Tool for friction welding of transmission gear shaft of heavy-duty automobile
By designing a combined structure of disc end and shaft end fixing seat, and using a combination of chuck and jaw clamping method, the problems of insufficient clamping force, coaxiality and stability of heavy-duty vehicle gearbox gear shaft were solved, the welding quality was improved and the maintenance cost was reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520346440.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-02-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing friction welding fixtures suffer from insufficient clamping force, difficulty in ensuring coaxiality, poor clamping stability, and poor adaptability when clamping the gear shaft of a heavy-duty vehicle transmission, resulting in a decline in welding quality.
A tooling fixture including a disc end fixing seat and a shaft end fixing seat is designed. It adopts a combination structure of chuck and jaws. The gap between the chuck and the positioning mandrel assists in fixing. The workpiece is clamped by the pressure of the inclined surface of the outer shell and the jaws. The coaxial fixing and rotation of the workpiece are achieved by driving the motor and hydraulic system.
It effectively improves the clamping effect of large-diameter shafts, ensures coaxiality and stability, improves welding quality, reduces maintenance costs, and enhances the versatility of tooling.
Smart Images
Figure CN223789720U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of friction welding tooling, in particular to a tooling for friction welding of heavy-duty automobile gearbox gear shaft. BACKGROUND
[0002] The heavy-duty automobile gearbox gear shaft is a key component in the automobile transmission system, and its strength and precision directly affect the performance and service life of the gearbox. With the development of the automobile industry, especially the increasing demand for heavy-duty automobiles, the size and load requirements of the gearbox gear shaft are also continuously increasing. Friction welding, as a high-efficiency and high-quality welding technology, is widely used in the manufacturing of gear shafts. Friction welding achieves firm connection of materials by relative rotation and axial pressure of workpieces, using friction heat to make the contact surface reach a plastic state. This technology has the advantages of high welding strength, small heat-affected zone, and small welding deformation, and is particularly suitable for high-precision and high-strength gear shaft welding.
[0003] However, the existing friction welding tooling usually includes a rotating end and a top forging force end. The rotating end drives the workpiece to rotate through a motor, and the top forging force end applies axial pressure through a hydraulic system, so that the workpiece is welded under the action of friction heat. Common tooling uses an elastic collet as shown in Figure 1 However, the existing technology still has the following technical problems: (1) insufficient clamping force: the diameter of the heavy-duty automobile gearbox gear shaft is large, and the clamping force of the existing elastic collet clamping method "with the mandrel against the workpiece end face and the collet clamping the workpiece" is limited, which makes it difficult to effectively clamp large-diameter shafts, resulting in workpiece loosening during welding and affecting the welding quality. (2) Difficulty in ensuring coaxiality: the heavy-duty automobile gearbox gear shaft has very high requirements for coaxiality, and the existing tooling is difficult to ensure the coaxiality of the two workpieces when clamping large-diameter shafts, resulting in a decrease in the precision of the gear shaft after welding. (3) Poor clamping stability: the existing hydraulic clamping device has poor clamping stability when clamping large-diameter shafts, and is prone to vibration during welding, affecting the welding effect. (4) Poor adaptability: the existing tooling structure is complex and difficult to adapt to gear shafts of different diameters and lengths, resulting in poor versatility of the tooling, increasing production costs and operation difficulty.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a tooling for friction welding of heavy-duty automobile gearbox gear shafts, which has good clamping effect and is suitable for friction welding of heavy-duty automobile gearbox gear shafts, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology and effectively realizing friction welding of large-diameter shafts, which is of great significance to improving the performance of gear shafts and gearboxes. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application aims to provide a tooling for friction welding of heavy-duty automobile gearbox gear shafts to solve the technical problem of poor friction welding effect caused by poor clamping effect of the existing machine tool elastic collet on large-diameter shafts such as gearbox gear shafts.
[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a tool for friction welding of gear shaft of heavy-duty vehicle transmission, comprising a disc end fixing seat, a motor for driving the disc end fixing seat to rotate, a shaft end fixing seat and a hydraulic system for driving the shaft end fixing seat to feed, the disc end fixing seat comprising a hollow pull rod, a positioning mandrel, a chuck, a clamping jaw and an outer shell; the pull rod is fixedly connected with the output end of the motor; the fixed end of the positioning mandrel is connected inside the hollow pull rod; the fixed end of the chuck is connected outside the hollow pull rod, the clamping jaw is fixed inside the clamping end of the chuck, and a gap is provided between the inner side surface of the chuck and the outer side surface of the positioning mandrel; the outer side surface of the chuck cooperates with the inclined surface of the outer shell, and the inclined surface is trumpet-shaped from inside to outside.
