Multi-frequency satellite-ground fusion network antenna of low-orbit satellite

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-frequency satellite-ground fusion network antenna for a low-orbit satellite. The antenna comprises an upper shell, a bottom shell, a supporting column installed on the top surface of the bottom shell, a low-orbit satellite antenna installed in a cavity of the upper shell, a local LoRaWAN antenna, a GNSS positioning antenna, a 4G LTE antenna and a mainboard. The low-orbit satellite antenna comprises a PCB installed on the top face of the supporting column, a four-arm spiral antenna body and a radio frequency output port, a feeding point of the four-arm spiral antenna body is connected with a feeding network on the PCB, and the radio frequency output port is connected with the mainboard through a coaxial line; the local LoRaWAN antenna is placed in the center of the four-arm helical antenna body, and a feeding point is connected with a pi-type matching circuit on the antenna PCB; the GNSS positioning antenna is placed near the center of the antenna PCB, and a feeding point is connected with an LNA circuit on the antenna PCB; the 4G LTE antenna is placed below the antenna PCB and is connected with the mainboard through a coaxial line; and the mainboard is placed below the antenna PCB and is connected with the feed network, the pi-type matching circuit and the LNA circuit, so that multiple frequency band coverage and communication modes are realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a low earth orbit satellite antenna, especially to a low earth orbit satellite multi-frequency satellite-ground fusion network antenna, belongs to satellite communication antenna technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing number of global internet users, the demand for high-speed, low-latency and global coverage communication services is growing. In order to meet the needs of users and promote market expansion, low earth orbit satellite communication technology is also constantly progressing.

[0003] Firstly, traditional satellite communication antennas such as microstrip antennas, ceramic antennas or four-arm spiral antennas, although to some extent meet the needs of satellite communication, but they mostly use high frequency band (above 1.5GHz) for communication, which limits their application scenarios and flexibility. The frequency of the newly developed compact low earth orbit satellite antenna (application number: CN202420269847.9) can cover 400Mhz-403Mhz, and meets the performance requirements of low earth orbit satellite antennas, filling the market gap of four-arm spiral antennas with a working frequency of about 400MHz. However, this antenna can only perform satellite communication, and when there is no satellite signal, it cannot realize communication, which greatly reduces the reliability and continuity of communication.

[0004] Secondly, with the continuous development of communication technology, people's demand for communication is also increasingly diversified. Single satellite communication has been unable to meet people's growing communication needs. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a multi-frequency satellite-ground integrated antenna that can support satellite communication and ground communication at the same time. Such an antenna not only can perform satellite communication when there is a satellite signal, but also can switch to a ground communication system when there is no satellite signal, ensuring the continuity and stability of communication.

[0005] Therefore, the development and design of a multi-frequency satellite-ground integrated low earth orbit satellite communication antenna is an important way to solve the existing problems of current low earth orbit satellite communication antennas. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above existing technical problems, the technical purpose of the utility model is to provide a low earth orbit satellite multi-frequency satellite-ground fusion network antenna, which integrates various radio frequency antennas and mainboards together to achieve the technical purpose of multi-band coverage and communication mode.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a low earth orbit satellite multi-frequency satellite-ground fusion network antenna, which comprises a upper shell and a bottom shell connected, a plurality of support columns installed on the top surface of the bottom shell, and a low earth orbit satellite antenna, a local LoRaWAN antenna, a GNSS positioning antenna, a 4G LTE antenna and a mainboard installed in the cavity of the upper shell.

[0008] The low-orbit satellite antenna comprises a PCB board installed on the top surface of the support column, a four-arm helical antenna body installed on the top surface of the antenna PCB board, and a radio frequency output port installed on the bottom surface of the antenna PCB board; a feeding point of the four-arm helical antenna body is connected to a feeding network on the antenna PCB board, and the radio frequency output port is connected to a main board through a coaxial line;

[0009] The local LoRaWAN antenna is placed in the center of the four-arm helical antenna body, and a feeding point is connected to a π-shaped matching circuit on the antenna PCB board;

[0010] The GNSS positioning antenna is placed near the center of the antenna PCB board, and a feeding point is connected to an LNA circuit on the antenna PCB board;

[0011] The 4G LTE antenna is placed below the antenna PCB board and is connected to the main board through a coaxial line;

[0012] The main board is placed below the antenna PCB board and is connected to the feeding network, the π-shaped matching circuit and the LNA circuit on the antenna PCB board, respectively.

[0013] Further, the local LoRaWAN antenna adopts a single-stage bullet spring antenna and can output a signal with an impedance of 50 ohms.

