Direct-current power supply system with multiple protection functions

Abstract

The utility model relates to a direct-current power supply system with multiple protection functions, which comprises a direct-current power supply loop, a transient surge protection module, an anti-reverse protection module and an overcurrent and overvoltage protection module, and is characterized in that the transient surge protection module, the anti-reverse protection module and the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module are coupled in the direct-current power supply loop and are mutually connected in parallel; the transient surge protection module is used for absorbing transient overvoltage generated in the direct-current power supply loop, and the anti-reverse protection module is used for cutting off the direct-current power supply loop in time when the direct-current power supply loop is connected in a reverse direction. And the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module is used for effectively monitoring voltage and current signals in the direct-current power supply loop and outputting a control signal to the direct-current power supply loop. The direct-current power supply protection module has the effect of solving the single function of a traditional direct-current power supply protection module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of direct current power supplies, and in particular to a direct current power supply system with multiple protection functions. Background Art

[0002] The protection functions of traditional DC power systems are scattered across multiple large components, resulting in bulky and difficult-to-integrate systems. This limits their widespread application in miniaturized, high-performance electronic products.

[0003] Currently, separate protection circuits, such as overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuits, are commonly used to implement different protection functions. However, existing protection circuits are bulky, have low integration, and, due to their single function, cannot effectively respond to various abnormal conditions, reducing the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the entire system. Therefore, there is room for improvement. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the problem that traditional DC power supply protection modules have single functions and low integration, the present application provides a DC power supply system with multiple protection functions.

[0005] The present application provides a DC power supply system with multiple protection functions, which adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A DC power supply system with multiple protection functions includes a DC power supply circuit, a transient surge protection module, an anti-reverse protection module, and an overcurrent and overvoltage protection module. The transient surge protection module, the anti-reverse protection module, and the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module are all coupled to the DC power supply circuit and connected in parallel with each other. The transient surge protection module is used to absorb transient overvoltages generated in the DC power supply circuit. The anti-reverse protection module is used to promptly cut off the DC power supply circuit when the DC power supply circuit is connected to the reverse direction. The overcurrent and overvoltage protection module is used to effectively monitor the voltage and current signals in the DC power supply circuit and output control signals to the DC power supply circuit.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the DC power supply system with multiple protection functions can effectively absorb transient overvoltages generated in the DC power supply circuit, preventing transient overvoltages from damaging the system. At the same time, when the DC power supply circuit is connected in reverse, it can promptly cut off the power supply circuit to avoid damage to the equipment caused by reverse current. In addition, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module can monitor the voltage and current signals in the DC power supply circuit in real time and output control signals to the DC power supply circuit when an abnormality occurs, ensuring stable operation of the system and solving the problems of traditional DC power supply protection modules with single functions and low integration.

[0008] Optionally, the transient surge protection module includes a voltage regulator diode TV1, and the voltage regulator diode TV1 is connected in series in a DC power supply circuit.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the Zener diode TV1 in the transient surge protection module can effectively absorb the transient overvoltage generated in the DC power supply circuit, thereby preventing the electronic components in the DC power supply circuit from being damaged by transient surges, improving the stability and reliability of the DC power supply system, and realizing the transient surge protection function.

[0010] Optionally, the anti-reverse protection module includes a diode D1, a MOS transistor Q1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are connected in series, the other end of the resistor R1 and the other end of the resistor R2 are respectively coupled to the DC power supply circuit, one end of the diode D1 is coupled to the connection node of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, the other end of the diode D1 is coupled to the resistor R2, the G pole of the MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to the connection node of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, the D pole of the MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to the resistor R2, and the S pole of the MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to the DC power supply circuit.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the DC power supply is connected in the wrong direction, diode D1 can effectively prevent reverse current from continuing to flow into the system. At the same time, the voltage divider network composed of resistors R1 and R2 can accurately detect the presence of reverse voltage and transmit the signal to MOS transistor Q1, so that MOS transistor Q1 is quickly turned off, further preventing reverse current from entering subsequent circuits, thereby achieving effective protection for the entire system and realizing the anti-reverse protection function.

