Physical experiment device for demonstrating and verifying buoyancy principle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a physical experiment device for demonstrating and verifying a buoyancy principle, which is characterized by comprising a supporting plate, a connecting rope, a floating ball group, two dynamometers, a supporting rod which is fixedly arranged on the supporting plate and can freely lift up and down, and a balancing rod which is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting rod and is horizontally arranged, the two pulleys are horizontally and symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the balance rod, the rope locking assembly is arranged in the middle of the balance rod and used for limiting horizontal movement of the connecting rope, the buoy is arranged on the supporting plate and located under the corresponding pulleys, the measuring cylinder is fixedly arranged on one side of the buoy, and the overflow pipe is communicated between the top of the buoy and the top of the measuring cylinder. The buoyancy experiment device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, not only can be convenient for students to carry out experiments personally to verify the buoyancy principle, but also can intuitively compare and understand the relationship between the buoyancy and the volume and density of discharged liquid in the experiment process, and has better popularization and practical values in physics teaching.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to an experimental device for assisting teaching, in particular to a physical experimental device for demonstrating and verifying buoyancy principle. BACKGROUND

[0002] Buoyancy principle is a relatively important knowledge point in physical teaching. F Buoyancy principle is Archimedes' principle, and its content is that an object immersed in liquid will be subjected to vertical upward buoyancy, and the buoyancy is the gravity of liquid displaced by the object when sinking, and its calculation formula is p F g = V V F g p , g wherein V F F is buoyancy, g g V is liquid density, p is gravity acceleration, and V is the volume of liquid displaced by the object.

[0003] From the above, it can be seen that buoyancy F is related to gravity acceleration g, the volume V of liquid displaced by the object and liquid density, and is irrelevant to the depth of the object and the mass of the object. M g In order to enable students to easily understand buoyancy principle and firmly grasp the calculation formula of buoyancy, the following method is usually used to demonstrate or verify buoyancy principle in teaching, that is, a heavy object with a density greater than water is hung on a force meter, then the object is immersed in a beaker filled with water, the overflow water in the beaker is collected and weighed, and then it is verified whether the weight of the overflow water F is equal to the product of gravity acceleration g and the change of force meter reading △ . F In the above process, since the weight of the overflow water is directly weighed, the relationship between buoyancy F and the volume V of liquid displaced by the object and liquid density cannot be intuitively reflected, thereby affecting the teaching effect. V、 UTILITY MODEL CONTENT p In view of the above problems, the utility model provides a physical experimental device for demonstrating and verifying buoyancy principle.

[0004] The utility model realizes the following technical scheme.

[0005] The utility model realizes the following technical scheme.

[0006] The utility model provides a physical experiment device of demonstrating and verifying buoyancy principle, its characterized in being including support plate, connecting rope, float ball group, two dynamometers, the support rod of being fixedly arranged on support plate and can freely lift up and down, the balance bar of being fixedly connected with support rod top and being horizontally arranged, two pulleys of being horizontally and symmetrically arranged at the both ends of balance bar, the lock rope assembly of being arranged at the intermediate position of balance bar and being used to limit the horizontal movement of connecting rope, the buoy of being arranged on support plate and being located the directly below of corresponding pulley, the measuring cylinder of being fixedly arranged on the one side of buoy, the overflow pipe of being communicated between the top of buoy and the top of measuring cylinder, the float ball group includes two mass volumes same float ball A, a mass same with float ball A but the volume is less than float ball A's float ball B, the connecting rope is arranged between two pulleys through lock rope assembly, and the free end of connecting rope is connected with the upper end of two dynamometers respectively through two pulleys, and the lower end of dynamometer is connected with float ball A or float ball B.

[0007] Preferably, the support rod includes a fixed rod fixed vertically on the support plate, a movable rod inserted into the top of the fixed support rod and capable of freely lifting up and down, and a locking bolt arranged on one side of the fixed rod to fix the height position of the movable rod.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom of the buoy is provided with a first liquid discharge pipe, and the first liquid discharge pipe is provided with a first valve; the bottom of the measuring cylinder is provided with a second liquid discharge pipe, and the second liquid discharge pipe is provided with a second valve; and the outlet ends of the first liquid discharge pipe and the second liquid discharge pipe are connected with a total liquid discharge pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the buoy is made of transparent material.

[0010] Preferably, the lock rope assembly includes a lock rope block fixedly arranged at the intermediate position of the balance bar, a rope hole horizontally and transversely penetrating through the lock rope block, and a threaded jacking rod; the threaded jacking rod is threadedly extended into the rope hole through the top of the lock rope block to abut against the connecting rope penetrating through the rope hole, so as to limit the horizontal movement of the connecting rope.