[0014] Further, the GNSS positioning antenna adopts a circularly polarized ceramic antenna.

[0015] Further, the circularly polarized ceramic antenna adopts a rectangular microstrip ceramic antenna and forms right-hand circular polarization through silver surface angle cutting.

[0016] Further, the 4G antenna adopts a flexible FPC antenna and is attached to the inner wall of the upper shell below the antenna PCB board.

[0017] Further, the four-arm helical antenna body is wound into a cylindrical shape and comprises a first dielectric substrate and four radiation arms loaded on the outer surface thereof; the four radiation arms are identical in shape and are arranged at intervals of 90° around the axis of the cylinder in sequence;

[0018] Each of the radiation arms has a length of one quarter of the working wavelength and is wound into a spiral shape through four times of bending, and comprises, from the outside to the inside, a first metal line, a second metal line, a third metal line, a fourth metal line and a fifth metal line in sequence; the bottom edge of the first metal line is provided with a feeding point and a short-circuit point of the four-arm helical antenna body;

[0019] The antenna PCB board comprises a second dielectric substrate and a feeding network loaded on the top surface thereof; the feeding network comprises four signal ports and four ground ports;

[0020] And the four radiation arms are connected to four signal ports in sequence through respective feed points, and connected to four ground ports in sequence through respective short-circuit points.

[0021] The first metal circuit, the third metal circuit and the fifth metal circuit are parallel to each other and form a preset inclination angle with the bottom edge of the first dielectric substrate; and the second metal circuit and the fourth metal circuit are parallel to the bottom edge of the first dielectric substrate, respectively.

[0022] The feeding network excites the four radiation arms with equal amplitude through the four signal ports, and outputs signals with phases of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, respectively, and the phases lag by 90° in sequence in a clockwise direction, forming left-hand circular polarization.

[0023] In summary, the low-orbit satellite multi-frequency satellite-ground fusion network antenna has the characteristics of miniaturization, light weight, multiple frequency band coverage and communication mode, greatly improves the reliability and continuity of communication, meets the increasing communication needs of people, and promotes the further development of communication technology.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical advantages:

[0025] (1) Considering that the antenna forms, polarization modes of the low-orbit satellite antenna 4, the local LoRaWAN antenna 5, the GNSS positioning antenna 6 and the 4G LTE antenna 7 are quite different, and the local LoRaWAN antenna needs to radiate horizontally, the 4G LTE antenna 7 needs to radiate around, and the GNSS positioning antenna 6 and the low-orbit satellite antenna 4 need to radiate upward, the utility model ingeniously integrates the local LoRaWAN antenna 5, the GNSS positioning antenna 6, the 4G LTE antenna 7 and the mainboard 8 in the structure of the low-orbit satellite antenna 4 according to the radiation characteristics of each antenna, so that each antenna can exert the best performance and meet the application requirements of circularly polarized antennas, such as low cost, compact structure and small size.

[0026] (2) The low-orbit satellite antenna, local LoRaWAN antenna, GNSS positioning antenna, and 4G LTE antenna operate in different frequency bands, achieving the effect of multiple frequency band coverage and communication modes. When there is a satellite signal, the low-orbit satellite antenna of this invention can communicate via the satellite signal; when there is a terrestrial 4G LTE base station signal, the 4G LTE antenna of this invention can communicate via the 4G LTE base station signal; when the distance between the two devices is ≤1.5 km and there is no terrestrial 4G LTE base station signal, the local LoRaWAN antenna of this invention can communicate via LoRaWAN. Furthermore, the GNSS positioning antenna of this invention communicates by receiving radio signals from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 3 This is an unfolded view of the four-armed helical antenna body in this utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 This is the circuit diagram of the power supply network in this utility model;

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Upper shell, 2. Bottom shell, 3. Support column, 4. Low-orbit satellite antenna, 41. Antenna PCB board, 5. Local LoRaWAN antenna, 6. GNSS positioning antenna, 7. 4G LTE antenna, 8. Main board, 11. First dielectric substrate, 12. Radiation arm, 101. Feed point of the four-arm helical antenna body, 102. Short circuit point, 121. First metal line, 122. Second metal line, 123. Third metal line, 124. Fourth metal line, 125. Fifth metal line, 103. Adhesive backing area. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] It also needs to be explained that if the embodiment of the utility model has directionality indication (such as front, back, inside, outside, top, bottom……), the directionality indication is only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition and the like between components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawing), if the specific posture changes, then the directionality indication also changes accordingly.

