Perovskite solar cell and photovoltaic module
By optimizing the groove structure of perovskite solar cells and avoiding direct contact between the top electrode and the light absorption layer, the problem of damage to the light absorption layer during sputtering is solved, and the device stability and photoelectric conversion rate are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422813215.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-19
AI Technical Summary
During the preparation process of perovskite solar cells, sputtering the top electrode can easily damage the perovskite light absorption layers on both sides, affecting the stability of the device.
One or more groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves are arranged in sequence. The P2.5 groove is filled with a top electrode, the P1 groove is filled with an electron transport layer, the P3 groove isolates the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells, and the P2 groove is filled with an electron transport layer to prevent the top electrode from directly contacting the perovskite light absorption layer.
The device stability and photoelectric conversion rate of perovskite solar cells are improved, sputtering damage is reduced, and the groove scribing process is optimized.
Smart Images
Figure CN223379548U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to perovskite solar cells and photovoltaic modules. Background Art
[0002] Perovskite materials possess excellent optoelectronic properties, such as high light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, and tunable band gap, which enable perovskite solar cells to achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Perovskite solar cells typically consist of a transparent conductive electrode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode. The perovskite layer absorbs sunlight, generating electron-hole pairs. These carriers are collected by the corresponding transport layer and flow through an external circuit to form an electric current.
[0003] During the preparation process of perovskite solar cells, P1 grooves, P2 grooves, and P3 grooves are laser-scribed according to conventional methods. The perovskite light absorption layers on both sides are easily damaged when the top electrode is sputtered. In addition, the direct contact between the perovskite light absorption layer and the top electrode will also affect the device stability of the perovskite solar cell, resulting in low device stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0004] It should be noted that the above content is not necessarily prior art, nor is it intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to provide a perovskite solar cell and photovoltaic module that does not damage the perovskite light absorption layers on both sides when sputtering the top electrode and has high device stability.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:
[0007] A perovskite solar cell comprises a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer, an electron transport layer, and a top electrode stacked in sequence;
[0008] The perovskite solar cell is provided with one or more groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves arranged in sequence along its lateral direction, so as to separate the perovskite solar cell into a plurality of sub-perovskite solar cells connected in series;
[0009] The P1 groove sequentially penetrates the functional layer and the transparent conductive layer, and the electron transport layer is filled in the P1 groove; the P2.5 groove sequentially penetrates the electron transport layer and the functional layer, and the top electrode is filled in the P2.5 groove; the P3 groove sequentially penetrates the top electrode, the electron transport layer, and the functional layer, and the P3 groove is used to isolate the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells; the P2 groove penetrates the functional layer, and the electron transport layer is filled in the P2 groove;
[0010] The P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P1 groove, and the P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P3 groove.
[0011] In some embodiments, the width of the P1 groove is 30-60 μm.
[0012] In some embodiments, the P1 groove is an inverted trapezoidal structure that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top; the top width of the P1 groove is 50-60 μm, and the bottom width is 30-40 μm.
[0013] In some embodiments, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 50-80 nm.
[0014] In some embodiments, the thickness of the top electrode is 120-150 nm.
[0015] In some embodiments, the width of the P2.5 trench is narrower than the width of the P3 trench.
[0016] In some embodiments, the width of the P3 groove is 50-70 μm;
[0017] And / or, the width of the P2.5 groove is 20-30 μm.
[0018] In some embodiments, the width of the P2 groove is 70-100 μm.
[0019] In some embodiments, the distance between the P2 groove and its adjacent P3 groove is 30-50 mm.
[0020] The present application also provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: the perovskite solar cell as described above.
[0021] In the technical solution of the present application, the perovskite solar cell includes one or more groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves arranged in sequence. The P2.5 groove is filled with a top electrode to connect two adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells in series; the P1 groove is filled with an electron transport layer, and the P3 groove is used to isolate the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells, so that the top electrode filled in the P2.5 groove cannot directly contact the perovskite light absorption layer, and the perovskite light absorption layer will not be damaged when the top electrode is sputtered, which is beneficial to improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell; the P2 groove is filled with an electron transport layer, and the perovskite light absorption layers on both sides of the P2 groove do not directly contact the top electrode, which is beneficial to improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the multiple drawings represent the same or similar components or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments disclosed in this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.
[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the perovskite solar cell in the embodiment of the present application.
