Numerical control machining tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a numerical control machining machine tool which comprises a machining moving module, a machining main shaft, a clamping main shaft, a control module and a machine frame. The control module can control the machining moving module to drive the machining main shaft to move along the machining track and swing along the machining angle, the control module can control the machining main shaft to rotate a tool, and the control module can control the clamping main shaft to rotate a workpiece. The control module can control the clamping main shaft to directionally rotate a workpiece, cutting machining of circumferential rotation of the workpiece can be achieved without fitting of double linear shafts, on the basis, the machining main shaft is driven by the machining moving module to move along a machining track and swing along a machining angle, special rotary body type workpieces can be conveniently machined, and machining efficiency is improved. And multi-angle cutting machining can be achieved, complex workpiece surfaces with inclined faces or curved faces can be machined conveniently, and a user can use the tool conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining technology, specifically a CNC machining tool. Background Technology

[0002] In existing CNC machine tools used for multi-axis linkage cutting, there are generally two components: a tool axis for cutting and a workpiece clamping table for clamping the workpiece. After clamping the workpiece, the workpiece clamping table can generally only move along the X and Y axes. Most machine tools can only simulate the cutting of the tool relative to the workpiece through the linkage of the X and Y axes (that is, the workpiece actually rotates around the tool on the X and Y axes). This motion mode is inconvenient when machining special rotating workpieces (such as external gears, internal gears, worm gears, etc.), and the accuracy depends entirely on the accuracy of the fitting movement along the X and Y axes (i.e., fitting circular movement along two linear axes). The accuracy of the fitting circular movement is limited, which is not conducive to machining quality and efficiency.

[0003] In addition, existing workpiece clamping tables generally require manual repeated loading and unloading (i.e., disassembling processed workpieces and clamping unprocessed workpieces). The manual clamping method is not convenient to use with automatic loading and unloading equipment (such as robotic arms, hoisting gantry, etc.), which is not conducive to improving processing efficiency and convenience.

[0004] To address the above shortcomings, we need to develop a CNC machine tool that meets users' needs. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the aforementioned problems with existing CNC machine tools, such as reliance on dual linear axes for circular machining, the need for manual assembly and disassembly of clamping mechanisms, and the inconvenience of machining special rotating workpieces, the technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve these problems is as follows:

[0006] A CNC machining tool includes a machining movement module for driving the movement of a cutting tool, a machining spindle for clamping the cutting tool, a clamping spindle for clamping the workpiece, a control module for controlling the machining movement module, and a frame for mounting the various functional modules. The machining spindle is equipped with a cutting tool tie rod device for facilitating the clamping of the cutting tool, and the clamping spindle is equipped with a workpiece tie rod device for facilitating the clamping of the workpiece.

[0007] The control module can control the machining movement module to drive the machining spindle to move along the machining trajectory and swing along the machining angle, the control module can control the machining spindle to rotate the cutting tool, and the control module can control the clamping spindle to rotate the workpiece.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a flushing and chip removal circulation system for cleaning debris, the flushing and chip removal circulation system including a debris collection channel installed on the frame, a body flushing nozzle and a filter backwashing device, the debris collection channel being located below the clamping turntable of the clamping spindle, the spray end of the body flushing nozzle facing the surface of the debris collection channel, and the discharge end of the debris collection channel being connected to the filter backwashing device of the flushing and chip removal circulation system.

[0009] Furthermore, the frame also includes a housing for surrounding and protecting the machine body. The housing has a doorway for external mechanical equipment to enter and exit, and a pneumatic door assembly installed on the doorway. The door of the pneumatic door assembly can be directionally moved relative to the frame to open and close the doorway.

[0010] Furthermore, the workpiece tie rod device can drive the clamping piston through the first piston cylinder to move the first tie rod to lock or release the workpiece clamping.

[0011] Furthermore, the tool drawbar device can lock the tool clamping by pressing the second drawbar member with a disc spring, and the tool drawbar device can release the tool clamping by driving the tool-breaking piston with the second piston cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the machining moving module includes a horizontal moving mechanism mounted on the frame, a vertical moving mechanism mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism, and a tool swinging mechanism mounted on the vertical moving mechanism, with the machining spindle mounted on the tool swinging mechanism;

[0013] The control module can control the horizontal moving mechanism to drive the machining spindle to move horizontally relative to the clamping spindle.

[0014] The control module can control the vertical moving mechanism to drive the machining spindle to move vertically relative to the clamping spindle;

[0015] The control module can control the tool swing mechanism to drive the machining spindle to tilt relative to the clamping spindle at a machining angle.

[0016] Furthermore, the control module includes an optical detection unit for detecting the actual moving position, and the optical detection unit is respectively installed in the horizontal moving mechanism, the vertical moving mechanism and the tool swinging mechanism.

[0017] Furthermore, the horizontal moving mechanism includes a horizontal moving base and a synchronous belt drive mechanism. The horizontal moving base is slidably connected to the frame via a slide rail assembly, and the control module controls the synchronous belt drive mechanism to drive the horizontal moving base to move in a specific direction.

[0018] Furthermore, the tool swing mechanism includes a fixed shaft frame mounted on the vertical moving mechanism, a movable shaft frame hinged to the fixed shaft frame, and a locking mechanism mounted on the fixed shaft frame. The locking mechanism has a limiting member that can apply a force to the movable shaft frame, and the limiting member applies a force to the movable shaft frame to limit the rotation position of the movable shaft frame.

