Steering mechanism and tractor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a steering mechanism which comprises an installation frame and a direction column, a fixing support is arranged below the installation frame, the direction column penetrates through the fixing support, limiting sleeves are arranged at the positions, at the upper end and the lower end of the fixing support, of the direction column respectively for limiting, and a forward torsion spring and a reverse torsion spring are arranged on the direction column for resetting. An angle sensor is arranged at the upper end of the mounting frame, and an induction plate is correspondingly arranged at the upper end of the direction column to induce the steering angle of the direction column. According to the steering structure, the forward torsion spring and the reverse torsion spring are arranged on the steering column, the steering column can be quickly reset after being rotated and released, and meanwhile, the angle sensor and the induction plate are correspondingly arranged at the upper end of the steering column, so that the steering structure is matched with an electric control assembly of the angle sensor and the induction plate through mechanical structures such as the forward torsion spring and the reverse torsion spring; the steering angle of the steering column can be accurately fed back, the structure is simple, stability is good, and steering angle feedback is more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tractor technology, specifically relating to a steering mechanism and a tractor. Background Technology

[0002] As a core power source in mechanized agricultural production, tractors need to turn or turn around to continue working. However, due to structural limitations, tractors have a large turning radius, making turning and turning extremely inconvenient. The performance of the tractor's steering mechanism directly affects work efficiency and operational safety.

[0003] Currently, some tractors on the market utilize the differential speed principle of their two tires to achieve a small turning radius and even turn on the spot. This is achieved by having motors on both sides drive the rotation of the tires on either side. When turning is needed, one motor operates while the other stops, allowing only one tire to rotate and thus achieve steering. Similarly, when turning around, one motor rotates forward while the other rotates in reverse, allowing both tires to rotate simultaneously and achieve a turn on the spot. In these tractors, the tires do not follow the steering mechanism. The main principle is to control the operation of the two motors through the steering angle of the steering mechanism, thereby achieving steering and turning. However, this type of tractor requires high stability and precision in its steering mechanism. Currently, traditional tractor steering mechanisms mainly use mechanical steering, hydraulic power steering, and electronic control systems. However, these steering structures are expensive, complex, and have poor stability, making them prone to inaccurate steering angles. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a steering mechanism that solves the problems of high cost, poor stability, and inaccurate steering angle in existing steering structures.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A steering mechanism includes a mounting bracket and a steering column. A fixed bracket is provided below the mounting bracket, the steering column passes through the fixed bracket, and limit sleeves are respectively provided on the upper and lower ends of the fixed bracket on the steering column for limiting. A positive torsion spring and a negative torsion spring are provided on the steering column for resetting. An angle sensor is provided at the upper end of the mounting bracket, and a sensing plate is provided at the upper end of the steering column to sense the steering angle of the steering column.

[0007] By adopting the above structural design and setting forward and reverse torsion springs on the steering column, the steering column can always be kept in the center position in the free state, and there will be no problem of deviation. The steering column can be quickly reset after being released by forward and reverse rotation. At the same time, an angle sensor and a sensing plate are set on the top of the steering column. Therefore, this steering structure, through the cooperation of mechanical structures such as forward and reverse torsion springs and electronic control components such as angle sensors and sensing plates, can accurately feed back the steering column steering angle. It is not only simple in structure and has good stability, but also provides more accurate steering angle feedback.

[0008] Preferably, the upper and lower ends of the fixed bracket extend inward to form a limiting plate, the directional column passes through the limiting plate, and the limiting sleeve abuts against the limiting plate for limiting.

[0009] With the above structural design, the steering column can be limited by the cooperation of the limiting sleeve and the limiting plate, and can rotate relative to the fixed bracket.

[0010] Preferably, the positive torsion spring is sleeved on the steering column, with its upper end fixed to the steering column and its lower end having a retaining part that abuts against the fixed bracket; the negative torsion spring is located below the positive torsion spring, with its lower end fixed to the steering column and its upper free end having a retaining part that abuts against the fixed bracket.

[0011] Preferably, the positive torsion spring and the negative torsion spring are subjected to forces in opposite directions.

[0012] Preferably, the upper end of the mounting bracket is provided with a mounting plate, the steering column passes through the mounting plate, the two ends of the mounting plate are provided with angle sensors, and the sensing plate is provided with a plurality of sensing points corresponding to different steering angles of the steering column.

[0013] With the above structural design, the rotation of the steering column can be detected by the angle sensor at the sensing point corresponding to different angles, thereby accurately obtaining the angle signal of the steering column rotation.

[0014] Preferably, the lower end of the steering column is provided with a wave washer and an adjusting nut, and the upper end of the wave washer abuts against the limiting sleeve below the steering column.

