Integrated electrode and flow battery

Abstract

The utility model discloses an integrated electrode and a flow battery, the integrated electrode comprises a flow guide substrate and a reaction active electrode material wrapping the outer surface of the flow guide substrate, the reaction active electrode material is a flexible structure, the flow guide substrate comprises concave areas and convex areas which are alternately arranged, and the concave areas and the convex areas are arranged on the outer surface of the flow guide substrate. The inner side of the concave area and the back side of the convex area form an electrolyte flow channel, the electrolyte flow channel is provided with an electrolyte inlet and an electrolyte outlet which are exposed to the outer side of the reactive active electrode material, and the flow channel wall of the electrolyte flow channel is provided with a flow guide hole for guiding the electrolyte towards the reactive active electrode material; and the reaction active electrode material and the diversion substrate are relatively fixed to form an integrated structure of electrolyte circulation and electrochemical reaction. According to the scheme, efficient flowing of the electrolyte is guaranteed, a stable reaction interface is provided, concentration polarization is reduced, the battery efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the flow guide substrate is convenient to grab by a mechanical clamping jaw, and full-automatic stack assembly is supported.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of flow battery technology, and more particularly to an integrated electrode. This application also relates to a flow battery. Background Technology

[0002] Flow batteries are a type of electrochemical energy storage device that stores and releases energy through the flow of an electrolyte. Their core characteristic is the separation of the electrolyte from the electrodes; the electrolyte is stored in an external tank and circulated to the battery stack via a pump for reaction. Flow batteries are mainly classified according to the active material (redox couple) used in the electrolyte, with vanadium redox flow batteries, zinc-bromine flow batteries, iron-chromium flow batteries, and organic flow batteries being the most common types.

[0003] Taking the vanadium redox flow battery (vanadium redox flow battery) as an example, it is a battery technology that stores and releases energy based on the redox reaction of vanadium, and is widely used in large-scale energy storage systems. Electrodes are a crucial component of vanadium redox flow batteries, providing the reaction site for the redox reaction of the electrolyte. Electrode materials typically need to possess characteristics such as high surface area, suitable porosity, low electronic resistance, and high electrochemical activity. vanadium redox flow batteries generally use graphite felt as the battery electrode. During the stack assembly process, the graphite felt is compressed to a certain extent, corresponding to a compression ratio coefficient. The compression ratio coefficient should be designed according to the battery's operating conditions. If the graphite felt is insufficiently compressed, it will affect the reaction rate and mass transfer rate of the electrolyte; while excessive compression will increase the flow resistance of the electrode, hindering the flow of the electrolyte and preventing the decoupling of contact resistance and flow resistance. During stack assembly, due to limitations in assembly precision, it is impossible to guarantee that the compression ratio will completely meet the requirements, thus failing to ensure the uniformity of the electrolyte within the electrode, increasing the concentration polarization resistance of the battery, and reducing the battery's operating efficiency and stability. Furthermore, because graphite felt is a flexible and elastic material, it is not easily gripped by mechanical grippers, making it difficult to achieve fully automated assembly of fuel cell stacks.

[0004] Traditional integrated electrodes are produced by modifying existing electrode materials, directly introducing functional carbon materials with microporous structures in situ. However, this method is costly. Chinese invention patent application CN202310610880.3 proposes an integrated electrode for flow batteries. This electrode reduces manufacturing complexity and saves significant costs by employing hot-pressing, coating, and extrusion processes, using conductive supports to strengthen the electrode plates, and an innovative groove design. However, it still fails to solve problems such as the mutual constraints between contact resistance and flow resistance, and electrolyte inhomogeneity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel integrated electrode to meet engineering requirements. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides an integrated electrode to improve or solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0007] An integrated electrode includes a current-guiding substrate and a reactive electrode material wrapped around the outer surface of the current-guiding substrate. The reactive electrode material is a flexible structure. The current-guiding substrate includes alternating concave and convex regions. An electrolyte flow channel is formed on the inner side of the concave region and the back side of the convex region. The electrolyte flow channel has an electrolyte inlet and an electrolyte outlet exposed on the outside of the reactive electrode material. The flow channel wall is provided with a flow-guiding hole for guiding the electrolyte toward the reactive electrode material. The reactive electrode material is relatively fixed to the current-guiding substrate, forming an integrated structure for electrolyte flow and electrochemical reaction.

