Integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace waste gas purification device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of electric furnace waste gas purification, and particularly relates to an integrated multi-stage filtering electric furnace waste gas purification device which comprises a gas inlet pipe, a pretreatment box, a multi-stage filtering box, a cooling box and a discharge pipe. The gas inlet pipe is connected with an electric furnace waste gas outlet and the top of the pretreatment box, the cyclone separator and the primary filter screen are arranged in the pretreatment box, the cyclone separator separates large-particle dust, and the primary filter screen further filters fine impurities. A plurality of filter units are arranged in the multi-stage filter box, each unit comprises a filter element, a supporting frame and a connecting pipe, an activated carbon adsorption layer and an HEPA filter layer are arranged in the filter element, and deep filtration is achieved. And the back-blowing device regularly blows back to prevent the filter element from being blocked. The cooling box cools waste gas through a cooling coil and a cooling fan, the cooled waste gas is discharged through a discharge pipe, and a detection device is arranged to monitor the content of harmful substances. Harmful substances in waste gas can be effectively removed, the purification effect is improved, and the energy consumption and the maintenance cost are reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the electric furnace waste gas purification technical field, concretely is a kind of integrated multi-stage filter electric furnace waste gas purification device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development of electric furnace waste gas purification technology, various electric furnace waste gas purification devices have been widely applied.However, these devices still have some problems in actual use.For example, the existing electric furnace waste gas purification device usually adopts single or simple multi-stage filtering mode, which is difficult to effectively deal with the purification needs of complex waste gas components, resulting in low purification efficiency, large equipment footprint and high energy consumption.In addition, the existing technology often has problems such as insufficient high-temperature resistance of equipment and easy clogging of filter material when dealing with high-temperature waste gas, which affects the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0003] After searching, a kind of electric furnace coal gas purification recovery equipment with publication number CN101892089B is disclosed, and the publication date is October 16, 2013.The equipment includes raw coal gas part and clean coal gas part, and high-temperature furnace gas is cooled and filtered by cooling device and purification dust removal device.Although the equipment can realize the safe purification recovery of electric furnace coal gas, its purification process mainly depends on single cooling and filtering mode, which is difficult to meet the deep purification needs of complex waste gas components.In addition, the recovery device of the equipment can only deal with qualified coal gas, and the treatment method of unqualified coal gas is simple, which cannot realize the full utilization of resources.

[0004] After searching, a kind of alloy preparation electric furnace flue gas purification treatment system with publication number CN113398702B is disclosed, and the publication date is January 6, 2023.The system purifies flue gas through spraying main body and purification mechanism, and is equipped with gas detector to detect discharged flue gas.Although the system can realize the preliminary purification and detection of flue gas, its purification process mainly depends on spraying mode, which is difficult to effectively remove small particulate matters and harmful gases in flue gas.In addition, the purification mechanism of the system needs to be purified again when detecting unqualified flue gas, which increases energy consumption, and the equipment structure is complex, with high maintenance cost.

[0005] The above problems show that the existing electric furnace waste gas purification device still has deficiencies in dealing with complex waste gas components, improving purification efficiency, reducing energy consumption and equipment footprint, etc.Therefore, the utility model provides a kind of integrated multi-stage filter electric furnace waste gas purification device to overcome these deficiencies and provide a new solution that is more efficient, energy-saving and suitable for complex waste gas components. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0006] The utility model provides an integrated multistage filter electric furnace waste gas purification device, including air inlet pipe, pretreatment box, multistage filter box, cooling tank and discharge pipe, one end of air inlet pipe is connected with electric furnace waste gas export, the other end is connected with the top of pretreatment box, the pretreatment box includes the box, cyclone separator and primary filter screen, cyclone separator sets up inside the upper portion of box, primary filter screen sets up cyclone separator below, the baffle is equipped below primary filter screen, the baffle is obliquely arranged, and its low end is connected with the air inlet of multistage filter box, the multistage filter box includes the box, multistage filter assembly and blowback device, multistage filter assembly includes a plurality of filter units, and each filter unit includes filter core, support frame and connecting pipe, the filter core is cylindrical, and its inside is equipped with activated carbon adsorption layer and HEPA filter layer, the support frame is fixed to the outside of filter core, one end of connecting pipe is connected with support frame, and the other end is connected with the box of multistage filter box, the blowback device includes blowback fan, blowback pipe and control valve, the blowback fan is arranged outside multistage filter box, one end of blowback pipe is connected with blowback fan, and the other end is connected with the box of multistage filter box, and control valve is arranged on blowback pipe, the cooling tank includes the box, cooling coil and cooling fan, cooling coil is arranged inside the box, and cooling fan is arranged outside the box, the air inlet of cooling tank is connected with the air outlet of multistage filter box, and the air outlet of cooling tank is connected with discharge pipe.