[0035] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the embodiment provides a low-orbit satellite multi-frequency satellite-ground fusion network antenna, which comprises a top shell 1 and a bottom shell 2 connected, a plurality of support columns 3 installed on the top surface of the bottom shell 2, and a low-orbit satellite antenna 4, a local LoRaWAN antenna 5, a GNSS positioning antenna 6, a 4G LTE antenna 7 and a mainboard 8 installed in the cavity of the top shell 1. And on the basis of the low-orbit satellite antenna 4, the local LoRaWAN antenna 5, the GNSS positioning antenna 6, the 4G LTE antenna 7 and the mainboard 8 are integrated inside the top shell 1, which is specifically introduced as follows.

[0036] As shown in Figures 1 to 3 , the low-orbit satellite antenna 4 comprises an antenna PCB board 41 installed on the top surface of the support column 3, a four-arm spiral antenna body installed on the top surface of the antenna PCB board 41, and a radio frequency output port installed on the bottom surface of the antenna PCB board 41, and the feed point 101 of the four-arm spiral antenna body is connected to the feed network on the antenna PCB board 41, and the radio frequency output port is connected to the mainboard 8 through a coaxial line. In specific implementation, the radio frequency output port is buckled on the corresponding interface of the mainboard 8 through the coaxial line.

[0037] Especially, the support column 4 is supported between the antenna PCB board 41 and the bottom shell 2, on the one hand, to leave a radiation space for the 4G LTE antenna 7 and ensure the performance of the 4G LTE antenna 7, and on the other hand, to facilitate all antennas to be buckled on the mainboard 8.

[0038] In other embodiments, as shown in Figure 3 , the four-arm spiral antenna body is wound into a cylindrical shape, comprising a first dielectric substrate 11, and four radiation arms 12 loaded on the outer surface thereof; the four radiation arms 12 are completely the same in shape and size, and are uniformly distributed on the circumference formed by the first dielectric substrate 11 around the axis of the cylinder, and are arranged in sequence with an interval of 90° in the circumferential direction.

[0039] In specific implementation, the four-arm spiral antenna body adopts a flexible printed circuit board FPC. One side of the first dielectric substrate 11 is provided with a back adhesive area 103, and the other side is connected through the back adhesive area 103, so that the two sides are fixed together after being wound into a cylindrical shape.

[0040] Each of the radiating arms 12 is a metal line on a flexible printed circuit board (FPC), with a length equal to one-quarter of the operating wavelength. Furthermore, each radiating arm 12 is wound into a spiral shape through four bends, comprising a first metal line 121, a second metal line 122, a third metal line 123, a fourth metal line 124, and a fifth metal line 125 connected sequentially from the outside in, thereby significantly reducing the extended dimensions of the four-arm spiral antenna and shrinking the overall size of this invention. Additionally, the bottom edge of the first metal line 121 provides a feed point 101 and a short-circuit point 102 for the four-arm spiral antenna and extends downwards beyond the bottom edge of the first dielectric substrate 11.

[0041] In a specific implementation, the first metal line 121, the third metal line 123, and the fifth metal line 125 are parallel to each other and form a preset tilt angle with the bottom edge of the first dielectric substrate 11; the second metal line 122 and the fourth metal line 124 are parallel to the bottom edge of the first dielectric substrate 11, respectively.

[0042] The antenna PCB board 41 includes a second dielectric substrate 21 and a feed network loaded on its top surface; the feed network includes four signal ports and four ground ports for providing signals of equal amplitude and phase difference of 90° to the four radiating arms 12.

[0043] In specific implementation, such as Figure 4 As shown, the feeding network excites the four radiating arms 12 with equal amplitude through four signal ports, and outputs signals with phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° respectively, with the phases lagging by 90° clockwise. This ultimately causes the four radiating arms 12 to emit left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the low-orbit satellite antenna 4 operates in the 400MHz-403MHz frequency band, and its left-hand circularly polarized gain is ≥-1dBi when the elevation angle is ≥30°.

[0044] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the local LoRaWAN antenna 5 is an antenna used in LoRaWAN networks. It is placed at the center of a four-arm helical antenna body, and its feed point is connected to the π-type matching circuit on the antenna PCB board 41. The π-type matching circuit is a commonly used impedance matching circuit, composed of inductors, capacitors, and other components, and its shape resembles the letter "π". Its main function is to adjust the antenna's input impedance to ensure a 50-ohm impedance for the antenna's output signal.

