Electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an electronic device, comprising: a frame, one side of which is provided with a main branch and a parasitic branch at least partially opposite to each other as an antenna of the electronic device; the main branch comprises a first main body and a first extension section which are connected with each other, the first main body is located at a first part of one side edge, the first extension section is located at an upper half part of a second part of one side edge, and a first electric field is formed when current is fed into the main branch; the parasitic branch knot comprises a second main body and a second extension section which are connected with each other, the second main body is located at a third part of one side edge, the second extension section is located at the lower half part of the second part, and the first extension section and the second extension section have a first distance in the thickness direction of the electronic equipment and form an overlapped part in the thickness direction; and when the parasitic branch is excited by the first electric field, the second extension section and the first extension section form a coupling electric field, and the first electric field and the coupling electric field enable the antenna to form a circularly polarized antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] This section aims to provide background information relevant to understanding the various techniques described herein. As the title of this section implies, this is a discussion of related techniques that should in no way imply that they are necessarily prior art. Therefore, it should be understood that any statement in this section should be read in this context, rather than as an admission of any prior art.

[0003] A circularly polarized antenna is an antenna used to receive and transmit circularly polarized waves. It can also receive linearly polarized waves of any form. Circularly polarized antennas can counteract the rotational effect of the ionosphere during transmission, ensuring stable signal transmission. Therefore, circularly polarized antennas and their array technology have important applications and development prospects in satellite communication and navigation systems. Utility Model Content

[0004] This disclosure solves the above problems by providing an electronic device, specifically, according to one aspect of this disclosure, providing:

[0005] An electronic device, comprising:

[0006] A frame, one side of which is constructed with at least partially opposing main branches and parasitic branches as antennas of the electronic device; the main branch includes a first body and a first extension connected to each other, the first body being located in a first portion of the one side and the first extension being located in the upper half of a second portion of the one side, the main branch forming a first electric field when fed with current;

[0007] The parasitic branch includes a second main body and a second extension segment connected to each other. The second main body is located in a third portion on one side, and the second extension segment is located in the lower half of the second portion. The first extension segment and the second extension segment have a first spacing in the thickness direction of the electronic device and form an overlapping portion in the thickness direction.

[0008] When the parasitic branch is excited by the first electric field, the second extension segment and the first extension segment form a coupled electric field, and the first electric field and the coupled electric field cause the antenna to form a circularly polarized antenna.

[0009] Optionally, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first extension extends toward the second body and is spaced apart from the second body by a second distance, and the second extension extends toward the first body and is spaced apart from the first body by a third distance.

[0010] Optionally, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, the second spacing and / or the third spacing is between 1.2 mm and 2 mm.

[0011] Optionally, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, the extension directions of the first extension segment and the second extension segment are both corresponding to the long side direction of the electronic device.

[0012] Optionally, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, the lengths of the main branch and the parasitic branch are determined based on the resonant frequency, resonant mode, and dielectric constant of the frame of the electronic device.

[0013] Alternatively, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, the main branch operates in a quarter-wavelength resonant mode when fed with current.

[0014] Optionally, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first body includes a grounding point and a power supply point connected to the frame, the open end of the first extension forms an open circuit end, the input impedance of the power supply point corresponds to the impedance of the radio frequency transmitting circuit, and the power supply point is used to receive the signal transmitted by the radio frequency transmitting circuit.

[0015] Optionally, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the size of the overlapping portion includes the overlapping area or overlapping length of the overlapping portion, and the overlapping area and the first spacing are configured such that the antenna of the electronic device forms a circularly polarized antenna.

[0016] Optionally, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, the first extension segment has a first thickness, the second extension segment has a second thickness, the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing have the same value, or the difference between each pair of the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing is not greater than 10% of the thickness of the border; wherein the main branch and the parasitic branch are arranged aligned in the thickness direction.

[0017] Optionally, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, the frame includes a receiving portion, the main branch and the parasitic branch are disposed within the receiving portion, the receiving portion is made of a non-metallic material, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are made of a metallic material; or

[0018] The frame is made of a metallic material; wherein

[0019] When the receiving part is made of non-metallic material and the main branch and the parasitic branch are made of metallic material, the non-metallic material is plastic, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are wrapped by the receiving part. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Referring to the accompanying drawings, the above and other features of this disclosure will become apparent, wherein,

[0021] Figure 1 An exploded view of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A partially enlarged perspective view of the antenna region of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0023] Figure 3 A partially enlarged plan view of the antenna region of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the current distribution and electric field components of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the return loss of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the left-hand circular polarization gain of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the right-hand circular polarization gain of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; and

[0029] Figure 9 A partially enlarged view of an electronic device according to the present disclosure, viewed from the inside out, is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solutions of this disclosure, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of this disclosure. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solutions of this disclosure and should not be considered as the entirety of this disclosure or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solutions of this disclosure.

