Ultrasonic drilling sampling device capable of monitoring drilling force

Abstract

The utility model provides an ultrasonic drilling sampling device capable of monitoring drilling force, and relates to the technical field of drilling equipment. An ultrasonic transducer; an ultrasonic power supply; the longitudinal-torsional amplitude-change pole comprises a connector and a twisting column, the twisting column is in a circular truncated cone shape, a plurality of spiral grooves are formed in the surface of the twisting column, the spiral grooves are arranged around the axis of the twisting column at intervals, and the connector is connected with the ultrasonic transducer; the upper end of the drill bit is connected to the lower end of the twisting column; the pressure sensor is used for detecting the drilling force of the drill bit; the controller is connected with the ultrasonic power source and the pressure sensor and used for adjusting the current output by the ultrasonic power source according to the drilling force of the drill bit. The device has the advantages that collision force is monitored in real time through the pressure sensor at the front end of the longitudinal-torsional amplitude-change pole, movement of the drill bit is accurately controlled, drill bit damage caused by overlarge rock-soil counter-acting force is avoided, the service life of the drill bit is prolonged, system safety is improved, and the device has high environmental adaptability and is particularly suitable for extraterrestrial extreme environment detection tasks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of drilling equipment technology, and in particular to an ultrasonic drilling sampling device that can monitor drilling force. Background Technology

[0002] In geological exploration missions targeting exoplanets, in-depth analysis of the stratification structure of rocks and soils is a crucial means to understand the geological composition of planets in the solar system and trace the origin of their material composition. However, due to the unique and complex geological activities such as cosmic winds, planetary impacts, and surface weathering, the depth of geological structural samples that can currently be collected limits the advancement of related research to a certain extent. In order to obtain more comprehensive information on the structural composition of exoplanets and to explore their evolutionary history in depth, it is urgent to carry out deeper geological structural sampling work.

[0003] In ultrasonic drilling operations in extraterrestrial environments, the uncertainty of specific information regarding rock and soil bedding makes it highly susceptible to encountering complex structures such as extremely hard solid rocks or geological caves. Existing ultrasonic drilling sampling devices that monitor drilling force have technical limitations; they cannot dynamically adjust the drilling force applied to the rock and soil in real time based on the reaction force exerted on the drill bit during downward pressure. This deficiency causes the drill bit to withstand stresses exceeding its design limits when facing complex geological structures, significantly increasing the probability of drill bit damage and severely impacting the smooth progress of drilling operations. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, in order to solve the problem that the drilling force applied to the rock and soil by the drill bit of the ultrasonic drilling sampling device that can monitor the drilling force cannot be dynamically adjusted in real time, the embodiments of this utility model provide an ultrasonic drilling sampling device that can monitor the drilling force.

[0005] An embodiment of this utility model provides an ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force, comprising:

[0006] shell;

[0007] An ultrasonic transducer is mounted on the upper part of the housing;

[0008] An ultrasonic power supply, which is connected to the ultrasonic transducer;

[0009] A longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer is disposed inside the housing and located below the ultrasonic transducer. The longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer includes an upper connector and a lower torsion column. The torsion column is a frustum-shaped structure with a diameter that gradually decreases from top to bottom. The surface of the torsion column is provided with multiple spiral grooves, and each spiral groove is spaced around the axis of the torsion column. The connector is connected to the ultrasonic transducer.

[0010] The drill bit, the upper end of which is connected to the lower end of the torsion column;

[0011] A pressure sensor is installed at the connection between the drill bit and the torsion column to detect the drilling force of the drill bit.

[0012] The system includes a controller, which is connected to the ultrasonic power supply and the pressure sensor, respectively, and is used to adjust the current output by the ultrasonic power supply according to the drilling force of the drill bit.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper ends of each of the spiral grooves are equally spaced on a circumference coaxial with the torsion column, and the lower ends of each of the spiral grooves are equally spaced on a circumference coaxial with the torsion column.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes an impact rod, the lower end of which is provided with a protruding mounting ring. The pressure sensor is an annular piezoelectric sensor. The upper end of the impact rod is inserted into the torsion column. The pressure sensor is sleeved on the impact rod and clamped by the mounting ring and the lower end of the torsion column. The lower end of the impact rod is connected to the drill bit.

