Extraction device for plant extracellular vesicles

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of biological medicine, and relates to a plant extracellular vesicle extraction device which comprises a filter tank body, at least two layers of filtering structures and a suction filtration device. At least two layers of filtering structures are arranged in a sealable filter tank body, an extraction opening corresponding to each layer of filtering structure is formed in the filter tank body, and a suction filtration device is used for extracting air from the extraction openings, so that negative pressure is formed in the lower layer of each layer of filtering structure in the filter tank body relative to the upper layer, and suction filtration of plant juice is realized. The apertures of the filtering holes of the filtering structure are sequentially reduced, so that the effective part containing the plant exosome is gradually filtered out from the raw material plant juice, the plant juice can be efficiently purified on a large scale, the operation steps are simple, the cost is low, meanwhile, it is guaranteed that the extracellular vesicles are enriched from the plant extracting solution, and the yield of the extracellular vesicles is increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biological medicine, in particular to a plant extracellular vesicle extraction device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Extracellular vesicles are a new type of nanocarriers with phospholipid bilayer membrane structure secreted by cells into the extracellular space, have good biocompatibility, can pass through various biological barriers, easily fuse with cell membranes, and deliver contents (such as proteins, lipids, metabolites, DNA and RNA) to recipient cells through surface molecules or endocytosis pathways, thereby achieving cell regeneration and repair, and playing an important role in the treatment of diseases such as immune regulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor.

[0003] In recent years, researchers have paid extensive attention to the enrichment of extracellular vesicles from natural plants with medicinal and edible properties. Studies have shown that extracellular vesicles from Chinese herbal medicine plants have more outstanding biological activity than ordinary plants.

[0004] At present, plant extracellular vesicles are generally obtained by purifying the juice obtained by processing the root, stem and leaf parts of plants. The purification methods mainly include gradient centrifugation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. However, these purification methods have their own advantages and limitations, and one or more of the problems such as complicated operation steps, long time consumption, complex structure, high cost of instruments and consumables, etc. It is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the problem of difficult purification of plant extracellular vesicles in the background art, the present application provides a plant extracellular vesicle extraction device.

[0006] The present application provides a plant extracellular vesicle extraction device, comprising:

[0007] The filter tank body has an accommodation space for installing the filter structure in the inside, the filter tank body has an adding slot for putting raw materials at the upper end, and has a discharge port for discharging the extract at the lower end;

[0008] At least two layers of filter structures are arranged from top to bottom in the accommodation space, and the pore size of the filter holes of the filter structure located below is smaller than that of the filter structure located above between any two layers of filter structures;

[0009] The filtration device comprises a filter tank body, a filter structure and a filter structure.

[0010] The accommodating space is divided into multiple layers corresponding to the filter structure, and each layer is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by the filter structure. The filter can body is provided with an air extraction port corresponding to the lower layer of each layer of the accommodating space. The air extraction device is connected to each air extraction port of the filter can body through an air extraction pipeline.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the filter structure comprises:

[0012] A connecting body, the outer side of which is sealingly connected to the inner wall of the filter can body, and the inner side of which is provided with a filter screen mounting groove;

[0013] A filter element is clamped in the filter screen mounting groove, and the filter element is provided with the filter holes.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the filter structure has four layers, and the layers are sequentially a first filter structure, a second filter structure, a third filter structure and a fourth filter structure from top to bottom. The filter element of the first filter structure is a filter screen, and the filter elements of the second filter structure, the third filter structure and the fourth filter structure are filter membranes.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the filter holes of the first filter structure have a pore size of 800 mesh, the filter holes of the second filter structure have a pore size of 800 nm, the filter holes of the third filter structure have a pore size of 450 nm, and the filter holes of the fourth filter structure have a pore size of 220 nm.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the air extraction device comprises:

[0017] An air extractor;

[0018] A main air extraction rubber tube;

[0019] Branch air extraction rubber tubes arranged corresponding to the air extraction ports;