[0031] The directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, back, front, back, top, and bottom mentioned or possibly used in this specification are defined relative to the structures shown in the accompanying drawings. These are relative concepts and may therefore vary depending on their location and usage. Therefore, these or other directional terms should not be interpreted as restrictive. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and similar expressions are used for descriptive and distinguishing purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance of the corresponding components.

[0032] When electromagnetic waves propagate through space, the direction of their electric field changes in a certain direction; this change is called the polarization of the electromagnetic wave. In other words, the oscillating plane of the electric field defines the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. According to the way the electric field changes, the polarization of plane electromagnetic waves can be divided into three types: linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. When the trajectory traced periodically by the endpoints of the electric field vector in space is a circle or an ellipse, observed along the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, if the trajectory rotates along a right-handed spiral or clockwise over time, it is called right-handed circular polarization; if the trajectory rotates along a left-handed spiral or counterclockwise over time, it is called left-handed circular polarization.

[0033] In satellite communication systems, circularly polarized waves are frequently used because they are less affected by multipath effects and polarization distortion (for example, linearly polarized waves undergo polarization rotation when passing through the ionosphere, commonly known as "Faraday rotation"), and they do not impose strict requirements on the orientation of the receiving antenna. This means that satellite antennas using circularly polarized waves can maintain high gain within a certain angular range, which is particularly important for electronic devices with satellite communication and navigation functions, as they may need to receive signals in constantly changing directions.

[0034] A circularly polarized wave can be decomposed into two linearly polarized waves that are 90° out of phase, have equal amplitudes, and are spatially orthogonal. Similarly, two linearly polarized waves that are 90° out of phase, have equal amplitudes, and are spatially orthogonal can be synthesized into a circularly polarized wave. Utilizing this property, circularly polarized waves can be synthesized within the limited design space of electronic devices, especially mobile electronic devices, thereby improving the ability to transmit / receive satellite signals.

[0035] In circular polarization, the endpoints of the electric field vector periodically trace an ellipse in space. The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse is called the axial ratio. The axial ratio is an important performance indicator of a circularly polarized antenna; it represents the purity of circular polarization and is a crucial metric for measuring the difference in signal gain in different directions for electronic devices. The closer the axial ratio of an antenna is to 1 (meaning the endpoints of the electric field vector periodically trace a circle in space), the better its circular polarization performance. (Reference) Figure 1 and Figure 2 ,in, Figure 1An exploded view of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; and Figure 2 A partially enlarged perspective view of the antenna region of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] The electronic device 100 includes: a frame 1, one side of which is configured with at least partially opposing main branches 11 and parasitic branches 12 as antennas of the electronic device 100; the main branch 11 includes a first body 111 and a first extension 112 connected to each other, the first body being located in a first portion P1 of the one side, and the first extension being located in the upper half of a second portion P2 of the one side, the main branch forming a first electric field when fed with current; the parasitic branch 12 includes a second body 121 and a second extension 122 connected to each other, the second body being located in a third portion P3 of the one side, and the second extension being located in the lower half of the second portion, the first extension 112 and the second extension 122 having a first spacing D1 in the thickness direction of the electronic device 100 and forming an overlapping portion A in the thickness direction; and when the parasitic branch is excited by the first electric field, the second extension and the first extension form a coupled electric field, the first electric field and the coupled electric field causing the antenna to form a circularly polarized antenna.

[0037] Electronic devices should be interpreted broadly to include devices with communication functions such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, computers, wearable devices, drones, robots, and digital cameras. This application uses a mobile phone as an example for illustration; other electronic devices can be interpreted and referenced in a similar manner.

[0038] When a mobile phone is used as an electronic device, it may include: a cover, a display screen, a printed circuit board (PCB), a mid-frame, and a back cover. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover may be a glass cover, but it can also be replaced with a cover made of other materials, such as a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) cover.

[0039] The cover plate can be installed close to the display screen and is mainly used to protect the display screen and prevent dust. The display screen can include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc.