[0019] Furthermore, the optical detection unit uses a grating ruler sensor to detect the movement positions of the horizontal and vertical moving mechanisms.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0021] 1. The control module of this utility model can control the workpiece to rotate in an oriented manner by clamping the spindle. It can achieve the cutting of the workpiece in a circular rotation without the need for fitting through two linear axes. On this basis, combined with the machining movement module to drive the machining spindle to move along the machining trajectory and swing along the machining angle, it can facilitate the machining of special rotating workpieces, realize multi-angle cutting, facilitate the machining of complex workpiece surfaces with inclined or curved surfaces, and make it convenient for users.

[0022] 2. This utility model can use a grating ruler to detect the movement position of the horizontal and vertical moving mechanisms, avoiding the reduction in processing accuracy caused by transmission gaps during movement. Direct detection at the moving terminal position can ensure the accuracy of position acquisition, reduce errors and omissions in intermediate transmission links, form a detection closed loop, and improve processing accuracy, processing quality and processing efficiency.

[0023] 3. The tool swing mechanism of this utility model adopts a locking mechanism to limit the rotation position, enhances the relative stability of the fixed shaft and the movable shaft during processing, and enables the fixed shaft and the movable shaft to achieve a relatively stable static state during processing. This avoids the decrease in processing accuracy caused by the transmission clearance after the movable shaft is positioned. It is suitable for processing workpieces with high hardness and enhances the machine tool's ability to resist mechanical vibrations generated during processing.

[0024] 4. This utility model adopts a flushing and chip removal circulation system that facilitates the cleaning of debris. An organic flushing nozzle is installed on the machine frame to flush away the discrete debris generated during the machining process, preventing debris from clogging the machine frame and affecting the machining. The flushed discrete debris enters the flushing and chip removal circulation system for filtration, and the filtered clean cutting fluid continues to be supplied to the machine tool for circulation flushing. On this basis, a filter backflushing device is used during the filtration process to clean the debris accumulated in the filter, preventing debris from clogging the filter pipe and flushing nozzle. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a CNC machine tool according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a front view of a CNC machine tool according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a side view of a CNC machine tool according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of the internal structure of a CNC machine tool according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a front view of the internal structure of a CNC machine tool according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a side view of the internal structure of a CNC machine tool according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 6 One of the AA sectional views (structural diagram of the moving module).

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 6 The second AA section view (machining spindle structure diagram).

[0033] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the machining spindle of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a top view of the machining spindle of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the clamping spindle of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] like Figures 1 to 6 The CNC machine tool shown includes a machining movement module 1 for driving the tool movement, a machining spindle 2 for clamping the tool, a clamping spindle 3 for clamping the workpiece, a control module 4 for controlling the machining movement module 1, and a frame 5 for mounting the various functional modules.

[0039] More specifically, the frame 5 is the load-bearing skeleton of the machine tool on the ground, and also the body skeleton used to install various functional modules. The frame 5 is generally composed of structural components such as box, plate, and pipe steel to form an integral steel frame structure with good load-bearing strength. On the side of the bottom of the frame 5 that is in contact with the ground, there are multiple adjustable support feet 51 distributed in different positions. Users can adjust the horizontal deviation of the frame 5 by adjusting the adjustable support feet 51, and can also use the adjustable support feet 51 to adapt to uneven ground conditions.

[0040] More specifically, the machining movement module 1 is a machining motion system mounted on the frame 5 for driving the machining spindle 2 to move linearly and rotate tilted relative to the clamping spindle 3. The machining movement module 1 can adopt a two-axis (i.e., horizontal axis and vertical axis) or three-axis (i.e., X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis) linear movement system. The machining movement module 1 can be slidably connected to the frame 5 by a slide rail assembly 14. The slide rail component of the slide rail assembly 14 is mounted on the frame 5, and the slider component of the slide rail assembly 14 is mounted on the machining movement module 1. The machining movement module 1 is driven by the machine tool (which can adopt one of the following driving methods and driving devices: motor drive, pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, etc.) to slide on the slide rail component to achieve movement (linear movement) along the machining trajectory. For two or more axial linear movements, mutually perpendicular slide rail components can be installed to meet the movement requirements. On this basis, the machining movement module 1 can be hinged and driven by the machine tool (which can adopt one of the following transmission methods: motor direct drive, chain drive, belt drive, worm gear drive, gear drive, etc.) to swing relative to the workpiece at the machining angle (tilting swing) to meet the machining requirements of complex structures.

[0041] More specifically, the machining spindle 2 is a tool drive spindle used to mount cutting tools. Driven by the machine tool (using a motor drive), the machining spindle 2 drives the cutting tool to rotate at high speed to perform cutting operations. To further facilitate tool clamping, the machining spindle 2 is equipped with a tool drawbar device 21 for easy tool clamping. The machine tool (which can use one of the following drive methods: motor drive, pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, etc.) drives the drawbar of the tool drawbar device 21 to lock or release the tool clamping, which can further enhance the stability of tool clamping.

[0042] More specifically, the clamping spindle 3 is a workpiece drive spindle used to mount the workpiece. Driven by the machine tool (using a motor drive), the clamping spindle 3 drives the workpiece to rotate in coordination with the machining spindle 2 to achieve circumferential machining of the workpiece. To further facilitate workpiece clamping, the clamping spindle 3 is equipped with a workpiece pull rod device 32 for easy workpiece clamping. The workpiece pull rod device 32 is driven by the machine tool (which can use one of the following drive methods: motor drive, pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, etc.) to lock or release the workpiece clamping, which can further enhance the stability of workpiece clamping.