[0020] A branch joint connected to the air extractor through the main air extraction rubber tube and connected to the air extraction ports through the branch air extraction rubber tubes.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the diameter of the branch air extraction rubber tube connected to the lower layer of the accommodating space is greater than the diameter of the branch air extraction rubber tube connected to the upper layer of the accommodating space.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device further comprises a stirrer, the stirrer comprises a stirring head arranged corresponding to the number of layers of the filter structure, and the stirring head is configured to stir the contents in the filter structure at the corresponding position.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device further comprises a sealing cover covering the addition groove.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the sealing cover is internally hollow, and a motor is installed therein; the stirrer comprises a driven shaft, and a plurality of the stirring heads are arranged along the axial direction of the driven shaft; and the driving shaft of the motor is connected to the driven shaft through a spline.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the side wall of the filter tank body is threadedly connected with a fastening screw, and the side wall of any of the filter structures is provided with a clamping portion for clamping the fastening screw; when the fastening screw clamps the clamping portion, the corresponding filter structure is limited in axial movement of the filter tank body.

[0026] The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device provided by the embodiments of the present application can realize the suction filtration of plant juice by arranging at least two layers of filter structures in a filter tank body which can be closed, and setting an air suction port corresponding to each layer of filter structures in the filter tank body, and using a suction filtration device to suck air from the air suction port to form a negative pressure of the lower layer relative to the upper layer of each layer of filter structures in the filter tank body. The filter holes of the filter structures have a pore size decreasing in sequence, so that the effective part containing plant exosomes is gradually filtered out from the raw plant juice, and the plant juice can be efficiently and large-scale purified, and the operation steps are simple, the cost is low, and the enrichment of extracellular vesicles from plant extraction liquid is ensured, and the yield of extracellular vesicles is improved.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings illustrated herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their description serve to explain the present application. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the structural schematic diagram;

[0030] Figure 2 The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the structural schematic diagram A;

[0031] Figure 3 The stirrer transmission structure provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram;

[0032] Figure 4 The connector structure provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram.

[0033] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0034] 1. Sealing cap;

[0035] 2. First filter structure;

[0036] 3. Second filtration structure; 31. Connector; 311. Filter screen mounting groove; 32. Filter element;

[0037] 4. Third filtration structure;

[0038] 5. Fourth filtration structure;

[0039] 6. Filter tank; 61. Discharge port; 62. Air extraction port;

[0040] 7. Add slots;

[0041] 8. Stirring device; 81. Stirring head; 82. Driven shaft;

[0042] 9. Filtration device; 91. Air extractor; 92. Main air extraction hose; 93. Branch air extraction hose; 94. Branch connector;

[0043] 101. Drive shaft;

[0044] 110. Fastening screws;

[0045] 120. Tightening part;

[0046] 130. Sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0048] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of this application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this application can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, to avoid confusion with this application, some technical features well-known in the art have not been described; that is, not all features of actual embodiments are described herein, nor are well-known functions and structures described in detail.

[0049] Spatial relation terms such as “below,” “under,” “below,” “under,” “above,” “above,” etc., are used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship between one component or feature shown in the figure and other components or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial relation terms are intended to also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, then the component or feature described as “below,” “under,” or “below” other components or features will be oriented “above” other components or features. Therefore, the exemplary terms “below” and “under” can include both above and below orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or otherwise), and the spatial descriptive terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0050] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. When used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “including,” when used in this specification, identify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups. When used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0051] To fully understand this application, detailed steps and structures will be presented in the following description to illustrate the technical solution of this application. Preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail below; however, in addition to these detailed descriptions, this application may have other implementation methods.

[0052] This embodiment provides a device for extracting plant extracellular vesicles, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a filter tank 6, at least two layers of filter structure and a vacuum filtration device 9.

[0053] The filter tank 6 has an internal space for installing filter structures. The upper end of the filter tank 6 has an addition slot 7 for raw materials, and the lower end has an outlet 61 for extracting the extract. At least two layers of filter structures are arranged from top to bottom within the space. Between any two layers, the pore size of the lower layer is smaller than that of the upper layer. The space is divided into multiple layers corresponding to the filter structures. Each layer of the space is divided into a lower and upper layer by the filter structure. An air extraction port 62 is located on the side wall of the filter tank 6 at the lower position of any given layer. A filtration device 9 is connected to each air extraction port 62 on the filter tank 6 via an air extraction pipe.

[0054] The filter tank 6 provides space to accommodate the filter structure and facilitates its internal arrangement. The upper part of the filter tank 6 is used to place the plant juice raw material, which can then be sealed after placement. The suction filtration device 9 is an existing device that evacuates air from the connected container, creating a negative or relatively negative pressure at the evacuation point inside. The suction filtration device 9 can simultaneously evacuate air from multiple suction ports 62 connected to the suction pipe, thus creating negative pressure at multiple lower layers within the accommodating space.