[0015] With the above structural design, a wave washer and an adjusting nut are set below the lower limit sleeve. When it is necessary to adjust the rotational force of the steering column, the wave washer can be squeezed upward by rotating the adjusting nut. The wave washer pushes upward against the limit sleeve. At this time, the limit sleeve is disconnected from the steering column in advance, increasing the friction between the limit sleeve and the limit plate, thereby increasing the rotational force of the steering column. Conversely, the rotational force can be reduced.

[0016] This utility model also provides a tractor, including the aforementioned steering mechanism.

[0017] Preferably, a motor controller and a drive motor are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the tractor, and the drive motors on both sides drive the tires on both sides of the tractor to rotate. The motor controller is electrically connected to the angle sensor.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0019] 1. This utility model, through the combination of mechanical structures such as forward and reverse torsion springs and electronic control components such as angle sensors and sensing plates, can accurately feed back the steering column angle. It is not only simple in structure and has good stability, but also can control the working state of the engine through the feedback of the steering column rotation angle, thereby realizing the steering and turning commands of the tractor.

[0020] 2. This utility model achieves automatic centering by setting a positive torsion spring and a negative torsion spring on the steering column;

[0021] 3. This utility model sets a wave washer and an adjusting nut below the lower limit sleeve. The upper and lower positions of the wave washer and the limit sleeve can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting nut, thereby changing the friction between the upper end of the limit sleeve and the limit plate, and thus realizing the adjustment of the steering column steering force. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0024] In the picture:

[0025] Mounting bracket 1, steering column 2, fixed bracket 3, limit plate 3a, body 3b, mounting part 3c, limit sleeve 4, bolt 4a, forward torsion spring 5, reverse torsion spring 6, clamping part 6a, angle sensor 7, sensing plate 8, wave washer 9, adjusting nut 10, mounting plate 11. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To explain in detail the technical content, structural features, objectives and effects of this utility model, the following description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0027] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0028] Please see Figure 1 A steering mechanism includes a mounting frame 1 and a steering column 2. A fixed bracket 3 is provided below the mounting frame 1, and the steering column 2 passes through the fixed bracket 3. Limiting sleeves 4 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the steering column 2 on the fixed bracket 3 for limiting its position. A positive torsion spring 5 and a negative torsion spring 6 are provided on the steering column 2 for resetting. An angle sensor 7 is provided at the upper end of the mounting frame 1, and a sensing plate 8 is correspondingly provided at the upper end of the steering column 2 to sense the steering angle of the steering column 2. This steering mechanism can be installed on a tractor and fixedly mounted on the tractor via the mounting frame 1. Motor controllers and drive motors are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the tractor. The drive motors on both sides drive the tires on both sides of the tractor to rotate. The motor controllers are electrically connected to the angle sensors, and the motor controllers control the operation of the drive motors on both sides of the tractor based on the steering angle of the steering column 2 fed back by the angle sensors 7.

[0029] Furthermore, the fixed bracket 3 includes a body 3b, with mounting portions 3c extending upward on both sides of the body 3b and fixedly connected to the mounting frame 1. The fixed bracket 3 extends inward at the upper and lower ends of the body 3b to form limiting plates 3a. The direction column 2 passes through the limiting plate 3a and the body 3b and can rotate relative to each other. The limiting sleeve 4 provided at the upper end abuts against the limiting plate 3a for limiting and holding.

[0030] In this embodiment, the limiting sleeves 4 set at the upper and lower ends are fixed by bolts 4a passing through the limiting sleeves 4 and abutting against the direction column 2, thereby enabling the disassembly and position adjustment of the limiting sleeves 4.

[0031] The positive torsion spring 5 is sleeved on the steering column 2, with its upper end fixed to the steering column 2 and its lower end having a retaining part that abuts against the fixed bracket 3. The negative torsion spring 6 is located below the positive torsion spring 5, with its lower end fixed to the steering column 2 and its upper free end having a retaining part 6a that abuts against the fixed bracket 3. In this embodiment, the positive torsion spring 5 and the negative torsion spring 6 are subjected to opposite forces. When the steering column rotates in one direction, one torsion spring is subjected to force while the other is in a free state, thus enabling automatic reset after rotation in different directions.

