pipe and the siphon, and the axis of the spiral portion coinciding with the axis of the seepage pipe. The density of the first float is less than the density of the supernatant, and the first float always floats above the surface of the supernatant. The shell of the second float itself has a density greater than that of the supernatant, and the density of the internal medium is equal to that of the supernatant. The overall density of the second float is greater than the density of the supernatant, but less than the density of the sedimentation area of the phytoplankton sample. The utility model adopts density control of the first float and the second float so that the depth control mechanism is always located at a fixed distance between the sedimentation area and the boundary liquid surface of the supernatant during the siphoning process, that is, the position of the siphon tube is controlled to avoid disturbing the settled phytoplankton; the density of the second float can be controlled to be applicable to phytoplankton samples of different densities, and the depth control mechanism can be kept at a fixed distance from the top liquid surface of the supernatant in different samples, avoiding the need to manually control the insertion force of the siphon tube.

[0004] Preferably, the filtration mechanism further comprises a control unit, which is located on the outside of the siphon tube. The pore size of the porous filter is adjustable, and the material of the porous filter is a shape memory material. The shape memory polymer is selected from one or more of polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polycaprolactone, chitosan, epoxidized acrylate, cross-linked polyethylene, polynorbornene, trans-polyisoprene or styrene-butadiene copolymer. The elastic modulus of the above materials is relatively low, usually between 1-100 MPa, which is much lower than that of traditional filter screens. For example, the elastic modulus of stainless steel filter screens is 200 GPa. During filtration, the pore wall reduces the pressure on the target object and maintains the integrity of the phytoplankton cells.

[0005] Preferably, a heating component is provided inside the control unit, and the heating component is arranged around the siphon tube, and the shape memory polymer can change shape according to temperature. The change characteristics of the shape memory polymer between the initial shape, temporary shape, and recovery shape can accurately control the filter mesh aperture, achieve filtration accuracy adaptation for different phytoplankton species, and block different types of phytoplankton. For example, when the phytoplankton sample is mainly diatoms, the aperture is controlled at 150μm, and it can be adjusted to 5μm for cyanobacteria. Since the filter mesh aperture of the filter unit can change, after use, the filter mesh aperture changes, and impurities attached to the pore wall automatically fall off due to the change in the binding surface, without the need for cleaning.

[0006] Preferably, the heating component adopts an electromagnetic control, which forms a magnetic field in the heating component part, and a magnetic resin is provided on the inner wall of the siphon tube at the corresponding position of the heating component. The heating component adopts the electromagnetic control method to indirectly and integrally heat the filter part, avoiding the heating component directly heating the siphon tube and the phytoplankton sample, which causes damage to the siphon tube and the phytoplankton; the heating component heats the filter part as a whole to change the overall filter mesh aperture, avoiding the difference in the filter mesh aperture due to heat conduction, which affects the retention rate of the target object; after the magnetic resin is modified with one of chitosan or polyethyleneimine, the amino groups on the surface can generate electrostatic effects on the surface of phytoplankton during the operation of the electromagnetic control, specifically adsorb possible impurities and phytoplankton samples, and avoid cell damage to phytoplankton during the adsorption process.

[0007] Preferably, the connection structure includes a connection plate, the connection plate being provided with a first connection hole for the siphon tube, a control portion being provided at the first connection hole of the siphon tube, and a stopper being provided on the outer wall of the siphon tube, the stopper being engaged with the first connection hole of the siphon tube. The stopper provided on the outer wall of the siphon tube engages with the connection structure in the depth control mechanism, and after the siphon tube is inserted into the first connection hole of the siphon tube, the stopper on the outer wall of the siphon tube limits the insertion depth of the operator, thereby avoiding the need to rely on manual experience to determine the insertion depth of the siphon tube.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting plate is provided with a float connection hole group, and a connecting member is provided between the first float and the second float, and the connecting member passes through the connection hole group to connect the first float and the second float. The first float and the second float utilize a connection hole group, and the connection holes of the connection hole group are located in a straight line, so that the connecting member is located in a vertical plane and remains vertical. This prevents the first and second floats from rotating relative to each other, causing the connecting member and even the depth control mechanism to twist, thereby preventing compression of the siphon tube and interference with the supernatant liquid suction process.

