Motor controller and vehicle including the same
By designing the bridge arm circuit and power supply circuit, the secondary winding of the transformer is used to power multiple switching bridge arms, solving the problems of large size and high cost of traditional motor controllers. This achieves miniaturization and cost reduction of the motor controller, while improving the safety and reliability of the system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520270209.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-02-19
AI Technical Summary
In traditional motor controllers, each bridge arm circuit contains multiple switching transistors, requiring independent power supply drivers and control chips, resulting in large power supply circuit size and high cost.
The design employs a bridge arm circuit and a power supply circuit. The bridge arm circuit includes multiple switching transistor bridge arms, and the power supply circuit supplies power to the multiple switching transistor bridge arms through a transformer and a control unit. The power supply circuit utilizes the secondary winding of the transformer to supply power to the multiple switching transistor bridge arms, thereby achieving electrical isolation and voltage conversion.
The size of the motor controller has been reduced, the cost has been lowered, the safety and reliability of the system have been improved, and precise control of the motor has been achieved.
Smart Images
Figure CN223584065U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of motor control technology, and more particularly to a motor controller and a vehicle including the same. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of power electronics and motor control, the motor controller is the core component that drives the motor, and its performance and cost are directly related to the efficiency and economic benefits of the entire system.
[0003] A motor controller typically includes a bridge arm circuit consisting of multiple switching transistors. These multiple bridge arm circuits form an inverter circuit, which is connected to the three-phase windings of the motor.
[0004] In traditional motor controllers, each bridge arm circuit contains multiple switching transistors that work together to achieve precise control of a single-phase winding of the motor. However, each switching transistor requires an independent power supply, as well as a separate control chip and transformer, resulting in a large power supply circuit and increased cost. Utility Model Content
[0005] This application provides a small-sized, low-cost motor controller and a vehicle including the same.
[0006] This application provides a motor controller, including a bridge arm circuit and a power supply circuit. The bridge arm circuit includes multiple switching transistor bridge arms, each of which includes multiple switching transistors. The midpoint of each switching transistor bridge arm is used to connect to a single-phase winding of a motor. The power supply circuit provides drive voltage to the multiple switching transistors of the bridge arm circuit. The power supply circuit includes a transformer and a control unit. The transformer includes a primary winding and multiple secondary windings. The primary winding is connected to a power source. The control unit is connected to the primary winding and the power source and controls the power source to supply power to the transformer. The multiple secondary windings are connected to the multiple switching transistor bridge arms and supply power to the multiple switching transistor bridge arms.
[0007] Optionally, the switching bridge arm includes an upper bridge arm switching tube and a lower bridge arm switching tube connected in series; the upper bridge arm switching tube is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; the lower bridge arm switching tube is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; and multiple upper bridge arm switching tubes are connected one-to-one with the output terminals of multiple secondary windings of the transformer.
[0008] Optionally, the bridge arm circuit includes an upper bridge arm switch and a lower bridge arm switch connected in series; the upper bridge arm switch is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; the lower bridge arm switch is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; and multiple lower bridge arm switches are connected to the output terminal of the same secondary winding of the transformer.
[0009] Optionally, the bridge arm circuit includes an upper bridge arm switch and a lower bridge arm switch connected in series; the upper bridge arm switch is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; the lower bridge arm switch is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; and multiple lower bridge arm switches are connected one-to-one with the output terminals of multiple secondary windings of the transformer.
[0010] Optionally, the control unit includes a controllable switch, which is connected in series with the primary winding of the transformer between the positive and negative terminals of the power supply.
[0011] Optionally, the controllable switch includes a field-effect transistor.
[0012] Optionally, the control unit includes a first controllable switch and a second controllable switch, the midpoint of the primary winding is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the first controllable switch and the second controllable switch are respectively connected to one end of the primary winding and the negative terminal of the power supply.
[0013] Optionally, one of the first controllable switch and the second controllable switch is a PNP transistor and the other is an NPN transistor.
[0014] Optionally, the power supply circuit includes multiple capacitors, which are respectively connected between the output terminals of the multiple secondary windings.
[0015] This application also provides a vehicle, including:
[0016] Electric motor; and
[0017] The motor controller described in any of the above items is electrically connected to the three-phase windings of the motor.
[0018] In some embodiments, the motor controller includes a bridge arm circuit and a power supply circuit. The bridge arm circuit includes multiple switching transistor bridge arms, each including multiple switching transistors. The power supply circuit provides drive voltage to the multiple switching transistors of the bridge arm circuit. The power supply circuit includes a transformer and a control unit. The transformer includes a primary winding and multiple secondary windings. The primary winding is connected to a power source, and the control unit is connected to the primary winding and the power source to control the power source to supply power to the transformer. The multiple secondary windings are connected to the multiple switching transistor bridge arms to supply power to them. By supplying power to the multiple switching transistor bridge arms through the multiple secondary windings of the transformer, the size and cost of the motor controller are reduced.
[0019] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description
[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.
[0021] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the motor controller of this application.
[0022] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the motor controller of this application.
