Dynamic monitoring equipment for water and soil loss of watershed slope

Abstract

The utility model discloses dynamic monitoring equipment for water and soil loss of a drainage basin slope. The dynamic monitoring equipment comprises a main body supporting mechanism and a water and soil monitoring mechanism arranged at the top of the main body supporting mechanism, the main body supporting mechanism comprises a main body supporting plate and a plurality of main body supporting columns connected to the lower portion of the main body supporting plate. The water and soil monitoring mechanism comprises a water and soil monitoring main circulation groove fixed to the top of the main body supporting plate, a plurality of sensor fixing rods extending horizontally are fixed in the water and soil monitoring main circulation groove, and a turbidity sensor, a water level sensor and a flow velocity sensor are fixed to each sensor fixing rod through fixing clamps. Through cooperative measurement of various sensors, the quantity of slope soil taken away by water flow can be accurately metered, errors should be controlled within an extremely small range, and it is ensured that a reliable data basis is provided for research and prevention of water and soil loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of soil and water loss monitoring, in particular to a dynamic monitoring device for soil and water loss on a watershed slope. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion refers to the simultaneous loss of both water and soil due to natural or human factors, when rainwater cannot be absorbed locally, flowing downstream and eroding the soil. The main causes are steep slopes, improper land use, vegetation destruction, inadequate farming techniques, loose soil, deforestation, and overgrazing. The main hazards of soil erosion include: erosion and destruction of the cultivated soil layer, which depletes soil fertility; silting up rivers, canals, and reservoirs, reducing the effectiveness of water conservancy projects and even leading to floods and droughts, seriously impacting industrial and agricultural production; and posing a serious threat to agricultural production in mountainous areas and downstream waterways.

[0003] Among them, monitoring runoff data and then reflecting soil and water loss is a means of soil and water loss monitoring. However, the current monitoring equipment is easily affected by environmental interference, which in turn affects the accuracy of the result analysis. The monitoring equipment needs to be further optimized and improved. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a dynamic monitoring device for soil and water loss on a watershed slope, which can accurately analyze the soil and water loss situation by analyzing the runoff change.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A dynamic monitoring device for water and soil loss on a watershed slope, comprising a main support mechanism and a water and soil monitoring mechanism arranged on top of the main support mechanism;

[0007] The main body support mechanism includes a main body support plate and a plurality of main body support columns connected below the main body support plate;

[0008] The soil and water monitoring mechanism includes a soil and water monitoring main stream trough fixed on the top of the main support plate. A plurality of horizontally extending sensor fixing rods are fixed in the soil and water monitoring main stream trough. A turbidity sensor, a water level sensor and a flow rate sensor are fixed on each sensor fixing rod through a fixing clamp.

[0009] Preferably, the main support plate has a plurality of support connection holes, the main support sphere is spherically connected to the support connection hole, the main support sphere has a support column connection hole, the main support column is slidably connected in the support column connection hole, and the main support column has a plurality of pin fixing holes passing through it radially.

[0010] Description: The main support column is constrained and connected through a main support ball with spherical rotation, so that the main support column can freely adjust the support angle and height, making it easier for the entire equipment to adapt to various terrain environments for installation.

[0011] Preferably, the input end of the main soil and water monitoring channel is connected to the soil and water monitoring input channel through a soft connecting channel, an input channel deflection support rod is fixed to the outside of the main soil and water monitoring channel, an input channel deflection connecting rod is fixed to the outside of the soil and water monitoring input channel, a deflection support shaft is fixed to the end of the input channel deflection support rod, a deflection connecting ring is rotatably connected to the deflection support shaft, and the input channel deflection connecting rod is fixedly connected to the deflection connecting ring.

[0012] Description: It is convenient to control the pitch of the soil and water monitoring input trough, and use the soil and water monitoring input trough to smoothly guide the surface runoff collected by rainwater into the soil and water monitoring main trough, and then measure various parameters of the water body.