[0007] Further preferred scheme: the cyclone separator includes cyclone separator main body and cyclone separator outlet, the cyclone separator main body is conical, and its top is connected with the air inlet pipe, the cyclone separator outlet is arranged at the bottom of cyclone separator main body, and the cyclone separator outlet is connected with the primary filter screen, the primary filter screen includes a frame and a filter screen, the frame is fixed below the cyclone separator outlet, the filter screen is arranged inside the frame, and the filter screen is made of stainless steel wire mesh, the baffle includes a plate body and a guide groove, the plate body is obliquely arranged, the high end of the plate body is connected with the primary filter screen, and the low end of the plate body is connected with the air inlet of the multistage filter box, the guide groove is arranged on the surface of the plate body, the guide groove is V-shaped, and the number of guide grooves is multiple, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the plate body.

[0008] Further preferred: the multi-stage filter assembly comprises a first filter unit, a second filter unit and a third filter unit, the first filter unit, the second filter unit and the third filter unit are arranged in the multi-stage filter box in sequence, the filter core of the first filter unit is internally provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer, the filter core of the second filter unit is internally provided with a HEPA filter layer, and the filter core of the third filter unit is internally provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer and a HEPA filter layer; the support frame comprises a support ring and a support rod, the support ring is fixed outside the filter core, one end of the support rod is connected with the support ring, and the other end is connected with the box body of the multi-stage filter box; the connecting pipe comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe, one end of the main pipe is connected with the support ring, the other end is connected with the box body of the multi-stage filter box, one end of the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, and the other end is connected with the backflushing pipe.

[0009] Further preferred: the backflushing device comprises a backflushing fan, a backflushing pipe and a control valve, the backflushing fan is arranged outside the multi-stage filter box, one end of the backflushing pipe is connected with the backflushing fan, and the other end is connected with the box body of the multi-stage filter box, the control valve is arranged on the backflushing pipe, the control valve is an electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve is connected with a control unit, the control unit is arranged outside the multi-stage filter box, the control unit comprises a controller and a sensor, the sensor is arranged inside the multi-stage filter box, the sensor is used for detecting the pressure difference inside the multi-stage filter box, and the controller controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve according to the pressure difference detected by the sensor; the backflushing pipe comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe, one end of the main pipe is connected with the backflushing fan, and the other end is connected with the box body of the multi-stage filter box, one end of the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, and the other end is connected with the connecting pipe.

[0010] Further preferred: the cooling box comprises a box body, a cooling coil and a cooling fan, the cooling coil is arranged inside the box body, and the cooling fan is arranged outside the box body, the cooling coil comprises an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, one end of the inlet pipe is connected with a cooling water inlet, and the other end is connected with the cooling coil, one end of the outlet pipe is connected with the cooling coil, and the other end is connected with a cooling water outlet; the cooling fan comprises a fan main body and fan blades, the fan main body is arranged outside the box body, the fan blades are arranged inside the fan main body, the fan blades are connected with a rotating shaft of the fan main body, the rotating shaft of the fan main body is connected with a motor, the motor is arranged outside the box body, the motor is connected with a control unit, and the control unit controls the rotating speed of the motor according to the temperature detected by the sensor.

[0011] Further preferred: the exhaust pipe comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe, one end of the main pipe is connected with the air outlet of the cooling box, the other end is connected with the exhaust port, one end of the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, the other end is connected with the detection device, the detection device comprises a detection box and a detection sensor, the detection box is arranged outside the exhaust pipe, the detection sensor is arranged inside the detection box, the detection sensor is used for detecting the harmful substance content in the exhaust gas, the detection sensor is connected with the control unit, the control unit controls the blowback frequency of the blowback device and the rotating speed of the cooling fan according to the harmful substance content detected by the detection sensor.