[0043] More specifically, control module 4 is a control system (which can be a computer operating system or a PLC control system) used by the machine tool to control the movement of the machining trajectory and calculate the machining accuracy. Control module 4 includes a calculation processing unit for logical operations, sensor components for connecting and collecting data from various functional modules, and an operation display panel for user visualization. The user inputs the workpiece machining program into the data storage of the calculation processing unit in advance through the operation display panel (either manually or by data import). Control module 4 has a CNC machining system that can plan machining trajectories and convert machining data. The user can control the machining movement module 1 to drive the machining spindle 2 to move along the machining trajectory and swing along the machining angle through control module 4 (either manually or automatically). This achieves the tool movement along the machining trajectory. Control module 4 controls the machining spindle 2 to rotate the tool, achieving high-speed cutting. Control module 4 also controls the clamping spindle 3 to rotate the workpiece, enabling the workpiece to perform rotary cutting with the tool, thus meeting the user's needs for machining various workpieces with complex shapes or structures.

[0044] Another embodiment 101 as embodiment 1:

[0045] The machining moving module 1 can also be connected to the frame 5 using a screw (instead of a slide rail). The linear movement of the machining moving module 1 is achieved by rotating the screw through a motor and using thread transmission. For two or more axial linear movements, mutually perpendicular screws can be installed to meet the movement requirements.

[0046] Another embodiment 102 as embodiment 1:

[0047] The processing moving module 1 is slidably connected to the frame 5 using a slide rail assembly 14. The linear movement of the processing moving module 1 is achieved by rotating the screw component driven by a motor and using thread transmission. For two or more axial linear movements, mutually perpendicular transmission components (slide rail components and screw components) can be installed to meet the movement requirements.

[0048] Example 2:

[0049] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 4 and Figure 8The CNC machine tool shown in this embodiment includes a machining spindle 2 for mounting on a machining moving module 1. A tool drawbar device 21 is located inside the spindle housing. The tool drawbar device 21 can lock the tool clamping by pressing a second drawbar member 213 against a disc spring 214. The tool drawbar device 21 can also release the tool clamping by driving a tool-removing piston 212 against the second drawbar member 213 through a second piston cylinder 211 (which can be driven by a motor, pneumatic, or hydraulic system). 21 has a mating end face 215 and a mating conical surface 216 on one side for clamping the tool to limit the tool's installation position. The mating end face 215 is a flat surface or structural plane for limiting the axial positioning of the tool, and the mating conical surface 216 is a conical structural surface for limiting the radial positioning of the tool. Through the limitation of axial positioning and radial positioning, the installation position of the tool is fully limited, ensuring that the tool has stable cutting rigidity. Under the tensioning force of the second tie rod 213, the tool meets the machining requirements of high speed and high torque.

[0050] When installing the machining spindle 2, the spindle housing is mounted on the machining moving module 1 via the slide rail assembly 14. The machining moving module 1 is driven by the machine tool to move the machining spindle 2 up and down along the slide rail assembly 14, thereby realizing the directional (Z-axis) lifting and lowering movement of the machining spindle 2.

[0051] When clamping the tool, the user inserts a tool with an HSK tool holder into the tool drawbar device 21. The machine tool then activates an external hydraulic device to draw hydraulic oil away from the second piston cylinder 211. The hydraulic pressure drives the tool-removing piston 212 to move away from the second drawbar 213. This causes the drawbar to retract and tighten due to the elastic restoring force of the disc spring 214. As the sliding sleeve moves towards the inside of the tool drawbar device 21, the outer diameter surface of the sliding sleeve contacts the inner surface of the deformable sleeve of the tool drawbar device 21. Under the influence of the tensioning force of the second drawbar 213, the sliding sleeve presses against the deformable sleeve, causing the deformable sleeve to expand outward. During this expansion, the barbed protrusion of the deformable sleeve presses against the clamping cone surface inside the HSK tool holder, causing the tool to tighten upward. On this basis, the clamping cone surface of the tool contacts the mating cone surface, and the clamping end face of the machining tool contacts the mating end face, forming a clamping and fastening effect of two contact surfaces, thus achieving stable clamping of the machining tool.

[0052] During cutting, the machine tool's drive motor drives the transmission mechanism to rotate the tool drawbar device 21, allowing the cutting tool to rotate and contact the workpiece for cutting, thus realizing the cutting process of the machine tool's machining spindle.

[0053] When disassembling the tool, the user starts the external hydraulic device of the machine tool to drive the tool-removing piston 212 to move toward the second tie rod 213. The tool-removing piston 212 is pressed against the second tie rod 213 by the oil pressure and generates a pushing force greater than the tension of the second tie rod 213, so that the second tie rod 213 moves toward the tool. After the sliding sleeve is pushed out by the movement of the second tie rod 213, it disengages from the deformable sleeve clamp. The deformable sleeve clamp elastically resets and disengages from the clamping cone surface inside the HSK tool holder, thus realizing the loosening and disassembly of the machining tool.

[0054] Another embodiment 201 as embodiment 2:

[0055] like Figures 9 to 10 As shown, the spindle housing 23 has at least two guide surfaces 24 for machine tool lifting drive. Each guide surface 24 is neither overlapping nor parallel. The guide surfaces 24 are parallel to the tool rotation axis of the machining spindle 2. Adjacent guide surfaces 24 form an inclined angle α, which ranges from 5 to 120 degrees. The angle α directly affects the distance between the guide surface 24 and the outermost position of the spindle housing 23. The larger the angle α, the lower the effect on stability; the smaller the angle α, the more significant the effect on stability. The stability is better when the included angle α is 60 degrees or 45 degrees. More specifically, the adjacent guide rail surfaces 24 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the plane where the tool rotation axis of the machining spindle 2 is located. The tool drawbar device 21 is located within the included angle range of the included angle α. Compared with the traditional guide rail surfaces 24 that are parallel or coincident, the guide rail surfaces 24 with this arrangement have better stability in lifting and moving. They can further resist the impact generated by cutting, reduce the mechanical vibration of the cutting process, facilitate stable cutting feed, and improve machining quality, machining accuracy and machining efficiency.