[0007] The principle and advantages of the present application are as follows:
[0008] 1. Compared with the limited clamping effect of the existing elastic collet when clamping the heavy-duty vehicle transmission gear shaft, the present application designs a gap between the chuck and the positioning mandrel, which facilitates the insertion of one end of the hollow heavy-duty vehicle transmission gear shaft, assists in fixing the heavy-duty vehicle transmission gear shaft, and then pulls the hollow pull rod to make the chuck retract under the pressure of the inclined surface of the outer shell to squeeze the clamping jaw to clamp one end of the gear shaft, effectively improving the clamping effect, avoiding displacement during friction welding rotation, and effectively improving the friction welding effect.
[0009] 2. The present application combines the chuck and the clamping jaw, which facilitates the deformation of the chuck under the pressure of the inclined surface of the outer shell when the pull rod pulls the chuck to move, improves the clamping efficiency, and when the clamping jaw is damaged, it only needs to be replaced according to the need, without the need to replace the chuck together, effectively reducing the maintenance cost.
[0010] Preferably, as an improvement, a plurality of strip-shaped chuck grooves are formed in the chuck.
[0011] Technical effect: the present application adopts the above setting, the strip-shaped chuck grooves enable the chuck to move in the radial direction under the pressure of the inclined surface of the outer shell, thereby achieving clamping of the workpiece, and returning to the original position after the pressure of the inclined surface disappears, thereby achieving loosening of the workpiece.
[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the structure of the shaft end fixing seat is the same as that of the disc end fixing seat and is coaxially fixed.
[0013] Technical effect: the present application adopts the above setting, the disc end fixing seat is used to clamp and fix the first workpiece, the shaft end fixing seat is used to clamp and fix the second workpiece, and the disc end fixing seat and the shaft end fixing seat are designed to be the same and coaxially fixed, which facilitates the fixation of the two workpieces coaxially and in close proximity to each other, and facilitates the completion of friction welding.
[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the other end of the positioning mandrel is fixed with a positioning top post, and the inner side surface of the clamping jaw is connected with the positioning top post in a clearance fit.
[0015] Technical effects: the above arrangement facilitates the extension of the contact area between the positioning mandrel and the inner side surface of the workpiece, and further improves the auxiliary fixing effect of the positioning mandrel on the workpiece.
[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the number of the clamping head grooves is 3-8, and all the clamping head grooves are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the clamping head.
[0017] Technical effects: the above arrangement facilitates the balance of the overall weight when the clamping head rotates with the fixing seat, and avoids shaking during rotation.
[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, the clamping jaw comprises a plurality of clamping pieces, and all the clamping pieces are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the clamping head.
[0019] Technical effects: the above arrangement facilitates the balance of the overall weight when the clamping head rotates with the fixing seat, and avoids shaking during rotation.
[0020] Preferably, as an improvement, the number of the clamping pieces is less than or equal to the number of the clamping head grooves.
[0021] Technical effects: the above arrangement facilitates the balance of the overall weight when the clamping head rotates with the fixing seat, and avoids shaking during rotation.
[0022] Preferably, as an improvement, the inner circular surface of the clamping end of the clamping head is recessed and provided with a ring platform, a plurality of fixing holes are arranged on the ring platform, the outer circular surface of the clamping jaw is extended and provided with a fixing platform, a plurality of mounting holes are arranged on the fixing platform corresponding to the fixing holes, and at least two mounting holes are arranged on each clamping piece.
[0023] Technical effects: the above arrangement facilitates the fixing of each clamping piece at the ring platform of the clamping head, so as to fix the clamping jaw on the clamping head.
[0024] Preferably, as an improvement, the outer circular surface of the clamping end of the clamping head is provided with a connecting hole.
[0025] Technical effects: the above arrangement facilitates the further fixing of the clamping head. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of an existing elastic cylinder clamp for friction welding.
[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic view of a tool for friction welding of a heavy-duty automobile transmission gear shaft in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
[0028] Figure 3 It is a front view of the clamping head in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
[0029] Figure 4 It is aFigure 3 Sectional view of AA.
[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial top view along the M-axis.