[0008] In this technical solution, the integration of the electrolyte flow path and electrochemical reaction is achieved through the combination of a current-guiding substrate and a flexible reactive electrode material. The electrolyte flow channels formed by the concave and convex regions of the current-guiding substrate, combined with the flow-guiding holes, uniformly guide the electrolyte to the surface of the electrode material. Regardless of external pressure on the electrode material to reduce contact resistance, the flow resistance remains unchanged, solving the problem of mutual constraint between flow resistance and contact resistance in traditional electrodes. After the flexible electrode material is fixed to the current-guiding substrate, it ensures efficient electrolyte flow and provides a stable reaction interface, reducing concentration polarization and improving battery efficiency. Simultaneously, the current-guiding substrate facilitates mechanical gripping, supporting fully automated stack assembly.

[0009] Both the concave and convex regions are straight structures, and they are arranged in parallel and extend from one end of the flow guide substrate to the other end, respectively.

[0010] In this technical solution, the concave and convex regions adopt a straight structure and extend in parallel, forming a continuous and uniform electrolyte flow path. This avoids turbulence or dead zones during electrolyte flow, further reducing flow resistance. The simple design of the straight structure simplifies the processing technology of the current-guiding substrate, reduces production costs, and ensures uniform distribution of the electrolyte on the electrode surface, improving reaction consistency.

[0011] The cross-section of the electrolyte flow channel is a toothed or rectangular structure, and a plurality of the guide holes are spaced apart on the bottom wall of the electrolyte flow channel along the length direction of the electrolyte flow channel.

[0012] In this technical solution, the toothed or rectangular cross-section design of the electrolyte flow channel increases the contact area between the inner wall of the flow channel and the electrolyte, enhancing the mass transfer effect; the guide holes are spaced along the bottom wall to guide the electrolyte vertically from the bottom of the flow channel to the surface of the electrode material, avoiding the electrolyte from only flowing in laminar form within the flow channel, ensuring that the reactive material participates in the reaction as a whole, reducing local concentration differences, and thus reducing concentration polarization resistance.

[0013] The sidewall of the electrolyte flow channel is provided with a connecting hole, which connects adjacent electrolyte flow channels, and multiple connecting holes are spaced apart along the length direction of the electrolyte flow channel.

[0014] In this technical solution, connecting holes are added to the sidewalls of the electrolyte flow channels, allowing the electrolyte to flow laterally between adjacent channels, further balancing the pressure and flow distribution in different channels. This design solves the problem of electrolyte flow rate attenuation at the end of long channels, ensuring consistent reaction rates across different areas of the electrode surface, and improving the overall stability and cycle life of the battery.

[0015] The width of the electrolyte flow channel is 2mm-3mm, the diameter of the connecting hole is 0.5mm-1.5mm, and the diameter of the guide hole is smaller than the width of the electrolyte flow channel, with a diameter of 1mm-2mm.

[0016] In this technical solution, the matching relationship between the flow channel and the pore structure is optimized by limiting the channel width (2mm-3mm), the connecting hole diameter (0.5mm-1.5mm), and the guide hole diameter (1mm-2mm). A smaller guide hole diameter forces the electrolyte to flow through the electrode material at a higher velocity, enhancing mass transfer efficiency; a larger connecting hole diameter balances the pressure between the flow channels, preventing localized blockage. This parameter range achieves a good balance between reducing flow resistance and improving reactivity.

[0017] The current-guiding substrate is a conductive, rigid, and tough structure.

[0018] In this technical solution, the conductivity of the current-conducting substrate ensures efficient electron transfer and reduces ohmic resistance; its rigid properties provide mechanical support, preventing electrode deformation; and its tough design allows the substrate to withstand certain pressure during assembly without cracking, balancing structural strength and process adaptability, making it suitable for mass production. In a preferred embodiment, the current-conducting substrate can be a carbon plate made of graphite, meeting the requirements of conductivity, rigidity, and toughness.