[0009] Preferably, the second float is provided with a pipetting hole connected to the interior of the second float, and the interior of the second float contains a supernatant. The pipetting hole provided on the second float is filled with the supernatant, thereby avoiding the need to prepare a medium with a density equivalent to that of the sample supernatant and saving pre-processing time of the phytoplankton sample.

[0010] A method for filtering and enriching phytoplankton, wherein after the phytoplankton sample is precipitated, the supernatant of the sample is collected and injected into a second float, and the first float is filled with a medium having a density less than that of the supernatant. The first and second floats are provided with pipetting holes for filling the supernatant, avoiding the need to prepare a medium with a density equivalent to that of the sample supernatant. By controlling the density of the first and second floats, the depth control mechanism is always located at a fixed distance from the boundary liquid surface between the supernatant and the sedimentation area during the siphoning process, that is, the position of the siphon tube is controlled to avoid disturbing the settled phytoplankton; the density of the second float can be controlled to be applicable to phytoplankton samples of different densities, and the depth control mechanism is kept at a fixed distance from the top liquid surface of the supernatant in different samples, avoiding the need to manually control the insertion depth of the siphon tube.

[0011] Preferably, the control unit uses a heating component to heat a shape memory polymer to form a porous filter with a pore size that matches the diameter of the phytoplankton. Through electromagnetic control technology, the heating component indirectly and comprehensively heats the porous filter, ensuring that the siphon and phytoplankton sample are not damaged by direct contact with the heating element; at the same time, this comprehensive heating method ensures that the pore size of the porous filter changes evenly, preventing uneven pore size due to uneven heat conduction, which leads to a decrease in the retention rate of the target substance. In addition, after the magnetic resin is modified with chitosan or polyethyleneimine, its surface amino group can exert an electrostatic adsorption force on the alginate on the surface of phytoplankton under electromagnetic control, achieving specific capture of the sample and protecting the phytoplankton cells from damage during the adsorption process.

[0012] Preferably, after the electromagnetic control stops operating, the supernatant of the phytoplankton sample is drawn to flush the magnetic resin area on the inner wall of the siphon tube. After flushing, the liquid returns to the phytoplankton sample. Controlling the insertion depth of the siphon tube can avoid disturbing most settled phytoplankton. However, some phytoplankton will inevitably be sucked into the siphon tube. The electromagnetic control and magnetic resin will adsorb and retain the phytoplankton sucked into the siphon tube. After siphoning stops, the magnetic resin area is flushed to minimize target loss.

[0013] The utility model solves the problem in the prior art that the siphon tube is inserted too deep or the siphon speed is too fast, and the impact force of the water flow will cause the settled plankton to be re-suspended; the front end of the siphon tube lacks a filtering device, and the sample may be sucked in due to the above-mentioned disturbance during the siphoning process, resulting in the loss of target components in the concentrated liquid; the sample remains, and due to the rough inner and outer walls of the siphon tube, some plankton will adhere to the tube wall, which will also lead to the loss of target components in the concentrated liquid, and has the following beneficial effects: the filter mesh aperture can be accurately controlled to achieve filtration accuracy adaptation for different phytoplankton species and block different types of phytoplankton; the filter mesh aperture of the filter part can change, and after use, the filter mesh aperture changes, and impurities attached to the hole wall automatically fall off due to the change in the binding surface, without the need for cleaning; overall heating causes the overall filter mesh aperture to change, reducing the aperture difference during the change and improving the retention rate of the target object. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other implementation drawings based on the provided drawings without inventive effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a working diagram of a phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the depth control mechanism;

[0018] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a front view of a phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged view of the filtering part of the siphon;

[0020] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the right side of a phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device;

[0021] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of .