[0013] Preferably, a water and soil sampling mechanism is provided on the main support plate, and the water and soil sampling mechanism includes a sampling support ring fixed on the main support plate, the axis of the sampling support ring extends along the flow direction of the main water and soil monitoring channel, and a sampling rotating ring is rotatably connected to the sampling support ring, and a plurality of sampling bottles are fixed on the sampling rotating ring;

[0014] A sampling manifold is fixed at the bottom of the main support plate, and the sampling manifold is connected to the interior of the main flow channel of soil and water monitoring through a pipeline;

[0015] A sample delivery needle tube extending radially along the sampling rotating ring is provided at the bottom of the main support plate. The sample delivery needle tube is connected to the sampling manifold through a delivery connecting tube. The delivery connecting tube is provided with a delivery control valve. A drive accommodating tube is fixed to the bottom of the main support plate. A drive connecting column is slidably connected to the drive accommodating tube. The side wall of the drive accommodating tube has a drive extension groove communicating inside and outside. The sample delivery needle tube is fixedly connected to the drive connecting column.

[0016] Note: During each rainfall process, water and soil sampling devices are used to continuously collect runoff water samples to facilitate the subsequent accurate measurement of the sediment content in these samples and the analysis of changes in sediment content in the runoff water during the entire rainfall process.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes a rainwater cleaning mechanism used in conjunction with the soil and water monitoring mechanism, the rainwater cleaning mechanism includes a rainwater collection support column fixed to the ground, a rainwater collection pool with an upward opening fixed on the top of the rainwater collection support column, a rainwater discharge pipe connected to the interior of the rainwater collection pool fixed at the bottom of the rainwater collection pool, and a rainwater discharge control valve provided on the rainwater discharge pipe;

[0018] The top of the main channel for soil and water monitoring is connected to a horizontally placed rainwater cleaning delivery pipe through a cleaning support rod. The rainwater cleaning delivery pipe is connected to the rainwater discharge pipe through a pipe. There are multiple rainwater cleaning nozzles on the lower side of the rainwater cleaning delivery pipe.

[0019] Note: The rainwater cleaning mechanism is used to flush the residual sediment in the main channel of soil and water monitoring, so as to avoid the adverse effects of these residual sediments on the next monitoring work.

[0020] Preferably, a runoff discharge slow flow trough is fixed at the output end of the main soil and water monitoring channel.

[0021] Note: The water in the main channel of soil and water monitoring is discharged through the runoff discharge slow flow channel to reduce erosion of the ground.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in the following aspects:

[0023] 1. The utility model has a reasonable structural design. Through the coordinated measurement of turbidity sensor, water level sensor and flow rate sensor, it can accurately measure the amount of slope soil carried away by water flow. The error should be controlled within a very small range, ensuring that a reliable data basis is provided for soil and water loss research and prevention.

[0024] 2. The utility model is easy to operate. The main support column is connected to the main support plate through a main support ball that rotates with the spherical surface, so that the main support column can freely adjust the support angle and height, making it easy for the entire equipment to adapt to various terrain environments for installation;

[0025] 3. The utility model utilizes a water and soil sampling mechanism to continuously collect runoff water samples during rainfall, facilitating accurate measurement of the sediment content in these samples and analysis of changes in sediment content in the runoff water during the entire rainfall process.

[0026] 4. The utility model utilizes a rainwater cleaning mechanism to collect clean rainwater during rainfall. After the rainfall, it is convenient to flush the residual sediment in the main channel of the soil and water monitoring system to avoid the adverse effects of these residual sediments on the next monitoring work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is the main view of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Left view of;

[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A top view of

[0030] Figure 4This is a schematic structural diagram of the sample delivery needle tube of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the rainwater cleaning mechanism of the utility model.