[0031] Figure 6 This is a front view of the gripper in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 6 BB section view.
[0033] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial top view along the K-axis. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:
[0035] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: hollow tie rod 1, positioning mandrel 2, positioning top post 21, chuck 3, chuck groove 31, ring platform 32, fixing hole 33, connecting hole 34, gripper 4, fixing platform 41, mounting hole 42, clamping piece 43, mating hole 44, outer shell 5, inclined surface 51, first workpiece 6, second workpiece 7, first gap 8, second gap 9.
[0036] Example 1
[0037] This solution provides a tooling for friction welding of gear shafts in heavy-duty vehicle transmissions, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown: This includes a disc-end fixing seat, a motor (not shown) that drives the disc-end fixing seat to rotate, a shaft-end fixing seat, and a hydraulic system (not shown) that drives the shaft-end fixing seat to feed. The shaft-end fixing seat has the same structure as the disc-end fixing seat and is coaxially fixed, which facilitates the coaxial fixing and close-range facing of the two workpieces to be welded, thus facilitating friction welding. Specifically, the disc-end fixing seat is used to clamp and fix the first workpiece 6 (also called the disc end), and the shaft-end fixing seat is used to clamp the second workpiece 7 (also called the shaft end).
[0038] The disk-end fixing seat includes a hollow pull rod 1, a positioning mandrel 2, a chuck 3, grippers 4, and a housing 5. The hollow pull rod 1 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. Specifically, a rotating disk is provided outside the hollow pull rod 1, and the two ends of the rotating disk are welded to the housing 5 and the output end of the motor, respectively. A hydraulic cylinder is installed inside the rotating disk. One end of the pull rod is the piston inside the hydraulic cylinder, and the other end extends out of the hydraulic cylinder to fix the positioning mandrel 2 and the chuck 3. The hydraulic cylinder is in the shaft-end fixing seat, and the pull rod is welded to the output end of the hydraulic system. The hydraulic system drives the shaft-end fixing seat to move the second workpiece 7 forward until the second workpiece 7 abuts against the first workpiece 6 to form an upsetting force.
[0039] The fixed end of the positioning mandrel 2 is threadedly connected inside the hollow pull rod 1, the fixed end of the collet 3 is threadedly connected outside the hollow pull rod 1, and the inner side surface of the collet 3 and the outer side surface of the positioning mandrel 2 are provided with a first gap 8. The outer side surface of the collet 3 cooperates with the inclined surface 51 of the housing 5, and the inclined surface 51 is trumpet-shaped from inside to outside.
[0040] As shown in Figures 3 to 5 , a plurality of strip-shaped collet grooves 31 are formed in the middle of the collet 3, the number of the collet grooves 31 is 3-8, and all the collet grooves 31 are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the collet 3. The clamping end of the collet 3 is internally fixed with a clamping jaw, as a reference, the outer cylindrical surface of the clamping end of the collet 3 is provided with a connecting hole 34, which is convenient for auxiliary fixing of the collet 3. The inner cylindrical surface of the clamping end of the collet 3 is internally recessed to form a ring table 32, and a plurality of fixed holes 33 are formed on the ring table 32. The outer cylindrical surface of the clamping jaw 4 is externally extended to form a fixed table 41, and a plurality of mounting holes 42 are formed on the fixed table 41 corresponding to the fixed holes 33. Figures 6 to 8 As shown in Figures 6 to 8 , the clamping jaw 4 comprises a plurality of clamping pieces 43, all the clamping pieces 43 are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the collet 3, and the number of the clamping pieces 43 is less than or equal to the number of the collet grooves 31. As a reference, the number of the clamping pieces 43 and the number of the collet grooves 31 in the embodiment are both 8, and the clamping pieces 43 and the collet grooves 31 are staggered in space. At least two mounting holes 42 are formed on each clamping piece 43, and the clamping piece 43 can be mounted and fixed on the ring table 32 of the inner cylindrical surface of the collet 3 by using a screw. A plurality of cooperating holes 44 are further formed on the end of the clamping piece 43 close to the positioning mandrel 2, and the cooperating holes 44 are arranged along the axial direction of the clamping piece 43, which are used for locking and fixing the clamping piece 43 and other cooperating pieces by using a screw.