[0055] The operating steps and principle of the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device in this embodiment are as follows:

[0056] 1. Open the filter tank 6, add the plant juice raw material from the addition slot 7 of the filter tank 6, and seal the filter tank 6 after the raw material is added; connect the air extraction pipe to each air extraction port 62;

[0057] 2. Start the suction filtration device 9, allowing the plant juice raw material at the top of the filter tank 6 to flow layer by layer from the upper filtration structure to the lower filtration structure, gradually filtering out the plant juice raw material, ultimately obtaining extracellular vesicles at the bottom of the filter tank 6. During the filtration process, because the pore size of the lower layer of the filtration structure is smaller than that of the upper layer, the filtration structure first initially filters out large particles from the original material, and finally filters out extracellular vesicles. This multi-layer, gradient filtration structure can improve filtration efficiency and is beneficial to increasing product yield.

[0058] The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device of this embodiment has a reasonable structure and is simple to operate. It facilitates rapid purification of plant extracellular vesicles, greatly improving user efficiency. It eliminates the need for purification of plant extracts using methods such as gradient centrifugation, saving time and costs. Plant extracellular vesicles can be enriched simply through gradient filtration. To obtain plant exosomes with higher purity, subsequent ultracentrifugation can be used to enrich exosomes from the filtrate after gradient filtration.

[0059] The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device provided in this application embodiment arranges at least two layers of filtration structure in a sealable filter tank 6, and sets an air extraction port 62 corresponding to each layer of filtration structure in the filter tank 6. An air extraction device 9 is used to extract air from the air extraction ports 62, creating a negative pressure between the lower layer and the upper layer of each filtration structure in the filter tank 6, thereby achieving the filtration of plant juice. The pore size of the filtration structure decreases sequentially, allowing the effective portion containing plant exosomes to be gradually filtered out from the raw plant juice. This enables efficient and large-scale purification of plant juice, with simple operation steps, low cost, and ensures the enrichment of extracellular vesicles from the plant extract, increasing the yield of extracellular vesicles.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device of this embodiment, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the filter structure includes a connector 31 and a filter element 32. The outer side of the connector 31 is sealed to the inner wall of the filter tank 6, and the inner side of the connector 31 has a filter screen mounting groove 311. The filter element 32 is engaged within the filter screen mounting groove 311 and has filter holes. In this embodiment, the outer side of the connector 31 is sealed to the inner wall of the filter tank 6, ensuring that air from the upper layer does not leak down the inner wall of the filter tank 6 to the lower layer, thus ensuring the filtration effect. The filter screen mounting groove 311 facilitates the installation and removal of the filter element 32.

[0061] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the way to achieve a sealed connection between the outer side of the connector 31 and the inner wall of the filter tank 6 is as follows: a sealing ring 130 is fitted on the outer side of the connector 31, the inner side of the sealing ring 130 abuts against the edge of the connector 31, and the outer side of the sealing ring 130 abuts against the inner wall of the filter tank 6.

[0062] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the side wall of the filter tank 6 is threaded with a fastening screw 110, and each filter structure has a tightening part 120 on its side wall for the fastening screw 110 to tighten; when the fastening screw 110 tightens the tightening part 120, the movement of the corresponding filter structure along the axial direction of the filter tank 6 is restricted.

[0063] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device of this embodiment has a filtration structure with four layers, from top to bottom: a first filtration structure 2, a second filtration structure 3, a third filtration structure 4, and a fourth filtration structure 5. The filter element 32 of the first filtration structure 2 is a filter screen, while the filter elements 32 of the second filtration structure 3, the third filtration structure 4, and the fourth filtration structure 5 are filter membranes. In this embodiment, the filter screen is used to filter out large solid particles, and the filter membrane is used to gradually filter to obtain microvesicle filtrate, thus accelerating the filtration efficiency through a step-by-step filtration method.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device of this embodiment has a filter structure 2 with a pore size of 800 mesh, a filter structure 3 with a pore size of 800 nm, a filter structure 4 with a pore size of 450 nm, and a filter structure 5 with a pore size of 220 nm. The first filter structure 2 can filter large solid particles larger than 19 μm from plant sap; the second filter structure 3 can collect plant filtrate containing particles smaller than 19 μm; the third filter structure 4 can collect filtrate containing particles smaller than 800 nm; and the fourth filter structure 5 can collect microvesicle filtrate smaller than 450 nm. The fourth filter structure 5 is located above the bottom outlet 61 of the filter tank 6, and the bottom of the filter tank 6 is under negative pressure, which efficiently produces cell microvesicle filtrate.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device of this embodiment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the filtration device 9 includes: a vacuum pump 91, a main vacuum hose 92, a branch vacuum hose 93, and a branch connector 94. The main vacuum hose 92 is arranged corresponding to the vacuum port 62; the branch connector 94 is connected to the vacuum pump 91 through the main vacuum hose 92, and the branch connector 94 is connected to the vacuum port 62 through the branch vacuum hose 93.

