Linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device. The linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device comprises a power supply system, a vacuum chamber and a magnet system, the vacuum chamber comprises a formation area, an acceleration area and a fusion area which are communicated in sequence; the magnet system comprises a forming coil, an accelerating coil and a fusing coil which are respectively arranged outside the vacuum chambers of the forming area, the accelerating area and the fusing area; and the power supply system comprises a plurality of power supply units for respectively supplying power to the forming coil, the accelerating coil and the fusion coil. According to the utility model, a step-by-step magnetic compression system is arranged and comprises first magnetic compression of an acceleration compression area and second magnetic compression of a collision fusion area, so that control on plasma velocity parameters before collision fusion can be realized; meanwhile, the coils are all arranged outside the vacuum chamber, plasma and most nuclear radiation can be isolated, and the influence of nuclear fusion reaction on coil materials is weakened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion devices, in particular to a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device. Background Art

[0002] As global energy shortages become increasingly severe, nuclear power generation is gaining increasing attention worldwide, compared to wind, photovoltaic, and tidal power generation, which are constrained by geographical distribution and climate. Nuclear power generation consists of two main methods: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Nuclear fission has been put into practical use, but it faces challenges such as limited fuel, inadequate safety, and environmental contamination from nuclear waste. Nuclear fusion, on the other hand, is still in the laboratory research stage and, due to its different reaction principles, does not present these issues.

[0003] At present, the devices designed with the concept of nuclear fusion power generation include stellarators, tokamaks, field inversion devices, etc. Stellarators and tokamaks are complex, difficult to maintain, and have high construction costs, while field inversion nuclear fusion devices are linear, simple in structure, low in construction cost, and have good structural compatibility. Compared with stellarators and tokamaks, they are easier to achieve rapid iteration and improvement. At present, relevant enterprises and colleges at home and abroad have carried out research on nuclear fusion devices. For example, the foreign Helion Energy company has built a linear nuclear fusion device such as Figure 1 As shown, the nuclear fusion reaction occurs in a vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber is divided into a plasma formation zone, an acceleration compression zone, and a collision fusion zone according to the motion state of the plasma in different zones. D (deuterium) is injected into the plasma formation zone. Under the action of the induced electric field, D is ionized into plasma. Under the action of the magnetic field gradient, the plasma on both sides migrates to the collision fusion zone and undergoes collision fusion. When the density and temperature of the plasma reach the conditions for nuclear fusion reaction, D+D→n+He 3 , D+D→p+T reaction, extracting the collision fusion reaction products from the divertor: T and He 3 。He 3 Can be used for subsequent reactions: D+He 3 →He 4 +H, while T can undergo β fission to produce He 3 However, T is highly radioactive, and the extraction and fusion processes pose safety risks.

[0004] The linear nuclear fusion reaction device studied by Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China is Figure 2The vacuum chamber in which the nuclear fusion reaction occurs is divided into a plasma formation area, an inner divertor, an outer divertor and a central area, the plasma is generated in the formation areas at both ends and migrates to the middle area for collision and fusion, and the compression coil is arranged in the central area to make the plasma temperature meet the requirements of nuclear fusion reaction. The magnetic field in the central area experiences two stages by supplying power to the compression coil by different power supply units: the first power supply module generates a first compression magnetic field in the central area through the compression coil, when the first compression magnetic field rises to the maximum value, the second power supply module is connected and a second compression magnetic field is generated in the vacuum chamber through the compression coil, so that the magnetic field in the central area continuously rises to perform cascade magnetic compression on the field reversed plasma in the central area. Since the compression coil is arranged inside the vacuum chamber, it is easily affected by the heat radiation generated by nuclear fusion, plasma oxidation and the like, which accelerates the aging of the coil insulation material, and maintenance is difficult.

[0005] Therefore, the present application is provided. Utility model content

[0006] The utility model discloses to solve above prior art problem, provide a linear type magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, set up step by step magnetic compression system, including the first magnetic compression of acceleration compression area and the second magnetic compression of collision fusion area, can realize the control to the plasma speed parameter before collision fusion, and the coil is arranged outside the vacuum chamber simultaneously, can insulate plasma and most nuclear radiation, weaken the influence of nuclear fusion reaction on coil material.