[0040] The mid-frame primarily serves to support the entire device. The mid-frame may include a frame 1 and a mid-plate 2, with the frame 1 surrounding the periphery of the mid-plate 2. A PCB may be disposed between the mid-plate 2 and the back cover. In one embodiment, the PCB may also be disposed between the mid-plate 2 and the display screen; this disclosure does not impose any limitations on this. In one example, the frame 1 and the mid-plate 2 may be connected and formed as a single piece. In another example, the frame 1 may include inwardly extending protrusions for connection with the mid-plate 2, for example, via spring clips, screws, welding, or other methods.

[0041] In this example, the main branch and parasitic branch are constructed on one side of the frame, thus utilizing the existing frame of the phone to achieve circular polarization characteristics. This eliminates the need for additional structures and complex matching networks, as well as the need for additional internal space for antennas, thereby improving space utilization and allowing the device to be made thinner and lighter. This example also details the layout of the main branch and parasitic branch on this side, specifically the arrangement between the first main body and first extension of the main branch, and the second main body and second extension of the parasitic branch. This design fully utilizes the design space provided by this side. For example, using... Figure 2 From this perspective, the first part of this side is the left part (partially not shown), the second part is the middle part, and the third part is the right part (partially not shown). This allows for a relatively compact arrangement and interaction of the two branches, and supports the formation of a circularly polarized antenna by forming overlapping portions in the thickness direction of the electronic device.

[0042] It should be noted that the second part of this disclosure can be a side edge, for example... Figure 2 The portion shown in the Y direction includes a first extension and a second extension, for example, a portion extending from the beginning of the first extension to the beginning of the second extension. The first portion described in this disclosure may be the same side edge, for example... Figure 2 The portion located to the left of the second portion (i.e., the positive direction of Y) in the Y direction shown in this disclosure, the third portion described herein may be the same side edge, for example... Figure 2 The portion shown is located to the right of the second part (i.e., the negative direction of Y) in the Y direction.

[0043] Thus, when current is fed into the main branch, a first electric field is formed, and this first electric field and... Figure 2As shown, when the parasitic stub is excited by the first electric field in the Y direction, since the main stub and the parasitic stub have an overlap A in the Z direction, a coupled electric field in the Z direction is generated between them. The first electric field and the coupled electric field are perpendicular to each other and their amplitudes are approximately the same. This arrangement of the main and parasitic stubs enables the first and coupled electric fields to achieve the characteristics of a circularly polarized antenna. It should be noted that circularly polarized antennas have advantages such as reducing multipath interference, improving signal stability, and enhancing reception and transmission efficiency, especially in mobile and satellite communications. They can also better cope with complex and dynamic propagation environments, such as multipath reflection and scattering in urban environments. This helps reduce signal attenuation and interference, thereby providing higher quality communication services.

[0044] Those skilled in the art should also know that, in response to the needs of different frequency bands and communication standards, the performance parameters (such as circular polarization bandwidth, gain, and efficiency) of circularly polarized antennas can be flexibly adjusted, for example, by adjusting the specific design of the main stub and parasitic stub (such as length, shape, spacing, degree of overlap, etc.) or by designing the dimensions of the overlapping part and the first spacing, thereby providing greater flexibility and scalability for the design and manufacture of electronic devices.

[0045] For example, the size of the overlapping portion A includes the overlapping area S or the overlapping length L of the overlapping portion A. That is, the performance of the circularly polarized antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the area or length of the overlapping portion. The adjustment of the circularly polarized antenna performance includes adjusting the phase difference between the first electric field and the coupled electric field, for example, ensuring the phase difference is 90°, and adjusting the amplitude or magnitude of the first electric field and the coupled electric field, for example, ensuring they are equal. Specifically, on the one hand, increasing the overlapping area can increase the coupling between the main branch and the parasitic branch, thereby increasing the amplitude of the coupled electric field (making the amplitudes of the first electric field and the coupled electric field closer). The overlapping area can be increased by increasing the width or length of the overlapping portion; decreasing the first spacing D1 can also increase the coupling amount, thereby increasing the amplitude of the coupled electric field, and vice versa. On the other hand, the overlapping length L of the overlapping portion is mainly used to adjust the phase of the first electric field, thereby achieving a 90° phase difference between the first electric field and the coupled electric field, ensuring better circularly polarized antenna performance.