[0032] In the figure, 10-main body support mechanism, 11-main body support plate, 111-support connection hole, 112-main body support sphere, 113-support column connection hole, 12-main body support column, 20-soil and water monitoring mechanism, 21-soil and water monitoring main flow channel, 210-soft connecting channel, 211-sensor fixing rod, 212-fixing clip, 221-turbidity sensor, 222-water level sensor, 223-flow rate sensor, 23-soil and water monitoring input channel, 241-input channel deflection support rod, 242-input channel deflection connecting rod, 243-deflection support shaft, 244-deflection connecting ring, 25- Water and soil sampling mechanism, 251-sampling support ring, 252-sampling rotating ring, 253-sampling bottle, 254-sampling manifold, 255-sample delivery needle tube, 2550-delivery connecting tube, 2551-delivery control valve, 256-drive accommodating tube, 2561-drive extension groove, 257-drive connecting column, 26-runoff discharge slow flow trough, 30-rainwater cleaning mechanism, 31-rainwater collection support column, 32-rainwater collection pool, 321-rainwater discharge pipe, 322-rainwater discharge control valve, 33-rainwater cleaning delivery pipe, 331-cleaning support rod, 330-rainwater cleaning nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following combination Figure 1-Figure 5 The present invention is described in detail. For the convenience of description, the directions mentioned below are defined as follows: the up, down, left, right, front and back directions mentioned below are consistent with the up, down, left, right, front and back directions of the projection relationship of each main view or structural schematic diagram itself.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] A dynamic monitoring device for water and soil loss on a watershed slope, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a main support mechanism 10 and a water and soil monitoring mechanism 20 arranged on the top of the main support mechanism 10;

[0036] The main body support mechanism 10 includes a main body support plate 11 and a plurality of main body support columns 12 connected below the main body support plate 11;

[0037] The soil and water monitoring mechanism 20 includes a soil and water monitoring main flow channel 21 fixed on the top of the main support plate 11. The soil and water monitoring main flow channel 21 is a flow channel structure with a U-shaped cross section. A plurality of horizontally extending sensor fixing rods 211 are fixed in the soil and water monitoring main flow channel 21. Figure 2As shown, a turbidity sensor 221 , a water level sensor 222 and a flow rate sensor 223 are fixed to each sensor fixing rod 211 via a fixing clip 212 .

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the input end of the soil and water monitoring main channel 21 is connected to the soil and water monitoring input channel 23 through the soft connecting channel 210. The soft connecting channel 210 is made of weather-resistant EPDM rubber. The cross-sectional shapes of the soil and water monitoring main channel 21, the soft connecting channel 210 and the soil and water monitoring input channel 23 are the same. An input channel deflection support rod 241 is fixed to the outside of the soil and water monitoring main channel 21, and an input channel deflection connecting rod 242 is fixed to the outside of the soil and water monitoring input channel 23. A deflection support shaft 243 is fixed to the end of the input channel deflection support rod 241, and a deflection connecting ring 244 is rotatably connected to the deflection support shaft 243. The input channel deflection connecting rod 242 is fixedly connected to the deflection connecting ring 244, and the deflection connecting ring 244 is driven by a servo motor through a worm gear transmission to rotate around the axis of the deflection support shaft 243.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, a runoff discharge slow flow trough 26 is fixed at the output end of the main water and soil monitoring channel 21 .

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 1 As shown, the main support plate 11 has a plurality of support connection holes 111, the inner wall of the support connection hole 111 is an inner spherical structure, the inner spherical surface of the support connection hole 111 is rotatably connected to the main support ball 112, the main support ball 112 has a support column connection hole 113, the main support column 12 is slidably connected in the support column connection hole 113, and the main support column 12 has a plurality of pin fixing holes 120 that pass through it radially.

[0042] Example 3:

[0043] On the basis of Example 2, Figure 2 As shown, the main support plate 11 is provided with a water and soil sampling mechanism 25, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the water and soil sampling mechanism 25 includes a sampling support ring 251 fixed on the main support plate 11. The axis of the sampling support ring 251 extends along the flow direction of the water and soil monitoring main channel 21. The sampling support ring 251 is rotatably connected to a sampling rotating ring 252, and a plurality of sampling bottles 253 are fixed to the sampling rotating ring 252.