[0056] Example 3:

[0057] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 4 and Figure 11The CNC machining tool shown in this embodiment includes a clamping spindle 3 comprising a fixed spindle platform 33 and a movable spindle platform 34. A workpiece pull rod device 32 is installed inside the movable spindle platform 34. The workpiece pull rod device 32 can drive the clamping piston 322 via the first piston cylinder 321 to drive the first pull rod 323 to lock or release the workpiece clamping. The fixed spindle platform 33 is a fixed base for mounting the clamping spindle 3 on the machine frame 5, used to stably position the clamping spindle 3 on the machine frame 5. The movable spindle platform 342 is a clamping base for clamping the workpiece to be processed. A clamping turntable 31 is installed on one side of the movable spindle platform 342 for mounting the workpiece. A limiting rotation assembly (which can be a bearing, bushing, or other self-lubricating accessory) is installed between the fixed spindle platform 33 and the movable spindle platform 34 to facilitate the flexible rotation of the movable spindle platform 34. The movable spindle platform 34 restricts its own installation position through the limiting rotation assembly to meet the coaxiality requirement with the fixed spindle platform 33 and the load-bearing limit requirement during rotation.

[0058] More specifically, during use (by manual placement or automated equipment placement), the workpiece is placed on the clamping turntable 31 of the movable axis table 34. The machine tool drives the workpiece tie rod device 32 to move towards the position near the bottom of the workpiece and lock it in place. After starting the machining spindle 2, the machine tool drives the clamping spindle 3 to rotate to cooperate with the tool on the tool axis for cutting (rotary cutting or curved surface cutting can be performed). Based on this, users can use this cutting method to process standard workpieces or irregular workpieces that require rotary cutting, such as external gears, internal gears, and worm gears. Compared with traditional machine tools that use dual linear axes to fit curved trajectories for movement, the clamping spindle 3 of this utility model can achieve workpiece circumferential rotation cutting without the need for dual linear axis fitting. It can also meet the requirements of stable clamping and rapid clamping. The workpiece can stably withstand the force generated by cutting, which enhances the stability of workpiece clamping and helps to ensure the processing quality and efficiency of the workpiece.

[0059] In another embodiment 301 of embodiment 3:

[0060] The clamping spindle 3 includes a detachable tooling fixture 35, which is detachably mounted on the clamping turntable 31. The tooling fixture 35 can be customized according to the size or shape of the workpiece being processed, or according to the user's needs. In this embodiment, the tooling fixture 35 extends toward the workpiece pull rod device 32 with a clamped end that can be used for stable clamping. The workpiece pull rod device 32 has a clamping end for locking the tooling fixture 35. One of the clamping end 4 and the clamped end is a sleeve structure, and the other of the clamping end and the clamped end is a column structure. The column structure extends into the sleeve structure and then connects (using one of the detachable connection structures such as threads, snaps, undercuts, or locks) to form a stable connection structure. After connection, the workpiece pull rod device 32 extends toward the far... The tooling fixture 35 is tightened in the direction away from the tooling fixture 35, making the placement of the tooling fixture 35 more stable on the surface of the clamping spindle 3. This helps to resist the mechanical vibration and cutting force generated by subsequent cutting. More specifically, the tooling fixture 35 is equipped with a clamping part (which can be a three-jaw chuck, telescopic jaw, or other tools) that can determine the clamping center. When a workpiece with a rotating structure or a rotary cutting method is installed on the tooling fixture 35, the clamping part can help the workpiece quickly determine the clamping center and complete the stable clamping during clamping (driven manually or by the machine tool). This simplifies the clamping process and improves clamping efficiency. The clamping and releasing of the clamping part can also be driven by the machine tool, which helps to realize the automated loading and unloading clamping steps.

[0061] Example 4:

[0062] Based on Example 1, such as Figures 1 to 3The CNC machining tool shown also includes a flushing and chip removal circulation system 6 for cleaning chips. Specifically, during the machining process, the machine tool generates a large amount of material chips due to cutting. These chips will disperse and splash around the machining spindle 2 and the clamping spindle 3. If the chips are not cleaned in time, they will accumulate into chip piles that affect machining and clamping. At best, this will affect clamping accuracy and machining quality; at worst, it will affect workpiece cutting and mechanism operation. The flushing and chip removal circulation system 6 is a flushing and filtering system used to clean and filter chips so that the cutting fluid can circulate and spray the tool and workpiece. The flushing and chip removal circulation system 6 includes a chip collection channel 61 installed on the frame 5, a machine body flushing nozzle 62, and a filter backflushing device 63. Shaft 3 is equipped with a clamping turntable 31 for placing and rotating workpieces. The chip collection channel 61 is a chip receiving plate installed in the space below the clamping turntable 31 to collect chips. The chip collection channel 61 is made of thin plates spliced ​​to form a watertight flow guiding structure with an inclined surface. The inclined surface guides the cutting fluid mixed with chips after rinsing to flow to the lower position of the inclined surface under the influence of natural gravity. The chip collection channel 61 is connected to the interior of the flushing and chip removal circulation system 6 through the ramp interface. The cutting fluid mixed with chips can flow into the flushing and chip removal circulation system 6 along the ramp interface to receive filtration and backwashing. The filtered cutting fluid is re-supplied to the machine tool to spray the cutting tool and workpiece, forming a cutting fluid circulation supply effect.