[0046] Figure 3 A partially enlarged plan view of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown in the antenna region, wherein the first extension 112 extends toward the second body 121 and is spaced apart from the second body 121 by a second distance D2, and the second extension 122 extends toward the first body 111 and is spaced apart from the first body 111 by a third distance D3.

[0047] In this technical solution, the design of the second and third spacings allows the main branch and parasitic branch to be spaced apart in the extension direction, such as the long side of the electronic device, which can generate a Y-axis electric field component. Furthermore, by adjusting the values ​​of the second and third spacings, the phase of the Y-axis electric field can be adjusted, for example, so that the Y-axis electric field is 90° out of phase with the coupled electric field (Z-axis electric field), thereby optimizing the transmission and reception performance of electromagnetic waves and realizing the adjustment of the performance of the circularly polarized antenna to meet various communication needs.

[0048] Specifically, the second spacing D2 and / or the third spacing D3 can be selected to be between 1.2mm and 2mm, more specifically, the values ​​of the second and third spacings are around 1.5mm, with a 20% fluctuation allowed (i.e., 1.2mm-1.8mm). In this regard, by designing the second and third spacings in this way, the electromagnetic coupling strength between the main stub and the parasitic stub can be adjusted. Within this specific spacing range, a stronger coupling effect and stability can be achieved, reducing interference to other electronic components or antenna performance, thereby enhancing the circular polarization performance of the antenna. Furthermore, a reasonable spacing range can ensure antenna performance while keeping manufacturing difficulty and cost controllable. Similarly, those skilled in the art will recognize that the second and third spacings can be adjusted as needed according to actual communication requirements (e.g., frequency bands).

[0049] Regarding the extension direction, exemplarily, the extension directions of the first extension segment 112 and the second extension segment 122 both correspond to the long side direction of the electronic device 100. This arrangement makes the antenna structure more compact, eliminating the need for additional space inside or outside the device to accommodate the antenna, thereby improving the overall space utilization of the device. Furthermore, the extension direction along the long side makes it easier for the first electric field to form a Y-direction electric field component, facilitating the interaction with the coupled electric field to form a circularly polarized antenna. Structurally, it can also be seen that the design of the first and second extension segments extending along the long side direction reduces mechanical stress caused by bending or twisting of the device, thereby improving the structural stability and durability of the antenna and its resistance to physical shocks or vibrations. This design also makes it easier to measure the length of the extension segments, facilitating adjustments. In other embodiments, these two extension segments can also be designed in a curved manner, for example, bending inward or outward within the horizontal plane of the mobile phone (the plane parallel to the screen), which can also generate a Y-direction electric field component and form a circularly polarized antenna. In addition, the main branches and parasitic branches can be constructed into cuboid structures, which are easy to process and manufacture, have good structural stability, and their regular shapes make it easier to adjust and optimize parameters.

[0050] In addition to the various spacing or overlapping portion size designs mentioned above, the lengths of the main branches and parasitic branches can also be adjusted. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the lengths of the main branches 11 and the parasitic branches 12 are determined based on the resonant frequency and resonant mode of the electronic device 100 and the dielectric constant of the frame 1. In other words, by designing the lengths of the main branches and parasitic branches, it can be ensured that the electronic device achieves a resonant effect at a specific resonant frequency, meeting communication requirements. Furthermore, the length design also considers the dielectric constant of the frame or the material of the frame, so as to improve adaptability to various frame materials.

[0051] In summary, those skilled in the art can adjust various antenna parameters, such as the area and length of the overlapping portion, the first spacing, the second spacing, the third spacing, the thickness of each extension segment, and the thickness of the first main body, to regulate the amplitude and phase difference between the first electric field and the coupled electric field. Furthermore, they can achieve the desired circularly polarized antenna performance through methods such as axial ratio verification. Specifically, it is feasible to adjust the circularly polarized antenna performance of the electronic device 100 by adjusting the overlapping area S and the first spacing D1, as these two parameters primarily affect the amplitude or strength of the coupled electric field, making adjustment convenient and effective.

