Microstrip antenna based on reflection cavity structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a microstrip antenna based on a reflection cavity structure, which comprises a reflection cavity and a microstrip patch antenna assembly, the microstrip patch antenna assembly comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate, a coaxial line feed point, a microstrip patch antenna and an antenna back bottom plate, the microstrip patch antenna is printed on the rectangular dielectric substrate, and the antenna back bottom plate is printed on the coaxial line feed point. The coaxial line feeding point is located on the central axis of the rectangular dielectric substrate, the antenna back bottom plate is connected with the back face of the rectangular dielectric substrate, and a coaxial socket of the coaxial line feeding point is installed on the antenna back bottom plate and located on the back face of the microstrip patch antenna assembly; the reflection cavity is a quadrangular frustum pyramid defined by four isosceles trapezoid reflection walls, the reflection walls are single-layer dielectric plates or metal plates with the inner walls covered with metal materials, and the isosceles trapezoid upper bottoms of the reflection walls are connected with the edge of the rectangular dielectric substrate. Compared with the prior art, the antenna has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, good gain effect and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microstrip antenna development and design, and in particular to a microstrip antenna based on a reflector cavity structure. Background Technology

[0002] A microstrip antenna is a planar antenna consisting of a conductive patch and a substrate. The conductive patch is typically a thin metal sheet laid on an insulating substrate, which is made of a material with a low dielectric constant, such as fiberglass, ceramic, or polymer. Its working principle is based on the electromagnetic coupling effect between the conductive patch and the substrate; the electromagnetic field generated by the current in the conductive patch enables transmission or reception.

[0003] Microstrip antennas are characterized by their simple structure, low cost, and ease of manufacture. Due to their planar design, they can be easily integrated into circuit boards or other planar structures, saving space and simplifying system design. Furthermore, microstrip antennas can be designed in various shapes and sizes to meet different frequency and performance requirements.

[0004] While microstrip antennas offer many advantages, they also have some limitations. First, because microstrip antennas use a surface patch structure, their radiation efficiency is typically low, especially at low frequencies. This may limit their use in certain applications, such as long-distance communication, radar systems, or high-power transmission, where high radiation efficiency and gain are required.

[0005] A cavity reflector antenna is a design that uses a reflector to enhance antenna performance. Its working principle involves using a flat or curved metal plate as a reflector to reflect the signal emitted by the antenna, thereby enhancing the signal's radiation directivity and gain. In the design, factors such as the reflector's location, shape, size, and distance and angle from the antenna must be considered to achieve the desired radiation characteristics.

[0006] The advantages of cavity antennas are that they enhance radiation efficiency, increase signal transmission distance and coverage; the radiation directionality of the antenna can be adjusted, making them suitable for scenarios requiring specific directional coverage; and they reduce spurious radiation, improving signal purity and anti-interference capability.

[0007] However, the design of cavity antennas is relatively complex, requiring consideration of various factors, including the shape, size, and location of the reflector walls. Therefore, the design process is quite tedious, necessitating precise calculations and optimizations. Due to the addition of the reflector wall structure, cavity antennas typically occupy a significant amount of space, making them unsuitable for scenarios with limited space or requiring a compact structure. Furthermore, the complex design and large structure can lead to higher manufacturing and installation costs, making them unsuitable for low-cost applications or large-scale deployments. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure. This design can solve the problems of low gain of microstrip patch antennas and high design complexity of reflective cavity antennas, and realize a high-gain microstrip antenna with a simple reflective cavity structure.

[0009] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] This utility model provides a microstrip antenna based on a reflector structure, including a reflector and a microstrip patch antenna assembly. The microstrip patch antenna assembly includes a rectangular dielectric substrate, a coaxial feed point, a microstrip patch antenna, and an antenna back plate. The microstrip patch antenna is printed on the rectangular dielectric substrate. The coaxial feed point is located on the central axis of the rectangular dielectric substrate. The antenna back plate is connected to the back of the rectangular dielectric substrate. The coaxial socket of the coaxial feed point is installed on the antenna back plate and is located on the back of the microstrip patch antenna assembly.

