Coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of laser cladding powder feeding nozzles, in particular to a coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle which comprises at least two powder feeding nozzles and a cooling box, each powder feeding nozzle is provided with a powder feeding channel in the axial direction, the cooling box is provided with a cooling inner cavity, and the cooling inner cavity is provided with a rectangular hole. The cooling box is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the cooling inner cavity, the cooling box is provided with a light path channel used for laser to pass through, the light path channel extends from the upper end of the cooling box to the lower end of the cooling box, and the end, penetrating through the cooling inner cavity, of the powder feeding nozzle is fixed to the cooling box. When the coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle is used, the nozzle is cooled through the cooling inner cavity, the whole structure is compact, the mass of the nozzle is remarkably reduced, the size of the cooling cavity is greatly increased, and therefore the excellent cooling effect is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to laser cladding powder feeding nozzle technical field especially is related to a coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle. BACKGROUND

[0002] Laser cladding technology is an advanced surface treatment technology, which forms a metallurgical bonded cladding layer on the substrate by using high energy density laser beam to make the added cladding material and the substrate surface layer melt together and then solidify, thereby significantly improving the surface quality and repair ability of the substrate. In this process, the powder feeding method and process parameters have a direct impact on the quality of the cladding layer. With the continuous maturity of technology and the expansion of application field, the design requirements of the powder feeding device are also getting higher and higher, requiring it to have rationality, controllability and high precision, so it is particularly important to develop high-performance process equipment.

[0003] In the coaxial powder feeding method, the powder is uniformly dispersed into a ring shape and then gathered into the laser molten pool, achieving uniformity in all directions, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of single-sided powder feeding. This powder feeding method exhibits high flexibility in laser cladding production, is easy to realize automatic control, and can achieve special processing effects. The powder is transported under the action of gravity, collides with the powder feeding device, and is then melted by laser beam irradiation, finally falling into the cladding layer and solidifying. Compared with traditional side powder feeding technology, the coaxial powder feeding technology needs to uniformly divide a single powder stream into multiple streams and mix them inside the powder feeding device before spraying out. However, the structure of the powder feeding device has a significant impact on the collision, friction and uniformity of the powder movement, which can lead to uneven distribution of the concentration, speed and heated melting state of the powder after spraying in time and space, thereby affecting the appearance and microstructure of the cladding layer.

[0004] The powder feeding nozzle plays a key role in efficiently transporting and shaping the powder from the powder feeding device and then sending it into the laser molten pool. Its design aims to accurately control the spray angle, cross-sectional size of the powder flow and ensure the uniform distribution of the powder flow, which has a direct and significant impact on the final processing results. In the synchronous powder feeding process, there are various types of powder feeding nozzles, each with unique working mechanisms and advantages. Among them, two typical powder feeding nozzles are described below, each with its own characteristics in performance and application.

[0005] Off-axis powder feeding nozzles are widely used in many applications because of their simple design and the large distance between the powder outlet and the laser outlet, which effectively avoids the problem of powder feeding port clogging caused by premature melting of the powder. However, one major limitation of this nozzle is its single powder feeding direction, which limits its flexibility when processing planar workpieces. Specifically, when faced with planar processing tasks, the off-axis powder feeding nozzle can only move along a straight trajectory and cannot adapt to the processing needs of complex curved trajectories such as circles, squares, and other complex curves. This limitation makes it difficult to generate uniform cladding layers in any direction, making it unsuitable for 3D cladding technology that requires high flexibility and complex shape processing. Utility model content

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is that one major limitation of the nozzle is its single powder feeding direction, which limits its flexibility when processing planar workpieces. To solve this problem, a coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle is provided.

[0007] The utility model solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical scheme: a coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle, comprising at least two powder feeding nozzles and a cooling box, the powder feeding nozzle is provided with a powder feeding channel along its axial direction, the cooling box is provided with a cooling inner cavity, the cooling box is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet communicating with the cooling inner cavity, the cooling box is provided with a light path channel for laser passing, the light path channel extends from the upper end to the lower end of the cooling box, one end of the powder feeding nozzle passes through the cooling inner cavity and is fixed on the cooling box, a plurality of powder feeding nozzles are evenly distributed around the central axis of the light path channel, and the axes of the powder feeding channels of the plurality of powder feeding nozzles converge on the same plane in the powder outlet direction.

[0008] In some preferred embodiments, the powder feeding channel comprises a powder feeding section, a connecting section and a powder outlet section connected in sequence, and the cross section of the powder outlet section is rectangular.