[0024] Numbers in the figure: 1, substrate; 2, transparent conductive layer; 3, hole transport layer; 4, perovskite light absorption layer; 5, electron transport layer; 6, top electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the sizes of layers, regions, and elements and their relative sizes may be exaggerated for clarity. The same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be understood as limiting the present application. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other unless there is a conflict.
[0026] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "adjacent to," "connected to," or "coupled to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, adjacent to, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer, or there can be intervening elements or layers. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly adjacent to," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers. It should be understood that while the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or part from another. Thus, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure, a first element, component, region, layer, or part discussed below may be represented as a second element, component, region, layer, or part. Furthermore, when a second element, component, region, layer, or part is discussed, it does not necessarily mean that the first element, component, region, layer, or part is present in the present disclosure.
[0027] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.
[0028] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can, for example, be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.
[0029] In the present application, when it comes to a numerical interval (i.e., a numerical range), unless otherwise specified, the distribution of the optional numerical values in the numerical interval is considered to be continuous, and includes the two numerical endpoints (i.e., the minimum and maximum values) of the numerical interval, and each numerical value between the two numerical endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when the numerical interval only refers to an integer in the numerical interval, including the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, and each integer between the two endpoints, is equivalent to directly enumerating each integer. When multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, these numerical ranges can be merged. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range disclosed in this application should be understood to include any and all subranges included therein. The "numerical value" in the numerical interval can be any quantitative value, such as a number, a percentage, a ratio, etc. "Numerical interval" allows broadly including quantitative intervals such as percentage intervals, ratio intervals, and ratio intervals.
[0030] The present application provides a perovskite solar cell and photovoltaic module. The perovskite solar cell includes one or more sequentially arranged groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves. The P2.5 groove is filled with a top electrode 6 for connecting two adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells in series. The P1 groove is filled with an electron transport layer 5. The P3 groove is used to isolate the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells, so that the top electrode 6 filled in the P2.5 groove cannot directly contact the perovskite light absorption layer 4. Sputtering the top electrode 6 does not damage the perovskite light absorption layer 4, which is beneficial to improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell. The P2 groove is filled with an electron transport layer 5. The perovskite light absorption layer 4 on both sides of the P2 groove does not directly contact the top electrode 6, which is beneficial to improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0031] The embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising a substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a functional layer (a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite light absorption layer 4), an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode 6 stacked in sequence;
[0032] The perovskite solar cell is provided with one or more groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves arranged in sequence along its lateral direction, so as to separate the perovskite solar cell into a plurality of sub-perovskite solar cells connected in series;
[0033] The P1 groove sequentially penetrates the functional layer (hole transport layer 3, perovskite light absorption layer 4) and the transparent conductive layer 2, and the electron transport layer 5 is filled in the P1 groove; the P2.5 groove sequentially penetrates the electron transport layer 5 and the functional layer (hole transport layer 3, perovskite light absorption layer 4), and the top electrode 6 is filled in the P2.5 groove; the P3 groove sequentially penetrates the top electrode 6, the electron transport layer 5, and the functional layer (hole transport layer 3, perovskite light absorption layer 4), and the P3 groove is used to isolate the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells; the P2 groove penetrates the functional layer (hole transport layer 3, perovskite light absorption layer 4), and the electron transport layer 5 is filled in the P2 groove;
[0034] The P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P1 groove, and the P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P3 groove.
[0035] In the technical solution of the present application, the P3 groove may not be filled with a filler, or may be filled with a suitable filler as needed; the P3 groove mainly plays an isolation role, which can prevent the top electrode 6 on one side of the P3 groove from directly contacting the perovskite light absorption layer 4 on the other side of the P3 groove, and prevent the perovskite light absorption layer 4 from directly contacting the top electrode 6, which is beneficial to improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0036] In the technical solution of the present application, the material of the transparent conductive layer 2 includes one or more of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO). The thickness of the transparent conductive layer 2 can be 20-200 nm (for example, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200 nm). The preparation method of the transparent conductive layer 2 can include one or more of electrochemical deposition, sputtering, and atomic layer deposition.
[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the functional layer may include a hole transport layer 3 and a perovskite light absorption layer 4, and may include other additional layers as needed.