[0063] More specifically, the body flushing nozzle 62 is a spray nozzle installed on the frame 5 near the chip collection channel 61. The spraying end of the body flushing nozzle 62 faces the surface of the chip collection channel 61, or the spraying end of the body flushing nozzle 62 faces the workpiece clamped on the clamping spindle 3. Two or more body flushing nozzles 62 can be set to simultaneously flush the workpiece or the chip collection channel 61, so that the chips generated during processing detach from the surface of the workpiece. The discrete chips flow along the chip collection channel 61 into the flushing and chip removal circulation system 6 for processing. The discharge end of 1 is connected to the filter backwash device 63 of the flushing and chip removal circulation system 6. The filter backwash device 63 is a composite device of the flushing and chip removal circulation system 6 for filtration and anti-clogging. After collecting the incoming cutting fluid, it first filters out the debris in the liquid, and then backwashes the filtration system so that the debris on the filter screen or filter element can fall off and leave, ensuring the long-term filtration effect of the filter screen or filter element and avoiding clogging of the filter screen or filter element. After filtration and backwashing, the filtered cutting fluid is re-supplied to the machine body flushing nozzle 62 for cutting fluid spraying.

[0064] Example 5:

[0065] Based on Example 1, such as Figures 1 to 3The CNC machine tool shown includes a frame 5 and a housing 7 for surrounding and protecting the machine body. The housing 7 is a protective structure for isolating the machining environment. The housing 7 can be formed by multiple sheet metal parts surrounding the frame 5 to form an enclosed box structure. The interior of the housing 7 is the machining area. The housing 7 ensures that the chips and cutting fluid generated during machining will not splash to the outside of the machining area, and can also prevent people from accidentally entering the machining area during machining, which could lead to safety accidents. A horizontal sliding door that can be opened or closed is installed near the operation display panel of the housing 7. The sliding door can be opened or closed manually or automatically by mechanical means (through pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, motor drive, etc.) so that users can enter the machining area to work or maintain the machine when the machine tool is stopped.

[0066] More specifically, the outer casing 7 is provided with a doorway 71 on the side near the clamping spindle 3, which allows external mechanical equipment (such as robotic arms, hoisting gantry, and other automated loading and unloading equipment) to enter and exit. To ensure the enclosure of the processing area during processing, the outer casing 7 is equipped with a pneumatic door assembly 72 that can cover the doorway 71. The pneumatic door assembly 72 can be raised and lowered relative to the doorway 71 to achieve the effect of opening or closing, so that external mechanical equipment can extend into the processing area to clamp and pick up the workpiece, thereby realizing automated loading and unloading. Preferably, the doorway 71 and the horizontal sliding door are located on the vertical structural surface of the outer casing 7 near the clamping spindle 3 but not on the same side, to avoid conflicts between human and machine entry and exit.

[0067] As another embodiment 501 of embodiment 5, an anti-slip plate 8 with a layered stepped structure is provided below the horizontal sliding door of the outer shell 7. The anti-slip plate 8 has multiple regularly arranged anti-slip through holes. The opening of the anti-slip through holes has anti-slip serrations. The anti-slip through holes adopt an elliptical opening shape to facilitate users to step on and clamp tools or workpieces, and avoid safety accidents caused by slipping due to oil stains.

[0068] Example 6:

[0069] Based on Example 1, such as Figures 1 to 6The CNC machine tool shown includes a machining movement module 1 comprising a horizontal movement mechanism 11 mounted on a frame 5, a vertical movement mechanism 12 mounted on the horizontal movement mechanism 11, and a tool oscillation mechanism 13 mounted on the vertical movement mechanism 12. A machining spindle 2 is mounted on the tool oscillation mechanism 13. The horizontal movement mechanism 11 is a mechanism component controlled and driven by a control module 4 that reciprocates horizontally (constituting the machining movement axis of the machine tool in the horizontal direction, referred to as the X-axis or Y-axis). The vertical movement mechanism 12 is controlled and driven by the control module 4 to reciprocate horizontally. The machine tool consists of a vertically oriented reciprocating mechanism (forming the machining axis of the machine tool in the vertical direction, referred to as the Z-axis), a horizontal moving mechanism 11 and a vertical moving mechanism 12 which are linear moving axes of the machine tool in different directions of movement, and a tool swing mechanism 13 which is controlled and driven by the control module 4 and can tilt and swing relative to the vertical moving mechanism 12 (forming the machining rotation axis of the machine tool machining spindle 2, referred to as the A-axis). Combined with the clamping spindle 3 (forming the workpiece rotation axis of the machine tool, referred to as the B-axis) which enables rotary cutting machining of a rotatable workpiece, four-axis linkage cutting machining is realized.

[0070] More specifically, the horizontal moving mechanism 11 consists of a horizontal moving base 111, a slide rail assembly 14, and a transverse transmission mechanism. The horizontal moving base 111 is mounted on the frame 5 via the slide rail assembly 14. The transverse transmission mechanism includes a first drive motor and a first transmission shaft (ordinary lead screw or ball screw). The first transmission shaft is threadedly connected to the horizontal moving base 111. When the machine tool starts the first drive motor to rotate in a directional direction (forward or reverse), it can drive the first transmission shaft to drive the horizontal moving base 111 forward or backward along the slide rail via threaded transmission, thereby realizing the horizontal movement of the machining spindle 2.