[0066] In this structure, the vacuum pump 91 is the power source for vacuuming, the main vacuum hose 92 serves as the main line for vacuuming, and the branch vacuum hoses 93 serve as branch lines for vacuuming. The branch connector 94 connects the branch lines to the main line to allow simultaneous vacuuming from multiple vacuum ports 62. This structure enables simultaneous vacuuming from multiple vacuum ports 62. Furthermore, several branch vacuum hoses 93 can be connected to the branch connector 94 as needed. When any branch vacuum hose 93 connected to the branch connector 94 is not required, it can be individually closed using a spring clip.

[0067] In an optional embodiment, the diameter of the branch suction hose 93 connecting the lower receiving space to the adjacent receiving space is larger than the diameter of the branch suction hose 93 connecting the upper receiving space. In this embodiment, when the filtration device 9 is activated, the air pressure in the filter tank 6 can be made to decrease from top to bottom, promoting the extraction of extract layer by layer.

[0068] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device also includes a sealing cap 1, which covers the addition tank 7. The sealing cap 1 facilitates the opening or sealing of the filter tank 6, allowing the operator to add raw materials to the filter tank 6 or seal the tank.

[0069] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3As shown, Figure 1 As shown, the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device also includes a stirrer 8, which includes stirring heads 81 arranged according to the number of filter structure layers. The stirring heads 81 are configured to stir the contents in the filter structure at the corresponding positions. In this embodiment, the function of the stirring heads 81 is to stir the contents in each layer of the filter structure, pushing the particles in the upper layer of the filter structure to move and prevent clogging of the filter pores. Figure 1 As shown, for example, the filter structure in this embodiment has four layers, and four corresponding stirring heads 81 are also provided to stir the contents in each filter structure, thereby improving the filtration efficiency. The stirring head 8 can rotate at a constant speed or intermittently.

[0070] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the interior of the sealing cap 1 is hollow and houses a motor; the stirrer 8 includes a driven shaft 82, and several stirring heads 81 are arranged axially along the driven shaft 82; the motor's drive shaft 101 is connected to the driven shaft 82 via a spline. Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, when the sealing cap 1 is placed on the adding groove 7 and the opening of the adding groove 7 is closed, the drive shaft 101 is connected to the driven shaft 82 through a spline. In this way, the torque of the motor is transmitted to the driven shaft 82, and the driven shaft 82 can rotate under the drive, driving the stirring head 81 on it to stir the contents in the filter structure.

[0071] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the connecting body 31 of the filter structure has a through hole at its center for the driven shaft 82 to pass through. Understandably, a sealing ring is also required at this through hole for sealing.

[0072] In an optional embodiment, the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device of this embodiment further includes a valve installed at the lower end of the filter tank 6 to control the opening or closing of the outlet 61. The valve facilitates maintaining a sealed environment in the filter tank 6 during the filtration process, and the valve can be opened at any time after filtration to discharge the obtained product.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This embodiment uses the extraction of cellular microvesicles from ginseng as an example to illustrate the operation steps of the plant extracellular vesicle extraction device in this embodiment as follows:

[0075] 1. Open the sealing cap 1 and add the ginseng extract obtained after grinding into the addition tank 7;

[0076] 2. Close the sealing cover 1, and use the branch suction hose 93 to connect the suction port 62 to the suction filter 9;

[0077] 3. Turn on the power to the motor and the power to the filtration device 9. The stirrer 8 will start to rotate at a constant speed, and the environment inside the filter tank 6 will be under negative pressure.