[0009] In some preferred embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the connecting section gradually decreases from the powder feeding section to the powder outlet section.

[0010] In some preferred embodiments, the powder feeding nozzle comprises a nozzle body and a nozzle head arranged in sequence, the nozzle head is fixed on the nozzle body, the powder feeding section is arranged on the nozzle body, and the connecting section and the powder outlet section are arranged on the nozzle head.

[0011] In some preferred embodiments, the nozzle body and the nozzle head are welded to each other.

[0012] In some preferred embodiments, the cooling box is provided with a via hole matched with the powder feeding nozzle, the via hole passes through the cooling inner cavity from the upper end of the cooling box to the lower end of the cooling box, and the powder feeding nozzle is inserted into the via hole.

[0013] Preferably, in some embodiments, the cooling box comprises an outer cooling shell and an inner cylinder, the outer cooling shell has an inner cavity therein, the upper end of the outer cooling shell has a first through hole in communication with the inner cavity, the lower end of the outer cooling shell has a second through hole in communication with the inner cavity, the first through hole and the second through hole are coaxially arranged, the inner cylinder is arranged in the inner cavity of the outer cooling shell, the upper end of the inner cylinder is threadedly connected with the first through hole, the lower end of the inner cylinder is arranged in the inner cavity and is sealed from each other, the second through hole is arranged relative to the inner hole of the inner cylinder, and the cooling inner cavity is formed between the inner cavity and the inner cylinder.

[0014] Preferably, in some embodiments, the angle X between the axis of the powder feeding channel and the same plane where the powder outlet direction converges is greater than or equal to 60 degrees.

[0015] Preferably, in some embodiments, the angle X between the axis of the powder feeding channel and the same plane where the powder outlet direction converges is 70 degrees.

[0016] Preferably, in some embodiments, the light path channel is cylindrical.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle of the present application is cooled by the cooling inner cavity during use, has a compact overall structure, significantly reduces the mass of the nozzle, greatly increases the volume of the cooling cavity, and thus achieves excellent cooling effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.

[0019] Figure 1 is the front view of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 is Figure 1 is the A-A sectional view of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 is the left view of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 is Figure 3 is the B-B sectional view of the present application.

[0023] In the drawings: 1, powder feeding nozzle, 101, powder feeding channel, 1011, powder feeding section, 1012, connecting section, 1013, powder outlet section, 102, nozzle body, 103, nozzle head;

[0024] 2, cooling box, 201, cooling inner cavity, 202, water inlet, 203, water outlet, 204, light path channel, 205, via, 206, outer cooling shell, 207, inner cylinder, 2071, first through hole, 2072, second through hole;

[0025] X is an included angle between an axis of the powder feeding channel 101 and a same plane in which the powder feeding direction converges. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The utility model makes further detailed description below combining with the embodiment:

[0027] The utility model is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and the person skilled in the art can implement the utility model by using other various specific embodiments according to the content disclosed in the utility model, or any design structure and idea using the utility model, simple change or change, all fall within the protection scope of the utility model. It should be noted that in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the utility model and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0028] In the description of the utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features limited by "first", "second" and the like can explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the utility model, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0029] In the description of the utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected, it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected, it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the communication between two elements. For the person skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] As Figures 1-4As shown, a coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle comprises two powder feeding nozzles 1 and a cooling box 2, the number of powder feeding nozzles 1 in the embodiment is two, of course, in addition to two, it can also be three, four, five or more, the number of powder feeding nozzles 1 is determined according to the user's own needs, a powder feeding channel 101 is arranged on the powder feeding nozzle 1 along the axial direction, a cooling inner cavity 201 is formed on the cooling box 2, a water inlet 202 and a water outlet 203 are arranged on the cooling box 2, the water inlet 202 and the water outlet 203 are communicated with the cooling inner cavity 201, a light path channel 204 is arranged on the cooling box 2, the light path channel 204 is cylindrical, the light path channel 204 is used for laser passing, the light path channel 204 extends from the upper end to the lower end of the cooling box 2, one end of the powder feeding nozzle 1 passes through the cooling inner cavity 201 and is fixed on the cooling box 2, the two powder feeding nozzles 1 are uniformly distributed around the central axis of the light path channel 204, and the axes of the powder feeding channels 101 on the two powder feeding nozzles 1 converge on the same plane in the powder outlet direction.

