Distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system based on cloud platform

Abstract

The utility model discloses a distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system based on a cloud platform. The distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system comprises a plurality of data acquisition nodes, a gateway, a cloud platform, a cloud server and a user side, the data acquisition node wirelessly transmits information acquired by the sensor module to the gateway through the LoRa communication module, the gateway collects various data and regularly transmits the data to the cloud platform through the NB-IoT communication module and the base station, the cloud platform stores the data in the cloud server, and the user side can be connected with the cloud server through a network to obtain related information. According to the utility model, the wireless data acquisition device deployed in the distributed photovoltaic power station is used for acquiring meteorological data in the station, the temperature of the photovoltaic module, and the data of the combiner box and other equipment, the data are collected by the gateway and then uploaded to the cloud platform, the cloud server calls the data of the cloud platform, and the data are analyzed and processed and then displayed to a user at a user side. And remote monitoring of the distributed photovoltaic power station is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power station monitoring equipment, in particular to a distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system based on a cloud platform. BACKGROUND

[0002] A photovoltaic power station is a power station that converts solar radiation energy into electric energy through a solar cell array. Solar power generation is widely used, but solar photovoltaic power stations are all located in outdoor complex environments and are greatly affected by climate changes such as light, temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

[0003] Current photovoltaic power station systems include photovoltaic devices, substations, and related electrical equipment such as distribution boxes, but the current monitoring method of photovoltaic power station systems still mostly adopts manual inspection, which is low in efficiency and not easy to quickly inform the background when problems are found, which may affect normal safe operation.

[0004] A distributed photovoltaic power station, such as a photovoltaic power station installed on the roof of every household in rural areas, is a distributed photovoltaic power station. Figure 1 As shown in a grid-connected distributed photovoltaic power station, a photovoltaic power generation unit mainly includes photovoltaic components, a current combiner box, a direct current distribution cabinet, an inverter, and the like. Depending on the existence form in the distribution network, the types and layout order of the equipment are slightly different. A distributed photovoltaic power station is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic power generation units.

[0005] Due to the characteristics of distributed photovoltaic power stations, such as scattered layout, numerous access points, and difficulty in centralized management, and the relatively low flexibility and expandability of existing photovoltaic monitoring systems for distributed photovoltaic power stations of different sizes, the informatization level of the monitoring system is not high, and the management and maintenance cost of the distributed photovoltaic power station is high. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0006] Therefore, the present application provides a distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system based on a cloud platform, which collects relevant data through a data acquisition terminal deployed in the photovoltaic power station, uploads the collected data to a cloud server through a wireless transmission module, and realizes remote monitoring of the distributed photovoltaic power station.

[0007] According to an aspect of the present application, a distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system based on a cloud platform is provided in an embodiment, which includes a plurality of data acquisition nodes, a gateway, a cloud platform, a cloud server, and a user terminal.

[0008] The data acquisition node comprises an MCU, a data acquisition circuit, a sensor module, a LoRa communication module and a power module, the MCU is connected with the data acquisition circuit, the LoRa communication module and the power module, the sensor module is connected with the data acquisition circuit, and the power module supplies power for the MCU, the data acquisition circuit and the LoRa communication module.

[0009] The gateway comprises an MCU, a LoRa communication module, an NB-IoT communication module, a storage module and a power module, the MCU is connected with the LoRa communication module, the NB-IoT communication module, the storage module and the power module, and the power module supplies power for the MCU, the LoRa communication module, the NB-IoT communication module and the storage module.

[0010] The data acquisition node wirelessly transmits the information collected by the sensor module to the gateway through the LoRa communication module, the gateway collects various data and wirelessly transmits the data to the cloud platform through the base station through the NB-IoT communication module at a time, the cloud platform stores the data in the cloud server, and the user end can connect the cloud server through the network to obtain relevant information.

[0011] In some embodiments, the sensor module comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind power sensor, an irradiance sensor, a battery temperature sensor, a busbar, an inverter and an electric meter.

[0012] In some embodiments, the data acquisition node only collects data of one or more sensors in the sensor module.

[0013] In some embodiments, the number of the data acquisition nodes is greater than the number of photovoltaic power generation units in the distributed photovoltaic power station.

[0014] In some embodiments, the power modules of the data acquisition node and the gateway are double power modules, one power source is connected with the photovoltaic cell, and the other power source is connected with the storage battery, the photovoltaic cell can generate electricity during the day, the photovoltaic cell can generate electricity at night, and the storage battery can generate electricity.

[0015] In some embodiments, the MCU of the data acquisition node and the gateway is an STM32 type microprocessor.