[0052] Specifically, in one application scenario, assuming the circularly polarized antenna is configured to operate in the transmission frequency band of the Tiantong satellite, i.e., between 1980MHz and 2010MHz, and the main stub operates in a quarter-wavelength resonant mode when fed with current, with the frame covered by a plastic material having a dielectric constant of 4, this disclosure uses 2GHz within the 1980MHz-2010MHz range as the resonant frequency for calculating the physical length of the radiating stub. The calculation can be performed with reference to the following equation:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, L eff Let be the effective length of the stub, c be the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in free space (i.e., the speed of light), f be the antenna operating frequency, and ε be the effective length of the stub. eff The effective dielectric constant of the frame is denoted as c / f. For example, the dielectric constant of a plastic frame can be chosen as 4, while that of a metal frame can be considered as 1 (e.g., when using an all-metal frame). Furthermore, c / f can also be replaced by the wavelength, which can be determined by the frequency of the input signal, or the resonant frequency.

[0055] In the above application scenario, the corresponding free-space electromagnetic wave wavelength is 150mm. In a medium with a dielectric constant of 4, the wavelength is 150 divided by the square root of 4, which equals 75mm. A quarter wavelength is 75 / 4 = 18.75mm. Therefore, the main stub length can be designed to be 18.75mm so that when the main stub is fed into the radio frequency band signal of the Tiantong transmitter, it can resonate in the 1 / 4 wavelength mode. The main stub length (effective radiation length) can be understood as... Figure 4 The diagram shows the length from the feed point in the red area to the open end of the main branch. In this regard, it can be understood that the design length of the parasitic branch is typically shorter than the length of the main branch; for example, the length of the parasitic branch can be between 0.6 and 0.9 times the length of the main branch, such as between 11.25 mm and 16.875 mm. Figure 4 As shown, the length from the open end of the parasitic branch to the grounding point of the second main body (not shown in the figure) is the length of the parasitic branch (effective radiation length). In other words, different parasitic branches can be designed by designing the length of the second extension of the parasitic branch and the location of the grounding point. Similarly, different main branches can be designed by designing the length of the first extension of the main branch and the location of the feed point.

[0056] In one example, the grounding point of the parasitic stub is set at the contact part of the first body and the second extension, that is, the effective radiation length of the parasitic stub is the length of the second extension, for example, 12mm. At this time, most of the electric field energy excited by the first electric field to the parasitic stub is used to form a coupled electric field, thereby increasing the coupled electric field component in the Z direction, so that the coupled electric field component can be close to or the same as the first electric field component in the Y direction, thereby improving the circular polarization performance of the antenna.

[0057] In one example, since the parasitic stub does not operate at the resonant frequency, its length can be calculated with a resonant frequency deviation of 200MHz (i.e., 2.2GHz). Similarly, 2.2GHz corresponds to a quarter wavelength of 17mm in a medium with a dielectric constant of 4, meaning the parasitic stub length is 17mm. This length design allows the electronic device antenna to operate in the 2-2.2GHz frequency range, resonating in the Tiantong satellite transmission band, thus meeting the communication requirements with Tiantong satellite. Other communication bands, such as the GPS band and the BeiDou satellite communication band, can be designed similarly.

[0058] Therefore, it should be understood that the 200MHz deviation is an empirical value or an optimization result, which can be flexibly adjusted to achieve specific antenna performance goals, such as multi-band operation, optimized impedance matching, or radiation efficiency. It is also understandable that the lengths of each stub are calculated as theoretical values, and in practice, a deviation within 20% is acceptable.

[0059] Furthermore, this design utilizes a quarter-wavelength resonant mode, resulting in tighter coupling between the antenna and electromagnetic waves and high energy conversion efficiency. The quarter-wavelength design also enables miniaturization by reducing the physical length of the antenna, which is particularly important for space-constrained applications such as mobile devices and wearable devices. In other implementations, a half-wavelength or single-wavelength mode can be used, with the stub length or resonant frequency adaptively adjusted according to communication requirements.

[0060] Combination Figures 4 to 8 ,in, Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the current distribution and electric field components of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the return loss of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the axial ratio of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the left-hand circular polarization gain of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; and Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the right-hand circular polarization gain of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown.

[0061] Taking the excitation of a quarter-wavelength resonant mode in the transmission frequency band of the Tiantong satellite as an example, in Figure 4 The current distribution of the main branch and the orientation of the two Y-axis and Z-axis electric field components can be seen in the image. Figure 4 The data specifically illustrates the surface current at a feed port at a specific frequency (f = 2 GHz), with a phase of 0° and a maximum surface current of 114.5 A / m. The upper right corner shows the surface current distribution in amperes per meter, indicated by different colors. Here, the structure of the main stub generates a Y-axis electric field component when fed with current. The overlap of the main stub and parasitic stub in the thickness direction of the electronic device results in electric field coupling when excited by the first electric field. These two electric fields are perpendicular to each other, supporting the circularly polarized antenna.