[0012] Optionally, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module includes an overcurrent detection circuit, an overvoltage detection circuit, a NAND gate circuit, a current sampling circuit and a protection switch circuit. The output ends of the overvoltage detection circuit and the overcurrent detection circuit are respectively coupled to the input ends of the NAND gate circuit, the current sampling circuit is coupled to the input end of the overcurrent detection circuit, the input end of the overvoltage detection circuit is coupled to the DC power supply circuit, the output end of the NAND gate circuit is coupled to the protection switch circuit, and the protection switch circuit is coupled to the DC power supply circuit.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, when the voltage within the DC power supply circuit exceeds a preset threshold, the overvoltage detection circuit generates a corresponding electrical signal and transmits it to the NAND gate circuit. Similarly, when the current exceeds a set range, the overcurrent detection circuit is triggered and the current sampling circuit collects the actual current value, which is then transmitted to the NAND gate circuit. The NAND gate circuit combines these two signals to determine whether the protection mechanism should be activated. Once an abnormal condition is confirmed, the NAND gate circuit generates a control signal and sends it to the protection switch circuit, prompting the protection switch circuit to disconnect or adjust the DC power supply circuit to prevent damage to other components. This can significantly improve the stability and reliability of the DC power supply system and implement overcurrent and overvoltage protection functions.

[0014] Optionally, the overvoltage detection circuit includes a comparator U2A, a non-inverting input terminal of the comparator U2A coupled to a threshold voltage, an inverting input terminal of the comparator U2A coupled to a DC power supply circuit, and an output terminal of the comparator U2A coupled to a NAND gate circuit.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the voltage in the DC power supply circuit exceeds the preset threshold voltage, the comparator U2A can promptly detect this change and send a signal to the NAND gate circuit through its output end, thereby realizing accurate identification of the overvoltage state and ensuring the safety and stability of the power supply system.

[0016] Optionally, the overcurrent detection circuit includes a comparator U2B, a non-inverting input terminal of the comparator U2B is coupled to a threshold current, an inverting input terminal of the comparator U2B is coupled to a current sampling circuit, the current sampling circuit includes a resistor R15, one end of the resistor R15 is coupled to a DC power supply loop, the other end of the resistor R15 is grounded, and the output terminal of the comparator U2B is coupled to a NAND gate circuit.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the overcurrent detection circuit can accurately detect the actual current in the DC power supply circuit through the comparator U2B and compare it with the preset threshold current. When the actual current exceeds the threshold current, the output state of the comparator U2B will change, and this signal will be transmitted to the NAND gate circuit, thereby realizing timely identification and response to the overcurrent state. The resistor R15 in the current sampling circuit can accurately sample the current flowing through the DC power supply circuit and feed it back to the overcurrent detection circuit through the inverting input terminal of the comparator U2B, further improving the detection accuracy and reliability of the system.

[0018] Optionally, the NAND gate circuit includes a chip U3, and the chip U3 includes five pins. The first pin of the chip U3 is coupled to the output end of the comparator U2A, the second pin of the chip U3 is coupled to the output end of the comparator U2B, and the fourth pin of the chip U3 is coupled to the protection switch circuit.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, real-time monitoring of overvoltage and overcurrent conditions in the DC power supply circuit is achieved, and the protective switch circuit can be triggered in a timely manner to disconnect the DC power supply circuit, thereby effectively preventing equipment damage caused by overvoltage or overcurrent. Specifically, the NAND gate circuit receives signals from the overvoltage detection circuit through its first pin and from the overcurrent detection circuit through its second pin. When an abnormality is detected, the NAND gate circuit outputs a signal through its fourth pin to control the operation of the protective switch circuit, thereby effectively protecting the DC power supply circuit.