[0023] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the motor controller of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0024] This application provides a motor controller and a vehicle including the same. The motor controller and the vehicle including the same are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.
[0025] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of the motor controller 10 of this application.
[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the motor controller 10 includes a bridge arm circuit 11 and a power supply circuit 12. The bridge arm circuit 11 includes multiple switching transistor bridge arms, each including multiple switching transistors. The midpoint of each switching transistor bridge arm is used to connect to a single-phase winding of the motor. The bridge arm circuit 11 is used to control the motor. Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the bridge arm circuit 11 includes switching transistors G1 to G6, wherein each switching transistor bridge arm includes two switching transistors. For example, switching transistors G1 and G4 form a switching transistor bridge arm, and switching transistors G2 and G5 form a switching transistor bridge arm. The midpoint of switching transistors G1 and G4 is connected to one phase winding of the motor, and the midpoint of switching transistors G2 and G5 is connected to the other phase winding of the motor.
[0027] Power supply circuit 12 provides drive voltage to multiple switching transistors in bridge arm circuit 11. Power supply circuit 12 includes transformer T and control unit 13. Transformer T includes primary winding T1 and multiple secondary windings T2. Primary winding T1 is connected to a power source. Control unit 13 is connected to primary winding T1 and the power source to control the power source to supply power to transformer T. The multiple secondary windings T2 are connected to multiple switching transistor bridge arms to supply power to the multiple switching transistor bridge arms.
[0028] Control unit 13 controls whether the primary winding T1 and the power supply are connected. When the primary winding T1 of transformer T is connected to the power supply, the output voltage of the power supply is converted by the primary winding T1 and the secondary winding T2, and the secondary winding T2 outputs a corresponding voltage. The secondary winding T2 connects to multiple switching transistor bridge arms, providing drive voltage for the switching transistors of the multiple switching transistor bridge arms.
[0029] The transformer includes multiple secondary windings T2, which are connected to multiple switching bridge arms to supply power to them. Thus, multiple switching bridge arms can be powered by the same power source and multiple secondary windings T2 of the same transformer T, reducing the size and cost of the motor controller 10.
[0030] In some embodiments, the switching bridge arm includes an upper bridge arm switch and a lower bridge arm switch connected in series. The upper bridge arm switch is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor, and the lower bridge arm switch is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor. Multiple upper bridge arm switches are connected one-to-one with the output terminals of multiple secondary windings T2 of the transformer T.
[0031] When the upper bridge arm switch is turned on, the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to a single-phase winding of the motor, and current flows from the positive terminal of the power supply to the motor. When the lower bridge arm switch is turned on, the negative terminal of the power supply is connected to a single-phase winding of the motor, and current flows from the motor to the negative terminal of the power supply. By precisely controlling the on / off state of the upper and lower bridge arm switches, the magnitude, direction, and frequency of the current in the motor windings can be precisely controlled, thereby driving the motor to operate in a predetermined manner.
[0032] Multiple upper bridge arm switches are connected one-to-one with the output terminals of multiple secondary windings T2 of transformer T. Each secondary winding T2 provides a drive voltage to one of the upper bridge arm switches. Since each upper bridge arm switch is connected to a different secondary winding T2 and powered by a different secondary winding T2, electrical isolation is achieved between the multiple upper bridge arm switches, improving the system's safety and reliability. Figure 1 As shown, the switching transistors G1, G2, and G3 are upper bridge arm switching transistors, which are connected to different secondary windings T2 and are powered by different secondary windings T2.
[0033] In some embodiments, multiple lower bridge arm switches are connected to the output terminal of the same secondary winding T2 of transformer T.
[0034] Since multiple lower bridge arm switches do not require electrical isolation, and are connected to the same secondary winding T2 of transformer T, and powered by the same secondary winding T2, the utilization rate of the secondary winding T2 can be improved, the number of secondary windings of transformer T can be reduced, the size of transformer T can be reduced, and thus the size of motor controller 10 can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost of motor controller 10. Figure 1 As shown, the switching transistors G4, G5, and G6 are the lower bridge arm switching transistors, connected to the same secondary winding T2, and all are powered by this secondary winding T2.
[0035] In other embodiments, multiple lower bridge arm switches are connected one-to-one with the output terminals of multiple secondary windings T2 of transformer T. This connection ensures that each lower bridge arm switch is powered by a different secondary winding T2, achieving electrical isolation between the switches and improving system safety and reliability.
[0036] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit 12 includes a plurality of capacitors, which are respectively connected between the output terminals of a plurality of secondary windings T2. The capacitors can store the electrical energy output by the secondary windings T2 and supply the electrical energy to the switching transistors connected to the secondary windings T2.
[0037] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the motor controller 10 of this application.
[0038] The control unit 13 includes a controllable switch Q1, which is connected in series with the primary winding T1 of the transformer T between the positive and negative terminals of the power supply.