[0015] Furthermore, the drill bit includes a drill rod and a drill cylinder connected to the lower end of the drill rod. The upper end of the drill rod is provided with a plug sleeve, and a rotatable mass block is provided inside the plug sleeve. The lower end of the impact rod is inserted into the plug sleeve and contacts the mass block.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer wall of the insertion sleeve is provided with a cylindrical rotor, the upper end of which contacts the lower end of the impact rod.

[0017] Furthermore, the inner wall of the rotor and the outer wall of the insertion sleeve are connected by a key.

[0018] Furthermore, a pre-tightening spring is fitted on the outer wall of the rotor, and a return spring is provided at the lower part of the insertion sleeve.

[0019] Furthermore, the bottom of the outer casing is provided with a rotatable constraint sleeve, the lower end of the pre-tightening spring and the lower end of the restoring spring both abut against the constraint sleeve, and the drill rod passes through the constraint sleeve.

[0020] Furthermore, the upper end of the housing is provided with an upper cover, the upper cover includes a flange and a force transmission cylinder connected to the lower end of the flange, the force transmission cylinder extends into the housing and contacts the upper end of the connector, the lower end of the force transmission cylinder is provided with a double-ended bolt, and the lower end of the double-ended bolt is connected to the connector.

[0021] Furthermore, the housing is also provided with a rear end cover, the ultrasonic transducer is a piezoelectric ceramic, the piezoelectric ceramic is supported on the flange, and the rear end cover is provided with fastening bolts, which pass through the piezoelectric ceramic and are connected to the force transmission cylinder.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of this utility model are as follows:

[0023] 1. This utility model discloses an ultrasonic drilling and sampling device capable of monitoring drilling force. The alternating current input by the ultrasonic power supply to the ultrasonic transducer causes the ultrasonic transducer to generate high-frequency axial vibration. The longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer amplifies this axial vibration and, under the action of the spiral groove, converts the axial vibration into longitudinal simple harmonic vibration and circumferential torsional motion, thereby driving the drill bit to vibrate longitudinally and twist simultaneously for drilling and sampling. During the drilling and sampling process, the drilling force of the drill bit is detected by a pressure sensor, and the magnitude of the alternating current input by the ultrasonic power supply to the ultrasonic transducer is adjusted according to the detected drilling force. By controlling the output current of the ultrasonic power supply, the drilling force of the drill bit on the rock and soil is adjusted, and the movement of the drill bit is precisely controlled. This avoids the large reaction force of hard rock and soil on the drill bit, which could damage the drill bit, thus protecting the drill bit. It has high safety performance and adaptability to extraterrestrial environments, and is especially suitable for extraterrestrial extreme environment exploration missions.

[0024] 2. The present invention provides an ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force. The pressure sensor is a ring-shaped piezoelectric sensor. The pressure sensor is installed between the longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer and the drill bit through an impact rod. The pressure sensor is sleeved on the impact rod to ensure that the longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer, the impact rod and the pressure sensor can maintain a stable connection in a high-frequency vibration environment, reduce the risk of loosening and ensure that the pressure sensor can stably detect the drilling force of the drill bit for accurate adjustment. The device has a high degree of integration and a compact structure. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force according to this utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of an ultrasonic drilling and sampling device for monitoring drilling force according to this utility model.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force according to this utility model.

[0028] Figure 4 This is an exploded schematic diagram of an ultrasonic transducer, a longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer, and a pressure sensor.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the top cover;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a drill bit.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Rear end cover; 2. Ultrasonic transducer; 3. Upper end cover; 4. Housing; 5. Double-ended bolt; 6. Longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer; 7. Impact rod; 8. Pressure sensor; 9. Drill rod; 10. Lower end cover; 11. Spiral groove; 12. Fastening bolt; 13. Mounting ring; 14. Rotor; 15. Mass block; 16. Insert sleeve; 17. Preload spring; 18. Return spring; 19. Constraint sleeve; 20. Bearing; 21. Drill barrel; 22. Drill bit; 23. Flange; 24. Force transmission cylinder; 25. Connector; 26. Torsion column. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description presents a preferred embodiment of several possible embodiments of this utility model, intended to provide a basic understanding of the utility model, but not intended to identify the key or decisive elements of the utility model or to limit the scope of protection sought.

[0034] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0035] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0036] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures. Also, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the figures are not drawn to actual scale.