[0007] The utility model discloses the following technical scheme realizes:

[0008] A linear type magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, comprising a power supply system, a vacuum chamber and a magnet system.

[0009] The vacuum chamber comprises a formation area, an acceleration area and a fusion area in sequence.

[0010] The magnet system comprises formation coils, acceleration coils and fusion coils arranged outside the vacuum chamber of the formation area, the acceleration area and the fusion area respectively.

[0011] The power supply system comprises a plurality of power supply units for supplying power to the formation coils, the acceleration coils and the fusion coils respectively.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, the diameters of the plasma formation area one and the plasma formation area two are greater than the diameter of the collision fusion area, that is, the formation area is thick and the fusion area is thin.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, the acceleration compression area one and the acceleration compression area two have a trapezoidal cylindrical structure.

[0014] The utility model discloses in compression control aspect, designed the acceleration compression area, and the trapezoidal cylinder structure of acceleration compression area can carry out wall compression to plasma, is favorable to the further optimization of plasma parameter.

[0015] The utility model discloses designed the step -by -step magnetic compression system, including the first magnetic compression of the acceleration compression area, and the second magnetic compression of the collision fusion area, can realize the control to the plasma speed parameter before collision fusion in the first compression process through the axial time sequence control of power supply unit acceleration coil current amplitude, frequency.

[0016] The utility model discloses in coil arrangement aspect, and magnetic compression coil is all arranged outside vacuum chamber, and the existence of vacuum chamber wall can insulate plasma and most of nuclear radiation, and the influence of nuclear fusion reaction bremsstrahlung and neutron activation to coil material is weakened greatly.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the vacuum chamber includes plasma formation area one, acceleration compression area one, collision fusion area, acceleration compression area two and plasma formation area two in turn.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the formation coil includes quasi-steady coil one, quasi-steady coil two, θ-pinch coil one and θ-pinch coil two.

[0019] The quasi-steady coil one and the θ-pinch coil one are arranged outside the plasma formation area one.

[0020] The quasi-steady coil two and the θ-pinch coil two are arranged outside the plasma formation area two.

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the acceleration coil includes first magnetic compression coil one and first magnetic compression coil two.

[0022] The first magnetic compression coil one is arranged outside the acceleration compression area one.

[0023] The first magnetic compression coil two is arranged outside the acceleration compression area two.

[0024] In a specific embodiment, the fusion coil includes second magnetic compression coil, and the second magnetic compression coil is arranged outside the collision fusion area.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, the power supply system includes power supply unit one, power supply unit two, power supply unit three and power supply unit four.

[0026] The power supply unit one powers the θ-pinch coil one and the θ-pinch coil two.

[0027] The power supply unit two is a power supply for the quasi-stable coil one and the quasi-stable coil two;

[0028] The power supply unit three is a power supply for the first magnetic compression coil one and the first magnetic compression coil two;

[0029] The power supply unit four is a power supply for the second magnetic compression coil.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, the outer ends of the plasma formation area one and the plasma formation area two are respectively provided with the gas injection port one and the gas injection port two.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, an internal impurity remover is arranged between the vacuum chamber of the acceleration compression area one, the acceleration compression area two and the collision fusion area.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, an external impurity remover one is arranged at the outer end of the vacuum chamber of the plasma formation area one, and an external impurity remover two is arranged at the outer end of the vacuum chamber of the plasma formation area two.

[0033] The utility model discloses in nuclear reaction impurity processing aspect, designed the internal impurity remover between the acceleration compression area and the collision fusion area vacuum chamber, and the external impurity remover at the outer end of plasma formation area vacuum chamber, for twice removal nuclear fusion secondary reaction generated impurity (such as 4 He et al.), avoid the influence of impurity diffusion, stagnation in the formation area to the next plasma generation. The internal impurity remover can remove most of the impurities generated by the secondary reaction in the collision fusion area, and the external impurity remover further removes and processes the impurities diffused into the formation area.