[0031] The powder feeding segment 1011 of the powder feeding channel 101 on the nozzle body 102 is processed by drilling technology, the connecting segment 1012 and the powder outlet segment 1013 on the nozzle head 103 are separately processed, and a rectangular hole is formed on the nozzle head 103. The purpose of this is to change the originally cylindrical powder flow into a rectangular shape before spraying it out. For the powder outlet segment 1013 of the rectangular hole, the powder can be accurately converged into the molten pool covered by the rectangular laser radiation, ensuring that the powder flow and the laser beam are coaxial output, and the size of the rectangular cross section of the powder flow does not exceed the size of the laser rectangular spot, thereby improving the utilization rate of the powder. The geometric size of the powder feeding nozzle 1 has a significant influence on the convergence characteristics of the powder flow and the cladding quality. The powder feeding channel 101 comprises the powder feeding segment 1011, the connecting segment 1012 and the powder outlet segment 1013 which are communicated in sequence. The cross section of the powder outlet segment 1013 is rectangular. The cross section area of the connecting segment 1012 gradually decreases from the powder feeding segment 1011 to the powder outlet segment 1013. The powder feeding nozzle 1 comprises the nozzle body 102 and the nozzle head 103 which are arranged in sequence. The nozzle head 103 is fixed on the nozzle body 102. The powder feeding segment 1011 is arranged on the nozzle body 102. The connecting segment 1012 and the powder outlet segment 1013 are arranged on the nozzle head 103. The nozzle body 102 and the nozzle head 103 are welded with each other.

[0032] A via hole 205 matched with the powder feeding nozzle 1 is formed on the cooling box 2. The via hole 205 passes through the cooling inner cavity 201 from the upper end of the cooling box 2 to the lower end of the cooling box 2. The powder feeding nozzle 1 is inserted into the via hole 205.

[0033] The cooling box 2 comprises an outer cooling shell 206 and an inner cylinder 207, the outer cooling shell 206 has an inner cavity in the inner cavity, the upper end of the outer cooling shell 206 has a first through hole 2071 communicating with the inner cavity, the lower end of the outer cooling shell 206 has a second through hole 2072 communicating with the inner cavity, the first through hole 2071 and the second through hole 2072 are coaxially arranged, the inner cylinder 207 is arranged in the inner cavity of the outer cooling shell 206, the upper end of the inner cylinder 207 is threadedly connected with the first through hole 2071, the lower end of the inner cylinder 207 is arranged in the inner cavity and is sealed with each other, the second through hole 2072 is arranged relative to the inner hole of the inner cylinder 207, and the cooling inner cavity 201 is formed between the inner cavity and the inner cylinder 207.

[0034] The angle X between the axis of the powder feeding channel 101 and the same plane where the powder outlet direction converges is greater than or equal to 60°, and in the embodiment, the angle X between the axis of the powder feeding channel 101 and the same plane where the powder outlet direction converges is preferably 70°. The inclination angle of the powder feeding channel 101 refers to the angle between the powder feeding channel 101 and the same plane. Based on practical experience, the inclination angle of the powder feeding channel 101 is not less than 60°, and as the inclination angle increases, the powder flow concentration focus point of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 1 along the central axis will move downward, the greater the inclination angle, the slower the powder flow converges after convergence, and the better the convergence effect. Therefore, it is a reasonable decision to choose 70° as the inclination angle. Under the condition of this inclination angle, the maximum powder flow concentration of the powder feeding channel 101 along the central axis will appear at the lower end of the powder outlet plane. When the inclination angle is large, the powder flow convergence focus point is far from the lower end of the powder outlet, and the powder flow convergence is good, but there may be obvious rebound phenomenon. On the contrary, if the inclination angle is small, the powder flow convergence focus point is close to the lower end of the powder outlet, and in the laser processing process, it will be more affected by the molten pool rebound and laser reflection, which may cause the nozzle to be deformed by heat, and put higher requirements on the cooling structure, and increase the risk of powder feeding channel 101 outlet blockage. Although the inclination angle of the nozzle has a certain influence on the powder flow convergence concentration at the focus point and the focus point radius, the influence is not obvious. Considering various factors, it is the best choice to choose the inclination angle of the powder feeding channel 101 of the powder feeding nozzle 1 as 70 degrees.