[0011] Preferably, limiting pieces are arranged on both sides of the connecting rope penetrating through the rope hole to limit the horizontal movement of the connecting rope within a limited range.

[0012] Preferably, the end of the threaded jacking rod abutting against the connecting rope is provided with a rubber head.

[0013] Preferably, the overflow pipe is obliquely arranged, and the higher end thereof is communicated with the top of the buoy, and the lower end thereof is communicated with the top of the measuring cylinder.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that the utility model is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and not only can students personally conduct experiments to verify the buoyancy principle, but also can intuitively compare and understand the buoyancy and the volume of liquid displaced during the experiment VLiquid density p The relationship has better popularization and practical value in physical teaching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a main view structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 An enlarged schematic view of C in the middle;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a main view of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a top view of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 5 It is one of the schematic diagram of the utility model in use;

[0020] Figure 6 It is the second schematic diagram of the utility model in use;

[0021] Figure 7 It is the third schematic diagram of the utility model in use;

[0022] Figure 8 It is the fourth schematic diagram of the utility model in use;

[0023] The meaning of each mark in the above-mentioned drawing is as follows: 1-supporting plate, 2-supporting rod, 201-fixed rod, 202-movable rod, 203-locking bolt, 3-balancing rod, 4-pulley, 5-locking rope assembly, 501-locking rope block, 502-rope hole, 503-threaded ejector rod, 504-rubber head, 6-float, 601-first liquid discharge pipe, 602-first valve, 7-measuring cylinder, 701-second liquid discharge pipe, 702-second valve, 8-float ball group, 801-float ball A, 802-float ball B, 9-dynamometer, 10-overflow pipe, 11-connecting rope, 1101-limiting sheet, 12-total liquid discharge pipe, 13-saturated brine, 14-peanut oil, 15-cleaning water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical scheme of the utility model will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by the ordinary skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

[0025] In the description of the utility model, it is necessary to explain that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] The embodiment provides a physical experiment device for demonstrating and verifying the buoyancy principle, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , which comprises a support plate 1, a connecting rope 11, a floating ball group 8, two force gauges 9, a support rod 2 fixedly arranged on the support plate 1 and capable of freely rising and falling, a balance rod 3 fixedly connected with the top end of the support rod 2 and arranged horizontally, two pulleys 4 symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the balance rod 3, a rope locking assembly 5 arranged at the middle position of the balance rod 3 and used for limiting the horizontal movement of the connecting rope 11, a float 6 arranged on the support plate 1 and located directly below the corresponding pulley 4, a measuring cylinder 7 fixedly arranged on one side of the float 6, and an overflow pipe 10 communicated between the top of the float 6 and the top of the measuring cylinder; the floating ball group 8 comprises two floating balls A 801 with the same mass and volume, and a floating ball B 802 with the same mass as the floating ball A 801 but smaller volume than the floating ball A 801; the connecting rope 11 is arranged between the two pulleys 4 through the rope locking assembly 5, and the free ends of the connecting rope 11 passing through the two pulleys 4 are respectively connected with the upper ends of the two force gauges 4, and the lower ends of the force gauges 4 are connected with the floating ball A 801 or the floating ball B 802;

[0027] In the above structure, the float 6 is used for containing liquid capable of generating buoyancy, such as water and vegetable oil; the shape of the float 6 is not limited, and in the embodiment, the float 6 is a cylindrical body with an open top end; the measuring cylinder 7 is similar to a measuring tool commonly used in a laboratory for measuring the volume of liquid, and is used for directly measuring the volume of liquid overflowing from the float 6; in the floating ball group 8, the floating ball A 801 is a solid ceramic ball with a density of about 2.5 g / cm³; the floating ball B 802 is a solid iron ball with a density of about 7.8 g / cm³; under the same mass, the volume of the floating ball A 801 is about 3 times that of the floating ball B 802; the two force gauges 9 are force gauges of the same model produced by the same manufacturer, and the mass and shape difference between the two force gauges can be ignored;

[0028] The method for demonstrating or verifying the buoyancy principle by using the utility model is as follows:

[0029] Method 1, demonstrating or verifying the volume of liquid displaced by an object V The influence of buoyancy F , please refer to Figure 5and Figure 6 The specific process is as follows: Adjust the support height of the support rod 2 so that the force gauges on both sides of the balance rod are a certain distance higher than the float 6, so that floats can be suspended from the lower end of the force gauges. Float A 801 is suspended from the lower end of the force gauge on one side, and float B 802 is suspended from the lower end of the force gauge on the other side. Then adjust float A 801 and float B. The top of 802 is at the same horizontal height or the stress gauges on both sides are at the same horizontal height. Since float A and float B have the same weight, the two ends of the connecting rope 11 are balanced, and float A and float B are in a stationary state. However, in order to prevent the floats from being disturbed by the water when they are lowered into contact with the water, the connecting rope 11 needs to be fixed by the locking rope assembly 5 to limit the horizontal movement of the connecting rope 11, thereby ensuring that the floats on both sides remain relatively balanced. After that, clean water is injected into the float cylinders 6 on both sides so that the water level just reaches the inlet of the overflow pipe 10. Then, the support height of the support rod 2 is adjusted so that the floats on both sides are slowly lowered to completely submerge the floats in the water but not in contact with the inner wall of the float cylinder 6. Then the height of the support rod 2 is fixed. At this time, it will be observed that the water in the float cylinder 6 overflows into the measuring cylinder 7. At this time, the state of float A and float B in the float cylinder 6 is as follows. Figure 5 As shown; then the restriction of the locking rope assembly 5 on the connecting rope 11 is released. Since the volume of float A 801 is much larger than that of float B 802, the buoyancy force on float A 801 is greater than that on float B 802. The force balance at both ends of the connecting rope 11 is broken. At this time, by comparison, it can be intuitively observed that float A 801 will slowly rise, while float B 802 will slowly descend. At this time, the states of float A and float B inside the float 6 are as follows. Figure 6 As shown, this allows students to intuitively understand the volume of liquid displaced by an object. V buoyancy F The effect, namely the volume of liquid displaced. V The larger the volume, the greater the buoyancy. Additionally, during the experiment, the volume of water overflowing from each measuring cylinder 7 can be recorded, allowing the calculation of the water's weight based on its density. Furthermore, the change in the force gauge readings before and after the float is submerged can be recorded to calculate the buoyancy force acting on the float, thus verifying whether the buoyancy force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the float when it sinks.

[0030] Method 2: Demonstrate or verify liquid density p buoyancy F The impact, and its specific operational process are the same as Method 1, the difference being that, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 7 Floats A801 ​​are suspended from the lower ends of the force gauges on both sides of the balance bar. One float 6 is filled with saturated salt water, and the other float 6 is filled with peanut oil. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 8When the restriction of the connecting rope 11 by the locking rope assembly 5 is released, because the density of the peanut oil is 0.91 g / cm3, and the density of the saturated brine is 1.33 g / cm3, the buoyant force on the floating ball A 801 immersed in the saturated brine is greater than that on the floating ball B 802, the force balance at both ends of the connecting rope 11 is broken, at this time, it can be observed intuitively that the floating ball A 801 immersed in the saturated brine will slowly rise, while the floating ball A 801 immersed in the peanut oil will slowly descend, so that students can intuitively understand the density of liquid p The influence of buoyancy F , that is, the greater the density of liquid p , the greater the buoyant force. In addition, during the experiment, the volume of peanut oil or saturated brine overflowing in each side of the measuring cylinder 7 can be recorded, and then the weight can be calculated according to the density, and the change of the reading of the force gauge before and after the floating ball is immersed can be recorded, and then the buoyant force on the floating ball can be calculated, so as to verify whether the size of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the sinking of the floating ball.

[0031] In order to facilitate the adjustment and fixation of the height of the support rod 2, further, in a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , the support rod 2 comprises a fixed rod 201 vertically fixed on the support plate 1, a movable rod 202 inserted at the top end of the fixed support rod 201 and capable of being freely lifted up and down, and a locking bolt 203 arranged on one side of the fixed rod 201 to fix the height position of the movable rod 202; when it is necessary to adjust the height of the support plate 1, the locking bolt 203 is first loosened, then the movable rod 202 is lifted up and down to the appropriate position, and then the locking bolt 203 is tightened to tightly press the movable rod 202.

[0032] In order to facilitate the discharge of the liquid in the float 6 and the measuring cylinder 7, further, in a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , the bottom of the float 6 is provided with a first liquid discharge pipe 601, and the first liquid discharge pipe 601 is provided with a first valve 602; the bottom of the measuring cylinder 7 is provided with a second liquid discharge pipe 701, and the second liquid discharge pipe 701 is provided with a second valve 702; the outlet ends of the first liquid discharge pipe 601 and the second liquid discharge pipe 701 are connected with a total liquid discharge pipe 12.