[0012] The utility model discloses a structure composition and realization principle are as follows: the electric furnace waste gas passes through the air inlet pipe and enters the pretreatment box, and the waste gas is separated initially under the action of cyclone separator, and the dust and impurities of large particle are separated out, enter the primary filter screen through the cyclone separator export, and the primary filter screen further filters out the fine dust and impurities, and the filtered waste gas enters the multistage filter box through the deflector. Multistage filter box is equipped with a plurality of filter units, and each filter unit comprises a filter core, a support frame and a connecting pipe, the filter core is internally provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer and a HEPA filter layer, the waste gas is deeply filtered through the multistage filter assembly, and the harmful gas and the tiny particulate matter in the waste gas are removed. The blowback device periodically blows back the multistage filter assembly through the blowback fan and the blowback pipe, prevents the filter core from being blocked, and guarantees the filtering effect. The filtered waste gas enters the cooling box, is cooled through the cooling coil and the cooling fan, and the cooled waste gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe. The detection device is arranged on the exhaust pipe, the detection device detects the harmful substance content in the exhaust gas, the control unit adjusts the blowback frequency of the blowback device and the rotating speed of the cooling fan according to the detection result, and the exhaust gas meets the environmental protection standard.

[0013] The utility model discloses a structure composition and realization principle are as follows: the electric furnace waste gas passes through the air inlet pipe and enters the pretreatment box, and the waste gas is separated initially under the action of cyclone separator, and the dust and impurities of large particle are separated out, enter the primary filter screen through the cyclone separator export, and the primary filter screen further filters out the fine dust and impurities, and the filtered waste gas enters the multistage filter box through the deflector. Multistage filter box is equipped with a plurality of filter units, and each filter unit comprises a filter core, a support frame and a connecting pipe, the filter core is internally provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer and a HEPA filter layer, the waste gas is deeply filtered through the multistage filter assembly, and the harmful gas and the tiny particulate matter in the waste gas are removed. The blowback device periodically blows back the multistage filter assembly through the blowback fan and the blowback pipe, prevents the filter core from being blocked, and guarantees the filtering effect. The filtered waste gas enters the cooling box, is cooled through the cooling coil and the cooling fan, and the cooled waste gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe. The detection device is arranged on the exhaust pipe, the detection device detects the harmful substance content in the exhaust gas, the control unit adjusts the blowback frequency of the blowback device and the rotating speed of the cooling fan according to the detection result, and the exhaust gas meets the environmental protection standard. ACCURACY OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is the whole schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 It is the internal structure schematic diagram of the pretreatment box of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 3 It is the internal structure schematic diagram of the multistage filter box of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 4 Structure diagram of the back flushing device of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 5 Structure diagram of the cooling box of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the discharge pipe and detection device of the utility model.

[0020] The reference signs are as follows:

[0021] 1, air inlet pipe; 2, pretreatment box; 3, multi-stage filter box; 4, cooling box; 5, discharge pipe; 6, cyclone separator; 7, primary filter screen; 8, flow guide plate; 9, multi-stage filter assembly; 10, back flushing device; 11, cooling coil; 12, cooling fan; 13, detection device; 14, cyclone separator main body; 15, cyclone separator outlet; 16, screen frame; 17, filter screen; 18, plate body; 19, flow guide groove; 20, primary filter unit; 21, secondary filter unit; 22, tertiary filter unit; 23, filter core; 24, support frame; 25, connecting pipe; 26, activated carbon adsorption layer; 27, HEPA filter layer; 28, support ring; 29, support rod; 30, back flushing fan; 31, back flushing pipe; 32, control valve; 33, electromagnetic valve; 34, controller; 35, sensor; 36, water inlet pipe; 37, water outlet pipe; 38, fan main body; 39, fan blade; 40, motor; 41, main pipe; 42, branch pipe; 43, detection box; 44, detection sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1The utility model provides a kind of integrated multi-stage filtering electric furnace waste gas purification device, including intake pipe 1, pretreatment box 2, multistage filter box 3, cooling box 4 and discharge pipe 5.Intake pipe 1 one end is connected with electric furnace waste gas outlet, and the other end is connected with the top of pretreatment box 2;Pretreatment box 2 includes box, cyclone 6 and primary filter screen 7, cyclone 6 is arranged in the upper portion inside box, and primary filter screen 7 is arranged below cyclone 6, and flow guide plate 8 is equipped below primary filter screen 7, and flow guide plate 8 is obliquely arranged, and its low end is connected with the gas inlet of multistage filter box 3;Multistage filter box 3 includes box, multistage filter assembly 9 and blowback device 10, and multistage filter assembly 9 includes several filter units, and each filter unit includes filter core 23, support frame 24 and connecting pipe 25, filter core 23 is cylindrical, and its inside is equipped with activated carbon adsorption layer 26 and HEPA filter layer 27, support frame 24 is fixed to the outside of filter core 23, one end of connecting pipe 25 is connected with support frame 24, and the other end is connected with the box of multistage filter box 3;Blowback device 10 includes blowback fan 30, blowback pipe 31 and control valve 32, blowback fan 30 is arranged outside multistage filter box 3, one end of blowback pipe 31 is connected with blowback fan 30, and the other end is connected with the box of multistage filter box 3, and control valve 32 is arranged on blowback pipe 31;Cooling box 4 includes box, cooling coil 11 and cooling fan 12, cooling coil 11 is arranged inside box, and cooling fan 12 is arranged outside box, and the gas inlet of cooling box 4 is connected with the gas outlet of multistage filter box 3, and the gas outlet of cooling box 4 is connected with discharge pipe 5.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 2 Cyclone 6 includes cyclone main body 14 and cyclone outlet 15, cyclone main body 14 is conical, and its top is connected with intake pipe 1, and cyclone outlet 15 is arranged at the bottom of cyclone main body 14, and cyclone outlet 15 is connected with primary filter screen 7.Primary filter screen 7 includes screen frame 16 and filter screen 17, screen frame 16 is fixed below cyclone outlet 15, and filter screen 17 is arranged inside screen frame 16, and filter screen 17 is made of stainless steel wire mesh.Flow guide plate 8 includes plate body 18 and flow guide groove 19, plate body 18 is obliquely arranged, and its high end is connected with primary filter screen 7, and low end is connected with the gas inlet of multistage filter box 3, and flow guide groove 19 is arranged on the surface of plate body 18, and flow guide groove 19 is V-shaped, and the number of flow guide groove 19 is multiple, and evenly distributed on the surface of plate body 18.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 3The multi-stage filter assembly 9 comprises a first-stage filter unit 20, a second-stage filter unit 21 and a third-stage filter unit 22, which are sequentially arranged inside the multi-stage filter box 3. The filter core 23 of the first-stage filter unit 20 is internally provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer 26. The filter core 23 of the second-stage filter unit 21 is internally provided with a HEPA filter layer 27. The filter core 23 of the third-stage filter unit 22 is internally provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer 26 and a HEPA filter layer 27. The support frame 24 comprises a support ring 28 and a support rod 29. The support ring 28 is fixed to the outside of the filter core 23. One end of the support rod 29 is connected with the support ring 28, and the other end is connected with the box body of the multi-stage filter box 3. The connecting pipe 25 comprises a main pipe 41 and a branch pipe 42. One end of the main pipe 41 is connected with the support ring 28, and the other end is connected with the box body of the multi-stage filter box 3. One end of the branch pipe 42 is connected with the main pipe 41, and the other end is connected with the backflush pipe 31.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 4 The backflush device 10 comprises a backflush fan 30, a backflush pipe 31 and a control valve 32. The backflush fan 30 is arranged outside the multi-stage filter box 3. One end of the backflush pipe 31 is connected with the backflush fan 30, and the other end is connected with the box body of the multi-stage filter box 3. The control valve 32 is arranged on the backflush pipe 31. The control valve 32 is an electromagnetic valve 33. The electromagnetic valve 33 is connected with a control unit. The control unit is arranged outside the multi-stage filter box 3. The control unit comprises a controller 34 and a sensor 35. The sensor 35 is arranged inside the multi-stage filter box 3. The sensor 35 is used for detecting the pressure difference inside the multi-stage filter box 3. The controller 34 controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 33 according to the pressure difference detected by the sensor 35. The backflush pipe 31 comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe. One end of the main pipe is connected with the backflush fan 30, and the other end is connected with the box body of the multi-stage filter box 3. One end of the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, and the other end is connected with the connecting pipe 25.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 5 The cooling box 4 comprises a box body, a cooling coil 11 and a cooling fan 12. The cooling coil 11 is arranged inside the box body. The cooling fan 12 is arranged outside the box body. The cooling coil 11 comprises a water inlet pipe 36 and a water outlet pipe 37. One end of the water inlet pipe 36 is connected with a cooling water inlet, and the other end is connected with the cooling coil 11. One end of the water outlet pipe 37 is connected with the cooling coil 11, and the other end is connected with a cooling water outlet. The cooling fan 12 comprises a fan body 38 and fan blades 39. The fan body 38 is arranged outside the box body. The fan blades 39 are arranged inside the fan body 38. The fan blades 39 are connected with a rotating shaft of the fan body 38. The rotating shaft of the fan body 38 is connected with a motor 40. The motor 40 is arranged outside the box body. The motor 40 is connected with the control unit. The control unit controls the rotating speed of the motor 40 according to the temperature detected by the sensor 35.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 6The exhaust pipe 5 includes a main pipe and a branch pipe. One end of the main pipe is connected with the air outlet of the cooling box 4, and the other end is connected with the exhaust port. One end of the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, and the other end is connected with the detection device 13. The detection device 13 includes a detection box 43 and a detection sensor 44. The detection box 43 is arranged outside the exhaust pipe 5, and the detection sensor 44 is arranged inside the detection box 43. The detection sensor 44 is used for detecting the harmful substance content in the exhaust gas. The detection sensor 44 is connected with the control unit. The control unit controls the back blowing frequency of the back blowing device 10 and the rotating speed of the cooling fan 12 according to the harmful substance content detected by the detection sensor 44.