[0034] The working principle of the utility model is as follows: first, the operator injects deuterium into the vacuum chamber through the gas injection port one and the gas injection port two, and passes the specific current provided by the power supply unit two on the quasi-stable coil one and the quasi-stable coil two to provide a background magnetic field in the vacuum chamber, passes the pulse current provided by the power supply unit one on the θ-pinch coil one and the θ-pinch coil two, forms a sharply changing pulse magnetic field in the plasma formation area one and the plasma formation area two, and the induced extremely high voltage ionizes the deuterium into plasma. The plasma migrates to the acceleration compression area one and the acceleration compression area two under the action of the magnetic field gradient, and when the plasma migrates to the acceleration compression area one and the acceleration compression area two, the plasma performs wall compression under the trapezoidal cylindrical structure, and the specific current provided by the power supply unit three is passed on the first magnetic compression coil one and the first magnetic compression coil two to perform the first magnetic compression on the plasma. At this time, the current on the first magnetic compression coil one and the first magnetic compression coil two can be adjusted in axial time sequence to control the speed parameter of the plasma. After the plasma on both sides accelerates to the collision fusion area and collides and fuses, the specific current provided by the power supply unit four is passed on the second magnetic compression coil to increase the plasma density and temperature to meet D+D→He 3+n, D+D→T+p initial fusion reaction conditions and D+He 3 →He 4 +H, D+T→α+p secondary reaction conditions. After the nuclear fusion reaction conditions are met, the nuclear fusion reaction begins.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided by the present invention has a step-by-step magnetic compression system, including a first magnetic compression in the acceleration compression zone and a second magnetic compression in the collision fusion zone. During the first compression process, the current amplitude and frequency of the first magnetic compression coil can be controlled by the axial timing of the power supply unit to achieve control of the plasma velocity parameters before the collision fusion.

[0037] 2. In a linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic compression coils are all arranged outside the vacuum chamber. The presence of the vacuum chamber wall can isolate the plasma and most nuclear radiation, greatly reducing the effects of nuclear fusion reaction bremsstrahlung and neutron activation on the coil material;

[0038] 3. The linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is designed with an acceleration compression zone of a trapezoidal cylindrical structure, which can perform wall compression on the plasma, which is beneficial to further optimize the plasma parameters;

[0039] 4. The linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is designed with internal and external impurity removers for removing impurities generated by the secondary reaction of nuclear fusion twice (such as 4 He, etc.), which can avoid the influence of impurities diffusion and retention in the formation area on the next plasma generation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing nuclear fusion device;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing nuclear fusion device;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a nuclear fusion device provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0044] Markings in the drawings and corresponding names of parts:

[0045] 1 - linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, 2 - collision fusion region, 3 - plasma formation region one, 4 - plasma formation region two, 5 - acceleration compression region one, 6 - acceleration compression region two, 7 - gas injection port one, 8 - gas injection port two, 9 - quasi-stable coil one, 10 - theta-pinch coil one, 11 - quasi-stable coil two, 12 - theta-pinch coil two, 13 - first magnetic compression coil one, 14 - first magnetic compression coil two, 15 - second magnetic compression coil, 16 - internal impurity cleaner, 17 - external impurity cleaner one, 18 - external impurity cleaner two, 19 - power supply system, 19-1 - power supply unit one, 19-2 - power supply unit two, 19-3 - power supply unit three, 19-4 - power supply unit four. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with examples and drawings. The schematic embodiments of the present application and the description thereof are only used to explain the present application, and not to limit the present application.

[0047] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present application can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the present application.

[0048] In the entire description, the mention of "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "one example" or "an example" means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the phrases "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "one example" or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any appropriate combination and / or sub-combination. In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the drawings provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items.

[0049] In the description of the utility model, the terms "front", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the utility model.

[0050] Embodiment 1

[0051] As Figure 3 shown, the utility model discloses a linear type magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device 1, including power supply system 19, vacuum chamber and magnet system;

[0052] The vacuum chamber includes formation area, acceleration area and fusion area that are sequentially communicated;

[0053] The magnet system includes formation coil, acceleration coil and fusion coil that are arranged outside the vacuum chamber of formation area, acceleration area and fusion area respectively;

[0054] The power supply system 19 includes a plurality of power supply units that supply power to the formation coil, acceleration coil and fusion coil respectively.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the diameters of plasma formation area one 3 and plasma formation area two 4 are greater than the diameter of the collision fusion area 2, that is, the formation area is thick, and the fusion area is thin.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, the acceleration compression area one 5 and the acceleration compression area two 6 are trapezoidal cylindrical structures.