[0045] In implementation, the local LoRaWAN antenna 5 adopts a single-stage bullet spring antenna, mainly composed of a whole spring antenna, and the end is protected by a plastic sleeve, and can output a signal with an impedance of 50 ohms. Moreover, the frequency band mainly used by the local LoRaWAN antenna 5 in China is 470MHz to 510MHz. This is a special frequency band for LoRa technology in China, with the advantages of long communication distance, strong wall penetration ability and low power consumption, and is widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT) field, such as smart city, environmental monitoring, agricultural automation, smart home, etc.

[0046] As shown in Figure 2 , the GNSS positioning antenna 6 communicates by receiving radio signals from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which is placed near the center of the antenna PCB board 41, and the feed point is connected to the LNA circuit on the antenna PCB board 41. Among them, the LNA circuit is a commonly used circuit, mainly for amplifying and filtering the received satellite positioning signal, and outputting it to the positioning module for calculation.

[0047] In implementation, the GNSS positioning antenna 6 adopts a circularly polarized ceramic antenna. Further, the circularly polarized ceramic antenna adopts a rectangular microstrip ceramic antenna, and forms a right-handed circular polarization by silver surface angle cutting. Moreover, the GNSS positioning antenna 6 usually covers multiple frequency bands, because GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) includes multiple systems, such as GPS (USA), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (Europe) and BDS (China Beidou) etc. Each system has its specific frequency band. For example, the L1 frequency band of GPS is 1575.42MHz, while the B1 frequency band of BDS is 1561.098MHz. Therefore, the GNSS positioning antenna 6 can receive signals of these different frequency bands, and the specific frequency band may vary depending on the system and application.

[0048] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the 4G LTE antenna 7 is responsible for receiving and transmitting wireless signals, which is placed below the antenna PCB board 41 and connected to the mainboard 8 through a coaxial line. Among them, one end of the coaxial line is welded on the 4G LTE antenna 7, and the other end is buckled on the mainboard 8, to ensure smooth transmission and processing of signals.

[0049] In specific implementation, the 4G LTE antenna 7 adopts a flexible FPC antenna and is attached to the inner wall of the upper shell 1 below the antenna PCB 41, and the antenna standing wave matches the upper shell 1 and the mainboard 8 environment, thereby ensuring the realization of sensitivity and power performance. Moreover, the 4G LTE antenna 7 mainly works in specific LTE frequency bands, which vary with regions and operators. The 4G LTE technology uses multiple frequency bands, including but not limited to 700MHz, 800MHz, 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 2100MHz, 2600MHz, etc. In China, the frequency bands commonly covered by the 4G LTE antenna 7 include the TD-LTE frequency bands of China Mobile (such as 1880-1900MHz, 2320-2370MHz, 2575-2635MHz, etc.) and the FDD-LTE frequency bands of China Unicom / China Telecom (such as 1710-1785MHz, 1880-1920MHz, etc.). The specific frequency band usage depends on the network deployment and regional planning of the operator.

[0050] As can be seen from the above, the utility model further increases the local LoRaWAN antenna 5, GNSS positioning antenna 6 and 4G LTE antenna 7 on the basis of the low-orbit satellite antenna 4, and reasonably arranges them inside the structure of the low-orbit satellite antenna 4, thereby meeting the application requirements of low cost, compact structure and small size of the circularly polarized antenna on the premise of ensuring high performance indexes.

[0051] As shown in Figure 1 The mainboard 8 is placed below the antenna PCB 41 and is located near a support column 3 thereof and is connected to the feeding network, the π-type matching circuit and the LNA circuit on the antenna PCB 41, thereby connecting the low-orbit satellite antenna 4, the local LoRaWAN antenna 5 and the GNSS positioning antenna 6, respectively, so that the four antennas work under the control of the mainboard 8.

[0052] The mainboard 8 is placed below the antenna PCB 41 and is connected to the feeding network, the π-type matching circuit and the LNA circuit on the antenna PCB 41.

[0053] In specific implementation, the mainboard 8 is installed with modules corresponding to the low-orbit satellite antenna 4, the local LoRaWAN antenna 5, the GNSS positioning antenna 6 and the 4G LTE antenna 7, respectively, and is provided with corresponding interfaces for realizing corresponding functions. Moreover, the antenna PCB is provided with three interfaces corresponding to the feeding network, the π-type matching circuit and the LNA circuit, respectively, so as to connect the low-orbit satellite antenna 4, the local LoRaWAN antenna 5 and the GNSS positioning antenna 6 to the three interfaces of the mainboard 8. In addition, the 4G LTE antenna 7 is directly connected to the mainboard 8 through a coaxial line.