[0029] The working principle is as follows:

[0030] 1. The exhaust gas of the electric furnace enters the pretreatment box 2 through the air inlet pipe 1 and is preliminarily separated under the action of the cyclone separator 6. The large particles of dust and impurities are separated out and enter the primary filter screen 7 through the cyclone separator outlet 15. The primary filter screen 7 further filters out small dust and impurities. The filtered exhaust gas enters the multi-stage filter box 3 through the guide plate 8.

[0031] 2. The multi-stage filter box 3 is internally provided with a plurality of filter units, including a first-stage filter unit 20, a second-stage filter unit 21 and a third-stage filter unit 22. The exhaust gas is deeply filtered through the multi-stage filter assembly 9. The filter core 23 of the first-stage filter unit 20 is internally provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer 26, which is mainly used for adsorbing harmful gases in the exhaust gas. The filter core 23 of the second-stage filter unit 21 is internally provided with an HEPA filter layer 27, which is mainly used for filtering small particulate matters. The filter core 23 of the third-stage filter unit 22 is internally provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer 26 and an HEPA filter layer 27, which further improves the filtering effect.

[0032] 3. The back blowing device 10 periodically back blows the multi-stage filter assembly 9 through the back blowing fan 30 and the back blowing pipe 31, so as to prevent the filter core 23 from being blocked and ensure the long-term stability of the filtering effect. The control unit controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 33 according to the pressure difference detected by the sensor 35, so as to realize automatic back blowing.

[0033] 4. The filtered exhaust gas enters the cooling box 4 and is cooled through the cooling coil 11 and the cooling fan 12. The cooled exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 5. The rotating speed of the cooling fan 12 is adjusted by the control unit according to the temperature detected by the sensor 35, so as to ensure the cooling effect.