[0038] The material of the hole transport layer 3 may include one or more of Spiro-OMeTAD, a triphenylamine derivative, CuI, CuSCN, Cu2ZnSnS4, CuO, Cu2O, 2PACz, and MeO-2PACz. The thickness of the hole transport layer 3 may be 1-100 nm (e.g., 1 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, or 100 nm). The hole transport layer 3 may be prepared by one or more of spin coating, spray coating, electrochemical deposition, sputtering, and atomic layer deposition.
[0039] The perovskite light absorption layer 4 is made of a perovskite material having an ABX3 structure; A is a monovalent cation; B is a divalent cation; and X is a monovalent anion. More specifically, A includes, but is not limited to, a mixture of one or more monovalent cations selected from cesium (Cs), rubidium (Rb), methylamino (CH3NH3), and formamidinium (CH2(NH2)2); B includes, but is not limited to, a mixture of one or more divalent cations selected from lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), and calcium (Ca); and X includes, but is not limited to, a mixture of one or more monovalent anions selected from iodine (I), bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), and thiocyanate (SCN). The thickness of the perovskite light absorbing layer 4 can be 400-1500 nm (e.g., 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm, 1100 nm, 1200 nm, 1500 nm). The perovskite light absorbing layer 4 can be prepared by one or more methods including spin coating, spray coating, and slit coating.
[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the electron transport layer 5 may include TiO2, ZnO, WO3, SnO2, Zn2SnO4, C 60 、PC 61 One or more of BM, ICBA. The thickness of the electron transport layer can be 10-200 nm (e.g., 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, 200 nm). The electron transport layer 5 can be prepared by one or more of spin coating, spray coating, spray pyrolysis, slit coating, and atomic layer deposition.
[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the top electrode 6 may include one or more of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO). The top electrode 6 may be prepared by one or more of evaporation, magnetron sputtering, printing, spin coating, doctor blade coating, spray coating, spray pyrolysis, and slit coating. The thickness of the top electrode 6 may be 20-200 nm (e.g., 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm, 180 nm, 190 nm, or 200 nm).
[0042] The technical solution of the present application includes one or more groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves arranged in sequence. The P2.5 groove is filled with a top electrode 6 for connecting two adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells in series; the P1 groove is filled with an electron transport layer 5, and the P3 groove is used to isolate the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells, so that the top electrode 6 filled in the P2.5 groove cannot directly contact the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and the perovskite light absorption layer 4 will not be damaged when the top electrode 6 is sputtered, which is beneficial to improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell; the P2 groove is filled with an electron transport layer 5, and the perovskite light absorption layer 4 on both sides of the P2 groove does not directly contact the top electrode 6, which is beneficial to improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0043] In the technical solution of the present application, the arrangement of the grooves is optimized. On the one hand, it ensures that the perovskite light absorption layer 4 will not be damaged when the top electrode 6 is sputtered, and on the other hand, it can also reduce the groove scribing process; in addition, there is no filler in the P3 groove, which is beneficial to the film formation effect of the top electrode 6 in the P2.5 groove. The deposition effect of the top electrode 6 in the P2.5 groove is good, which can effectively reduce the series resistance, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion rate of the perovskite solar cell.
[0044] In some embodiments, the width of the P1 trench is 30-60 μm (eg, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm).
[0045] In the technical solution of the present application, the width of the P1 groove is optimized, which can optimize the filling effect of the electron transport layer 5 in the P1 groove, thereby further reducing the sputtering damage of the top electrode 6 and further improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0046] In some embodiments, the P1 groove is an inverted trapezoidal structure that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top; the top width of the P1 groove is 50~60μm (for example, 50μm, 51μm, 52μm, 53μm, 54μm, 55μm, 56μm, 57μm, 58μm, 59μm, 60μm), and the bottom width is 30~40μm (for example, 30μm, 31μm, 32μm, 33μm, 34μm, 35μm, 36μm, 37μm, 38μm, 39μm, 40μm).
[0047] In the technical solution of the present application, the structure of the P1 groove is optimized, which can optimize the filling effect of the electron transport layer 5 in the P1 groove, thereby further reducing the sputtering damage of the top electrode 6 and further improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell; in addition, optimizing the structure of the P1 groove can adjust the filling effect of the electron transport layer 5, which is beneficial to improving the deposition effect of the top electrode 6, can effectively reduce the series resistance, and thereby improve the photoelectric conversion rate of the perovskite solar cell.
[0048] In some embodiments, the thickness of the electron transport layer 5 is 50-80 nm (eg, 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, 70 μm, 75 μm, 80 μm).