[0062] Figure 5 The diagram shows the main stub return loss curve under the excitation of the Tiantong satellite's transmission frequency band. Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, a parameter that characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, meaning less energy is reflected back from the antenna, and more energy actually enters the antenna, resulting in higher system efficiency. Conversely, the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss and the lower the system efficiency. It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as a standard. When the antenna's S11 value is less than -6dB, the antenna is considered to be operating normally or to have good transmission efficiency. Figure 5 It can be seen that the main branch has good radiation efficiency between 1920MHz and 2020MHz. This frequency range has covered the transmission frequency band of the Tiantong satellite. Therefore, the main branch can support the Tiantong transmission frequency band of 1.98 to 2.01GHz in quarter-wavelength resonant mode.

[0063] Figure 6 The yellow characteristic line is This represents the curve of axial ratio versus frequency at the azimuth angles of theta = 95° and phi = 130°. AR stands for Axial Ratio, and Port[6] represents the feed port. The blue characteristic line is... This represents the curves showing the axial ratio as a function of frequency at the azimuths of theta = 95° and phi = 180°. From Figure 6 As shown in the curve of the antenna axial ratio versus frequency, the antenna in this example achieves circular polarization antenna characteristics with an axial ratio of less than 5 dB in the vicinity of 1.9 to 2.02 GHz, and has the characteristics of good circular polarization performance, wide reception capability, and strong resistance to multipath interference.

[0064] It should be understood that for any point P in three-dimensional space, a circle is drawn with the origin O as the center and the distance from the origin O to point P as the radius. Theta polarization is the polarization along the tangent direction of the meridian of the circle containing point P. Physic polarization is the polarization along the tangent direction of the parallel of latitude of the circle containing point P. Abs polarization is the combination of theta polarization and phi polarization; abs is the total polarization, and theta polarization and phi polarization are its two polarization components. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The circular polarization gain, i.e., the far-field gain characteristic in the direction of 90 degrees azimuth angle, is then displayed at the Phi = 90° interface. Figure 7 In the diagram, the red line represents the farfield (f=2)[6], that is, the characteristic line drawn from the farfield data of the feed port represented by [6] at a frequency of 2GHz. The antenna operates at a frequency of 2GHz, the maximum amplitude of the main lobe is 1.19, the direction of the main lobe is 59.0 degrees, the angular width (3dB) is 119.9 degrees (the angular range corresponding to the decrease of the maximum value of the main lobe by 3dB), and the sidelobe ratio is -6.2dB, which represents the ratio of the sidelobe to the main lobe. Figure 8In the middle, the red line represents the farfield (f=2)[6], that is, the characteristic line drawn by the farfield data of the feed port represented by [6] at the frequency of 2GHz. Among them, the working frequency of the antenna is 2GHz, the maximum amplitude of the main lobe is 1.61, the direction of the main lobe is 125.0 degrees, the angular width (3dB) is 66.6 degrees (the angle range corresponding to the maximum value of the main lobe drops by 3dB), and the sidelobe ratio is -3.7dB, which represents the ratio of the sidelobe to the main lobe. Here, the main lobe of the left-hand circular polarization gain is in the direction of theta=59°, and the main lobe of the right-hand circular polarization is in the direction of theta=125°. That is, different single circular polarization characteristics are realized on the screen side (corresponding to the right-hand diagram) and the battery cover side (corresponding to the left-hand diagram) of the mobile phone, respectively. It should be understood that the angle of theta is different. In addition, through Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can also be seen that the gain of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization is roughly the same. In summary, the antenna design in this example enables the mobile phone to maintain good communication performance under different directions and orientations, improving the stability and reliability of communication.

[0065] refer to Figure 9 The image shows a partially magnified view of the antenna region of an electronic device according to the present disclosure, viewed from the inside out.

[0066] The first body 111 includes a ground point 1111 and a power supply point 1112 connected to the frame 1. The open end of the first extension 112 forms an open circuit end 1121. The input impedance of the power supply point 1112 corresponds to the impedance of the radio frequency transmitting circuit. The power supply point 1112 is used to receive the signal transmitted by the radio frequency transmitting circuit.