[0022] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1 first float; 2 second float; 21 pipetting hole; 3 siphon; 31 baffle; 4 depth control mechanism; 5 supernatant; 6 sedimentation area; 41 connecting plate; 42 heating component; 43 porous filter; 44 magnetic resin; 7 seepage pipe; 71 spiral part; 72 liquid inlet; 73 liquid outlet; 8 one-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device includes a supernatant 5, a sample container containing the supernatant 5, and a siphon 3 for drawing the supernatant 5. The suction port of the siphon 3 is immersed in the supernatant 5. A depth control mechanism 4 is provided at the suction port of the siphon 3. The depth control mechanism includes at least two floats, including a first float 1 and a second float 2. The first float 1 has a density less than that of the supernatant 5, while the second float 2 has a density greater than that of the supernatant 5. A connecting structure is provided between the first float 1 and the second float 2, and the connecting structure is connected to the outer wall of the siphon 3. A filtering mechanism is provided at the inlet of the siphon 3. The filtering mechanism includes a filtering portion, which includes a seepage pipe 7. The seepage pipe 7 is perpendicular to the siphon 3 and cooperates with the sample container. A porous filter screen 43 is provided at the junction of the seepage pipe 6 and the siphon 3. The seepage pipe 7 is provided with a one-way valve 8. The liquid inlet and outlet of the seepage pipe 7 are located at the top of the seepage pipe 7. The seepage pipeline is further provided with a spiral part and a one-way valve. The spiral part is located between the liquid inlet of the seepage pipeline and the siphon pipe. The axis of the spiral part coincides with the axis of the seepage pipeline.

[0026] Through the above-mentioned arrangement, the density of the first float 1 is less than the density of the supernatant 5, and the first float 1 always floats above the liquid surface of the supernatant 5. The shell of the second float 2 itself has a density greater than that of the supernatant 5, and the density of the internal medium is equal to that of the supernatant 5. The overall density of the second float 2 is greater than the density of the supernatant 5, but less than the density of the phytoplankton sample sedimentation area 6. The present invention adopts density control of the first float 1 and the second float 2 so that the depth control mechanism 4 is always located at a fixed distance from the boundary liquid surface between the supernatant 5 and the sedimentation area 6 during the siphoning process, that is, controls the position of the siphon tube 3 to avoid disturbing the settled phytoplankton; the density control of the second float 2 can be applied to phytoplankton samples of different densities, and the depth control mechanism 4 is kept at a fixed distance from the boundary liquid surface between the supernatant 5 and the sedimentation area 6 in different samples, avoiding the need for manual control of the position of the siphon tube 3. The supernatant 5 enters the seepage pipe 7 through the liquid inlet and liquid outlet at the top of the seepage pipe 7, mainly causing the fluid in the upper area of the seepage pipe 7 to flow, avoiding interference with the sedimentation area 6 below the seepage pipe; the liquid in the seepage pipe 7 flows parallel to the surface of the porous filter 43, and the pressure difference on both sides of the porous filter 43 is used to absorb the clear liquid, and the shear force of the supernatant 5 rubbing on the surface of the porous filter 43 is used. The magnitude of the shear force is positively correlated with the liquid flow rate, and the particles on the membrane surface are swept back into the mainstream liquid, thereby preventing phytoplankton from adhering to the porous filter 43 and reducing the loss of phytoplankton samples. The seepage pipe 7 buffers and redirects the suction generated by the siphon tube 3, so that the suction generated by the siphon tube 3 is mainly directed only to the clear liquid above the seepage pipe 7. The seepage pipe 7 is placed horizontally in the supernatant, which can maintain the balance of the phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device during the siphon process. The length of the seepage pipe 7 is close to the sample container, which can avoid the phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device being fixed in the sample container, avoid the device from moving during the siphon process, and avoid the formation of fluctuations that interfere with the separation of the sedimentation area and the supernatant.

[0027] Conventional devices are prone to liquid backflow due to pressure fluctuations within the siphon tube 3, such as the loss of negative pressure due to a drop in the liquid level. This can cause filtered supernatant 5 to flow back into the sample container, where it is re-mixed with unfiltered phytoplankton and impurities, resulting in a decrease in the purity of the enriched liquid. The seepage pipe 7 allows liquid to flow back from the siphon tube to the inlet 72 and outlet 73 of the seepage pipe. The openings of the outlet 73 and inlet 72 are oriented upward, effectively preventing backflow from contaminating and affecting the sedimentation area 6. When liquid flows through the spiral portion 71 between the inlet 72 and the siphon tube 3, a rotating flow is formed, driving phytoplankton along a spiral trajectory, reducing their accumulation on the filter surface and preventing filter clogging. The increased tangential velocity of the rotating flow and the perpendicular arrangement of the siphon tube 3 and the seepage pipe 7 facilitate the accelerated removal of the supernatant 5 from the seepage pipe 7 by the siphon tube 3, shortening the time it takes to draw the supernatant 5.