[0011] The reflective cavity is a quadrangular frustum formed by four isosceles trapezoidal reflective walls. The reflective walls are single-layer dielectric plates or metal plates with metal material lining the inner walls. The upper base of the isosceles trapezoid of the reflective wall is connected to the edge of the rectangular dielectric substrate.

[0012] Furthermore, the coaxial cable feed point is connected to an impedance-matched coaxial cable, and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is fixedly connected to the microstrip patch antenna.

[0013] Furthermore, the connection between the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and the microstrip patch antenna is achieved through welding.

[0014] Furthermore, the antenna is lumped-port fed via a coaxial cable at the coaxial cable feed point.

[0015] Furthermore, the microstrip patch antenna is rectangular, and the length and width of the rectangular dielectric substrate are greater than the length and width of the microstrip patch antenna.

[0016] Furthermore, the conductor edge of the microstrip patch antenna and the base plate on the back of the antenna constitute a radiating edge field.

[0017] Furthermore, the main material of the single-layer dielectric board is FR-4 glass fiber, Rogers 5880, or Rogers 4350.

[0018] Furthermore, the metal material covering the inner wall of the single-layer dielectric plate is copper.

[0019] Furthermore, the resonant frequency of the antenna is maintained at 1.42 GHz by designing the dimensional parameters of the reflector cavity and the microstrip patch antenna assembly.

[0020] Furthermore, the reflective walls are connected by welding.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. This utility model arranges a reflective cavity outside the microstrip patch antenna assembly. The reflective cavity is a quadrangular truncated pyramid formed by four isosceles trapezoidal reflective walls. The upper base of the isosceles trapezoids is connected to the edge of a rectangular dielectric substrate. The reflective walls are single-layer dielectric plates or metal plates with metal material on their inner walls. After the microstrip patch assembly radiates, the beam is concentrated by adding the reflective cavity structure, which improves the directivity of the microstrip patch antenna and increases the gain of the microstrip patch antenna without affecting the antenna bandwidth. Moreover, the structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0024] 2. This utility model uses a coaxial cable to feed the microstrip patch antenna through a lumped port, so that the radiation of the microstrip patch antenna is radiated from the edge field between the conductor edge of the microstrip patch antenna and the back metal ground plane. The microstrip patch antenna has a simple and compact structure and a wide range of applications.

[0025] 3. The reflective cavity designed in this utility model uses inexpensive materials, such as low-cost FR-4 glass fiber copper-clad composite. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of a microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a side view of a microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to the present invention;

[0029] In the figure, 1 is the reflector cavity, 2 is the rectangular dielectric substrate, 3 is the coaxial feed point, 4 is the microstrip patch antenna, and 5 is the antenna back plate. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present utility model. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0031] This embodiment relates to a microstrip antenna device based on a cavity reflector structure, such as... Figure 1As shown, the device consists of a microstrip patch antenna assembly and a reflective cavity 1 formed by a single-layer copper-clad laminate structure. The microstrip patch antenna assembly includes a rectangular dielectric substrate 2, a coaxial feed point 3, a microstrip patch antenna 4, and an antenna back plate 5.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the reflective cavity 1 is welded together from four trapezoidal reflective walls. The trapezoidal reflective walls can be made of single-layer copper-clad laminate or metal plate. The material of the single-layer copper-clad laminate can be FR-4 fiberglass, Rogers5880, Rogers4350, etc.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the microstrip patch antenna 4 is printed on a rectangular dielectric substrate 2. The microstrip patch antenna 4 is typically a conductive patch made of a thin metal sheet, while the rectangular dielectric substrate 2 is made of a material with a low dielectric constant, such as glass fiber, ceramic, or polymer. Its working principle is based on the electromagnetic coupling effect between the microstrip patch antenna 4 and the rectangular dielectric substrate 2, achieving transmission or reception through the electromagnetic field generated by the current in the conductive patch. The antenna is coaxially fed, with the coaxial feed point 3 located on the central axis of the rectangular dielectric substrate 2 and connected to a coaxial line with matched impedance. The antenna backplate 5 is connected to the back of the rectangular dielectric substrate 2. The coaxial socket of the coaxial feed point 3 is mounted on the antenna backplate 5 and located on the back of the microstrip patch antenna assembly, connected to the antenna backplate 5. The microstrip patch antenna 4 is rectangular, and the inner conductor of the coaxial line is soldered onto the rectangular microstrip patch antenna 4.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the rectangular dielectric substrate 2 is slightly larger than the microstrip patch antenna 4, which facilitates its combination with the reflector cavity 1 structure built from a single-layer copper-clad laminate.