[0067] Therefore, the length of the main branch can also be understood as the distance from the grounding point to the open-circuit end of the main branch, where the grounding point is sometimes also called the return point (reference potential). Similarly, the second main body of the parasitic branch has a corresponding grounding point 1211, and the second extension of the parasitic branch has a corresponding open-circuit end 1221. In this technical solution, the input impedance of the feed point and the impedance of the RF terminal of the transmitting circuit are designed accordingly, that is, impedance matching between the two is achieved. The purpose is to reduce the reflection loss caused by impedance matching, ensure that the signal can be efficiently transmitted from the circuit to the antenna and radiated into space, so that the antenna can effectively radiate and receive electromagnetic waves, thereby giving the antenna better performance in a specific frequency band (such as the Tiantong satellite transmitting frequency band) and improving the signal transmission efficiency and stability of the entire communication system. For example, the RF end impedance is selected as 50 ohms (the RF end can be used as an impedance line, making it easy to set the impedance to the target value). To achieve impedance matching with the RF end, those skilled in the art know that the antenna impedance can be changed by adjusting the feed position, matching network, or adjusting the stub radiator structure. For instance, the feed point can be designed close to the ground point (the closer to the ground point, the lower the impedance). It should be understood that in this example, the input impedance of 50 ohms is within the low impedance range; therefore, feeding near the ground point makes impedance matching easier.

[0068] Regarding the dimensional design of the first and second extension segments, it is feasible for the first extension segment 112 to have a first thickness W1 and the second extension segment 122 to have a second thickness W2, wherein the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing have the same value, or the difference between each pair of the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing is not greater than 10% of the thickness of the frame.

[0069] Specifically, the first thickness W1, the first spacing D1, and the second thickness W2 can all be selected as 1.6 mm, and their sum is equivalent to the thickness of the metal portion of the electronic device frame, approximately 5 mm. This design maintains impedance continuity; otherwise, abrupt changes in the radiator impedance might occur. In other words, from the thickness direction of the electronic device, the upper surface of the first main body of the main branch and the upper surface of the first extension are flush with the upper surface of the second main body of the parasitic branch, and the lower surface of the first main body of the main branch is flush with the lower surface of the second main body of the parasitic branch and the lower surface of the second extension. Alternatively, the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 are aligned in the thickness direction, thus ensuring the compactness of the entire electronic device frame while maintaining the expected performance of the circularly polarized antenna. Those skilled in the art can adjust these values ​​according to actual conditions; for example, a fluctuation of 20% or more may be allowed depending on the specific project, satisfying the need for flexible design of the thickness and layout of the first and second extensions while maintaining the expected performance of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0070] Regarding the materials used in the electronic device, according to some embodiments of this disclosure, the frame 1 includes a receiving portion 13, in which the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 are disposed, the receiving portion 13 being made of a non-metallic material, and the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 being made of a metallic material; or the frame 1 is made of a metallic material.

[0071] This technical solution provides two different examples of material selection. When the main branch and parasitic branch are housed within a non-metallic material enclosure, the insulating properties of the non-metallic material help reduce current leakage and interference, allowing the current to flow more concentratedly between the main branch and parasitic branch. This optimized current distribution helps improve the antenna's radiation efficiency. Furthermore, the enclosure provides protection, enhancing the antenna's structural stability and reducing potential deformation or damage during transportation and use. In particular, non-metallic materials with good corrosion resistance and insulation properties can be selected to provide additional protection for the metallic main branch and parasitic branch, preventing them from being eroded and damaged by the external environment. The enclosure design can also meet aesthetic requirements. On the other hand, by constructing the entire frame 1 from a metallic material, the enclosure design is eliminated, simplifying the manufacturing process and helping to reduce the weight of the entire antenna module and lower production costs. Those skilled in the art can flexibly select the material configuration for electronic devices according to different application scenarios and requirements.

[0072] It is feasible to use plastic as the non-metallic material when the receiving part 13 is made of non-metallic material and the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 are made of metallic material, and the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 are wrapped by the receiving part 13.

[0073] This technique can be understood as a form of MDA (Mechanical Design Antenna) construction, where the antenna and frame are constructed by encasing metal in plastic. In detail, plastic, as a non-metallic material, has advantages such as light weight, good processing performance, and low cost, and is highly adaptable to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. In the antenna structure, the plastic housing provides good insulation and a certain degree of protection, preventing the metal material from being directly exposed to the external environment and suffering corrosion or damage. It also provides structural support and stability, helping to reduce the impact of external interference on antenna performance. Furthermore, the appearance design of the electronic device in the antenna area is undertaken by the housing; that is, the main branches and parasitic branches are not visible, thus possessing a certain aesthetic appeal. Different aesthetic effects can be achieved through the aesthetic design of the housing to meet the needs of different users.