[0044] The sampling rotating ring 252 is driven by a servo motor fixed on the sampling support ring 251 to rotate around the axis of the sampling support ring 251;

[0045] The mouth of the sampling bottle 253 faces the center of the sampling rotating ring 252, and the mouth of the sampling bottle 253 is sealed by a rubber stopper;

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, a sampling manifold 254 is fixed to the bottom of the main support plate 11, and the sampling manifold 254 is connected to the interior of the water and soil monitoring main flow channel 21 through a pipeline;

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, a sample delivery needle tube 255 is provided at the bottom of the main support plate 11 and extends radially along the sampling rotating ring 252. The sample delivery needle tube 255 is connected to the sampling manifold 254 through a delivery connecting tube 2550. The delivery connecting tube 2550 is provided with a delivery control valve 2551. A drive accommodating tube 256 is fixed to the bottom of the main support plate 11. A drive connecting column 257 is slidably connected in the drive accommodating tube 256. The drive connecting column 257 is driven by a servo motor through a nut and screw transmission form to move along the axis of the drive accommodating tube 256. The side wall of the drive accommodating tube 256 has a drive extension groove 2561 that communicates inside and outside. The sample delivery needle tube 255 is fixedly connected to the drive connecting column 257.

[0048] Example 4:

[0049] On the basis of Example 3, Figure 5 As shown, the apparatus further includes a rainwater cleaning mechanism 30 for use in conjunction with the soil and water monitoring mechanism 20. The rainwater cleaning mechanism 30 includes a rainwater collecting support column 31 fixed to the ground. A rainwater collecting pool 32 with an upward opening is fixed to the top of the rainwater collecting support column 31. A rainwater discharge pipe 321 communicating with the interior of the rainwater collecting pool 32 is fixed to the bottom of the rainwater collecting pool 32. The rainwater discharge pipe 321 is provided with a rainwater discharge control valve 322.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the top of the main soil and water monitoring channel 21 is connected to a horizontally placed rainwater cleaning delivery pipe 33 through a cleaning support rod 331. The rainwater cleaning delivery pipe 33 is connected to the rainwater discharge pipe 321 through a pipeline. The lower side of the rainwater cleaning delivery pipe 33 is provided with multiple rainwater cleaning nozzles 330.

[0051] It should be noted that the turbidity sensor 221, water level sensor 222, flow rate sensor 223, delivery control valve 2551, rainwater discharge control valve 322, and rainwater cleaning nozzle 330 used in this application are all based on existing technologies and are not specifically limited here. Those skilled in the art can choose them according to their needs as long as they can implement the technical solution of this application.

[0052] In actual application of the utility model, during rainfall, rainwater falls on the ground and gradually gathers to form surface runoff during the circulation process. The device of the utility model is set up on the route of the surface runoff;

[0053] A rain sensor is installed on the top of the main water and soil monitoring channel 21 to monitor whether it is raining. A solar panel and a battery are installed near the monitoring device of the present invention to provide power for the operation of the entire device.

[0054] The end of the main water and soil monitoring channel 21 connected to the water and soil monitoring input channel 23 is set as the input end, and the end of the main water and soil monitoring channel 21 connected to the runoff discharge slow flow channel 26 is set as the output end;

[0055] The entire device is stably supported by multiple main support columns 12 inserted into the ground. During installation, the main support sphere 112 can freely deflect around the center of the support connection hole 111, making it easy to manually adjust the orientation of the main support column 12 according to the actual terrain environment.