[0035] In this embodiment, the microstrip patch antenna 4 is lumped-port fed via a coaxial cable, causing the radiation from the microstrip patch antenna 4 to radiate outward from the edge field between the conductor edge of the microstrip patch antenna and the base plate 5 on the antenna back. Finally, the beam is concentrated through a reflector cavity 1 constructed from a single-layer copper-clad laminate, achieving high gain without affecting the antenna bandwidth, resonant frequency, or return loss. The reflector cavity 1, constructed from a single-layer copper-clad laminate, effectively concentrates the radiated beam, thus achieving high gain. Throughout this process, the antenna bandwidth, resonant frequency, and return loss remain unchanged, ensuring excellent electrical performance while increasing gain.

[0036] In this embodiment, reasonable adjustments are required. Figure 2 and Figure 3The parameters indicated are used to maintain the antenna's resonant frequency at 1.42 GHz and to ensure the antenna reaches its optimal operating state. Here, L1 is the length of the rectangular dielectric substrate 2 in the antenna's front view direction, L2 is the position of the coaxial feed point 3, θ1 is the angle between the trapezoidal reflector wall in the lower reflector cavity 1 and the horizontal plane in the front view direction, and H1 is the total height of the reflector cavity 1. L3 is the length of the rectangular dielectric substrate 2 in the antenna's side view direction, θ2 is the angle between the trapezoidal reflector wall in the lower reflector cavity 1 and the horizontal plane in the lower reflector direction, and the position of the coaxial feed point 3 in the lower reflector direction is the midpoint of L3.

[0037] By incorporating a reflector cavity 1 into the microstrip patch antenna assembly, the gain of the microstrip antenna can be improved and its directivity enhanced without significantly affecting the relative bandwidth of the antenna. Furthermore, the reflector cavity 1 has a simple structure and is easy to fabricate.

[0038] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A microstrip antenna based on a cavity reflector structure, characterized in that, The device includes a reflector cavity (1) and a microstrip patch antenna assembly. The microstrip patch antenna assembly includes a rectangular dielectric substrate (2), a coaxial feed point (3), a microstrip patch antenna (4), and an antenna back plate (5). The microstrip patch antenna (4) is printed on the rectangular dielectric substrate (2). The coaxial feed point (3) is located on the central axis of the rectangular dielectric substrate (2). The antenna back plate (5) is connected to the back of the rectangular dielectric substrate (2). The coaxial socket of the coaxial feed point (3) is mounted on the antenna back plate (5) and is located on the back of the microstrip patch antenna assembly. The reflective cavity (1) is a quadrangular frustum formed by four isosceles trapezoidal reflective walls. The reflective walls are single-layer dielectric plates or metal plates with metal material covering the inner walls. The upper base of the isosceles trapezoid of the reflective wall is connected to the edge of the rectangular dielectric substrate (2).

2. A microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coaxial feed point (3) is connected to an impedance-matched coaxial line, and the inner conductor of the coaxial line is fixedly connected to the microstrip patch antenna (4).

3. A microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connection between the inner conductor of the coaxial line and the microstrip patch antenna (4) is by welding.

4. A microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The antenna is fed through a lumped port via a coaxial line at the coaxial feed point (3).

5. A microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microstrip patch antenna (4) is rectangular, and the length and width of the rectangular dielectric substrate (2) are greater than the length and width of the microstrip patch antenna (4).

6. A microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductor edge of the microstrip patch antenna (4) and the antenna back plate (5) form a radiating edge field.

7. A microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main material of the single-layer dielectric board is FR-4 glass fiber, Rogers 5880 or Rogers 4350.

8. A microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The metal material covering the inner wall of the single-layer dielectric plate is copper.

9. A microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resonant frequency of the antenna is maintained at 1.42 GHz by designing the size parameters of the reflector cavity (1) and the microstrip patch antenna assembly.

10. A microstrip antenna based on a reflective cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflective walls are connected by welding.

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