[0071] More specifically, the vertical moving mechanism 12 consists of a fixed shaft frame 131, a slide rail assembly 14, and a vertical transmission mechanism. The fixed shaft frame 131 is mounted on the horizontal moving base 111 via the slide rail assembly 14. The vertical transmission mechanism includes a second drive motor and a second transmission shaft (ordinary lead screw or ball screw). The second transmission shaft is threadedly connected to the fixed shaft frame 131. When the machine tool starts the second drive motor to rotate in a directional direction (forward or reverse), it can drive the second transmission shaft to drive the fixed shaft frame 131 to rise or fall along the slide rail via threaded transmission, thereby realizing the vertical movement of the machining spindle 2.

[0072] More specifically, the tool swing mechanism 13 consists of a movable shaft frame 132, a hinge shaft 1354, a swing transmission mechanism, and a gear and rack transmission mechanism 1355. The machining spindle 2 is mounted on the movable shaft frame 132, which is hinged to the fixed shaft frame 131 via the hinge shaft 1354. The swing transmission mechanism includes a third drive motor, a reducer, and a third transmission shaft. The rack of the gear and rack transmission mechanism 1355 is mounted on the movable shaft frame 132, and the gear of the gear and rack transmission mechanism 1355 is mounted on the third transmission shaft. The swing transmission mechanism is mounted on the fixed shaft frame 131 so that the gear and rack mesh. When the machine tool starts the third drive motor to rotate in a directional direction (forward or reverse), it can drive the third transmission shaft to drive the movable shaft frame 132 to rotate around the hinge shaft 1354 along the curved teeth on the rack through gear and rack meshing, thereby realizing the tilting swing of the machining spindle 2.

[0073] Another embodiment 601 as embodiment 6:

[0074] In this embodiment, the horizontal moving mechanism 11 uses a synchronous belt drive mechanism 112 as the transverse transmission mechanism. The first drive motor and the first transmission shaft are connected by a synchronous belt meshing. The first transmission shaft is threadedly connected to the horizontal moving base 111. When the machine tool starts the first drive motor to rotate in a directional direction (forward or reverse), it can drive the first transmission shaft through the synchronous belt to drive the horizontal moving base 111 to move forward or backward along the slide rail through the threaded transmission, thereby realizing the horizontal movement of the machining spindle 2. Compared with a direct-drive motor, it can save more space, transmit greater torque, and has high transmission accuracy.

[0075] Another embodiment 602 as embodiment 6:

[0076] The control module 4 includes an optical detection unit 41 for detecting the actual moving position. The optical detection unit 41 is used to detect and collect the actual moving distance and moving accuracy of the processing moving module 1. The optical detection unit 41 is installed in the horizontal moving mechanism 11, the vertical moving mechanism 12 and the tool swinging mechanism 13 respectively. The optical detection unit 41 can be one of the following: infrared distance sensor, grating ruler displacement sensor, photoelectric encoder, etc.

[0077] Another embodiment 603 as embodiment 602:

[0078] The optical detection unit 41 installed in the horizontal moving mechanism 11 and the vertical moving mechanism 12 adopts the grating ruler displacement sensor 411. The grating ruler displacement sensor 411 detects the moving position of the horizontal moving mechanism 11 and the vertical moving mechanism 12 and feeds back the detection result to the control module 4 to achieve more precise movement accuracy control and reduce the accuracy error caused by transmission backlash.

[0079] Another embodiment 604 as embodiment 602:

[0080] The optical detection unit 41 installed on the tool swing mechanism 13 adopts a photoelectric encoder 412. The photoelectric encoder 412 detects the rotation position or rotation angle of the tool swing mechanism 13 and feeds back the detection results to the control module 4 to achieve more precise movement accuracy control and reduce the accuracy error caused by transmission backlash.

[0081] Another embodiment 605 as embodiment 6:

[0082] To further enhance the machining stability of the machining spindle 2 when it enters machining after stopping rotation, the tool swing mechanism 13 includes a locking mechanism 133 mounted on the fixed spindle frame 131. The locking mechanism 133 has a limiting member 134 that can apply force to the movable spindle frame 132. The limiting member 134 applies force to the movable spindle frame 132 to limit the rotation position of the movable spindle frame 132.

[0083] More specifically, in this embodiment, the limiting member 134 locks the movable shaft frame 132 by means of piston pressing and tightening. The fixed shaft frame 131 is provided with a piston cavity for the limiting member 134 to move in a directional manner. When the machine tool connects to the piston cavity and implements the drive (one of the drive methods such as pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, and mechanical transmission can be used), the limiting member 134 can move back and forth along the length stroke of the piston cavity. The limiting member 134 and the piston cavity are connected by a piston structure. The side of the limiting member 134 near the movable shaft frame 132 is detachably connected to a piston end cap for contacting the movable shaft frame 132.

[0084] More specifically, the limiting member 134 in this embodiment is divided into a piston sliding part, a piston extension support, and a piston end cap. The piston sliding part is the contact part of the limiting member 134 that contacts the piston cavity. The piston extension support is the extension support part of the limiting member 134 used to connect the piston end cap. The piston end cap is a friction braking component that is detachably installed on the piston extension support and contacts the movable shaft 132. Based on this, the outer diameter of the piston sliding part is larger than the outer diameter of the piston extension support, and the outer diameter of the piston extension support is smaller than the outer diameter of the piston end cap. When braking and locking are required, the piston sliding part moves away from the movable shaft 132, and the portion of the piston end cap larger than the outer diameter of the piston extension support contacts the surface of the movable shaft 132. The locking position is reached by frictional force, thereby achieving the locking and positioning effect.