[0016] In some embodiments, the LoRa communication module of the data acquisition node and the gateway is a second generation SX126X series communication module.

[0017] In some examples, the NB-IoT communication module of the gateway is produced by ZTE IoT, China Mobile IoT or Shanghai Yiyuan.

[0018] In some embodiments, the gateway further includes a driving circuit, an audible and visual alarm device, and an OLED display. The driving circuit is connected to the audible and visual alarm device and the OLED display, and the driving circuit is connected to the MCU.

[0019] In some embodiments, the cloud platform is one of a public cloud platform, a private cloud platform, a dedicated cloud platform, a hybrid cloud platform, and an edge cloud platform.

[0020] In some embodiments, when the cloud platform is a public cloud platform, it is preferably China Mobile's OneNET cloud platform, China Telecom's Tianyi Cloud, China Unicom's Unicom Cloud, China Broadcasting Network's Broadcasting Cloud, Tencent's Tencent Cloud, Alibaba's Alibaba Cloud, Baidu's Baidu Cloud, Huawei's Huawei Cloud, etc.

[0021] In some embodiments, the user terminal includes smartphones, tablets, computers, and smartwatches.

[0022] This utility model discloses a remote monitoring system for distributed photovoltaic power stations based on a cloud platform. Wireless data acquisition devices deployed within the distributed photovoltaic power station collect meteorological data, photovoltaic module temperature, combiner box data, and data from other equipment. This data is then aggregated via a gateway and uploaded to the cloud platform. The cloud server accesses the data from the cloud platform, analyzes and processes it, and displays it to the user, thus realizing remote monitoring of the distributed photovoltaic power station.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0024] 1. This utility model discloses a remote monitoring system for distributed photovoltaic power stations based on a cloud platform, which combines the LoRa network of the data acquisition node and the NB-IoT network of the gateway. It uses LoRa for on-site wireless data acquisition and NB-IoT terminals for off-site data interaction, which effectively reduces the number of off-site wireless terminals while expanding the wireless coverage of the monitoring system, thereby reducing the hardware development cost and difficulty.

[0025] 2. The present invention provides a remote monitoring system for distributed photovoltaic power stations based on a cloud platform. It uses a cloud server as the application server, which simplifies the system to a certain extent and enables users to remotely monitor distributed photovoltaic power stations from any location with internet access. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a grid-connected distributed photovoltaic power generation system.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a hardware block diagram of the data acquisition node of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the LoRa proprietary protocol MASH network topology for the data acquisition node of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a hardware block diagram of the gateway of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of the dual-power supply structure of the power module for the data acquisition node and gateway of this utility model.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Data acquisition node; 2. Gateway; 3. Cloud platform; 4. Cloud server; 5. User terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are referred to by related similar element reference numerals. In the following embodiments, many details are described to facilitate a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some features may be omitted in different situations, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, certain operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid obscuring the core parts of the present application with excessive description. For those skilled in the art, detailed description of these related operations is not necessary; they can fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and general technical knowledge in the art.

[0034] Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments, and the operational steps involved in each embodiment can also be rearranged or adjusted in a manner that is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the specification and drawings are only for clearly describing a particular embodiment and do not imply that they represent the necessary components and / or order.

[0035] The serial numbers assigned to components in this document, such as "first" and "second," are used only to distinguish the objects being described and have no sequential or technical meaning. Unless otherwise specified, the terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this application include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). Example

[0036] In this embodiment, the cloud platform is China Mobile's OneNET cloud as an example. The OneNET cloud platform is positioned as a PaaS service IoT application platform. When facing devices, it supports various common transmission protocols and adapts to various network environments, providing access solutions and management services for various hardware terminals. When facing the application layer, due to its provided API interfaces and data analysis resources, developers do not need to focus on setting up the device access layer environment; they only need to focus on developing their own applications, thereby shortening the development cycle and reducing development and maintenance costs.

[0037] Please refer to Figures 1-6 According to one aspect of this application, one embodiment provides a remote monitoring system for a distributed photovoltaic power station based on a cloud platform, including several data acquisition nodes 1, a gateway 2, a cloud platform 3, a cloud server 4, and a user terminal 5.

[0038] The data acquisition node 1 includes an MCU, a data acquisition circuit, a sensor module, a LoRa communication module, and a power supply module. The MCU is an STM32F103VET6, and the LoRa communication module uses a model 39-T400A30D1a RF module, which is the LoRa communication module for the data acquisition node. The RF chip used is SX1262. This module operates at a frequency of 410–490MHz, provides 81 channels, has a high receiving sensitivity of -140dB, a maximum transmission distance of 5000m, adjustable power from 21–30dBm with a maximum of 130mW, and a power supply voltage of 2.0–5.5V. A built-in LDO ensures stable power supply to the module.