[0037] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the circuits, electronic components and modules involved in this utility model are all prior art, which can be fully implemented by those skilled in the art, and need not be elaborated. The content protected by this utility model does not involve any improvement to the internal structure and method of the circuits, electronic components and modules.

[0038] It should be further noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention provides an ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force, including a housing 4, an ultrasonic transducer 2, an ultrasonic power supply, a longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer 6, a drill bit 22, a pressure sensor 8, and a controller.

[0040] The outer casing 4 is approximately cylindrical, with an upper end cover 3 and a lower end cover 10 at its upper and lower ends, respectively, forming an internal space for mounting other components. It is understood that the outer casing 4 can also be configured with other shapes depending on the specific application scenario.

[0041] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the ultrasonic transducer 2 is mounted on the upper part of the housing 4. Specifically, the housing 4 also has a rear end cover 1. The ultrasonic transducer 2 is a piezoelectric ceramic, supported on the upper end cover 3. The rear end cover 1 is placed on top of the ultrasonic transducer 2, pressing and fixing it in place. The ultrasonic transducer 2 is arranged along the axial direction of the housing 4, thus enabling it to generate high-frequency axial vibrations (of the housing 4).

[0042] The ultrasonic power supply is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 2. The ultrasonic power supply provides an alternating current input to the ultrasonic transducer 2, and the magnitude of this input alternating current determines the amplitude of the vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 2. The ultrasonic power supply is typically located outside the housing 4 and connected to the ultrasonic transducer 2 via a wire; however, in some embodiments, the ultrasonic power supply may be directly integrated inside the housing 4 and connected to the ultrasonic transducer 2.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 6 The longitudinal torsion amplitude rod 6 is disposed inside the housing 4 and located below the ultrasonic transducer 2. The longitudinal torsion amplitude rod 6 includes an upper connector 25 and a lower torsion column 26. The torsion column 26 is a frustum-shaped structure with a diameter gradually decreasing from top to bottom. The surface of the torsion column 26 is provided with a plurality of spiral grooves 11, and each spiral groove 11 is spaced around the axis of the torsion column 26. The connector 25 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 2.

[0044] The connector 25 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 2 via the upper end cover 3, allowing the axial vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 2 to be transmitted to the longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer 6 through the upper end cover 3. Specifically, the upper end cover 3 includes a flange 23 and a force transmission cylinder 24 connected to the lower end of the flange 23. The flange 23 is fixedly connected to the upper end cover of the outer casing 4.

[0045] The force transmission cylinder 24 extends into the outer casing 4 and contacts the upper end of the connector 25. A double-ended bolt 5 is provided at the lower end of the force transmission cylinder 24, and the lower end of the double-ended bolt 5 is connected to the connector 25. Here, the inner hole of the force transmission cylinder 24 is a threaded hole, and the upper end of the connector 25 is also provided with a threaded hole. The upper and lower ends of the double-ended bolt 5 are respectively inserted into the two threaded holes and threadedly connected to them, thereby connecting the upper end cover 3 to the longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer 6.

[0046] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer 2 is supported on the flange 23, and the rear end cover 1 is provided with fastening bolts 12. The fastening bolts 12 pass through the piezoelectric ceramic and are connected to the force transmission cylinder 24, so that the rear end cover 1 presses the ultrasonic transducer 2.

[0047] In some embodiments, the flange 23 and the force transmission cylinder 24 are integrally formed, and the upper end of the force transmission cylinder 24 and the flange 23 are rounded to transition, so that the vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 2 can be transmitted to the longitudinal torsion amplitude rod 6 more stably and obviously.

[0048] The upper end of the drill bit 22 is connected to the lower end of the torsion column 26. The longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer 6 can transmit vibration to the drill bit 22, causing the drill bit 22 to vibrate axially and twist simultaneously. It should be noted that when the axial vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 2 is transmitted to the longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer 6, since the surface of the torsion column 26 of the longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer 6 has a helical groove 11, the axial vibration of the torsion column 26 is caused by the internal solid cone portion and the surface helical groove 11 portion. The vibration force on the solid cone portion is still axial, but the vibration force on the helical groove 11 portion generates a tangential force under the action of the helical groove 11. Thus, the longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer 6 generates a circumferential torsion force while vibrating axially.