[0019] The thickness of the flow guiding substrate is 2mm-3mm.

[0020] In this technical solution, the thickness of the current-conducting substrate is limited to 2mm-3mm, which ensures sufficient mechanical strength to support the electrode structure while avoiding an increase in battery size and weight due to excessive thickness. This thickness range optimizes the balance between energy density and power density of the battery, making it suitable for practical engineering applications.

[0021] The reactive electrode material is a carbon cloth made by weaving and graphitizing carbon fibers.

[0022] In this technical solution, carbon cloth is used as the reactive electrode material. Its high conductivity and porous structure provide ample active sites for redox reactions. The flexible nature of carbon fiber weaving allows it to fit tightly against the current-carrying substrate, reducing contact resistance and resisting long-term electrolyte erosion, thus improving electrode durability. The carbon cloth itself is relatively thin and has a much higher compression ratio than graphite felt, resulting in superior mass transfer and reaction rates compared to existing technologies, thus improving battery performance. The graphitization of carbon cloth involves heat treatment in a high-temperature (typically above 2500℃) inert gas (such as argon) environment, gradually transforming its disordered carbon atom structure into an ordered graphite crystal structure. This process significantly enhances the physical and chemical properties of the carbon cloth.

[0023] The carbon cloth is integrally formed and sleeved and fixed to the flow guiding substrate; or, the carbon cloth comprises multiple separate cloth pieces, which are circumferentially closed by sewing and sleeved and fixed to the flow guiding substrate.

[0024] In this technical solution, the integrated carbon cloth sleeve fixation simplifies the assembly process and reduces interface contact resistance; the split multi-piece cloth stitching design allows for flexible cutting according to the shape of the flow guide substrate, adapting to complex flow channel structures, while reducing the risk of carbon cloth damage and improving production yield.

[0025] Another object of this application is to provide a flow battery including an integrated electrode as described above.

[0026] In this technical solution, the integrated electrode is applied to the flow battery, which significantly reduces the battery's internal resistance and pump loss, and improves the energy conversion efficiency. The rigidity and standardized design of the electrode support automated assembly, shorten the production cycle, reduce manufacturing costs, and promote the commercial application of flow batteries in the field of large-scale energy storage. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is an assembly diagram of the integrated electrode provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the integrated electrode provided in the embodiment of this application in its assembled state;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow guiding substrate provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view at point B in the middle;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the flow guiding substrate provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view at point C;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of carbon cloth as the reactive electrode material provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0036] List of components and reference numerals:

[0037] 1. Fluid guide substrate, 11. Electrolyte flow channel, 12. Electrolyte inlet, 13. Electrolyte outlet, 14. Fluid guide hole, 15. Connecting hole;

[0038] 2. Reactive electrode materials. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of this application, a detailed explanation is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0041] Furthermore, it should be understood in the description of this application that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," "lateral," and "longitudinal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0042] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the "above" or "below" of the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0044] This application provides an integrated electrode. For ease of explanation and understanding, the following descriptions are based on the illustrated product structure. Of course, those skilled in the art will understand that the above structure is merely a specific example and illustrative illustration, and does not constitute a specific limitation on the technical solution provided in this application. Furthermore, this application also provides a flow battery.

[0045] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the integrated electrode of this application includes a current-conducting substrate 1 and a reactive electrode material 2 wrapped around the outer surface of the current-conducting substrate 1. The reactive electrode material 2 is a flexible structure. The current-conducting substrate 1 includes alternating concave and convex regions. An electrolyte flow channel 11 is formed on the inner side of the concave region and the back side of the convex region. The electrolyte flow channel 11 has an electrolyte inlet 12 and an electrolyte outlet 13 exposed to the outside of the reactive electrode material 2. The flow channel wall of the electrolyte flow channel 11 is provided with a flow-guiding hole 14 for guiding the electrolyte toward the reactive electrode material 2. The reactive electrode material 2 and the current-conducting substrate 1 are kept relatively fixed to form an integrated structure for electrolyte flow and electrochemical reaction.