[0074] In terms of specific processes, the frame 1 can be constructed using injection molding. The frame 1, or the mid-frame of the phone (including the main branches and parasitic branches), is initially a metal part, and then the receiving portion 13 is formed through injection molding, allowing the main branches 11 and parasitic branches 12 to be disposed within or enclosed by the receiving portion 13. It is understandable that the application of injection molding makes the design of the receiving portion more flexible. Through mold design, receiving portions of various shapes and structures can be easily molded, exhibiting strong adaptability and enabling high integration of the frame with the main branches and parasitic branches. Furthermore, it is exemplarily combined with... Figure 9 The frame 1 includes a step 14, which is constructed on the third part of one side adjacent to the parasitic branch 12, and the step extends outward in the positive direction (perpendicular to the plane containing the Y and Z directions) of the X direction, and optionally also extends beyond the parasitic branch in the positive and negative directions of the Z direction, thereby providing space for the receiving part to be formed by injection molding, and enabling the injection-molded receiving part to be flush with the step outward, so that the entire frame has a neat appearance.

[0075] Besides injection molding, the above design can also be achieved through nano-molding technology (NMT). Specifically, the metal surface is first nano-sized to create nanoscale depressions. Then, molten plastic material is injected into these nano-depressions using an injection molding process. The anchoring effect formed after cooling and solidification enables the metal and plastic to bond at the nanoscale. If necessary, the injection-molded product can undergo subsequent processing and treatment, such as trimming, grinding, and polishing. In summary, nano-molding not only provides strong material bonding and design flexibility but also enables lightweight manufacturing of products.

[0076] It should be understood that all the above preferred embodiments are exemplary and not restrictive, and various modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described above under the concept of this disclosure should be within the legal protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: A frame, one side of which is constructed with at least partially opposing main branches and parasitic branches serving as an antenna for the electronic device; The main branch includes a first body and a first extension connected to each other. The first body is located in a first part of the one side, and the first extension is located in the upper half of a second part of the one side. When the main branch is fed with current, a first electric field is formed. The parasitic branch includes a second body and a second extension connected to each other, the second body being located in a third portion on one side, the second extension being located in the lower half of the second portion, the first extension and the second extension having a first spacing in the thickness direction of the electronic device and forming an overlapping portion in the thickness direction; as well as When the parasitic branch is excited by the first electric field, the second extension segment and the first extension segment form a coupled electric field, and the first electric field and the coupled electric field cause the antenna to form a circularly polarized antenna.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first extension extends toward the second body and is spaced apart from the second body by a second distance, and the second extension extends toward the first body and is spaced apart from the first body by a third distance.

3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the second spacing and / or the third spacing is between 1.2 mm and 2 mm.

4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the extension directions of the first extension segment and the second extension segment are both corresponding to the long side direction of the electronic device.

5. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the lengths of the main branch and the parasitic branch are determined based on the resonant frequency, resonant mode, and dielectric constant of the frame of the electronic device.

6. The electronic device according to claim 5, wherein the main branch operates in a quarter-wavelength resonant mode when fed with current.

7. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first body includes a grounding point and a power supply point connected to the frame, the open end of the first extension forms an open circuit end, the input impedance of the power supply point corresponds to the impedance of the radio frequency transmitting circuit, and the power supply point is used to receive the signal transmitted by the radio frequency transmitting circuit.

8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the dimension of the overlapping portion includes the overlapping area or overlapping length of the overlapping portion, the overlapping area and the first spacing are configured such that the antenna of the electronic device forms a circularly polarized antenna.

9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first extension segment has a first thickness, the second extension segment has a second thickness, the first thickness, the second thickness, and the first spacing have the same value, or the difference between any pair of the first thickness, the second thickness, and the first spacing is not greater than 10% of the thickness of the frame; wherein, The main branch and the parasitic branch are aligned in the thickness direction.

10. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the frame includes a receiving portion, the main branch and the parasitic branch are disposed within the receiving portion, the receiving portion is made of a non-metallic material, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are made of a metallic material; or The frame is made of a metallic material; wherein When the receiving part is made of non-metallic material and the main branch and the parasitic branch are made of metallic material, the non-metallic material is plastic, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are wrapped by the receiving part.

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