[0039] The controllable switch Q1 includes a controllable terminal. By controlling the controllable terminal, the on / off state of the controllable switch Q1 can be controlled, thereby controlling the connection between the primary winding T1 and the power supply, and thus regulating the output voltage of the secondary winding T2. When the controllable switch Q1 is on, the current flowing through the primary winding T1 increases, and magnetic energy is stored in the core of the transformer T. When the controllable switch Q1 is off, the energy stored in the magnetic field is released, generating a reverse voltage on the secondary winding T2 of the transformer T. Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the controllable switch Q1 is connected to the controller MCU. The controller MCU outputs a control signal to the controllable terminal of the controllable switch Q1 to control the operating state of the controllable switch Q1. The control program of the controller MCU can be determined according to the control requirements of the motor.
[0040] The output voltage of transformer T can be easily and conveniently controlled by the controllable switch Q1, reducing circuit costs.
[0041] In some embodiments, the controllable switch Q1 includes a field-effect transistor. Field-effect transistors have fast response speeds, low power consumption, and small size, which helps to reduce the size and cost of the motor controller 10.
[0042] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the motor controller 10 of this application.
[0043] The control unit 13 includes a first controllable switch K1 and a second controllable switch K2. The midpoint of the primary winding T1 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The first controllable switch K1 and the second controllable switch K2 are respectively connected to one end of the primary winding T1 and the negative terminal of the power supply.
[0044] The controllable terminal of the first controllable switch K1 is connected to port H1 of the controller MCU, and the controllable terminal of the second controllable switch K2 is connected to port H2 of the controller MCU. The controller MCU sends control signals to the controllable terminals of the first and second controllable switches K1 and K2 to control their on / off states. The first and second controllable switches K1 and K2 cannot be turned on simultaneously; when one is on, the other is off. When the first controllable switch K1 is on, the second controllable switch K2 is off, and current flows from the power source to the transformer T through the first controllable switch K1. When the second controllable switch K2 is on, the first controllable switch K1 is off, and current flows from the power source to the transformer T through the second controllable switch K2, generating alternating current in the transformer T. By adjusting the on-time of the first and second controllable switches K1 and K2, the output voltage of the transformer T can be adjusted. In this way, the output voltage of transformer T can be adjusted according to the needs of the switching transistors in bridge arm circuit 11, thereby improving the flexibility of motor controller 10.
[0045] In some embodiments, one of the first controllable switch K1 and the second controllable switch K2 is a PNP transistor, and the other is an NPN transistor. Since the NPN and PNP transistors operate in complementary ways in the circuit, when the NPN transistor is on, the PNP transistor is off, and vice versa. This ensures that at any given time, only one of the first controllable switch K1 and the second controllable switch K2 is on, while the other is off, thus avoiding cross-conduction and improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.
[0046] This application also provides a vehicle, including: an electric motor and a motor controller 10 provided in this application. The motor controller 10 is electrically connected to the three-phase windings of the motor and is used to control the motor.
Claims
1. A motor controller, characterized in that, The system includes a bridge arm circuit and a power supply circuit. The bridge arm circuit includes multiple switching transistor bridge arms, each of which includes multiple switching transistors. The midpoint of each switching transistor bridge arm is used to connect to a single-phase winding of a motor. The power supply circuit provides drive voltage to the multiple switching transistors of the bridge arm circuit. The power supply circuit includes a transformer and a control unit. The transformer includes a primary winding and multiple secondary windings. The primary winding is connected to a power source. The control unit is connected to the primary winding and the power source and controls the power source to supply power to the transformer. The multiple secondary windings are connected to the multiple switching transistor bridge arms and supply power to the multiple switching transistor bridge arms.
2. The motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching tube bridge arm includes an upper bridge arm switching tube and a lower bridge arm switching tube connected in series; the upper bridge arm switching tube is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; the lower bridge arm switching tube is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; multiple upper bridge arm switching tubes are connected one-to-one with the output terminals of multiple secondary windings of the transformer.
3. The motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bridge arm circuit includes an upper bridge arm switch and a lower bridge arm switch connected in series; the upper bridge arm switch is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; the lower bridge arm switch is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; and multiple lower bridge arm switches are connected to the output terminal of the same secondary winding of the transformer.
4. The motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bridge arm circuit includes an upper bridge arm switch and a lower bridge arm switch connected in series; the upper bridge arm switch is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; the lower bridge arm switch is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and a single-phase winding of the motor; and multiple lower bridge arm switches are connected one-to-one with the output terminals of multiple secondary windings of the transformer.
5. The motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes a controllable switch, which is connected in series with the primary winding of the transformer between the positive and negative terminals of the power supply.
6. The motor controller according to claim 5, characterized in that, The controllable switch includes a field-effect transistor.
7. The motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes a first controllable switch and a second controllable switch. The midpoint of the primary winding is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The first controllable switch and the second controllable switch are respectively connected to one end of the primary winding and the negative terminal of the power supply.
8. The motor controller according to claim 7, characterized in that, One of the first controllable switch and the second controllable switch is a PNP transistor, and the other is an NPN transistor.
9. The motor controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply circuit includes multiple capacitors, which are respectively connected between the output terminals of the multiple secondary windings.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: Electric motor; and The motor controller as described in any one of claims 1-9 is electrically connected to the three-phase windings of the motor.