[0039] The MCU is connected to the data acquisition circuit, the LoRa communication module and the power module; the sensor module is connected to the data acquisition circuit; and the power module supplies power to the MCU, the data acquisition circuit and the LoRa communication module.

[0040] The sensor module includes a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind force sensor, an irradiance sensor, a photovoltaic module temperature sensor, a combiner box, an inverter, and an electricity meter.

[0041] The temperature and humidity sensor described is a DHT22 digital temperature and humidity sensor, used to measure the temperature and humidity of the environment inside a photovoltaic power station. This sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensor and an NTC temperature sensor, and is connected to a high-performance eight-bit MCU. It features ultra-fast response speed, strong anti-interference capabilities, and high cost-effectiveness. The DHT22 uses a single-bus interface to connect to an STM32 microcontroller, enabling simple and rapid system integration through a single serial interface. Its signal transmission distance reaches 20 meters, making it suitable for demanding applications.

[0042] The wind sensor includes a wind speed sensor and a wind direction sensor. The wind speed sensor is a First BRW200-1001 anemometer, a three-cup type with 360° measurement, a minimum starting wind speed of 0.5 m / s, a maximum measured wind speed of 50 m / s, an accuracy of 0.2 m / s, and an output signal of 0–5V. The wind direction sensor is a Huakong HSTL-FX02 anemometer, which can measure 16 directions, has a power supply voltage of DC 12–24V, and an output voltage of 0–5V.

[0043] The irradiance sensor is an STBQSV12OV radiation sensor, used to measure the solar irradiance of a photovoltaic power station, with a measurement range of 0–2000 W / m². 2 The power supply voltage is DC12V, and the output signal is 0-5V.

[0044] The photovoltaic module temperature sensor is a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor. This sensor is small, low-cost, and has strong anti-interference capabilities, making it widely used for temperature measurement in cold storage, hot water tanks, greenhouses, and other applications. Its operating voltage is 5V, its temperature measurement range is 55–125℃, and its accuracy is ±0.5℃. For easy sensor mounting, a surface-mount DS18B20 waterproof probe sensor is selected. During actual operation of a photovoltaic power station, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and lifespan of the photovoltaic modules are significantly affected by temperature. This effect is particularly pronounced at an ambient temperature of 25℃ and an irradiance of 1000W / m². 2 Under standard testing conditions, for every 1°C increase in temperature, the output power of a photovoltaic module decreases by 0.044. Therefore, the temperature of the photovoltaic modules is of great significance for monitoring the operation of a photovoltaic power plant.

[0045] The combiner box uses an FR-DCMG-MMPU DC monitor, which communicates with the host computer via RS485 or industrial wireless. Its main functions include real-time monitoring of the current in each branch of the DC system, bus voltage, box temperature, surge protector status, and DC circuit breaker status. It can automatically alarm for abnormal conditions and detect the presence of harmful arcs in the DC circuit in real time.

[0046] The inverter and electricity meter are provided by the equipment manufacturer. The data acquisition node only needs to collect data via the RS485 interface using the Modbus protocol.

[0047] The data acquisition node 1 is also equipped with a JTAG programming and debugging interface for programming and debugging, as well as a clock circuit and a reset circuit for internal clocking and resetting.

[0048] The power module of the data acquisition node 1 is a dual power module. One power supply is connected to the photovoltaic cell, and the other power supply is connected to the storage battery. During the day, when the photovoltaic cell generates electricity, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic cell can be used. At night, when the photovoltaic cell cannot generate electricity due to lack of light, the electricity in the storage battery can be used.

[0049] Gateway 2 includes an MCU, a LoRa communication module, an NB-IoT communication module, a storage module, and a power module. The MCU is also an STM32F103VET6, and the NB-IoT communication module is a China Mobile IoT M5310-A ​​NB-IoT module. This is an industrial-grade NB-IoT module with LCC packaging, supporting Band 3, Band 5, and Band 8 frequency bands. The M5310-A ​​integrates IoT communication protocols such as TCP, UDP, MQTT, and CoAP. The storage module uses a plug-in TF card. The MCU connects to the LoRa communication module, NB-IoT communication module, storage module, and power module, and the power module supplies power to the MCU, LoRa communication module, NB-IoT communication module, and storage module.