[0054] In conclusion, the working process of the utility model is as follows: when there is a satellite signal, the low-orbit satellite antenna 4 communicates through the satellite signal; when there is a ground 4G LTE base station signal, the 4G LTE antenna 7 communicates through the 4G LTE base station signal; when the distance between the two devices is ≤1.5 kilometers and there is no ground 4G LTE base station signal, the local LoRaWAN antenna 5 communicates through LoRaWAN; the GNSS positioning antenna 6 communicates by receiving radio signals from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In this way, the utility model can achieve the technical effect of multiple frequency band coverage and communication mode under the control of the mainboard 8.

[0055] In addition, although the principle of the utility model is described in detail above in combination with the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned embodiments are only an explanatory implementation of the utility model, and are not a limitation on the scope of the utility model. The details in the embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the scope of the utility model, and any obvious changes, simple replacements, etc. based on the technical solution of the utility model, without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A low earth orbit satellite multi-frequency space-to-ground converged network antenna, characterized in that, The low-orbit satellite antenna, the local LoRaWAN antenna, the GNSS positioning antenna, the 4G LTE antenna and the mainboard are installed in the cavity of the upper shell and the bottom shell; The low-orbit satellite antenna includes a PCB board installed on the top surface of the support column, a four-arm helical antenna body installed on the top surface of the antenna PCB board, and a radio frequency output port installed on the bottom surface of the antenna PCB board; and the feed point of the four-arm helical antenna body is connected to the feed network on the antenna PCB board, and the radio frequency output port is connected to the mainboard through a coaxial line. The local LoRaWAN antenna is placed at the center of the four-arm helical antenna body, and the feed point is connected to the π-type matching circuit on the antenna PCB board. The GNSS positioning antenna is placed near the center of the antenna PCB board, and the feed point is connected to the LNA circuit on the antenna PCB board. The 4G LTE antenna is placed below the antenna PCB board and is connected to the mainboard through a coaxial line. The mainboard is placed below the antenna PCB board and is connected to the feed network, the π-type matching circuit and the LNA circuit on the antenna PCB board, respectively.

2. The low earth orbit satellite multi-frequency space-to-ground converged network antenna of claim 1, wherein, The local LoRaWAN antenna adopts a single-stage bullet spring antenna and can output a signal with an impedance of 50 ohms.

3. The low earth orbit satellite multi-frequency space-to-ground converged network antenna of claim 1, wherein, The GNSS positioning antenna adopts a circularly polarized ceramic antenna.

4. The LEO satellite multi-frequency space-to-ground fusion network antenna of claim 3, wherein, The circularly polarized ceramic antenna adopts a rectangular microstrip ceramic antenna and forms a right-handed circular polarization by cutting the corners of the silver surface.

5. The low earth orbit satellite multi-frequency space-to-ground converged network antenna of claim 1, wherein, The 4G LTE antenna adopts a flexible FPC antenna and is attached to the inner wall of the upper shell below the antenna PCB board.

6. The low earth orbit satellite multi-frequency space-to-ground converged network antenna of claim 1, wherein, The four-arm helical antenna body is wound into a cylindrical shape and includes a first dielectric substrate and four radiation arms loaded on the outer surface thereof; the four radiation arms are identical in shape and are arranged in sequence at intervals of 90° around the axis of the cylinder; Each of the radiation arms has a length of one-quarter of the working wavelength and is wound into a spiral shape by four bends, from the outside to the inside, including a first metal line, a second metal line, a third metal line, a fourth metal line and a fifth metal line connected in sequence; the bottom edge of the first metal line is provided with a feed point and a short circuit point of the four-arm helical antenna body; The antenna PCB board includes a second dielectric substrate and a feed network loaded on the top surface thereof; the feed network includes four signal ports and four ground ports; Furthermore, the four radiation arms are connected to the four signal ports in sequence through the respective feed points and are connected to the four ground ports in sequence through the respective short circuit points.

7. The LEO satellite multi-frequency space-to-ground converged network antenna of claim 6, wherein, The first metal line, the third metal line and the fifth metal line are parallel to each other and form a predetermined inclination angle with the bottom edge of the first dielectric substrate; the second metal line and the fourth metal line are parallel to the bottom edge of the first dielectric substrate, respectively.

8. The LEO satellite multi-frequency space-to-ground converged network antenna of claim 6 or 7, wherein, The feed network excites the four radiation arms with equal amplitude through the four signal ports and outputs signals with phases of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, respectively, and the phases lag by 90° in sequence clockwise, forming a left-handed circular polarization.

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