[0049] In the technical solution of the present application, the thickness of the electron transport layer 5 is optimized, which can optimize the filling effect of the electron transport layer 5 in the P1 groove, thereby further reducing the sputtering damage of the top electrode 6 and further improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0050] In some embodiments, the thickness of the top electrode 6 is 120-150 nm (eg, 120 μm, 125 μm, 130 μm, 135 μm, 140 μm, 145 μm, 150 μm).
[0051] In the technical solution of the present application, the thickness of the top electrode 6 is optimized, which is beneficial to improving the deposition effect of the top electrode 6, can effectively reduce the series resistance, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion rate of the perovskite solar cell.
[0052] In some embodiments, the width of the P2.5 trench is narrower than the width of the P3 trench.
[0053] In the technical solution of the present application, the widths of the P2.5 groove and the P3 groove are optimized, and there is no filler in the P3 groove, which can improve the film-forming effect of the top electrode 6 in the P2.5 groove, effectively reduce the series resistance, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion rate of the perovskite solar cell; in addition, it can also reduce the sputtering damage of the perovskite light absorption layer 4 close to the P3 groove side, further improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0054] In some embodiments, the width of the P3 trench is 50-70 μm (e.g., 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, 70 μm);
[0055] And / or, the width of the P2.5 groove is 20-30 μm (for example, 20 μm, 21 μm, 22 μm, 23 μm, 24 μm, 25 μm, 26 μm, 27 μm, 28 μm, 29 μm, 30 μm).
[0056] In the technical solution of the present application, the widths of the P2.5 groove and the P3 groove are optimized, and there is no filler in the P3 groove, which can improve the film-forming effect of the top electrode 6 in the P2.5 groove, effectively reduce the series resistance, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion rate of the perovskite solar cell; in addition, it can also reduce the sputtering damage of the perovskite light absorption layer 4 close to the P3 groove side, further improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0057] In some embodiments, the width of the P2 groove is 70-100 μm (e.g., 70 μm, 75 μm, 80 μm, 85 μm, 90 μm, 95 μm, 100 μm). In the technical solution of this application, optimizing the width of the P2 groove can improve the mechanical stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0058] In some embodiments, the spacing between the P2 groove and its adjacent P3 groove is 30-50 mm (e.g., 30 μm, 31 μm, 32 μm, 33 μm, 34 μm, 35 μm, 36 μm, 37 μm, 38 μm, 39 μm, 40 μm, 41 μm, 42 μm, 43 μm, 44 μm, 45 μm, 46 μm, 47 μm, 48 μm, 49 μm, 50 μm). In the technical solution of this application, optimizing the spacing between the P2 groove and the P3 groove can improve the mechanical stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0059] The following specific examples further illustrate the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Modifications or substitutions made to the methods, steps, or conditions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
[0060] Example 1
[0061] Perovskite solar cells, such as Figure 1 As shown, the perovskite solar cell includes a substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite light absorption layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode 6 stacked in sequence; the material of the transparent conductive layer 2 is indium tin oxide, and the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 2 is 100 nm; the material of the hole transport layer 3 is Spiro-OMeTAD, and the thickness of the hole transport layer 3 is 20 nm; the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer 4 is 800 nm; the material of the electron transport layer 5 is titanium dioxide, and the thickness of the electron transport layer 5 is 50 nm; the material of the top electrode 6 is indium tin oxide, and the thickness of the top electrode 6 is 120 nm;
[0062] The perovskite solar cell is provided with one or more groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves arranged in sequence along its lateral direction, so as to separate the perovskite solar cell into a plurality of sub-perovskite solar cells connected in series;
[0063] The P1 groove sequentially penetrates the hole transport layer 3, the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and the transparent conductive layer 2, and the electron transport layer 5 is filled in the P1 groove; the P2.5 groove sequentially penetrates the electron transport layer 5, the hole transport layer 3, and the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and the top electrode 6 is filled in the P2.5 groove; the P3 groove sequentially penetrates the top electrode 6, the electron transport layer 5, the hole transport layer 3, and the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and no filler is provided in the P3 groove, and the P3 groove is used to isolate the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells; the P2 groove penetrates the hole transport layer 3 and the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and the electron transport layer 5 is filled in the P2 groove; the P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P1 groove, and the P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P3 groove;
[0064] The width of the P1 groove is 30 μm; the width of the P3 groove is 50 μm, the width of the P2.5 groove is 20 μm; the width of the P2 groove is 70 μm; and the spacing between the P2 groove and the adjacent P3 groove is 30 mm.