[0050] The gateway 2 also includes a driving circuit, an audible and visual alarm device, and an OLED display. The driving circuit is connected to the audible and visual alarm device and the OLED display, and the driving circuit is connected to the MCU.

[0051] In the gateway 2, the driving circuit assists in driving the alarm device and the OLED display. When a fault or abnormal operation occurs within the station, the alarm device will be triggered and the fault type will be displayed. The storage module stores the collected data for local retrieval. The LoRa communication module is responsible for collecting relevant data uploaded by the data acquisition nodes. To ensure stable data reception, two LoRa modules of the same model as the data acquisition nodes are used to expand the gateway channel. The NB-IoT communication module is responsible for uploading the data collected in the field to the OneNET cloud platform.

[0052] The data acquisition node 1 wirelessly transmits the information collected by the sensor module to the gateway 2 via the LoRa communication module. The gateway 2 collects various data and periodically transmits them wirelessly to the cloud platform 3 via the NB-IoT communication module.

[0053] When terminal devices equipped with NB-IoT communication modules on Gateway 2 exchange data with the cloud platform, they need to use the communication network provided by the supplier. Currently, there are three communication service providers on the market: China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Telecom. If the network service provided by China Mobile is used directly, the terminal device can seamlessly connect with the OneNET cloud platform. Other networks require specific settings to access the cloud platform. In this embodiment, the NB-IoT communication module is the M5310-A ​​NB-IoT module from China Mobile IoT, which is a dedicated NB-IoT communication module for IoT under China Mobile. It can seamlessly connect with China Mobile's OneNET cloud platform without requiring any special settings, making it simple and convenient.

[0054] Cloud platform 3 stores data on cloud server 4, and user terminal 5 can connect to cloud server 4 via the network to obtain relevant information.

[0055] The number of data acquisition nodes is greater than the number of photovoltaic power generation units in a distributed photovoltaic power station. These data acquisition nodes communicate wirelessly via LoRa communication modules. Because the LoRa proprietary protocol corresponds to a mesh topology network, wireless mesh networks, with their multi-hop interconnection characteristics, have evolved to be suitable for multiple...

[0056] This provides an effective solution for wireless access networks. When using a mesh topology network, in addition to nodes and gateways, routers are also needed for relay forwarding. Although LoRa has a wide coverage distance, its sensitivity decreases at high speeds. Therefore, mesh technology is required for high-speed, long-distance LoRa applications. Since the number of terminals in a distributed photovoltaic power station is not large, representing a small-scale application scenario, using the LoRaWAN protocol would require specialized LoRa gateway chips and the deployment of related network servers, increasing development costs. Therefore, in this embodiment, a proprietary protocol is used between the LoRa data acquisition terminal and the gateway, reducing development costs while improving data transmission speed between nodes and the gateway.

[0057] The user terminal 5 includes smartphones, tablets, computers, and smartwatches.

[0058] This utility model discloses a remote monitoring system for distributed photovoltaic power stations based on a cloud platform. Combined with corresponding software (which can be developed independently or purchased from others), it can achieve the following functional requirements:

[0059] (1) Data acquisition and transmission: This function mainly includes collecting state variables that can characterize the working status of the photovoltaic power station, such as meteorological data parameters, photovoltaic module temperature, combiner box, inverter, electricity meter and other related data, and uploading the data to the cloud platform.

[0060] (2) Data storage management: The data uploaded by the photovoltaic power station equipment terminals is classified and stored to provide data support for relevant analysis. At the same time, it also has the function of storing and exporting historical data, and different security levels can be set according to management needs, and corresponding level permissions can be opened.

[0061] (3) Data display: Based on the collected data, the main parameters are displayed more intuitively in the form of curves, bar charts and other forms; according to different target audiences, the data access permissions are classified. Ordinary users can only access the basic power generation data of the power station corresponding to themselves, while the company's operation and maintenance personnel can remotely access the operation status of all distributed photovoltaic power stations under their management through the client.

[0062] (4) Fault alarm: When the equipment fails or the photovoltaic module power generation data is abnormal, the system sends an alarm signal and notifies the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0063] (5) Remote monitoring: In order to achieve intelligent management, users can remotely view relevant information of the power station using the client.

[0064] (6) Easy to expand: When the power station needs to be expanded, the original data acquisition device does not need to be replaced, and the new data acquisition device can be quickly and stably integrated into the original system.