[0035] The coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle has the following advantages: when in use, the cooling box 2 is provided with a cylindrical hole as a laser beam channel, that is, a light path channel 204, and the powder feeding nozzles 1 are uniformly distributed along the direction of the cylindrical hole, specifically, two powder feeding nozzles 1 are uniformly distributed in a conical form outside the laser beam channel, and the number of the powder feeding nozzles 1 is two, and the two powder feeding nozzles 1 are focused on the same plane of the beam axis, and at the same time, the cooling box 2 is provided with a cooling inner cavity 201, and the annular sleeve separates the cooling inner cavity 201 from the light path channel 204, and the powder feeding channel 101 is cooled through the cooling inner cavity 201, and from the machining method, since the powder feeding channel 101 needs to pass through the cooling inner cavity 201, the machining difficulty is large, therefore, the powder feeding channel 101 is first machined into a tubular shape, then two holes are drilled on the cooling structure, finally, the outer cooling shell 206 and the inner ring cylinder 207 are sealed, the inner cavity body and the inner ring cylinder 207 jointly form a sealed cooling inner cavity 201, the inner ring cylinder 207 is internally provided with the light path channel 204 of the laser beam, and in order to ensure the sealing performance, the upper end of the inner ring cylinder 207 is tightly connected with the first through hole 2071 through a sealing thread, and the overall structure design not only ensures the uniformity of the powder feeding, but also ensures the effective cooling of the nozzle during the working process.

[0036] According to the ideal embodiment of the present application, the related personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present application. The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle, characterized in that: The application relates to a powder feeding device for a laser cutting machine, which comprises at least two powder feeding nozzles (1) and a cooling box (2), wherein the powder feeding nozzles (1) are provided with powder feeding channels (101) along the axial direction thereof, the cooling box (2) is provided with a cooling cavity (201), the cooling box (2) is provided with a water inlet (202) and a water outlet (203) which are communicated with the cooling cavity (201), the cooling box (2) is provided with a light path channel (204) for laser passing, the light path channel (204) extends from the upper end to the lower end of the cooling box (2), one end of the powder feeding nozzle (1) passes through the cooling cavity (201) and is fixed on the cooling box (2), a plurality of powder feeding nozzles (1) are uniformly distributed around the central axis of the light path channel (204), and the axial lines of the powder feeding channels (101) of the plurality of powder feeding nozzles (1) converge on the same plane in the powder outlet direction with the axial line of the light path channel (204).

2. The coaxial rectangular hole type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder feeding channel (101) comprises a powder feeding section (1011), a connecting section (1012) and a powder outlet section (1013) which are communicated in sequence, and the cross section of the powder outlet section (1013) is rectangular.

3. The coaxial rectangular slot type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross section area of the connecting section (1012) gradually decreases from the powder feeding section (1011) to the powder outlet section (1013).

4. The coaxial rectangular slot type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The powder feeding nozzle (1) comprises a nozzle body (102) and a nozzle head (103) which are arranged in sequence, the nozzle head (103) is fixed on the nozzle body (102), the powder feeding section (1011) is arranged on the nozzle body (102), and the connecting section (1012) and the powder outlet section (1013) are arranged on the nozzle head (103).

5. The coaxial rectangular slot type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The nozzle body (102) and the nozzle head (103) are welded with each other.

6. The coaxial rectangular slot type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling box (2) is provided with a through hole (205) which matches the powder feeding nozzle (1), the through hole (205) passes through the cooling cavity (201) from the upper end of the cooling box (2) to the lower end of the cooling box (2), and the powder feeding nozzle (1) is inserted into the through hole (205).

7. The coaxial rectangular slot type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling box (2) comprises an outer cooling shell (206) and an inner ring cylinder (207), the outer cooling shell (206) has an inner cavity, the upper end of the outer cooling shell (206) is provided with a first through hole (2071) which is communicated with the inner cavity, the lower end of the outer cooling shell (206) is provided with a second through hole (2072) which is communicated with the inner cavity, the first through hole (2071) and the second through hole (2072) are coaxially arranged, the inner ring cylinder (207) is arranged in the inner cavity of the outer cooling shell (206), the upper end of the inner ring cylinder (207) is threadedly connected with the first through hole (2071), the lower end of the inner ring cylinder (207) is arranged in the inner cavity and is sealed with each other, the second through hole (2072) is arranged relative to the inner hole of the inner ring cylinder (207), and the cooling cavity (201) is formed between the inner cavity and the inner ring cylinder (207).

8. The coaxial rectangular slot type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle X between the axial line of the powder feeding channel (101) and the same plane in the powder outlet direction is greater than or equal to 60 degrees.

9. The coaxial rectangular slot type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The included angle X between the axial line of the powder feeding channel (101) and the same plane in the powder outlet direction is 70 degrees.

10. The coaxial rectangular slot type laser cladding powder feeding nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light path channel (204) is cylindrical.

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