[0020] Optionally, the protection switch circuit includes a transistor Q3 and a MOS transistor Q2, the base of the transistor Q3 is coupled to the fourth pin of the chip U3, the collector of the transistor Q3 is coupled to the G pole of the MOS transistor Q2, the emitter of the transistor Q3 is grounded, and the S pole and D pole of the MOS transistor Q2 are coupled to the DC power supply circuit.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a highly efficient protection function for the DC power supply circuit is achieved. Specifically, when an overcurrent or overvoltage occurs, the NAND gate circuit quickly responds and disconnects the DC power supply circuit via the protection switch circuit, preventing further damage. The protection switch circuit comprising the transistor Q3 and the MOS transistor Q2 proposed in this claim ensures timely and accurate disconnection of the power supply circuit, improving the safety and reliability of the entire system.

[0022] Optionally, the DC power supply system further includes a step-down module, which includes a chip U1 , a third pin of the chip U1 is coupled to a DC power supply loop, and a first pin of the chip U1 outputs a VCC voltage.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the step-down module can stably convert the higher voltage in the DC power supply circuit into the lower VCC voltage required by the system, ensuring that all parts of the system work normally under stable voltage and improving the stability and reliability of the entire DC power supply system.

[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] 1. This multi-protection DC power supply system can effectively absorb transient overvoltages generated in the DC power supply circuit, preventing them from damaging the system. At the same time, when the DC power supply circuit is connected in reverse, it can promptly cut off the power circuit to prevent reverse current from damaging the equipment. In addition, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module can monitor the voltage and current signals in the DC power supply circuit in real time and output control signals to the DC power supply circuit when an anomaly occurs, ensuring stable operation of the system. This solves the problem of traditional DC power supply protection modules with single functions and low integration.

[0026] 2. The voltage-stabilizing diode TV1 in the transient surge protection module can effectively absorb transient overvoltages generated in the DC power supply circuit, thereby preventing damage to electronic components in the DC power supply circuit due to transient surges, improving the stability and reliability of the DC power supply system, and achieving transient surge protection.

[0027] 3. When the DC power supply is connected in the wrong direction, diode D1 can effectively prevent reverse current from continuing to flow into the system. At the same time, the voltage divider network composed of resistors R1 and R2 can accurately detect the presence of reverse voltage and transmit the signal to MOS transistor Q1, causing MOS transistor Q1 to quickly shut down, further preventing reverse current from entering subsequent circuits, thereby effectively protecting the entire system and realizing anti-reverse protection function;

[0028] 4. When the voltage within the DC power supply circuit exceeds a preset threshold, the overvoltage detection circuit generates a corresponding electrical signal and transmits it to the NAND gate circuit. Similarly, when the current exceeds the set range, the overcurrent detection circuit is triggered and the current sampling circuit collects the actual current value, which is then transmitted to the NAND gate circuit. The NAND gate circuit combines these two signals to determine whether the protection mechanism should be activated. Once an abnormal condition is confirmed, the NAND gate circuit generates a control signal and sends it to the protection switch circuit, prompting the protection switch circuit to disconnect or adjust the DC power supply circuit to prevent damage to other components. This can significantly improve the stability and reliability of the DC power supply system and implement overcurrent and overvoltage protection functions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a DC power supply system with multiple protection functions according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Transient surge protection module; 2. Anti-reverse protection module; 3. Overcurrent and overvoltage protection module; 31. Overcurrent detection circuit; 32. Overvoltage detection circuit; 33. NOT gate circuit; 34. Current sampling circuit; 35. Protection switch circuit; 4. Buck module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following is combined with Figure 1 This application is described in further detail.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, a DC power supply system with multiple protection functions includes a DC power supply circuit, a transient surge protection module 1, an anti-reverse protection module 2, an overcurrent and overvoltage protection module 3 and a voltage reduction module 4.

[0033] The transient surge protection module 1 , the anti-reverse protection module 2 , the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module 3 and the voltage reduction module 4 are all coupled to the DC power supply circuit and are connected in parallel with each other.

[0034] The step-down module 4 includes a chip U1 . The third pin of the chip U1 is coupled to the DC power supply circuit, and the first pin of the chip U1 outputs a VCC voltage.