[0057] The utility model designs the acceleration compression area in the compression control aspect, and the trapezoidal cylindrical structure of acceleration compression area can carry out wall compression to plasma, and it is beneficial to further optimization of plasma parameter.

[0058] The utility model designs the step -by -step magnetic compression system, including the first magnetic compression in acceleration compression area and the second magnetic compression in collision fusion area, and the current amplitude and frequency of the acceleration coil can be controlled through the axial time sequence of the power supply unit in the first compression process, so that the control of the plasma speed parameter before collision fusion can be realized.

[0059] The utility model arranges the magnetic compression coil outside the vacuum chamber, and the existence of the vacuum chamber wall can isolate the plasma and most of the nuclear radiation, greatly weaken the influence of the bremsstrahlung of nuclear fusion reaction and neutron activation on the coil material.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the vacuum chamber comprises a plasma formation region one 3, an acceleration compression region one 5, a collision fusion region 2, an acceleration compression region two 6, and a plasma formation region two 4 in sequence.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, the formation coils comprise a quasi-steady coil one 9, a quasi-steady coil two 11, a θ-pinch coil one 10, and a θ-pinch coil two 12.

[0062] The quasi-steady coil one 9 and the θ-pinch coil one 10 are arranged outside the plasma formation region one 3.

[0063] The quasi-steady coil two 11 and the θ-pinch coil two 12 are arranged outside the plasma formation region two 4.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, the acceleration coils comprise a first magnetic compression coil one 13 and a first magnetic compression coil two 14.

[0065] The first magnetic compression coil one 13 is arranged outside the acceleration compression region one 5.

[0066] The first magnetic compression coil two 14 is arranged outside the acceleration compression region two 6.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, the fusion coils comprise a second magnetic compression coil 15 arranged outside the collision fusion region 2.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, the power supply system comprises a power supply unit one 19-1, a power supply unit two 19-2, a power supply unit three 19-3, and a power supply unit four 19-4.

[0069] The power supply unit one 19-1 supplies power to the θ-pinch coil one 10 and the θ-pinch coil two 12.

[0070] The power supply unit two 19-2 supplies power to the quasi-steady coil one 9 and the quasi-steady coil two 11.

[0071] The power supply unit three 19-3 supplies power to the first magnetic compression coil one 13 and the first magnetic compression coil two 14.

[0072] The power supply unit four 19-4 supplies power to the second magnetic compression coil 15.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, the outer ends of the plasma formation region one 3 and the plasma formation region two 4 are respectively provided with a gas injection port one 7 and a gas injection port two 8.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, an inner impurity remover 16 is arranged between the vacuum chamber of the acceleration compression zone 5, the acceleration compression zone 6 and the collision fusion zone 2.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, an outer impurity remover one 17 is arranged at the outer end of the vacuum chamber of the plasma formation zone one 3, and an outer impurity remover two 18 is arranged at the outer end of the vacuum chamber of the plasma formation zone two 4.