[0065] Example 2
[0066] Perovskite solar cells, such as Figure 1As shown, the perovskite solar cell includes a substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite light absorption layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode 6 stacked in sequence; the material of the transparent conductive layer 2 is indium tin oxide, and the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 2 is 100 nm; the material of the hole transport layer 3 is Spiro-OMeTAD, and the thickness of the hole transport layer 3 is 20 nm; the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer 4 is 800 nm; the material of the electron transport layer 5 is titanium dioxide, and the thickness of the electron transport layer 5 is 80 nm; the material of the top electrode 6 is indium tin oxide, and the thickness of the top electrode 6 is 150 nm;
[0067] The perovskite solar cell is provided with one or more groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves arranged in sequence along its lateral direction, so as to separate the perovskite solar cell into a plurality of sub-perovskite solar cells connected in series;
[0068] The P1 groove sequentially penetrates the hole transport layer 3, the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and the transparent conductive layer 2, and the electron transport layer 5 is filled in the P1 groove; the P2.5 groove sequentially penetrates the electron transport layer 5, the hole transport layer 3, and the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and the top electrode 6 is filled in the P2.5 groove; the P3 groove sequentially penetrates the top electrode 6, the electron transport layer 5, the hole transport layer 3, and the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and no filler is provided in the P3 groove, and the P3 groove is used to isolate the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells; the P2 groove penetrates the hole transport layer 3 and the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and the electron transport layer 5 is filled in the P2 groove; the P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P1 groove, and the P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P3 groove;
[0069] The width of the P1 groove is 60 μm; the width of the P3 groove is 70 μm, the width of the P2.5 groove is 30 μm; the width of the P2 groove is 100 μm; and the spacing between the P2 groove and the adjacent P3 groove is 50 mm.
[0070] Example 3
[0071] The perovskite solar cell in Example 3 differs from the perovskite solar cell in Example 1 only in that the P1 groove in Example 3 has an inverted trapezoidal structure, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, with a top width of 50 μm and a bottom width of 30 μm. (In Example 1, the width of the P1 groove was 30 μm, meaning that the top width of the P1 groove was 30 μm and the bottom width was 30 μm.)
[0072] Example 4
[0073] The perovskite solar cell in Example 4 differs from the perovskite solar cell in Example 1 only in that the P1 groove in Example 4 has an inverted trapezoidal structure, narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, with a top width of 60 μm and a bottom width of 40 μm. (In Example 1, the width of the P1 groove was 30 μm, meaning that the top width of the P1 groove was 30 μm and the bottom width was 30 μm.)
[0074] Example 5
[0075] The perovskite solar cell in Example 5 differs from the perovskite solar cell in Example 1 only in that the width of the P3 groove in Example 5 is 50 μm, and the width of the P2.5 groove is 50 μm. (In Example 1, the width of the P3 groove is 50 μm, and the width of the P2.5 groove is 20 μm).
[0076] Example 6
[0077] The perovskite solar cell in Example 6 differs from the perovskite solar cell in Example 1 only in that the width of the P3 groove in Example 6 is 20 μm, and the width of the P2.5 groove is 20 μm. (In Example 1, the width of the P3 groove is 50 μm, and the width of the P2.5 groove is 20 μm).
[0078] Comparative Example 1
[0079] A perovskite solar cell, the perovskite solar cell comprising a substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite light absorption layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, and a top electrode 6 stacked in sequence; the transparent conductive layer 2 is made of indium tin oxide, and the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 2 is 100 nm; the hole transport layer 3 is made of Spiro-OMeTAD, and the thickness of the hole transport layer 3 is 20 nm; the perovskite light absorption layer 4 is 800 nm thick; the electron transport layer 5 is made of titanium dioxide, and the thickness of the electron transport layer is 50 nm; the top electrode 6 is made of indium tin oxide, and the thickness of the top electrode 6 is 120 nm;
[0080] The perovskite solar cell is provided with one or more groups of P1 grooves, P2 grooves, and P3 grooves arranged in sequence along the lateral direction of the perovskite solar cell, so as to separate the perovskite solar cell into a plurality of sub-perovskite solar cells connected in series;
[0081] The P1 groove penetrates the transparent conductive layer 2, and the P1 groove is filled with the hole transport layer 3; the P2 groove sequentially penetrates the electron transport layer 5, the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and the hole transport layer 3, and the P2 groove is filled with the top electrode 6; the P3 groove penetrates the top electrode 6, and no filler is set in the P3 groove; the P1 groove, the P2 groove, and the P3 groove are respectively arranged at intervals;
[0082] The width of the P1 groove is 30 μm; the width of the P3 groove is 50 μm; and the width of the P2 groove is 70 μm.
