Half-wave oscillator antenna device based on reflection cavity structure
By combining a reflector cavity structure with a half-wave dipole antenna, the radiation pattern was optimized, solving the problems of low gain and poor directivity of the half-wave dipole antenna. This resulted in improved antenna performance with high gain and wide bandwidth, enhancing signal propagation and stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423090063.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-16
AI Technical Summary
Half-wave dipole antennas have low gain, poor directivity, narrow bandwidth, and are easily affected by ground and environmental factors, making it difficult to meet the performance requirements of modern wireless communication systems.
A reflector structure is combined with a half-wave dipole antenna. A semi-enclosed cavity is formed by the copper-clad plate reflector and the bottom surface of the reflector. The half-wave dipole antenna is connected to the SMA interface with the microstrip feed line. The radiation pattern is optimized to improve gain and directivity.
It significantly improves antenna gain and directivity, reduces energy loss, suppresses sidelobe radiation, enhances communication quality, expands bandwidth and improves radiation efficiency, and increases signal propagation distance and stability.
Smart Images
Figure CN223502195U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wireless communication antennas, and in particular to a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure. Background Technology
[0002] Antennas play a crucial role in wireless communication systems, and their performance directly affects the system's transmission and reception quality. With the rapid development of wireless communication technologies and demands, the requirements for antenna performance are also increasing. Among the many antenna performance indicators, gain is one of the most important in the design process because it directly affects the signal propagation distance. To obtain greater gain, a common approach is to use multiple antenna elements to form an array. However, this approach can increase design complexity and cost.
[0003] A half-wave dipole antenna, also known as a half-wavelength antenna, consists of two conductors of equal length, each approximately one-quarter the wavelength of the transmitted signal. These two conductors typically extend along the same straight line and may be connected by a shared junction or maintained at a certain distance. The design of the half-wave dipole antenna is based on the half-wavelength resonance principle in electromagnetic theory. Half-wave dipole antennas are simple in structure, easy to manufacture, have a wide radiation bandwidth, high radiation efficiency, and good directivity. Due to their relatively simple structure and excellent performance, half-wave dipole antennas are widely used in wireless communication systems, broadcasting systems, radar systems, and other fields, including wireless local area networks, cellular mobile communication systems, and satellite communication systems.
[0004] However, half-wave dipole antennas also have many disadvantages, including: large physical size, making them difficult to install, especially at low frequencies; low gain; narrow bandwidth, limiting the applicable frequency range; poor directivity, typically radiating in all directions, making them sensitive to electromagnetic interference; and they are easily affected by the ground or surrounding environment, especially when close to the ground, where the radiation pattern and gain may be compromised. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, such as low gain and poor directivity of half-wave dipole antennas, and to provide a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflector cavity structure.
[0006] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0007] A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflector cavity structure includes a copper-clad plate reflector cavity, a half-wave dipole antenna, a microstrip feed line, a copper-clad plate, an SMA interface, and a bottom surface of the reflector cavity. The copper-clad plate reflector cavity is connected to the four edges of the bottom surface of the reflector cavity to form a semi-closed cavity that opens to one side.
[0008] The bottom surface of the reflector cavity is provided with a through hole that mates with the SMA interface. One side of the copper-clad laminate is connected to the bottom surface of the reflector cavity. The half-wave dipole antenna and the microstrip feed line are both disposed on the surface of the copper-clad laminate. One end of the half-wave dipole antenna is connected to the SMA interface through the microstrip feed line.
[0009] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the reflecting cavity is polygonal in shape.
[0010] Furthermore, the SMA interface is located at the midpoint of one of the diagonals on the bottom surface of the reflector cavity, and the half-wave dipole antenna is vertically connected to one of the diagonals on the bottom surface of the reflector cavity.
[0011] Furthermore, the copper-clad laminate reflective cavity includes multiple reflective cavity walls connected in sequence, with each reflective cavity wall connected to one side of the bottom surface of the reflective cavity.
[0012] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the reflecting cavity is quadrilateral, and the walls of the reflecting cavity are quadrilateral structures;
[0013] Alternatively, the bottom surface of the reflecting cavity may be hexagonal, and the walls of the reflecting cavity may be trapezoidal.
[0014] Furthermore, the upper surface of the bottom of the reflective cavity is covered with a copper layer, and the inner wall of the copper-clad laminate reflective cavity is covered with a copper layer.
[0015] Furthermore, both the half-wave dipole antenna and the microstrip feed line are made of copper.
[0016] Furthermore, the half-wave dipole antenna is located on the end of the copper-clad plate away from the bottom surface of the reflector cavity and is parallel to the bottom surface of the reflector cavity; the microstrip feed line is located on the central axis of the copper-clad plate.
[0017] Furthermore, each side of the copper-clad laminate is provided with a half-wave dipole antenna, and both are connected to the top of the microstrip feed line. The shape formed by the half-wave dipole antenna and the microstrip feed line on each side is symmetrical about each other along the central axis of the copper-clad laminate.