[0076] The utility model discloses in the nuclear reaction impurity processing aspect, the inner impurity remover between the acceleration compression zone and the collision fusion zone vacuum chamber and the outer impurity remover at the outer end of the plasma formation zone vacuum chamber are designed for twice removal of the impurity such as 4 He et al. avoids the influence of impurity diffusion and residence in the formation zone on the next plasma generation. The inner impurity remover can remove most of the impurities generated by the secondary reaction in the collision fusion zone, and the outer impurity remover further removes and processes the impurities diffused into the formation zone.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] As Figure 3 shown, the utility model discloses a linear type magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, first operator is through the gas injection port one 7 and the gas injection port two 8 to the vacuum chamber injection deuterium, on quasi steady state coil one 9 and quasi steady state coil two 11 pass in the specific current that supply unit two 19-2 provided for the vacuum chamber provides background magnetic field, on θ -pinch coil one 10 and θ -pinch coil two 12 pass in the pulse current that supply unit one 19-1 provided, form the sharp change pulse magnetic field in plasma formation zone one 3 and plasma formation zone two 4 inductive extremely high voltage and make deuterium ionization into plasma, plasma under the action of magnetic field gradient to acceleration compression zone one 5 and acceleration compression zone two 6 migration, when plasma migration to acceleration compression zone one 5 and acceleration compression zone two 6, plasma carries out wall compression under trapezoidal cylindrical structure, on first magnetic compression coil one 13 and first magnetic compression coil two 14 pass in the specific current that supply unit three 19-3 provided to plasma first magnetic compression, when the current on first magnetic compression coil one 13 and first magnetic compression coil two 14 can be axially time -sequential adjustment to control the speed parameter of plasma. After plasma jetting to collision fusion zone 2 collision fusion, on second magnetic compression coil 15 pass in the specific current that supply unit four 19-4 provided to make plasma density and temperature increase to time -sequential satisfy D+D→He 3 +n, D+D→T+p nuclear fusion initial reaction condition and subsequent D+He 3 →He 4 +H, D+T→α+p secondary reaction condition. After satisfying the nuclear fusion reaction condition, the nuclear fusion reaction starts.

[0079] The above specific embodiments explain the purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effects of the present application in further detail, and it should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present application and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device, characterized in that: It includes a power supply system (19), a vacuum chamber and a magnet system; The vacuum chamber comprises a forming zone, an accelerating zone and a fusion zone which are connected in sequence; The magnet system includes a forming coil, an accelerating coil and a fusion coil respectively arranged outside the vacuum chambers of the forming region, the accelerating region and the fusion region; The power supply system (19) includes a plurality of power supply units for respectively supplying power to the forming coil, the accelerating coil and the fusion coil.

2. A linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum chamber includes a plasma forming zone 1 (3), an acceleration compression zone 1 (5), a collision fusion zone (2), an acceleration compression zone 2 (6) and a plasma forming zone 2 (4) which are connected in sequence.

3. A linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The forming coil includes a quasi-stable coil 1 (9), a quasi-stable coil 2 (11), a θ-pinch coil 1 (10) and a θ-pinch coil 2 (12); The quasi-steady-state coil (9) and the θ-pinch coil (10) are arranged outside the plasma formation region (3); The second quasi-steady-state coil (11) and the second θ-pinch coil (12) are arranged outside the second plasma forming region (4).

4. A linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The acceleration coil includes a first magnetic compression coil 1 (13) and a first magnetic compression coil 2 (14); The first magnetic compression coil (13) is arranged outside the acceleration compression zone (5); The first magnetic compression coil 2 (14) is arranged outside the acceleration compression zone 2 (6).

5. A linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fusion coil comprises a second magnetic compression coil (15), which is arranged outside the collision fusion zone (2).

6. A linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power supply system includes power supply unit 1 (19-1), power supply unit 2 (19-2), power supply unit 3 (19-3) and power supply unit 4 (19-4); The power supply unit 1 (19-1) supplies power to the θ-pinch coil 1 (10) and the θ-pinch coil 2 (12); The power supply unit 2 (19-2) supplies power to the quasi-steady-state coil 1 (9) and the quasi-steady-state coil 2 (11); The power supply unit three (19-3) supplies power to the first magnetic compression coil one (13) and the first magnetic compression coil two (14); The power supply unit four (19-4) supplies power to the second magnetic compression coil (15).

7. A linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer ends of the plasma forming region 1 (3) and the plasma forming region 2 (4) are respectively provided with a gas injection port 1 (7) and a gas injection port 2 (8).

8. The linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vacuum chamber between the acceleration compression zone 1 (5), the acceleration compression zone 2 (6) and the collision fusion zone (2) is provided with an internal impurity remover (16).

9. The linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An external impurity remover 1 (17) is provided at the outer end of the vacuum chamber of the plasma forming region 1 (3), and an external impurity remover 2 (18) is provided at the outer end of the vacuum chamber of the plasma forming region 2 (4).

10. The linear magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameters of the plasma forming region 1 (3) and the plasma forming region 2 (4) are larger than the diameter of the collision fusion region (2); The acceleration compression zone 1 (5) and the acceleration compression zone 2 (6) are trapezoidal cylindrical structures.

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