[0032] The mounting bracket 1 has a mounting plate 11 at its upper end, through which the steering column 2 passes. Angle sensors 7 are located at both ends of the mounting plate 11. A sensing plate 8 has several sensing points corresponding to different steering angles of the steering column 2. Each sensing point has a corresponding groove. The angle sensor 7 is an elastic structure with its upper end in contact with the lower part of the sensing plate 8. When it rotates to a sensing point, it extends into the groove to achieve sensing. In this embodiment, four sensing points are set on the sensing plate 8. The 45° right turn sensing point corresponds to a right turn. At this time, the right drive motor of the tractor stops working, the left drive motor works, and the left tire rotates while the right tire stops, achieving a right turn in a differential state. Similarly, the 45° left turn sensing point corresponds to a left turn. At this time, the left drive motor of the tractor stops working, the right drive motor works, and the right tire rotates while the left tire stops, achieving a left turn in a differential state. The 90° left turn sensing point corresponds to a left turn. At this time, the left drive motor of the tractor reverses and the right drive motor rotates forward, achieving a left turn. The 90° right turn sensing point corresponds to a right turn. At this time, the right drive motor of the tractor reverses and the left drive motor rotates forward, achieving a right turn.

[0033] Furthermore, the lower end of the steering column 2 is provided with a wave-shaped washer 9 and an adjusting nut 10, with the upper end of the wave-shaped washer 9 abutting against the limiting sleeve 4 below the steering column 2. When it is necessary to adjust the steering force of the steering column 2, the bolt 4a fixed to the limiting sleeve 4 at the lower end of the steering column 2 is loosened in advance, and then the adjusting nut 10 is rotated to adjust the position of the wave-shaped washer 9 and the limiting sleeve 4, thereby adjusting the friction between the limiting sleeve 4 and the lower limiting plate 3a, and thus realizing the adjustment of the rotation force of the steering column 2.

[0034] This utility model also provides a tractor, including the aforementioned steering mechanism.

[0035] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0036] The steering column 2 is equipped with a steering wheel at its top. When the tractor needs to turn, the steering column 2 is rotated 45° to the left or right according to the turning direction, causing the angle sensor 7 to fall into the groove (sensing point) below the sensing plate 8. At this time, one torsion spring is stretched, while the other is in a free state. The tractor's motor controller receives the steering angle and controls the drive motors on both sides to work. When turning left, the left drive motor stops working, and the right drive motor works, causing the right tire to rotate while the left tire stops. The two tires achieve left turning under differential speed. After the turn is completed, the torsion springs automatically reset the steering column. Conversely, a right turn is achieved by rotating the steering column 2 90° to the left or right. One drive motor rotates forward, and the other drive motor rotates in reverse, thus achieving a U-turn. This invention achieves automatic reset after turning by using the forward torsion spring 5 and the reverse torsion spring 6 on the steering mechanism. In conjunction with the electronic control components of the angle sensor and sensing plate, the steering angle of the steering column 2 can be accurately fed back.

[0037] Based on the disclosure and teachings of the above specification, those skilled in the art can make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to this utility model should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model. Furthermore, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of explanation and do not constitute any limitation on this utility model. Other devices that are the same as or similar to these devices are all within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A steering mechanism characterised in that, Including installation frame (1) and direction column (2), the lower part of installation frame (1) is equipped with fixed support (3), direction column (2) passes through fixed support (3), and the upper and lower ends of direction column (2) are provided with limiting sleeve (4) for limiting respectively, and the upper part of direction column (2) is equipped with forward torsional spring (5) and reverse torsional spring (6) for resetting;The upper end of installation frame (1) is equipped with angle sensor (7), and the upper end of direction column (2) is correspondingly provided with induction plate (8) for sensing the steering angle of direction column (2).

2. A steering mechanism as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that The upper and lower ends of fixed support (3) extend inwardly to form limiting plate (3a) respectively, direction column (2) passes through limiting plate (3a), and limiting sleeve (4) is limited on limiting plate (3a).

3. A steering mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The upper end of forward torsional spring (5) is fixed on direction column (2), and the lower end is provided with clamping part for abutting against fixed support (3), reverse torsional spring (6) is located below forward torsional spring (5), the lower end of reverse torsional spring (6) is fixed on direction column (2), and the upper end of free end is provided with clamping part (6a) for abutting against fixed support (3).

4. A steering mechanism as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The stress directions of forward torsional spring (5) and reverse torsional spring (6) are opposite.

5. A steering mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The upper end of installation frame (1) is equipped with mounting plate (11), direction column (2) passes through mounting plate (11), and the two ends of mounting plate (11) are provided with angle sensor (7), and a plurality of sensing points are arranged on induction plate (8), corresponding to different steering angles of direction column (2).

6. A turning mechanism as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The lower end of direction column (2) is provided with wave washer (9) and adjusting nut (10), and the upper end of wave washer (9) abuts against limiting sleeve (4) below direction column (2).

7. A tractor characterised in that The steering mechanism of any one of claims 1-6 is included.

8. A tractor as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that, The left and right sides of the tractor are respectively provided with motor controller and drive motor, and the drive motors on both sides drive the tires on both sides of the tractor to rotate, and the motor controller is electrically connected with angle sensor (7). The steering mechanism of any one of claims 1-6 is included.

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