[0033] In order to facilitate the observation of the liquid level in the float 6 and the position change of the floating ball, further, in a preferred embodiment, the float 6 is made of transparent material.

[0034] Further, in a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figures 1-4The locking rope assembly 5 comprises a locking rope block 501 fixedly arranged at the middle position of the balance lever 3, a rope hole 502 horizontally and transversely arranged through the locking rope block 501, and a threaded top rod 503; the threaded top rod 503 is threadedly extended through the top of the locking rope block 501 to the rope hole 502 to abut against the connecting rope 11 passing through the rope hole 502, thereby limiting the horizontal movement of the connecting rope 11.

[0035] Further, in a preferred embodiment, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 8 , the connecting rope 11 is provided with a limiting piece 1101 on both sides of the rope hole 502 to limit the horizontal movement of the connecting rope 11 within a limited range; when the force balance of the connecting rope 11 at both ends is broken during the experiment, the limiting of the limiting piece 1101 can prevent the connecting rope 11 from being separated from the pulley 4 under the action of tension or prevent the stress meter on the side with smaller buoyancy from falling into the liquid in the buoy.

[0036] In order to reduce the wear of the connecting rope 11 when the threaded top rod 503 abuts against the connecting rope 11, further, in a preferred embodiment, referring to Figure 2 , the threaded top rod 503 is provided with a rubber head 504 at the end abutting against the connecting rope 11.

[0037] In order to make the water in the buoy 6 more smoothly overflow into the measuring cylinder 7, further, in a preferred embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , the overflow pipe 10 is arranged obliquely, and the higher end thereof is in communication with the top of the buoy 6 and the lower end thereof is in communication with the top of the measuring cylinder 7.

Claims

1. A physical experiment device for demonstrating the principle of verification of buoyancy, characterized in that, The application relates to a force measuring device, which comprises a support plate, a connecting rope, a floating ball group, two force gauges, a support rod fixedly arranged on the support plate and capable of freely rising and falling, a balance rod fixedly connected with the top end of the support rod and arranged horizontally, two pulleys horizontally and symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the balance rod, a rope locking assembly arranged at the middle position of the balance rod and used for limiting horizontal movement of the connecting rope, a float arranged on the support plate and located directly below the corresponding pulley, a measuring cylinder fixedly arranged on one side of the float, and an overflow pipe communicated between the top of the float and the top of the measuring cylinder; the floating ball group comprises two floating balls A with the same mass and volume, and one floating ball B with the same mass as the floating ball A but smaller volume than the floating ball A; the connecting rope is arranged between the two pulleys through the rope locking assembly, and the free ends of the connecting rope passing through the two pulleys are respectively connected with the upper ends of the two force gauges, and the lower ends of the force gauges are connected with the floating ball A or the floating ball B.

2. The physical experiment device for demonstrating the principle of buoyancy verification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support rod comprises a fixed rod vertically fixed on the support plate, a movable rod capable of freely rising and falling and inserted into the top end of the fixed support rod, and locking bolts arranged on one side of the fixed rod and used for fixing the height position of the movable rod.

3. The physical experimental device for demonstrating the principle of buoyancy verification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the float is provided with a first liquid discharge pipe, and the first liquid discharge pipe is provided with a first valve; the bottom of the measuring cylinder is provided with a second liquid discharge pipe, and the second liquid discharge pipe is provided with a second valve; and the outlet ends of the first liquid discharge pipe and the second liquid discharge pipe are connected with a total liquid discharge pipe.

4. The physical experimental device for demonstrating the principle of buoyancy verification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The float is made of transparent material.

5. The physical experimental device for demonstrating the principle of buoyancy verification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rope locking assembly comprises a rope locking block fixedly arranged at the middle position of the balance rod, a rope hole horizontally and transversely arranged through the rope locking block, and a threaded lifting rod; the threaded lifting rod is threadedly extended to the rope hole through the top of the rope locking block, so as to abut against the connecting rope passing through the rope hole and limit horizontal movement of the connecting rope.

6. A physical experimental apparatus for demonstrating the principle of buoyancy as claimed in claim 5, wherein, Limiting pieces are arranged on both sides of the connecting rope passing through the rope hole.

7. A physical experimental apparatus for demonstrating the principle of buoyancy as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The end of the threaded lifting rod abutting against the connecting rope is provided with a rubber head.

8. The physical experimental device for demonstrating the principle of buoyancy verification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overflow pipe is arranged in an inclined mode, and the higher end of the overflow pipe is communicated with the top of the float, and the lower end of the overflow pipe is communicated with the top of the measuring cylinder.

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