[0046] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific structure of the current-guiding substrate 1. In a preferred embodiment, the current-guiding substrate 1 is designed as a conductive, rigid, and tough structure. The conductivity of the current-guiding substrate 1 ensures efficient electron transfer and reduces ohmic resistance; the rigidity provides mechanical support and prevents electrode deformation; the toughness design allows the substrate to withstand certain pressure during assembly without breaking, balancing structural strength and process adaptability, making it suitable for mass production. In a preferred embodiment, the current-guiding substrate 1 can be made of graphite carbon plate, specifically produced by injection molding, meeting the requirements of conductivity, rigidity, and toughness. As an alternative, the current-guiding substrate 1 can also use other suitable structures, such as carbon-plated titanium alloy, carbon-plated stainless steel, carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, graphene-reinforced metal substrates, etc.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the current-guiding substrate 1 is 2mm-3mm, which ensures sufficient mechanical strength to support the electrode structure while avoiding an increase in battery volume and weight due to excessive thickness. This thickness range optimizes the balance between energy density and power density of the battery, making it suitable for practical engineering applications. Figure 4 The diagram shows that the flow guide substrate 1 has a rectangular structure, but this does not limit the scope of this application. It can be modified into other shapes according to the actual needs of the flow battery.

[0048] In this technical solution, the integration of the electrolyte flow path and electrochemical reaction is achieved through the combination of the current-guiding substrate 1 and the flexible reactive electrode material 2. The electrolyte flow channels 11 formed by the concave and convex regions of the current-guiding substrate 1, combined with the flow-guiding holes 14, uniformly guide the electrolyte to the surface of the electrode material. No matter how much external pressure is applied to the electrode material to reduce contact resistance, the flow resistance will not increase, thus solving the problem of mutual constraint between flow resistance and contact resistance in traditional electrodes. After the flexible electrode material is fixed to the current-guiding substrate 1, it ensures efficient electrolyte flow and provides a stable reaction interface, reducing concentration polarization and improving battery efficiency. At the same time, the current-guiding substrate 1 is easy for mechanical grippers to grasp, supporting fully automated stack assembly.

[0049] It should be further noted that the positions of the concave and convex regions may change depending on the reference viewing angle of the current guiding substrate 1. For example, in Figure 4 The concave and convex regions shown in the diagram, when converted to a reference view of the back side of the flow guide substrate 1, change from concave to convex regions, and vice versa. Regarding the specific structures of the concave and convex regions and the specific structure of the formed electrolyte flow channel 11, in a preferred embodiment, as shown... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, both the concave and convex regions are straight structures, arranged in parallel and extending from one end of the flow guide substrate 1 to the other. The two ends of the concave region form the electrolyte inlet 12 and electrolyte outlet 13 of the electrolyte flow channel 11, respectively, as do the two ends of the convex region. In this technical solution, the straight and parallel extension of the concave and convex regions ensures a continuous and uniform path for the electrolyte flow channel 11, preventing turbulence or dead zones during electrolyte flow and further reducing flow resistance. The simple design of the straight structure simplifies the processing technology of the flow guide substrate 1, reduces production costs, and ensures uniform electrolyte distribution on the electrode surface, improving reaction consistency.