[0049] In some embodiments, the upper ends of each of the spiral grooves 11 are equally spaced on a circumference coaxial with the torsion column 26, and the lower ends of each of the spiral grooves 11 are equally spaced on a circumference coaxial with the torsion column 26. This uniform spacing of the spiral grooves 11 around the torsion column 26 allows for easier adjustment of the torsional amplitude by changing the parameters of the spiral grooves 11, thereby improving drilling efficiency.

[0050] The pressure sensor 8 is installed at the connection between the drill bit 22 and the torsion column 26, and is used to detect the drilling force of the drill bit 22. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force of this invention also includes an impact rod 7. The pressure sensor 8 is installed through the impact rod 7. The lower end of the impact rod 7 has a protruding mounting ring 13. The pressure sensor 8 is an annular piezoelectric sensor. The upper end of the impact rod 7 is inserted into the torsion column 26 and threadedly connected to it. The pressure sensor 8 is sleeved on the impact rod 7 and clamped by the mounting ring 13 and the lower end of the torsion column 26. The lower end of the impact rod 7 is connected to the drill bit 22. Preferably, the pressure sensor 8 is positioned at the trough of the vibration wave generated by the ultrasonic transducer 2. This allows the piezoelectric sensor to output a more obvious change in electrical signal, thus more accurately detecting the drilling force of the drill bit 22.

[0051] For more details, please refer to Figure 7 The drill bit 22 includes a drill rod 9 and a drill cylinder 21 connected to the lower end of the drill rod 9. The upper end of the drill rod 9 is provided with a connecting sleeve 16. Inside the connecting sleeve 16 is a rotatable mass block 15. The mass block 15 is a cylinder with a diameter less than or equal to the inner diameter of the connecting sleeve 16. The lower end of the impact rod 7 is inserted into the connecting sleeve 16 and contacts the mass block 15. When the drill bit 22 drills, the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 16 collides with the mass block 15. The reaction force on the mass block 15 is transmitted to the impact rod 7. The movement of the impact rod 7 acts on the pressure sensor 8. The pressure sensor 8 detects the drilling force of the drill bit 22 by detecting the reaction force on the mass block 15.

[0052] To ensure stable and continuous drilling by the drill bit 22, a cylindrical rotor 14 is provided on the outer wall of the insertion sleeve 16. The upper end of the rotor 14 contacts the lower end of the impact rod 7. The upper end of the rotor 14 abuts against the lower part of the mounting ring 13. The impact rod 7 drives the rotor 14 to rotate, causing the rotor 14 and the insertion sleeve 16 to rotate synchronously, so that part of the driving force of the impact rod 7 is transmitted to the drill bit 22 through the rotor 14. Preferably, the inner wall of the rotor 14 and the outer wall of the insertion sleeve 16 are connected by a key.

[0053] Furthermore, a preload spring 17 is fitted onto the outer wall of the rotor 14, and a return spring 18 is provided at the lower part of the insertion sleeve 16. A rotatable constraint sleeve 19 is also provided at the bottom of the outer casing 4. A bearing 20 is provided on the lower end cover 10, and the constraint sleeve 19 is inserted into the bearing 20. The lower ends of the preload spring 17 and the return spring 18 both abut against the constraint sleeve 19, and the drill rod 9 passes through the constraint sleeve 19. The upper end of the preload spring 17 abuts against the rotor 14, causing the upper end of the rotor 14 to abut against the mounting ring 13, thereby applying a preload force to the pressure sensor 8. The return spring 18 causes the insertion sleeve 16 to return to its original position after colliding with the mass block 15.

[0054] The controller is connected to the ultrasonic power supply and the pressure sensor 8, respectively, and is used to adjust the current output by the ultrasonic power supply according to the drilling force of the drill bit 22. Existing current control methods can be used to adjust the current output by the ultrasonic power supply according to the drilling force of the drill bit 22. For example, the detected drilling force of the drill bit 22 is compared with a preset threshold. When the drilling force of the drill bit 22 is greater than the preset threshold, the output current of the ultrasonic power supply is reduced, thereby reducing the drilling force of the drill bit 22.

[0055] An embodiment of this utility model provides an ultrasonic drilling sampling device that can monitor drilling force. During drilling and sampling operations, such as ultrasonic drilling operations in an extraterrestrial environment, the alternating current input to the ultrasonic transducer 2 by the ultrasonic power supply causes the ultrasonic transducer 2 to generate high-frequency axial vibration. The longitudinal torsion amplitude rod 6 amplifies the axial vibration, and under the action of the spiral groove 11, the axial vibration is converted into longitudinal simple harmonic motion and circumferential torsional motion, thereby driving the drill bit 22 to vibrate longitudinally and torsion simultaneously for drilling and sampling.