[0028] Combine Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a filtering mechanism is provided at the inlet of the siphon tube 3. The filtering mechanism comprises a control unit and a filtering unit. The control unit is located outside the siphon tube 3, while the filtering unit is located inside the siphon tube 3. The filtering unit comprises an adjustable porous filter 43. The filtering unit is made of a shape memory polymer. The shape memory polymer is selected from one or more of polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polycaprolactone, chitosan, epoxidized acrylate, cross-linked polyethylene, polynorbornene, trans-polyisoprene, or styrene-butadiene copolymer, and these materials may or may not be modified to possess shape memory properties. A heating device can precisely control the heating temperature based on the needs and material properties to achieve precise deformation. Shape memory polymers are functional materials that undergo phase changes under the influence of temperature and stress. They can be prepared using conventional polymer preparation methods to obtain their initial shape. Under external stimuli, such as temperature, they can change shape accordingly. If the external environment changes again in a specific manner and pattern, they can reversibly return to their initial state. This material has a two-phase structure: a stationary phase and a reversible phase. Taking temperature stimulation as an example, the stationary phase refers to the component in the material structure that can remember the initial shape of the material and is not affected by temperature; while the reversible phase refers to the component in the structure that undergoes reversible softening and hardening with changes in temperature. When the temperature is below the transition temperature, the molecular segments are in a frozen state and the shape of the material remains unchanged; when the temperature is above the transition temperature, the molecular segments are in a highly elastic state and can stretch under the action of external forces, or return to a curled state under the action of the stationary phase, and the material undergoes shape recovery behavior on a macroscopic scale. The elastic modulus of the above materials is relatively low, usually between 1-100MPa, which is much lower than that of traditional filter meshes. For example, the elastic modulus of stainless steel filter meshes is 200GPa. During filtration, the pore wall reduces the pressure on the target object and maintains the integrity of phytoplankton cells.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the connection structure includes a connecting plate 41, which is provided with a first connection hole for the siphon tube 3. A control unit is provided at the first connection hole of the siphon tube 3. A stopper 31 is provided on the outer wall of the siphon tube 3, which cooperates with the first connection hole of the siphon tube 3. The stopper 31 provided on the outer wall of the siphon tube 3 cooperates with the connection structure in the depth control mechanism 4. After the siphon tube 3 is inserted into the first connection hole of the siphon tube 3, the stopper on the outer wall of the siphon tube 3 limits the insertion depth of the operator, eliminating the need to rely on manual experience to judge the insertion depth of the siphon tube 3.

[0030] Connecting plate 41 is provided with a float connection hole group. A connector is provided between first float 1 and second float 2, and the connector passes through the connection hole group to connect first float 1 and second float 2. The first and second floats 1 and 2 utilize a connection hole group, with the connection holes of the connection hole group located in a straight line, so that the connector remains vertically positioned within a vertical plane. This prevents relative rotation between first and second floats 1 and 2, which could cause the connector and even depth control mechanism 4 to twist, thereby preventing compression of siphon tube 3 and interference with the suction process of supernatant 5.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, a heating element is installed within the control unit, surrounding the siphon tube 3. The shape memory polymer changes shape according to temperature. The shape memory polymer's ability to change shape from initial to temporary to restored shape allows for precise control of the filter pore size, adapting the filtration accuracy to different phytoplankton species and blocking them. For example, when the phytoplankton sample is primarily composed of diatoms, the pore size is controlled at 150μm, while it can be adjusted to 5μm for cyanobacteria. Since the filter pore size in the filtration unit can be adjusted, after use, the filter pore size changes, and impurities attached to the pore wall automatically fall off due to the change in the binding surface, eliminating the need for cleaning.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, the heating component 42 uses an electromagnetic control, which forms a magnetic field in the heating component 42. A magnetic resin 44 is provided on the inner wall of the siphon tube 3 at the corresponding position of the heating component 42. The heating component 42 uses electromagnetic control to indirectly and integrally heat the filter portion, preventing the heating component 42 from directly heating the siphon tube 3 and the phytoplankton sample and causing damage to the siphon tube 3 and the phytoplankton. The heating component 42 heats the entire filter portion to change the overall filter mesh aperture, preventing differences in the filter mesh aperture due to heat conduction from affecting the retention rate of the target object. The magnetic resin 44 is modified with chitosan or polyethyleneimine. The amino groups on the surface can generate an electrostatic effect on the surface of the phytoplankton during the operation of the electromagnetic control, specifically adsorbing possible impurities and phytoplankton samples, and avoiding cell damage to the phytoplankton during the adsorption process.