[0034] 5. The detection device 13 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 5. The detection device 13 detects the harmful substance content in the exhaust gas. The control unit adjusts the back blowing frequency of the back blowing device 10 and the rotating speed of the cooling fan 12 according to the detection result, so as to ensure that the exhaust gas meets the environmental protection standards. Specific embodiments:

[0036] In the electric furnace production process, the exhaust gas generated enters the pretreatment box 2 through the air inlet pipe 1. The cyclone separator 6 separates large particles of dust and impurities, which fall into the primary filter screen 7 through the cyclone separator outlet 15, and the primary filter screen 7 further filters out fine dust and impurities. The filtered exhaust gas enters the multi-stage filter box 3 through the guide plate 8 and is subjected to deep filtration under the action of the multi-stage filter assembly 9. The activated carbon adsorption layer 26 of the first-stage filter unit 20 adsorbs harmful gases in the exhaust gas, the HEPA filter layer 27 of the second-stage filter unit 21 filters fine particulate matter, and the third-stage filter unit 22 further improves the filtration effect. The back blowing fan 30 of the back blowing device 10 periodically back blows the multi-stage filter assembly 9 through the back blowing pipe 31 to prevent the filter core 23 from being blocked. The cooled exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 5, and the detection device 13 detects the harmful substance content in the discharged gas in real time. The control unit adjusts the back blowing frequency and the rotating speed of the cooling fan 12 according to the detection result, so as to ensure that the discharged gas meets the environmental protection standard.

[0037] As used in the specification and claims, certain terminology is used to refer to specific components. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that different manufacturers can refer to the same component by different names. The specification and claims do not distinguish components on the basis of different names but rather on the basis of functional distinctions. As used throughout the specification and claims, "comprising" is a transitive word and is intended to be equivalent to "including", "containing", and "characterized by", "comprising" is an open-ended term that is intended to encompass both explicit and implicit described elements. "About" means within an acceptable error for the numbers used in the technical field, and the skilled person would understand that there is some flexibility in the numbers used in the technical field.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms "comprising", "including", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or process that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product or process. Without more limitations, the element defined by the phrase "comprising a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the product or process comprising the element.

[0039] The above description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present application, but as previously mentioned, the present application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and should not be considered as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the application conceived herein, by the above teachings or related art or knowledge. Any modification and change made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application shall be within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device, comprising an inlet pipe (1), a pretreatment box (2), a multi-stage filtration box (3), a cooling box (4), and an exhaust pipe (5), characterized in that: One end of the air inlet pipe (1) is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the electric furnace, and the other end is connected to the top of the pretreatment box (2); the pretreatment box (2) includes a box body, a cyclone separator (6) and a primary filter (7). The cyclone separator (6) is located in the upper part of the box body, and the primary filter (7) is located below the cyclone separator (6). A guide plate (8) is provided below the primary filter (7). The guide plate (8) is inclined and its lower end is connected to the air inlet of the multi-stage filter box (3); the multi-stage filter box (3) includes a box body, a multi-stage filter assembly (9) and a backflushing device (10). The multi-stage filter assembly (9) includes several filter units. Each filter unit includes a filter element (23), a support frame (24) and a connecting pipe (25). The filter element (23) is cylindrical and has an activated carbon adsorption layer (26) and a HEPA filter layer (27) inside. The support frame (25) is cylindrical and has an activated carbon adsorption layer (26) and a HEPA filter layer (27) inside. 4) Fixed to the outside of the filter element (23), one end of the connecting pipe (25) is connected to the support frame (24), and the other end is connected to the box body of the multi-stage filter box (3); the back-blowing device (10) includes a back-blowing blower (30), a back-blowing pipe (31) and a control valve (32). The back-blowing blower (30) is located outside the multi-stage filter box (3). One end of the back-blowing pipe (31) is connected to the back-blowing blower (30), and the other end is connected to the box body of the multi-stage filter box (3). The control valve (32) is located on the back-blowing pipe (31); the cooling box (4) includes a box body, a cooling coil (11) and a cooling fan (12). The cooling coil (11) is located inside the box body, and the cooling fan (12) is located outside the box body. The air inlet of the cooling box (4) is connected to the air outlet of the multi-stage filter box (3), and the air outlet of the cooling box (4) is connected to the discharge pipe (5).

2. The integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclone separator (6) includes a cyclone separator body (14) and a cyclone separator outlet (15). The cyclone separator body (14) is conical, and its top is connected to the air inlet pipe (1). The cyclone separator outlet (15) is located at the bottom of the cyclone separator body (14) and is connected to the primary filter (7).

3. The integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The primary filter (7) includes a frame (16) and a filter (17). The frame (16) is fixed below the outlet (15) of the cyclone separator, and the filter (17) is disposed inside the frame (16). The filter (17) is made of stainless steel wire mesh.