[0056] During drilling and sampling, the insertion sleeve 16 at the upper end of the drill bit 22 collides with the mass block 15 inside. The reaction force of the rock on the drill bit 22 is transmitted to the pressure sensor 8 through the insertion sleeve 16, the mass block 15, and the impact rod 7. The reaction force detected by the pressure sensor 8 is the drilling force of the drill bit 22. Based on the detected drilling force, the alternating current input to the ultrasonic transducer 2 by the ultrasonic power supply is adjusted, and the output current of the ultrasonic power supply is controlled. When the drilling force of the drill bit 22 exceeds the preset threshold, the output current of the ultrasonic power supply is reduced to avoid the hard rock and soil generating a large reaction force on the drill bit 22, which could damage the drill bit 22. This protects the drill bit 22, providing high safety performance and adaptability to extraterrestrial environments, making it suitable for drilling operations on extraterrestrial bodies.

[0057] In this document, the directional terms such as front, back, top, and bottom are defined based on the position of the components in the accompanying drawings and their relative positions to each other, solely for the purpose of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that these are relative concepts and can vary depending on different methods of use and placement; the use of these directional terms should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0058] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features described above can be combined with each other. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force, characterized in that, include: shell; An ultrasonic transducer is mounted on the upper part of the housing; An ultrasonic power supply, which is connected to the ultrasonic transducer; A longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer is disposed inside the housing and located below the ultrasonic transducer. The longitudinal torsion amplitude transformer includes an upper connector and a lower torsion column. The torsion column is a frustum-shaped structure with a diameter that gradually decreases from top to bottom. The surface of the torsion column is provided with multiple spiral grooves, and each spiral groove is spaced around the axis of the torsion column. The connector is connected to the ultrasonic transducer. The drill bit, the upper end of which is connected to the lower end of the torsion column; A pressure sensor is installed at the connection between the drill bit and the torsion column to detect the drilling force of the drill bit. The system includes a controller, which is connected to the ultrasonic power supply and the pressure sensor, respectively, and is used to adjust the current output by the ultrasonic power supply according to the drilling force of the drill bit.

2. The ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper ends of each of the spiral grooves are equally spaced on a circumference coaxial with the torsion column, and the lower ends of each of the spiral grooves are equally spaced on a circumference coaxial with the torsion column.

3. The ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an impact rod, the lower end of which is provided with a protruding mounting ring. The pressure sensor is a ring-shaped piezoelectric sensor. The upper end of the impact rod is inserted into the torsion column. The pressure sensor is sleeved on the impact rod and clamped by the mounting ring and the lower end of the torsion column. The lower end of the impact rod is connected to the drill bit.

4. The ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The drill bit includes a drill rod and a drill cylinder connected to the lower end of the drill rod. The upper end of the drill rod is provided with a plug sleeve, and a rotatable mass block is provided inside the plug sleeve. The lower end of the impact rod is inserted into the plug sleeve and contacts the mass block.

5. The ultrasonic drilling and sampling device for monitoring drilling force as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The outer wall of the insert sleeve is provided with a cylindrical rotor, and the upper end of the rotor is in contact with the lower end of the impact rod.

6. The ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the rotor and the outer wall of the insertion sleeve are connected by a key.

7. The ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the rotor is fitted with a pre-tightening spring, and the lower part of the insertion sleeve is provided with a restoring spring.

8. The ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the outer casing is also provided with a rotatable constraint sleeve, the lower end of the pre-tightening spring and the lower end of the restoring spring both abut against the constraint sleeve, and the drill rod passes through the constraint sleeve.

9. The ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the housing is provided with an upper end cover, the upper end cover includes a flange and a force transmission cylinder connected to the lower end of the flange. The force transmission cylinder extends into the housing and contacts the upper end of the connector. The lower end of the force transmission cylinder is provided with a double-ended bolt, and the lower end of the double-ended bolt is connected to the connector.

10. The ultrasonic drilling sampling device for monitoring drilling force as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The housing is also provided with a rear end cover. The ultrasonic transducer is a piezoelectric ceramic, which is supported on the flange. The rear end cover is provided with fastening bolts, which pass through the piezoelectric ceramic and are connected to the force transmission cylinder.

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