[0033] The second float 2 is provided with a pipetting hole 21 communicating with the interior of the second float 2, which contains the supernatant 5. The pipetting hole 21 provided on the second float 2 is filled with the supernatant 5, thereby avoiding the need to prepare a medium with a density comparable to that of the sample supernatant 5.

[0034] A phytoplankton filtration enrichment method involves adding 1% to 2% of the sample volume, for example, 10 to 20 mL of fixative to a 1000 mL water sample. The sample and fixative are then mixed evenly, and the sample bottle is slowly inverted to avoid violent shaking of the sample and ensure thorough mixing of the fixative and the sample. Recording is completed ≤2 hours after sampling, including the fixation time, type of fixative, and amount added. A circular settler made of glass or polypropylene, ≥30 cm in height, is used. After the phytoplankton sample settles, the supernatant is observed to be clear with a turbidity of ≤10 NTU, indicating that most of the phytoplankton has settled. The collected sample supernatant 5 is then injected into a second float 2, and the first float 1 is filled with a medium having a lower density than the supernatant 5. A pipetting port 21 is provided on the second float 2 to allow for the supernatant 5 to be filled, eliminating the need to prepare a medium with a density comparable to that of the sample supernatant 5 and saving time in phytoplankton sample pretreatment. By controlling the density of the first float 1 and the second float 2, the depth control mechanism 4 is always located at a fixed distance from the boundary liquid surface between the supernatant 5 and the sedimentation area 6 during the siphoning process, that is, the insertion position of the siphon tube 3 is controlled to avoid disturbing the settled phytoplankton; the density of the second float 2 can be controlled to be suitable for phytoplankton samples of different densities, and the depth control mechanism 4 can be kept at a fixed distance from the boundary liquid surface between the supernatant 5 and the sedimentation area 6 in the corresponding samples, avoiding the need to manually control the insertion position of the siphon tube 3.

[0035] The control unit uses a heating component 42 to heat a shape-memory polymer to form a porous filter 43 with a pore size that matches the diameter of the phytoplankton. Through electromagnetic control technology, the heating component 42 indirectly and comprehensively heats the porous filter 43, ensuring that the siphon 3 and the phytoplankton sample are not damaged by direct contact with the heating element. This comprehensive heating method also ensures that the pore size of the porous filter 43 varies uniformly, preventing uneven pore size caused by uneven heat conduction, which would lead to a decrease in the retention rate of the target substance. Furthermore, after the magnetic resin 44 is modified with chitosan or polyethyleneimine, its surface amino groups, under electromagnetic control, can exert an electrostatic adsorption force on the alginic acid on the surface of the phytoplankton, achieving specific capture of the sample and protecting the phytoplankton cells from damage during the adsorption process.

[0036] After the electromagnetic control stops operating, the supernatant 5 of the phytoplankton sample is drawn to flush the area on the inner wall of the siphon tube 3 where the magnetic resin 44 is located. After flushing, the liquid returns to the phytoplankton sample. Controlling the insertion depth of the siphon tube 3 can avoid disturbing most settled phytoplankton, but some phytoplankton will inevitably be drawn into the siphon tube 3. The electromagnetic control and magnetic resin 44 adsorb and retain the phytoplankton drawn into the siphon tube 3. After siphoning stops, the area where the magnetic resin 44 is located is flushed to minimize the loss of the target material.