[0018] Furthermore, the connection between the half-wave dipole antenna and the microstrip feed line is chamfered.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0020] (1) This invention provides a matching reflective cavity for the half-wave dipole antenna by setting a copper-clad plate reflective cavity and a bottom surface of the reflective cavity, thus combining the reflective cavity antenna with the half-wave dipole antenna. The reflective cavity located behind the half-wave dipole antenna concentrates the radiated energy, improves the gain and directivity, and reduces energy loss in ineffective directions. At the same time, the reflective cavity can also suppress sidelobe radiation, reduce interference, and improve communication quality.
[0021] The combined half-wave dipole antenna device also has a wider bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency, which can more effectively focus energy and enhance the signal propagation distance and stability.
[0022] (2) In this invention, the SMA interface needs to be connected to a coaxial line with matching impedance. The SMA interface is located at the midpoint of the diagonal of the bottom surface of the reflector cavity, and the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is vertically placed at the diagonal of the bottom surface of the reflector cavity. The reflector cavity structure achieves high gain performance by optimizing the radiation pattern of the half-wave dipole antenna. Placing the half-wave dipole antenna vertically at the diagonal of the bottom surface of the reflector cavity can more effectively concentrate the beam. Combined with the reflector cavity and the bottom surface of the reflector cavity, the original radiated energy of the half-wave dipole antenna is concentrated in the direction of the reflector cavity opening through reflection, thereby significantly improving the gain performance. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflective cavity structure provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0024] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflector cavity structure provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0025] In the figure, 1 is the copper-clad laminate reflector cavity, 2 is the half-wave dipole antenna, 3 is the microstrip feed line, 4 is the copper-clad laminate, 5 is the SMA interface, and 6 is the bottom surface of the reflector cavity. Detailed Implementation
[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0028] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0029] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0030] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0031] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.
[0032] A cavity antenna is an antenna designed using the principle of a resonant cavity. Typically, a cavity is a semi-enclosed space whose size and shape allow electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency to resonate within it. These antennas are usually constructed of metal or other conductive materials, and their size and geometry are precisely designed to achieve resonance at a specific frequency. The working principle of a cavity antenna is similar to that of a resonant antenna, both utilizing the resonance phenomenon of electromagnetic fields within a cavity to generate radiation. This type of antenna is designed with high frequency selectivity because the size and shape of the cavity determine its resonant characteristics at a specific frequency. Common applications include radar, communication systems, and antenna arrays, especially in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands. The advantages of cavity antennas include good frequency selectivity, high radiation efficiency, and strong anti-interference capabilities. However, they also have disadvantages such as high manufacturing complexity and large size. These disadvantages may increase manufacturing costs and limit their application in certain specific scenarios.
[0033] Example 1
[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a half-wave dipole antenna device based on a reflector cavity structure, including a copper-clad plate reflector cavity 1, a half-wave dipole antenna 2, a microstrip feed line 3, a copper-clad plate 4, an SMA interface 5, and a reflector cavity bottom surface 6. The copper-clad plate reflector cavity 1 is connected to the four edges of the reflector cavity bottom surface 6 to form a semi-closed cavity that opens to one side.
[0035] The bottom surface 6 of the reflector cavity is provided with a through hole that mates with the SMA interface 5. One side of the copper-clad plate 4 is connected to the bottom surface 6 of the reflector cavity. The half-wave dipole antenna 2 and the microstrip feed line 3 are both disposed on the surface of the copper-clad plate 4. One end of the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is connected to the SMA interface 5 through the microstrip feed line 3.
[0036] Essentially, the device consists of a half-wave dipole and a matching reflector cavity. The half-wave dipole includes a half-wave dipole antenna 2, a microstrip feed line 3, a copper-clad laminate 4, and an SMA interface 5 (Sub-Miniature version A connector). The reflector cavity includes a reflector cavity 1 constructed from the copper-clad laminate and a reflector cavity bottom surface 6. The SMA interface 5 provides lumped-port feeding to the antenna, radiating energy using the half-wave dipole antenna 2, and then focusing the beam through the reflector cavity structure constructed from the copper-clad laminate. High gain is achieved without affecting the antenna bandwidth, resonant frequency, and S11 return loss.
[0037] This method combines a cavity antenna with a half-wave dipole antenna, significantly improving antenna performance. By adding a reflector behind the half-wave dipole antenna, radiated energy is concentrated, gain and directivity are improved, and energy loss in ineffective directions is reduced. Simultaneously, the cavity suppresses sidelobe radiation, reduces interference, and improves communication quality. The combined antenna also has a wider bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency, enabling more effective energy focusing and enhancing signal propagation distance and stability.
[0038] The bottom surface 6 of the reflective cavity is polygonal. The copper-clad laminate reflective cavity 1 includes multiple reflective cavity walls connected in sequence, and each reflective cavity wall is connected to one side of the bottom surface 6 of the reflective cavity.
[0039] The reflective cavity can be made of a single-sided copper-clad plate or a metal plate.
[0040] Optionally, the bottom surface 6 of the reflective cavity is quadrilateral, and the walls of the reflective cavity are quadrilateral structures; a circular hole is opened at the midpoint of the central axis of the quadrilateral bottom surface 6 of the reflective cavity, and the size of the opening is related to the size of the selected SMA interface 5; the upper surface of the quadrilateral bottom surface 6 of the reflective cavity is copper-clad.