[0035] The transient surge protection module includes a Zener diode TV1, which is connected in series in the DC power supply circuit. Specifically, the Zener diode TV1 can effectively absorb transient overvoltages generated in the DC power supply circuit, thereby preventing electronic devices in the DC power supply circuit from being damaged by transient surges.

[0036] The anti-reverse protection module 2 includes a diode D1, a MOS transistor Q1, a resistor R1, and a resistor R2. Resistors R1 and R2 are connected in series, with the other end of resistor R1 and the other end of resistor R2 respectively coupled to the DC power supply circuit. One end of diode D1 is coupled to the connection node of resistors R1 and R2, and the other end of diode D1 is coupled to resistor R2. The G pole of MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to the connection node of resistors R1 and R2, the D pole of MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to resistor R2, and the S pole of MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to the DC power supply circuit. Specifically, the connection node between resistors R1 and R2 is used to detect the polarity of the input voltage. For example, resistors R1 and R2 can be selected as low-value resistors with high precision to ensure the stability of the voltage divider circuit. At the same time, the selection is based on the actual input voltage range to ensure that MOS transistor Q1 is always in the off state within the normal operating voltage range and reaches the conduction threshold when the input voltage reverses.

[0037] One end of diode D1 is coupled to the junction of resistors R1 and R2, and the other end of diode D1 is coupled to resistor R2. When the input voltage is forward, diode D1 is in conduction, allowing current to flow. Diode D1 can be a Schottky diode or other type of high-speed diode to reduce the voltage drop during conduction. The G terminal of MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to the junction of resistors R1 and R2, the D terminal of MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to resistor R2, and the S terminal of MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to the DC power supply circuit. This ensures that MOS transistor Q1 conducts when the input voltage is reversed, allowing reverse current to bypass the DC power supply circuit through MOS transistor Q1.

[0038] The overcurrent and overvoltage protection module 3 includes an overcurrent detection circuit 31, an overvoltage detection circuit 32, a NAND gate circuit 33, a current sampling circuit 34, and a protection switch circuit 35. The overvoltage detection circuit 32 includes a comparator U2A, the non-inverting input of which is coupled to a threshold voltage, the inverting input of which is coupled to a DC power supply circuit, and the output of which is coupled to the NAND gate circuit 33. Specifically, when an overvoltage is detected, the comparator U2A detects the overvoltage signal and outputs a high-level signal, triggering the NAND gate circuit 33.

[0039] The overcurrent detection circuit 31 includes a comparator U2B, a non-inverting input terminal of the comparator U2B coupled to a threshold current, an inverting input terminal of the comparator U2B coupled to a current sampling circuit, and a current sampling circuit 34 including a resistor R15, one end of which is coupled to a DC power supply circuit, and the other end of which is grounded. The output terminal of the comparator U2B is coupled to a NAND gate circuit 33. Specifically, when an overcurrent is detected, the comparator U2B detects the overcurrent signal and outputs a high-level signal, triggering the NAND gate circuit 33.

[0040] The NAND gate circuit 33 includes a chip U3 , which includes five pins. The first pin of the chip U3 is coupled to the output of the comparator U2A, the second pin of the chip U3 is coupled to the output of the comparator U2B, and the fourth pin of the chip U3 is coupled to the protection switch circuit 35 .

[0041] The protection switch circuit 35 includes a transistor Q3 and a MOS transistor Q2. The base of the transistor Q3 is coupled to the fourth pin of the chip U3. The collector of the transistor Q3 is coupled to the G terminal of the MOS transistor Q2. The emitter of the transistor Q3 is grounded. The S and D terminals of the MOS transistor Q2 are coupled to the DC power supply circuit.