[0056] Insert the fixing pin into the nearest pin fixing hole 120 below the main support sphere 112, thereby limiting the relative height position of the main support sphere 112 and the main support column 12, and the height position of the entire device is relatively fixed;

[0057] After the entire equipment is installed, the flow direction of the main soil and water monitoring channel 21 should be along the direction of surface runoff, with the input end of the main soil and water monitoring channel 21 facing the upstream direction of the surface runoff, and the output end of the main soil and water monitoring channel 21 facing the downstream direction of the surface runoff;

[0058] At this time, the input end of the main water and soil monitoring channel 21 is higher than the output end and the entire channel is tilted 10°.

[0059] When the rain sensor detects rain, the servo motor drives the deflection connection ring 244 to rotate around the axis of the deflection support shaft 243 through the worm gear transmission. The deflection connection ring 244 drives the soil and water monitoring input trough 23 to rotate around the axis of the deflection support shaft 243 through the input trough deflection connection rod 242, so that the soil and water monitoring input trough 23 is away from the end of the soil and water monitoring main flow trough 21 and close to the ground. The soil and water monitoring input trough 23 is supported on the path of surface runoff, which facilitates the flow of surface runoff into the soil and water monitoring input trough 23.

[0060] After the surface runoff flows into the soil and water monitoring input trough 23, it continues to flow into the soil and water monitoring main flow trough 21 through the soft communication trough 210. The turbidity sensor 221, water level sensor 222 and flow rate sensor 223 are used to measure and record the water parameters of the surface runoff. These measured parameters will be transmitted to the monitoring center in real time via wireless transmission to facilitate unified data storage and avoid data loss.

[0061] The surface runoff water body during rainfall is sampled and stored by using the water and soil sampling mechanism 25. The sampling rotating ring 252 is driven by a servo motor fixed on the sampling support ring 251 to rotate around the axis of the sampling support ring 251, so that the sampling rotating ring 252 only rotates the angle between two adjacent sampling bottles 253 each time, and a small amount of water near the output end of the water and soil monitoring main flow channel 21 is drained into the sampling manifold 254. The servo motor is driven to move along the axis of the driving receiving tube 256 through the transmission form of the nut screw, and the driving connecting column 257 drives the sample delivery needle tube 255 and inserts the needle of the sample delivery needle tube 255 into the sampling bottle 253. The delivery control valve 2551 is in the normally open state, so that the sampling manifold 254 is opened. The water in 54 enters the sample delivery needle tube 255 through the delivery connecting tube 2550, and the sample delivery needle tube 255 injects the water into the sampling bottle 253. When the sampling bottle 253 is full, the servo motor drives the driving accommodating tube 256 to move along the axis of the driving accommodating tube 256 through the transmission form of the nut screw, driving the connecting column 257 to drive the sample delivery needle tube 255 and pull the needle of the sample delivery needle tube 255 out of the sampling bottle 253. The sampling rotating ring 252 is driven by the servo motor fixed on the sampling support ring 251 to rotate around the axis of the sampling support ring 251, and the sampling rotating ring 252 only rotates the angle between two adjacent sampling bottles 253, so as to facilitate the storage of water samples in the next empty sampling bottle 253.

[0062] During rainfall, rainwater will be collected and stored in the rainwater collection pool 32. When the rainwater sensor detects that the rainfall has stopped, the clean rainwater in the rainwater collection pool 32 is used to clean the main soil and water monitoring channel 21. The rainwater discharge control valve 322 is opened, and the rainwater in the rainwater collection pool 32 flows into the rainwater cleaning delivery pipe 33 through the rainwater discharge pipe 321. The rainwater in the rainwater cleaning delivery pipe 33 is discharged through various rainwater cleaning nozzles 330 and flows into the main soil and water monitoring channel 21 to flush it, thereby cleaning away the residual mud and sand in the main soil and water monitoring channel 21.