[0041] Alternatively, the bottom surface 6 of the reflective cavity is hexagonal, and the walls of the reflective cavity are trapezoidal. A circular hole is opened at the midpoint of the diagonal of the hexagonal bottom surface 6, and the size of the opening is related to the size of the selected SMA interface 5. The upper surface of the hexagonal bottom surface 6 is covered with copper.
[0042] The SMA interface 5 needs to be connected to a coaxial line with matching impedance. Preferably, the SMA interface 5 is located at the midpoint of one of the diagonals of the bottom surface 6 of the reflector cavity. In addition, the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is vertically connected to one of the diagonals of the bottom surface 6 of the reflector cavity.
[0043] A circular hole is located at the midpoint of the diagonal of the bottom surface 6 of the reflective cavity. The size of the opening of this circular hole is related to the size of the selected SMA interface 5.
[0044] Preferably, the upper surface of the bottom surface 6 of the reflector cavity is covered with a copper layer, and the inner wall of the copper-clad laminate reflector cavity 1 is covered with a copper layer. Both the half-wave dipole antenna 2 and the microstrip feed line 3 are made of copper. The dipole antenna substrate of the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is a dielectric material; in this embodiment, it is model Rogers 5880.
[0045] In this embodiment, the reflective cavity 1, which is constructed from copper-clad laminate, is connected to each trapezoidal reflective wall by welding.
[0046] Preferably, the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is located on the end of the copper-clad plate 4 away from the bottom surface 6 of the reflector cavity and is parallel to the bottom surface 6 of the reflector cavity; the microstrip feed line 3 is located on the central axis of the copper-clad plate 4.
[0047] Preferably, in this embodiment, a half-wave dipole antenna 2 is provided on each side of the copper-clad plate 4, and both are connected to the top of the microstrip feed line 3. The shape formed by the half-wave dipole antenna 2 and the microstrip feed line 3 on each side is symmetrical along the central axis of the copper-clad plate 4, that is, the positions of the microstrip feed lines 3 on both sides are on the same central axis, and the half-wave dipole antennas 2 on both sides extend in opposite directions.
[0048] In this embodiment, the half-wave dipole antenna 2 is printed on the upper and lower layers of the circuit board and is connected to the SMA interface 5 through a microstrip feed line 3 for impedance matching.
[0049] Preferably, the connection between the half-wave dipole antenna 2 and the microstrip feed line 3 is chamfered to achieve better antenna matching.
[0050] The preferred embodiments of this utility model have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of this utility model without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of this utility model through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims
1. A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity reflector structure, characterized in that, It includes a copper-clad plate reflector cavity (1), a half-wave dipole antenna (2), a microstrip feed line (3), a copper-clad plate (4), an SMA interface (5), and a reflector cavity bottom surface (6). The copper-clad plate reflector cavity (1) is connected to the four edges of the reflector cavity bottom surface (6) to form a semi-closed cavity that opens to one side. The bottom surface (6) of the reflector cavity is provided with a through hole that matches the SMA interface (5). One side of the copper-clad plate (4) is connected to the bottom surface (6) of the reflector cavity. The half-wave dipole antenna (2) and the microstrip feed line (3) are both disposed on the surface of the copper-clad plate (4). One end of the half-wave dipole antenna (2) is connected to the SMA interface (5) through the microstrip feed line (3).
2. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface (6) of the reflective cavity is polygonal in shape.
3. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The SMA interface (5) is located at the midpoint of one of the diagonals of the bottom surface (6) of the reflector cavity, and the half-wave dipole antenna (2) is vertically connected to one of the diagonals of the bottom surface (6) of the reflector cavity.
4. A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The copper-clad laminate reflective cavity (1) includes multiple reflective cavity walls connected in sequence, and each reflective cavity wall is connected to one side of the bottom surface (6) of the reflective cavity.
5. A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom surface (6) of the reflective cavity is quadrilateral, and the wall of the reflective cavity is quadrilateral. Alternatively, the bottom surface (6) of the reflective cavity may be hexagonal, and the walls of the reflective cavity may be trapezoidal.
6. The half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the bottom surface (6) of the reflective cavity is covered with a copper layer, and the inner wall of the copper-clad plate reflective cavity (1) is covered with a copper layer.
7. A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The half-wave dipole antenna (2) and the microstrip feed line (3) are both made of copper.
8. A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The half-wave dipole antenna (2) is located on the end of the copper-clad plate (4) away from the bottom surface (6) of the reflector cavity and is parallel to the bottom surface (6) of the reflector cavity; the microstrip feed line (3) is located on the central axis of the copper-clad plate (4).
9. A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each side of the copper-clad plate (4) is provided with a half-wave dipole antenna (2), and both are connected to the top of the microstrip feed line (3). The shape formed by the half-wave dipole antenna (2) and the microstrip feed line (3) on each side is symmetrical about the central axis of the copper-clad plate (4).
10. A half-wave dipole antenna device based on a cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the half-wave dipole antenna (2) and the microstrip feed line (3) is chamfered.