[0050] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the electrolyte channel 11 has a rectangular cross-section, and multiple guide holes 14 are spaced apart along the length of the electrolyte channel 11 on its bottom wall. In this technical solution, the rectangular cross-section design of the electrolyte channel 11 increases the contact area between the inner wall of the channel and the electrolyte, enhancing the mass transfer effect; the guide holes 14 are spaced apart along the bottom wall to guide the electrolyte vertically from the bottom of the channel to the surface of the electrode material, preventing the electrolyte from flowing only in laminar form within the channel, ensuring that the reactive material participates in the reaction as a whole, reducing local concentration differences, and thus lowering the concentration polarization resistance. As an alternative embodiment, the cross-section of the electrolyte channel 11 can also be a toothed structure or other suitable structures, such as a trapezoidal structure or an irregular structure, etc.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the sidewall of the electrolyte flow channel 11 is provided with connecting holes 15, which connect adjacent electrolyte flow channels 11. Multiple connecting holes 15 are spaced apart along the length of the electrolyte flow channel 11. By adding connecting holes 15 to the sidewall of the electrolyte flow channel 11, the electrolyte between adjacent channels can flow laterally, further balancing the pressure and flow distribution of different channels. This design solves the problem of electrolyte flow rate attenuation at the end of a long flow channel, ensuring consistent reaction rates in different areas of the electrode surface, and improving the overall stability and cycle life of the battery. Of course, as another embodiment to simplify the structure of the current-guiding substrate 1 and reduce costs, the connecting holes 15 can be omitted, and after the electrolyte enters the electrolyte flow channel 11, there is no electrolyte cross-flow between adjacent electrolyte flow channels 11.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the width of the electrolyte channel 11 is 2mm-3mm, the diameter of the connecting hole 15 is 0.5mm-1.5mm, and the diameter of the guide hole 14 is smaller than the width of the electrolyte channel 11, with a diameter of 1mm-2mm. Specifically, since the lower limit of the width of the electrolyte channel 11 is 2mm and the upper limit of the diameter of the guide hole 14 is 2mm, and since the diameter of the guide hole 14 is smaller than the width of the electrolyte channel 11, when the lower limit of the width of the electrolyte channel 11 is 2mm, the diameter of the guide hole 14 should be less than 2mm. Furthermore, the depth of the electrolyte channel 11 should be greater than the diameter of the connecting hole 15. For example, based on the diameter of the connecting hole 15 being 0.5mm-1.5mm, when the upper limit of the diameter of the connecting hole 15 is 1.5mm, the depth of the electrolyte channel 11 should be greater than 1.5mm. In this technical solution, the matching relationship between the flow channel and the pore structure is optimized by limiting the flow channel width (2mm-3mm), the diameter of the connecting hole 15 (0.5mm-1.5mm), and the diameter of the guide hole 14 (1mm-2mm). The smaller diameter of the guide hole 14 forces the electrolyte to pass through the electrode material at a higher flow rate, enhancing mass transfer efficiency; the larger diameter of the connecting hole 15 balances the pressure between the flow channels, avoiding local blockage. This parameter range achieves a good balance between reducing flow resistance and improving reaction activity.

[0053] In alternative embodiments, instead of adopting a straight structure and extending in parallel for the concave and convex regions, the concave and convex regions can also adopt other suitable shapes, such as serpentine shapes, meandering shapes, etc., so that the formed electrolyte flow channel is a serpentine flow channel, a meandering flow channel, etc.

[0054] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific structure of the reactive electrode material 2, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the reactive electrode material 2 is a carbon cloth woven from carbon fibers and graphitized. The carbon cloth, as the reactive electrode material 2, provides ample active sites for redox reactions due to its high conductivity and porous structure; the flexible nature of the carbon fiber weaving allows it to fit tightly against the current-carrying substrate 1, reducing contact resistance and resisting long-term electrolyte erosion, thus improving electrode durability. The carbon cloth itself has a smaller thickness and a much higher compression ratio than graphite felt, therefore its mass transfer and reaction rates are superior to existing technologies, improving battery performance.

[0055] Furthermore, the carbon cloth can be integrally formed and fixed to the current-guiding substrate 1. Specifically, the carbon cloth can be woven into a circumferentially closed cavity structure that fits the outer contour of the current-guiding substrate 1 using external tools, and then the carbon cloth is fitted onto the current-guiding substrate 1. The integral carbon cloth fitting and fixing simplifies the assembly process and reduces interface contact resistance. In other embodiments, the carbon cloth can also consist of multiple separate cloth blocks, which are circumferentially closed and fixed to the current-guiding substrate 1 by stitching. For example, the carbon cloth can consist of two rectangular cloth blocks, each with a length and width slightly larger than the length and width of the current-guiding substrate 1. The two cloth blocks are respectively attached to the two sides of the current-guiding substrate 1, and then the two sides of the two cloth blocks are stitched together, while the other two sides are not stitched, exposing the electrolyte inlet 12 and the electrolyte outlet 13 to the outside. The separate multi-piece stitching design allows for flexible cutting according to the shape of the current-guiding substrate 1, adapting to complex flow channel structures, while reducing the risk of carbon cloth damage and improving production yield.