[0037] The utility model solves the problem in the prior art that the siphon tube is inserted too deep or the siphon speed is too fast, and the impact force of the water flow will cause the settled plankton to be re-suspended; the front end of the siphon tube lacks a filtering device, and the sample may be sucked in due to the above-mentioned disturbance during the siphoning process, resulting in the loss of target components in the concentrated liquid; the sample remains, and due to the rough inner and outer walls of the siphon tube, some plankton will adhere to the tube wall, which will also lead to the loss of target components in the concentrated liquid, and has the following beneficial effects: the filter mesh aperture can be accurately controlled to achieve filtration accuracy adaptation for different phytoplankton species and block different types of phytoplankton; the filter mesh aperture of the filter part can change, and after use, the filter mesh aperture changes, and impurities attached to the hole wall automatically fall off due to the change in the binding surface, without the need for cleaning; overall heating causes the overall filter mesh aperture to change, reducing the aperture difference during the change and improving the retention rate of the target object.

[0038] The above embodiments and / or implementation methods are only used to illustrate the preferred embodiments and / or implementation methods for realizing the technology of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the technology of the present invention in any form. Any person skilled in the art may make slight changes to other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical means disclosed in the content of the present invention, but they should still be regarded as technologies or embodiments that are essentially the same as the present invention.

Claims

1. A phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device, comprising a supernatant (5), a sample container containing the supernatant (5), and a siphon (3) for attracting the supernatant (5), characterized in that: The suction port of the siphon tube (3) is immersed in the supernatant (5), and a depth control mechanism (4) is provided at the suction port of the siphon tube (3). The depth control mechanism (4) includes at least two floats, and the floats include a first float (1) and a second float (2). The density of the first float (1) is less than that of the supernatant (5), and the density of the second float (2) is greater than that of the supernatant (5). A connecting structure is provided between the first float (1) and the second float (2), and the connecting structure is connected to the outer wall of the siphon tube (3). The supernatant (5) is stored in the second float. A filtering mechanism is provided at the inlet of the siphon tube (3), and the filtering mechanism includes a filtering part. The filtering part includes a seepage pipe (7). A porous filter screen (43) is provided at the junction of the seepage pipe (7) and the siphon tube (3).

2. A phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering mechanism further comprises a control unit, which is located outside the siphon tube (3). The aperture of the porous filter (43) is adjustable, and the material of the porous filter (43) is a shape memory material.

3. A phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heating component (42) is provided inside the control unit, and the heating component (42) is arranged around the siphon tube (3). The shape memory material can change shape according to temperature.

4. A phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating component (42) adopts an electromagnetic control, which forms a magnetic field in the heating component (42) portion. The inner wall of the siphon tube (3) at a corresponding position of the heating component (42) is provided with a magnetic resin (44).

5. The phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connection structure comprises a connection plate (41), the connection plate (41) is provided with a first connection hole of the siphon tube (3), the control portion is provided at the first connection hole of the siphon tube (3), and a blocking body (31) is provided on the outer wall of the siphon tube (3), and the blocking body (31) cooperates with the first connection hole of the siphon tube (3).

6. The phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting plate (41) is provided with a floating body connection hole group, a connecting piece is provided between the first floating body (1) and the second floating body (2), and the connecting piece passes through the connection hole group to connect the first floating body (1) and the second floating body (2).

7. The phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second float (2) is provided with a pipetting hole (21) communicating with the interior of the second float (2).

8. The phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seepage pipe (7) is perpendicular to the siphon tube (3), and the length of the seepage pipe (7) matches the sample container.

9. The phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid inlet (72) and the liquid outlet (73) of the seepage pipe (7) are located at the top of the seepage pipe (7), and the seepage pipe (7) is provided with a spiral portion (71) and a one-way valve (8).

10. The phytoplankton filtration and enrichment device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The spiral portion (71) is located between the liquid inlet (72) of the seepage pipe (7) and the siphon (3), and the axis of the spiral portion (71) coincides with the axis of the seepage pipe (7).

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