[0085] Another embodiment 606 as embodiment 605:

[0086] When braking and locking are required, the piston sliding part in this embodiment can also move toward the direction of the movable shaft 132, so that the piston end cover presses against the surface of the movable shaft 132 and relies on friction to contact the locking position (pressing outward to lock), thereby achieving the locking and positioning effect.

[0087] Another embodiment 607 as embodiment 605:

[0088] In this embodiment, the movable shaft bracket 132 is provided with a clearance groove for the clearance limiting member 134. The clearance groove is arranged in a ring around the circumference of the hinge member at the position of the movable shaft bracket 132 near the limiting member 134. The width of the clearance groove is greater than the outer diameter of the piston extension handle of the limiting member 134, and the width of the clearance groove is less than the outer diameter of the piston end cap. The clearance groove has a shoulder for the piston end cap to contact on the side away from the fixed shaft bracket 131. When braking and locking are required, the piston sliding part moves away from the movable shaft bracket 132, and the part of the piston end cap that is larger than the outer diameter of the piston extension handle contacts the shoulder. The locking position is contacted by friction (inward clamping and locking) to achieve the locking and positioning effect.

[0089] Another embodiment 608 as embodiment 605:

[0090] In this embodiment, an elastic deformable element is installed between the limiting member 134 facing the movable shaft bracket 132 and the piston cavity. More specifically, in this embodiment, the elastic deformable element can be an elastic component such as a spring, disc spring, or rubber. It is preferable to use a disc spring with greater elastic pressure. The appropriate number of elastic deformable elements is selected according to the depth of the piston cavity or the required locking stroke. When braking and locking are required, the elastic deformable element presses against the piston sliding part, causing the piston sliding part to move away from the movable shaft bracket 132. The part of the piston end cover that is larger than the outer diameter of the piston protruding handle contacts the groove shoulder and relies on friction to contact the locking position (inward clamping and locking), thereby achieving the locking and positioning effect. When it is necessary to release, the piston cavity is connected to the machine tool and a drive is implemented (one of the following drive methods can be used: pneumatic drive, hydraulic drive, mechanical transmission, etc.) so that the piston sliding part moves towards the movable shaft bracket 132, causing the part of the piston end cover that is larger than the outer diameter of the piston protruding handle to separate from the groove shoulder (outward pressing to unlock), thereby achieving unlocking and releasing. The movable shaft bracket 132 can then return to a flexible rotation state.

[0091] Another embodiment 609 as embodiment 605:

[0092] The locking mechanism 133 of this embodiment includes a piston drive assembly for driving the movement of the limiting member 134. The piston drive assembly can be a pneumatically driven or hydraulically driven drive cylinder. In this embodiment, a hydraulically driven hydraulic device is preferred to connect the piston chamber. The piston drive assembly includes a pipe installed on the fixed shaft frame 131 for connecting the piston chamber. The fixed shaft frame 131 has a pipe for connecting the piston drive assembly to the piston chamber. Taking hydraulic drive as an example, when it is necessary to drive the limiting member 134 to move, the piston drive assembly inputs hydraulic oil through the pipe and the pipe. Under the action of oil pressure, it pushes against the limiting member 134 and moves towards or away from the movable shaft frame 132 to achieve the effect of releasing the lock or locking the limiting.

[0093] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the specific embodiments of this utility model are as follows:

[0094] Manual clamping method:

[0095] After installing the CNC machine tool in the designated working area via adjustable support feet 51, the power is turned on, and the operation display panel of the control module 4 is activated. The user adjusts the machining parameters and inputs the machining program through the operation display panel. Then, the user manually opens the transverse sliding door of the machine body 7, places the cutting tool into the machining spindle 2, and locks the cutting tool clamping device 21. The user places the workpiece into the clamping spindle 3 and locks the workpiece clamping device 32. Before machining, the transverse sliding door is closed to enclose the machining area of ​​the machine tool. The machining program is started and executed through the control module 4 to carry out the specific machining.

[0096] The horizontal moving mechanism 11 is controlled by the control module 4 to perform the lateral linear movement of the machining program;

[0097] The vertical moving mechanism 12 is controlled by the control module 4 to execute the vertical linear movement of the machining program;

[0098] The control module 4 controls the tool swing mechanism 13 to rotate the machining angle according to the machining program.

[0099] The control module 4 controls the locking mechanism 133 to lock the movable shaft frame 132 to stabilize the tool swing mechanism 13, or controls the locking mechanism 133 to release the movable shaft frame 132 to unlock and restore the flexible rotation of the tool swing mechanism 13.

[0100] The control module 4 controls the machining spindle 2 to drive the cutting tool to rotate at high speed to perform cutting operations;

[0101] The control module 4 controls the clamping spindle 3 to drive the workpiece to rotate and cooperate with the machining spindle 2 to perform linkage cutting.

[0102] The control module 4 controls the optical detection unit 41 to detect and collect the actual moving distance and moving accuracy of the processing moving module 1. The grating ruler sensor 411 detects the actual moving distance and moving accuracy of the horizontal moving mechanism 11 and the vertical moving mechanism 12, and the photoelectric encoder detects the rotation angle and rotation accuracy of the tool swing mechanism 13. The optical detection unit 41 feeds back the detection data to the control module 4.

[0103] The control module 4 controls the flushing and chip removal circulation system 6 to supply cutting fluid to the machine body flushing nozzle 62 and the tool flushing nozzle 22. The machine body flushing nozzle 62 and the tool flushing nozzle 22 respectively flush the material debris generated during the machining process into the debris collection channel 61 and flow to the flushing and chip removal circulation system 6. After filtration, the cutting fluid is re-supplied to the machine tool for flushing and spraying, thus implementing the circulation of cutting fluid.