[0083] The perovskite solar cells prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to photoelectric tests, and the performance test results of the perovskite solar cells are shown in Table 1 below.
[0084] Table 1 Device performance data
[0085]
[0086] Referring to the test data of the above-mentioned Example 1 and Examples 3-4, it can be seen that optimizing the structure of the P1 groove can adjust the filling effect of the electron transport layer 5, which is beneficial to improving the deposition effect of the top electrode 6, and can effectively reduce the series resistance, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.
[0087] Referring to the test data of the above-mentioned Example 1 and Examples 5-6, it can be seen that optimizing the width of the P2.5 groove and the P3 groove and having no filler in the P3 groove can improve the film formation effect of the top electrode 6 in the P2.5 groove, effectively reduce the series resistance, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.
[0088] To sum up, in the technical solution of the present application, the perovskite solar cell includes one or more groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves arranged in sequence, and the P2.5 groove is filled with a top electrode 6 for connecting two adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells in series; the P1 groove is filled with an electron transport layer 5, and the P3 groove is used to isolate the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells, so that the top electrode 6 filled in the P2.5 groove cannot directly contact the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and the perovskite light absorption layer 4 will not be damaged when the top electrode 6 is sputtered, which is beneficial to improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell; the P2 groove is filled with an electron transport layer 5, and the perovskite light absorption layer 4 on both sides of the P2 groove is not directly in contact with the top electrode 6, which is beneficial to improving the device stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0089] The present application can provide a photovoltaic module, including: the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell. The photovoltaic module also has the advantages of the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell, which will not be repeated here.
[0090] It should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present application. The directional terms "inside" and "outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of the component itself. For example, if the device in the drawing is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "on top of other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Therefore, the exemplary term "above..." can include both "above..." and "below..." orientations. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used here will be interpreted accordingly.
[0091] It should also be noted that references to "one embodiment," "another embodiment," "an embodiment," etc., in this application refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment as included in at least one embodiment generally described in this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in conjunction with any embodiment, it is intended that such feature, structure, or characteristic, when implemented in conjunction with other embodiments, also fall within the scope of this application.
[0092] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.
[0093] It should also be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and do not limit the scope of patent protection of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the description and drawings of this application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of patent protection of the present application.
Claims
1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that It includes a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer, an electron transport layer, and a top electrode stacked in sequence; The perovskite solar cell is provided with one or more groups of P1 grooves, P2.5 grooves, P3 grooves, and P2 grooves arranged in sequence along its lateral direction, so as to separate the perovskite solar cell into a plurality of sub-perovskite solar cells connected in series; The P1 groove sequentially penetrates the functional layer and the transparent conductive layer, and the electron transport layer is filled in the P1 groove; the P2.5 groove sequentially penetrates the electron transport layer and the functional layer, and the top electrode is filled in the P2.5 groove; the P3 groove sequentially penetrates the top electrode, the electron transport layer, and the functional layer, and the P3 groove is used to isolate the functional layers of adjacent sub-perovskite solar cells; the P2 groove penetrates the functional layer, and the electron transport layer is filled in the P2 groove; The P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P1 groove, and the P2.5 groove is directly connected to the adjacent P3 groove.
2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The width of the P1 groove is 30-60 μm.
3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that The P1 groove is an inverted trapezoidal structure that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top; the top width of the P1 groove is 50-60 μm, and the bottom width is 30-40 μm.
4. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The thickness of the electron transport layer is 50-80 nm.
5. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The thickness of the top electrode is 120-150 nm.
6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The width of the P2.5 groove is narrower than that of the P3 groove.
7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that The width of the P3 groove is 50-70 μm; And / or, the width of the P2.5 groove is 20-30 μm.
8. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The width of the P2 groove is 70-100 μm.
9. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that The distance between the P2 groove and the adjacent P3 groove is 30-50 mm.
10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9.