[0065] A specific application example is a 30MW distributed photovoltaic power station in a county in Henan Province. The power station is distributed on the rooftops of various villages. Due to the varying sizes of the villages, the smallest village has an installed capacity of 0.02MW and 46 independent photovoltaic power generation units, concentrated within a circular area with a radius of no more than 200m. The largest village has an installed capacity of 0.3MW and 674 independent photovoltaic power generation units, concentrated within a circular area with a radius of 1700m. The distance between adjacent villages ranges from 300 meters to 3000 meters.

[0066] For ease of management, a data acquisition node is installed on each independent photovoltaic power generation unit in each natural village to collect data such as photovoltaic panel temperature, combiner box, inverter, and electricity meter. Additionally, depending on the village size, each natural village has 1 to 5 data acquisition devices installed to collect data on wind speed, air temperature and humidity, ambient temperature, and irradiance. Furthermore, 1 to 5 gateways are installed in each natural village. Through a mesh topology network of the data acquisition nodes and gateways, all data acquisition nodes and gateways in the natural village can be connected to each other. Data nodes within the natural village can also connect to each other, and gateways within the natural village can transmit data via LoRa communication modules.

[0067] Since the LoRa communication module of the data acquisition node is set to transmit at a frequency of 450MHz and an air rate of 4.8kbps, when the transmit power is 24dBm, 27dBm, and 30dBm, the maximum communication distance with medium or higher signal strength is 0.85km, 1.00km, and 1.20km, respectively. The transmission distance is limited, and in large natural villages, the radius is already greater than 1.2km. Therefore, multiple gateways need to be set up to receive data from the data acquisition node.

[0068] Thanks to China Mobile's comprehensive network coverage, which includes 3G, 4G, and 5G, as well as NB-IoT for the Internet of Things, the NB-IoT communication module on the gateway can directly connect to China Mobile's network and seamlessly integrate with the OneNET cloud platform through China Mobile's network.

[0069] Based on the tests conducted in the above examples, the remote monitoring system of this utility model is stable and reliable, and meets the requirements.

[0070] The above-described specific examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the concept of this invention.

Claims

1. A cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system, characterized in that: It comprises several data acquisition nodes (1), a gateway (2), a cloud platform (3), a cloud server (4) and a user terminal (5); The data acquisition node (1) comprises an MCU, a data acquisition circuit, a sensor module, a LoRa communication module and a power module, the MCU is connected with the data acquisition circuit, the LoRa communication module and the power module, the sensor module is connected with the data acquisition circuit, and the power module supplies power to the MCU, the data acquisition circuit and the LoRa communication module; The gateway (2) comprises an MCU, a LoRa communication module, an NB-IoT communication module, a storage module and a power module, the MCU is connected with the LoRa communication module, the NB-IoT communication module, the storage module and the power module, and the power module supplies power to the MCU, the LoRa communication module, the NB-IoT communication module and the storage module; The data acquisition node (1) wirelessly transmits the information collected by the sensor module to the gateway (2) through the LoRa communication module, the gateway (2) collects various data and wirelessly transmits the data to the cloud platform (3) through the base station through the NB-IoT communication module at regular intervals, the cloud platform (3) stores the data in the cloud server (4), and the user terminal (5) can connect the cloud server (4) through the network. 2.The cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor module comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind power sensor, an irradiance sensor, a battery temperature sensor, a busbar, an inverter and an electric meter. 3.The cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition node (1) only collects the data of one or more sensors in the sensor module.

4. The cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the data acquisition node (1) is greater than the number of the photovoltaic power generation unit in the distributed photovoltaic power station.

5. The cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module of the data acquisition node (1) and the gateway (2) is a dual power module, one power supply is connected with the photovoltaic cell, and the other power supply is connected with the storage battery. 6.The cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MCU of the data acquisition node (1) and the gateway (2) is an STM32 type microprocessor. 7.The cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gateway (2) further comprises a driving circuit, an audible and visual alarm device and an OLED display, the driving circuit is connected with the audible and visual alarm device and the OLED display, and the driving circuit is connected with the MCU. 8.The cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cloud platform (3) is one of a public cloud platform, a private cloud platform, a dedicated cloud platform, a hybrid cloud platform and an edge cloud platform. 9.The cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system of claim 8, characterized in that: When the cloud platform (3) is a public cloud platform, it is OneNET cloud platform of China Mobile, Tianyi cloud of China Telecom, Unicom cloud of China Unicom, Guangdian cloud of China Radio and Television, Tencent cloud of Tencent, Ali cloud of Alibaba and Baidu cloud of Baidu, and Huawei cloud of Huawei. 10.The cloud platform-based distributed photovoltaic power station remote monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The user terminal (5) comprises a smart phone, a tablet computer, a computer and a smart watch.

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