[0104] Automatic clamping method:

[0105] Unlike manual clamping, after the user adjusts the machining parameters and inputs the machining program through the operation display panel, the control module 4 controls the pneumatic door assembly 72 to open the doorway 71. The automated clamping equipment can extend into the doorway 71, or the automated clamping equipment can be pre-installed on the machine tool. The tool is placed into the machining spindle 2 by the automated clamping equipment (robotic arm or tool changer), and the control module 4 controls the tool pull rod device 21 to lock the tool clamping. The workpiece is placed on the clamping spindle 3 by the automated clamping equipment (robotic arm or workpiece loading / unloading device), and the control module 4 controls the workpiece pull rod device 32 to lock the workpiece clamping. After the automated clamping equipment leaves the doorway 71, the control module 4 controls the pneumatic door assembly 72 to close the doorway 71. The control module 4 starts and executes the machining program to carry out the above specific machining. After a single machining is completed, the control module 4 can control the pneumatic door assembly 72 to reopen the doorway 71, and the tool or workpiece can be changed by the automated clamping equipment to prepare for the cutting of the next workpiece.

[0106] The above examples are merely illustrative of the technical content of this utility model to facilitate reader understanding, but do not imply that the implementation of this utility model is limited to these embodiments. Any technical extensions or re-creations made based on this utility model are protected by this utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A CNC machining tool, characterized in that: It includes a machining movement module (1) for driving the tool movement, a machining spindle (2) for clamping the tool, a clamping spindle (3) for clamping the workpiece, a control module (4) for controlling the machining movement module (1), and a frame (5) for mounting each functional module. The machining spindle (2) is equipped with a tool drawbar device (21) for facilitating tool clamping, and the clamping spindle (3) is equipped with a workpiece drawbar device (32) for facilitating workpiece clamping. The control module (4) can control the machining movement module (1) to drive the machining spindle (2) to move along the machining trajectory and swing along the machining angle respectively. The control module (4) can control the machining spindle (2) to rotate the tool. The control module (4) can control the clamping spindle (3) to rotate the workpiece.

2. The CNC machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a flushing and chip removal circulation system (6) for cleaning debris. The flushing and chip removal circulation system (6) includes a debris collection channel (61), a body flushing nozzle (62) and a filter backwash device (63) installed on the frame (5). The debris collection channel (61) is located below the clamping turntable (31) of the clamping spindle (3). The spray end of the body flushing nozzle (62) faces the surface of the debris collection channel (61). The discharge end of the debris collection channel (61) is connected to the filter backwash device (63) of the flushing and chip removal circulation system (6).

3. A CNC machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (5) also includes a housing (7) for surrounding and protecting the machine body. The housing (7) is provided with a doorway (71) for external mechanical equipment to enter and exit, and a pneumatic door assembly (72) installed on the doorway (71). The door of the pneumatic door assembly (72) can be directionally moved relative to the frame (5) to open the doorway (71) and close the doorway (71).

4. A CNC machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece tie rod device (32) can drive the clamping piston (322) through the first piston cylinder (321) to drive the first tie rod (323) to lock or release the workpiece clamping.

5. A CNC machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool pull rod device (21) can press the second pull rod (213) with a disc spring (214) to lock the tool clamping, and the tool pull rod device (21) can drive the tool-breaking piston (212) with a second piston cylinder (211) to press the second pull rod (213) to release the tool clamping.

6. A CNC machining tool according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The machining moving module (1) includes a horizontal moving mechanism (11) mounted on the frame (5), a vertical moving mechanism (12) mounted on the horizontal moving mechanism (11), and a tool swinging mechanism (13) mounted on the vertical moving mechanism (12). The machining spindle (2) is mounted on the tool swinging mechanism (13). The control module (4) can control the horizontal moving mechanism (11) to drive the machining spindle (2) to move horizontally relative to the clamping spindle (3); The control module (4) can control the vertical moving mechanism (12) to drive the machining spindle (2) to move vertically relative to the clamping spindle (3); The control module (4) can control the tool swing mechanism (13) to drive the machining spindle (2) to tilt relative to the clamping spindle (3) at a machining angle.

7. A CNC machining tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control module (4) includes an optical detection unit (41) for detecting the actual moving position. The optical detection unit (41) is installed on the horizontal moving mechanism (11), the vertical moving mechanism (12) and the tool swinging mechanism (13).

8. A CNC machining tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The horizontal moving mechanism (11) includes a horizontal moving base (111) and a synchronous belt drive mechanism (112). The horizontal moving base (111) is directionally slidably connected to the frame (5) through a slide rail assembly (14). The control module (4) controls the synchronous belt drive mechanism (112) to drive the horizontal moving base (111) to move in a specific direction.

9. A CNC machining tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tool swing mechanism (13) includes a fixed shaft frame (131) mounted on the vertical moving mechanism (12), a movable shaft frame (132) hinged to the fixed shaft frame (131), and a locking mechanism (133) mounted on the fixed shaft frame (131). The locking mechanism (133) has a limiting member (134) that can apply force to the movable shaft frame (132). The limiting member (134) applies force to the movable shaft frame (132) to limit the rotation position of the movable shaft frame (132).

10. A CNC machining tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The optical detection unit (41) uses a grating ruler sensor (411) to detect the movement positions of the horizontal moving mechanism (11) and the vertical moving mechanism (12).

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