[0041] In other embodiments, the other end of the positioning mandrel 2 is fixed with a positioning top column, and the inner side surface of the clamping jaw 4 and the positioning top column have a second gap 9. After the workpiece is sequentially inserted into the second gap 9 and the first gap 8 for preliminary fixing, the pull rod drives the collet 3 to retract inward, and the inclined surface 51 of the housing 5 extrudes the collet 3 and the clamping jaw 4 to clamp the workpiece, thereby realizing the fixing of the workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0043] As shown in Figure 2 , the disc end fixed seat and the shaft end fixed seat are sequentially installed, the disc end fixed seat is used to clamp and fix the first workpiece 6, and the shaft end fixed seat is used to clamp and fix the second workpiece 7. The process is as follows: first, the oil cylinder is driven to push the pull rod to move outward, and the collet 3 and the clamping jaw 4 are loosened, then one end of the first workpiece 6 is inserted into the gap, and the one end of the first workpiece 6 is sleeved on the positioning mandrel 2. Subsequently, the pull rod drives the collet 3 to retract inward, and in the process, the inclined surface 51 of the housing 5 extrudes the collet 3 and transmits it to the clamping jaw 4, so that the clamping pieces 43 clamp the workpiece inward, thereby realizing the clamping and fixing of the workpiece. The second workpiece 7 is clamped and fixed on the shaft end fixed seat in the same way.
[0044] The motor and hydraulic system are restarted to drive the first workpiece 6 to rotate and the second workpiece 7 to feed, respectively, and the friction welding of the first workpiece 6 and the second workpiece 7 is completed. Then, the oil cylinder pushes the pull rod to move outward, so that the first workpiece 6 and the second workpiece 7 are loosened, and the welded product is removed.
[0045] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and the specific technical solutions and / or common knowledge of the scheme are not described in detail. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solutions of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application, and these will not affect the effect and practicality of the present application. The protection scope claimed in the present application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.
Claims
1. A tool for friction welding of heavy-duty automobile gearbox gear shaft, comprising a disc end fixed seat, a motor driving the rotation of the disc end fixed seat, a shaft end fixed seat and a hydraulic system driving the feeding of the shaft end fixed seat, characterized in that: The disc end fixing base comprises a hollow pull rod, a positioning core shaft, a chuck, a clamping jaw and a shell; the pull rod is fixedly connected with the output end of the motor; the fixed end of the positioning core shaft is connected inside the hollow pull rod; the fixed end of the chuck is connected outside the hollow pull rod, the clamping jaw is fixed inside the clamping end of the chuck, a gap is arranged between the inner side surface of the chuck and the outer side surface of the positioning core shaft; the outer side surface of the chuck is matched with the inclined surface of the shell, and the inclined surface is trumpet-shaped from inside to outside.
2. A tool for friction welding of heavy duty vehicle gearbox gear shafts as claimed in claim 1 wherein: A plurality of strip-shaped chuck grooves are formed in the middle of the chuck.
3. A tool for friction welding of heavy duty vehicle gearbox gear shafts as claimed in claim 2 wherein: The structure of the shaft end fixing base is the same as that of the disc end fixing base and is coaxially fixed.
4. A tool for friction welding of heavy duty vehicle gearbox gear shafts as claimed in claim 3 wherein: The other end of the positioning core shaft is fixed with a positioning top pillar, and the inner side surface of the clamping jaw is gap-connected with the positioning top pillar.
5. A tool for friction welding of heavy duty vehicle gearbox gear shafts as claimed in claim 2 wherein: The number of the chuck grooves is 3-8, and all the chuck grooves are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the chuck.
6. A tool for friction welding of heavy duty vehicle gearbox gear shafts as claimed in claim 5 wherein: The clamping jaw comprises a plurality of clamping pieces, and all the clamping pieces are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the chuck.
7. A tool for friction welding of heavy duty vehicle gearbox gear shafts as claimed in claim 6 wherein: The number of the clamping pieces is less than or equal to the number of the chuck grooves.
8. A tool for friction welding of heavy duty vehicle gearbox gear shafts as claimed in claim 7 wherein: The inner circular surface of the clamping end of the chuck is inwardly recessed with a ring platform, a plurality of fixing holes are arranged on the ring platform, the outer circular surface of the clamping jaw is outwardly extended with a fixing platform, a plurality of mounting holes are arranged on the fixing platform corresponding to the fixing holes, and at least two mounting holes are arranged on each clamping piece.
9. A tool for friction welding of heavy duty vehicle gearbox gear shafts as claimed in claim 8 wherein: The outer circular surface of the clamping end of the chuck is provided with a connecting hole.