[0056] In alternative embodiments, the reactive electrode material 2 can also be other suitable structural materials such as carbon felt.

[0057] Another objective of this application is to provide a flow battery including the integrated electrode described above, which significantly reduces battery internal resistance and pump loss, and improves energy conversion efficiency. The rigidity and standardized design of the electrode supports automated assembly, shortens the production cycle, reduces manufacturing costs, and promotes the commercial application of flow batteries in large-scale energy storage. In a preferred embodiment, during stack assembly, the integrated electrode is located within the flow frame, with the parallel flow channels in a vertical state to ensure that the electrolyte within the flow frame can flow into the flow channels with minimal flow resistance. One side of the integrated electrode is a bipolar plate, and the other side is a separator. The bipolar plates on both the positive and negative electrodes tightly press the flow frame to reduce contact resistance. Since the flow battery uses the integrated electrode described in any of the above embodiments, the technical effects of the integrated electrode are all reflected in the flow battery, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0058] The type of flow battery in this application is not specifically limited. For example, it can be a vanadium redox flow battery, a zinc-bromine flow battery, an iron-chromium flow battery, etc.

[0059] For any parts not mentioned in this application, existing technologies may be used or referenced.

[0060] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0061] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An integrated electrode, characterized by, The application relates to an integrated electrode, which comprises a flow guide substrate and a reaction active electrode material wrapped outside the flow guide substrate, wherein the reaction active electrode material is a flexible structure, the flow guide substrate comprises concave regions and convex regions arranged alternately, the inner side of the concave regions and the back side of the convex regions form electrolyte flow channels, the electrolyte flow channels have electrolyte inlets and electrolyte outlets exposed to the outside of the reaction active electrode material, flow guide holes for guiding electrolyte towards the reaction active electrode material are arranged on the flow channel walls of the electrolyte flow channels, the reaction active electrode material is relatively fixed with the flow guide substrate, and an integrated structure of electrolyte flow and electrochemical reaction is formed.

2. The integrated electrode of claim 1, wherein The concave regions and the convex regions are straight structures, and the concave regions and the convex regions are arranged in parallel and extend from one end to the other end of the flow guide substrate.

3. The integrated electrode of claim 2, wherein The cross section of the electrolyte flow channel is a tooth-shaped structure or a rectangular structure, and a plurality of flow guide holes are arranged on the bottom wall of the electrolyte flow channel along the length direction of the electrolyte flow channel.

4. The integrated electrode of claim 3, wherein The side wall of the electrolyte flow channel is provided with a communication hole, and the communication hole communicates the adjacent electrolyte flow channels, and a plurality of communication holes are arranged along the length direction of the electrolyte flow channel.

5. The integrated electrode of claim 4, wherein The width of the electrolyte flow channel is 2-3 mm, the hole diameter of the communication hole is 0.5-1.5 mm, the hole diameter of the flow guide hole is smaller than the width of the electrolyte flow channel, and the hole diameter of the flow guide hole is 1-2 mm.

6. The integrated electrode of claim 1, wherein The flow guide substrate is a conductive, hard and tough structure.

7. The integrated electrode of claim 6, wherein The thickness of the flow guide substrate is 2-3 mm.

8. The integrated electrode of claim 1, wherein The reaction active electrode material is carbon cloth formed by weaving carbon fibers and graphitization.

9. The integrated electrode of claim 8, wherein, The carbon cloth is integrally arranged and fixed on the flow guide substrate. Alternatively, the carbon cloth comprises a plurality of cloth blocks which are circumferentially closed by sewing and fixed on the flow guide substrate.

10. A flow battery, characterized in that, The application further relates to an integrated electrode comprising the integrated electrode according to any one of claims 1-9.

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