Claims

1. A dynamic monitoring device for water and soil loss on a watershed slope, characterized in that: It comprises a main body support mechanism (10) and a water and soil monitoring mechanism (20) arranged on top of the main body support mechanism (10); The main body support mechanism (10) comprises a main body support plate (11) and a plurality of main body support columns (12) connected below the main body support plate (11); The soil and water monitoring mechanism (20) comprises a soil and water monitoring main flow channel (21) fixed on the top of the main support plate (11), wherein a plurality of horizontally extending sensor fixing rods (211) are fixed in the soil and water monitoring main flow channel (21), and a turbidity sensor (221), a water level sensor (222) and a flow rate sensor (223) are fixed to each of the sensor fixing rods (211) via a fixing clamp (212).

2. The dynamic monitoring device for watershed slope soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body support plate (11) has a plurality of support connection holes (111), the inner spherical surface of the support connection hole (111) is rotatably connected to a main body support sphere (112), the main body support sphere (112) has a support column connection hole (113), the main body support column (12) is slidably connected to the support column connection hole (113), and the main body support column (12) has a plurality of pin fixing holes (120) that penetrate along its radial direction.

3. The dynamic monitoring device for water and soil loss on a watershed slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input end of the soil and water monitoring main flow channel (21) is connected to a soil and water monitoring input channel (23) via a soft communication channel (210); an input channel deflection support rod (241) is fixed on the outside of the soil and water monitoring main flow channel (21); an input channel deflection connecting rod (242) is fixed on the outside of the soil and water monitoring input channel (23); a deflection support shaft (243) is fixed to the end of the input channel deflection support rod (241); a deflection connecting ring (244) is rotatably connected to the deflection support shaft (243); and the input channel deflection connecting rod (242) is fixedly connected to the deflection connecting ring (244).

4. The dynamic monitoring device for water and soil loss on a watershed slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water and soil sampling mechanism (25) is provided on the main support plate (11), and the water and soil sampling mechanism (25) comprises a sampling support ring (251) fixed on the main support plate (11), the axis of the sampling support ring (251) extending along the flow direction of the water and soil monitoring main flow channel (21), a sampling rotating ring (252) rotatably connected to the sampling support ring (251), and a plurality of sampling bottles (253) fixed on the sampling rotating ring (252); A sampling manifold (254) is fixed to the bottom of the main support plate (11), and the sampling manifold (254) is connected to the interior of the water and soil monitoring main flow channel (21) through a pipeline; A sample delivery needle tube (255) extending radially along the sampling rotating ring (252) is provided at the bottom of the main body support plate (11). The sample delivery needle tube (255) is connected to the sampling manifold (254) through a delivery connecting tube (2550). The delivery connecting tube (2550) is provided with a delivery control valve (2551). A drive accommodating tube (256) is fixed to the bottom of the main body support plate (11). A drive connecting column (257) is slidably connected in the drive accommodating tube (256). The side wall of the drive accommodating tube (256) has a drive extension groove (2561) communicating with the inside and outside. The sample delivery needle tube (255) is fixedly connected to the drive connecting column (257).

5. The dynamic monitoring device for water and soil loss on a watershed slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further comprises a rainwater cleaning mechanism (30) for use in conjunction with the water and soil monitoring mechanism (20), wherein the rainwater cleaning mechanism (30) comprises a rainwater collecting support column (31) fixed on the ground, a rainwater collecting pool (32) with an upward opening fixed on the top of the rainwater collecting support column (31), a rainwater discharge pipe (321) connected to the interior of the rainwater collecting pool (32) fixed on the bottom of the rainwater collecting pool (32), and a rainwater discharge control valve (322) provided on the rainwater discharge pipe (321); A horizontally placed rainwater cleaning delivery pipe (33) is connected to the top of the soil and water monitoring main flow channel (21) via a cleaning support rod (331); the rainwater cleaning delivery pipe (33) is connected to the rainwater discharge pipe (321) via a pipeline; and a plurality of rainwater cleaning nozzles (330) are provided on the lower side of the rainwater cleaning delivery pipe (33).

6. The dynamic monitoring device for watershed slope soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A runoff discharge slow flow trough (26) is fixed at the output end of the main soil and water monitoring trough (21).

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