[0078] 4. Under negative pressure, the ginseng extract drips sequentially from the upper filtration structure to the lower filtration structure; large solid particles or large-diameter vesicles remain in the upper layer of the filtration structure, and the stirrer 8 rotates at a uniform speed to drive the particles to accelerate the filtration of the extract.

[0079] 5. After passing through filter screens and membranes of different pore sizes, the ginseng extract accumulates at the bottom of the filter tank 6;

[0080] 6. Open the bottom valve to collect the filtrate, which is the ginseng cell microvesicle;

[0081] 7. Add an appropriate amount of phosphate buffer to addition tank 7, and repeat the above steps to collect more filtrate and reduce loss;

[0082] 8. After the experiment, disconnect the rubber tubing connected to the filtration device 9, turn off the power supply to the filtration device 9 and the motor, and clean the filter screen and filter membrane.

[0083] It should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not applicable to all possible implementations. Various modifications and changes can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Similarly, the various technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined to form other embodiments of this application that may not be explicitly described. Therefore, the above embodiments only illustrate several implementations of this application and do not limit the scope of protection of this patent application.

Claims

1. A device for extracting plant extracellular vesicles, characterized in that, include: The filter tank (6) has an internal space for installing the filter structure. The upper end of the filter tank (6) has an addition slot (7) for putting in raw materials, and the lower end has an outlet (61) for discharging the extract. At least two filter structures are arranged from top to bottom in the receiving space, and between any two filter structures, the pore size of the filter structure located below is smaller than the pore size of the filter structure located above. Filtering device (9); The containment space is divided into multiple layers corresponding to the filter structure. Each layer of the containment space is divided into a lower layer and an upper layer with the filter structure as the boundary. The side wall of the filter tank (6) is provided with an air extraction port (62) corresponding to the lower layer of any layer of the containment space. The air extraction device (9) is connected to each air extraction port (62) on the filter tank (6) through an air extraction pipe.

2. The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtering structure includes: A connector (31) is provided, the outer side of which is sealed to the inner wall of the filter tank (6), and the inner side of the connector (31) has a filter screen mounting groove (311). The filter element (32) is engaged in the filter screen mounting groove (311), and the filter element (32) has the filter holes.

3. The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filter structure has four layers, from top to bottom: a first filter structure (2), a second filter structure (3), a third filter structure (4), and a fourth filter structure (5). The filter element (32) of the first filter structure (2) is a filter screen, and the filter element (32) of the second filter structure (3), the third filter structure (4), and the fourth filter structure (5) is a filter membrane.

4. The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filter pore diameter of the first filter structure (2) is 800 mesh, the filter pore diameter of the second filter structure (3) is 800 nm, the filter pore diameter of the third filter structure (4) is 450 nm, and the filter pore diameter of the fourth filter structure (5) is 220 nm.

5. The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtration device (9) includes: Air extraction machine (91); Main suction hose (92); Branch suction hose (93) is arranged corresponding to the suction port (62); Branch connector (94), which is connected to the air pump (91) via the main air extraction hose (92), and the branch connector (94) is connected to the air extraction port (62) via the branch air extraction hose (93).

6. The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Between two adjacent containment spaces, the diameter of the branch suction hose (93) connected to the lower containment space is larger than the diameter of the branch suction hose (93) connected to the upper containment space.

7. The apparatus for extracting plant extracellular vesicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device further includes a stirrer (8), which includes a stirring head (81) arranged according to the number of filter structure layers. The stirring head (81) is configured to stir the contents in the filter structure at the corresponding position.

8. The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The plant extracellular vesicle extraction device further includes a sealing cap (1) that covers the addition groove (7).

9. The apparatus for extracting plant extracellular vesicles according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sealing cover (1) is hollow inside and a motor is installed thereon; the stirrer (8) includes a driven shaft (82) and a plurality of stirring heads (81) are arranged along the axial direction of the driven shaft (82); the drive shaft (101) of the motor is connected to the driven shaft (82) by a spline.

10. The apparatus for extracting plant extracellular vesicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the filter tank (6) is threaded with a fastening screw (110), and each of the filter structures has a tightening part (120) for the fastening screw (110) to tighten; when the fastening screw (110) tightens the tightening part (120), the movement of the corresponding filter structure along the axial direction of the filter tank (6) is restricted.

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