[0042] The implementation principle of a DC power supply system with multiple protection functions in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: the DC power supply system with multiple protection functions can effectively absorb transient overvoltages generated in the DC power supply circuit to prevent transient overvoltages from damaging the system; at the same time, when the DC power supply circuit is connected in reverse, the power supply circuit can be cut off in time to avoid damage to the equipment caused by reverse current; in addition, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module 3 can monitor the voltage and current signals in the DC power supply circuit in real time, and output a control signal to the DC power supply circuit when an abnormality occurs, to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0043] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A DC power supply system with multiple protection functions, characterized in that: The invention comprises a DC power supply circuit, a transient surge protection module (1), an anti-reverse protection module (2) and an overcurrent and overvoltage protection module (3); the transient surge protection module (1), the anti-reverse protection module (2) and the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module (3) are all coupled to the DC power supply circuit and are connected in parallel with each other; the transient surge protection module (1) is used to absorb transient overvoltages generated in the DC power supply circuit; the anti-reverse protection module (2) is used to promptly cut off the DC power supply circuit when the DC power supply circuit is connected in reverse direction; and the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module (3) is used to effectively monitor voltage and current signals in the DC power supply circuit and output control signals to the DC power supply circuit.

2. The DC power supply system with multiple protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transient surge protection module (1) comprises a voltage stabilizing diode TV1, which is connected in series in a DC power supply circuit.

3. The DC power supply system with multiple protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reverse protection module (2) comprises a diode D1, a MOS transistor Q1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, wherein the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are connected in series, the other end of the resistor R1 and the other end of the resistor R2 are respectively coupled to a DC power supply circuit, one end of the diode D1 is coupled to a connection node between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, the other end of the diode D1 is coupled to the resistor R2, the G pole of the MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to a connection node between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, the D pole of the MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to the resistor R2, and the S pole of the MOS transistor Q1 is coupled to the DC power supply circuit.

4. The DC power supply system with multiple protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overcurrent and overvoltage protection module (3) comprises an overcurrent detection circuit (31), an overvoltage detection circuit (32), a NAND gate circuit (33), a current sampling circuit (34) and a protection switch circuit (35); the output ends of the overvoltage detection circuit (32) and the overcurrent detection circuit (31) are respectively coupled to the input end of the NAND gate circuit (33); the current sampling circuit (34) is coupled to the input end of the overcurrent detection circuit (31); the input end of the overvoltage detection circuit (32) is coupled to a DC power supply circuit; the output end of the NAND gate circuit (33) is coupled to the protection switch circuit (35); and the protection switch circuit (35) is coupled to the DC power supply circuit.

5. The DC power supply system with multiple protection functions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The overvoltage detection circuit (32) includes a comparator U2A, a non-inverting input terminal of the comparator U2A coupled to a threshold voltage, an inverting input terminal of the comparator U2A coupled to a DC power supply circuit, and an output terminal of the comparator U2A coupled to a NAND gate circuit (33).

6. The DC power supply system with multiple protection functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The overcurrent detection circuit (31) includes a comparator U2B, a non-inverting input terminal of the comparator U2B is coupled to a threshold current, an inverting input terminal of the comparator U2B is coupled to a current sampling circuit, the current sampling circuit (34) includes a resistor R15, one end of the resistor R15 is coupled to a DC power supply circuit, the other end of the resistor R15 is grounded, and the output terminal of the comparator U2B is coupled to a NAND gate circuit (33).

7. The DC power supply system with multiple protection functions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The NAND gate circuit (33) includes a chip U3, and the chip U3 includes five pins. The first pin of the chip U3 is coupled to the output end of the comparator U2A, the second pin of the chip U3 is coupled to the output end of the comparator U2B, and the fourth pin of the chip U3 is coupled to the protection switch circuit (35).

8. The DC power supply system with multiple protection functions according to claim 7, characterized in that: The protection switch circuit (35) includes a transistor Q3 and a MOS transistor Q2, wherein the base of the transistor Q3 is coupled to the fourth pin of the chip U3, the collector of the transistor Q3 is coupled to the G pole of the MOS transistor Q2, the emitter of the transistor Q3 is grounded, and the S pole and D pole of the MOS transistor Q2 are coupled to the DC power supply circuit.

9. The DC power supply system with multiple protection functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DC power supply system further comprises a step-down module (4), the step-down module (4) comprising a chip U1, a third pin of the chip U1 being coupled to a DC power supply circuit, and a first pin of the chip U1 outputting a VCC voltage.

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