4. The integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate (8) includes a plate body (18) and a guide groove (19). The plate body (18) is inclined, with its high end connected to the primary filter (7) and its low end connected to the air inlet of the multi-stage filter box (3). The guide groove (19) is set on the surface of the plate body (18). The guide groove (19) is V-shaped. There are multiple guide grooves (19) that are evenly distributed on the surface of the plate body (18).

5. The integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage filtration assembly (9) includes a primary filtration unit (20), a secondary filtration unit (21), and a tertiary filtration unit (22). The primary filtration unit (20), the secondary filtration unit (21), and the tertiary filtration unit (22) are sequentially arranged inside the multi-stage filtration box (3). The filter element (23) of the primary filtration unit (20) is provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer (26). The filter element (23) of the secondary filtration unit (21) is provided with a HEPA filter layer (27). The filter element (23) of the tertiary filtration unit (22) is provided with an activated carbon adsorption layer (26) and a HEPA filter layer (27).

6. The integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support frame (24) includes a support ring (28) and a support rod (29). The support ring (28) is fixed to the outside of the filter element (23). One end of the support rod (29) is connected to the support ring (28), and the other end is connected to the housing of the multi-stage filter box (3). The connecting pipe (25) includes a main pipe (41) and a branch pipe (42). One end of the main pipe (41) is connected to the support ring (28), and the other end is connected to the housing of the multi-stage filter box (3). One end of the branch pipe (42) is connected to the main pipe (41), and the other end is connected to the backflush pipe (31).

7. The integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backflush device (10) includes a backflush blower (30), a backflush pipe (31), and a control valve (32). The backflush blower (30) is located outside the multi-stage filter box (3). One end of the backflush pipe (31) is connected to the backflush blower (30), and the other end is connected to the box body of the multi-stage filter box (3). The control valve (32) is located on the backflush pipe (31). The control valve (32) is a solenoid valve (33). The solenoid valve (33) is connected to the control unit. The control unit is located outside the multi-stage filter box (3). The control unit includes a controller (34) and a sensor (35). The sensor (35) is located inside the multi-stage filter box (3). The sensor (35) is used to detect the pressure difference inside the multi-stage filter box (3). The controller (34) controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve (33) according to the pressure difference detected by the sensor (35).

8. The integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling box (4) includes a box body, a cooling coil (11), and a cooling fan (12). The cooling coil (11) is located inside the box body, and the cooling fan (12) is located outside the box body. The cooling coil (11) includes an inlet pipe (36) and an outlet pipe (37). One end of the inlet pipe (36) is connected to the cooling water inlet, and the other end is connected to the cooling coil (11). One end of the outlet pipe (37) is connected to the cooling coil (11), and the other end is connected to the cooling water outlet. The cooling fan (12) The device includes a fan body (38) and fan blades (39). The fan body (38) is located outside the housing, and the fan blades (39) are located inside the fan body (38). The fan blades (39) are connected to the rotating shaft of the fan body (38). The rotating shaft of the fan body (38) is connected to a motor (40). The motor (40) is located outside the housing and is connected to a control unit. The control unit controls the rotation speed of the motor (40) according to the temperature detected by the sensor (35).

9. The integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge pipe (5) includes a main pipe and a branch pipe. One end of the main pipe is connected to the air outlet of the cooling box (4), and the other end is connected to the discharge port. One end of the branch pipe is connected to the main pipe, and the other end is connected to the detection device (13). The detection device (13) includes a detection box (43) and a detection sensor (44). The detection box (43) is located outside the discharge pipe (5), and the detection sensor (44) is located inside the detection box (43). The detection sensor (44) is used to detect the content of harmful substances in the discharged gas. The detection sensor (44) is connected to the control unit. The control unit controls the backflushing frequency of the backflushing device (10) and the rotation speed of the cooling fan (12) according to the content of harmful substances detected by the detection sensor (44).

10. The integrated multi-stage filtration electric furnace exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activated carbon adsorption layer (26) and the HEPA filter layer (27) inside the filter element (23) of the multi-stage filtration component (9) are arranged in sequence. The activated carbon adsorption layer (26) is used to adsorb harmful gases in the exhaust gas, and the HEPA filter layer (27) is used to filter fine particulate matter.

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