Waterproof and moistureproof composite structure suitable for underground engineering
By combining a hydrothermal reaction layer with shape memory metal pins, the problem of rapid repair after the failure of traditional waterproofing layers is solved, realizing the formation of automatic waterproofing barriers in underground engineering, reducing the time and resources required for manual intervention, and ensuring the continuity of waterproofing effect.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Traditional waterproofing technologies are prone to failure in underground engineering due to aging, cracks, or external pressure, leading to groundwater seepage. Existing repair methods are cumbersome and time-consuming, making it difficult to quickly form an effective backup waterproof barrier.
The innovative design employs a hydrothermal reaction layer, heat-conducting pillars, and shape memory metal pins. The hydrothermal reaction layer generates heat when water seeps in, activating the shape memory metal pins to deform and automatically release waterproof coating to fill the leak point, forming an emergency anti-permeability layer, thus achieving automatic repair without human intervention.
It responds quickly to groundwater infiltration, automatically triggering the repair process, reducing the time and resources required for traditional manual repairs, and ensuring the continuous waterproofing and moisture-proofing effect of underground projects.
Smart Images
Figure CN224078256U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waterproofing in underground engineering, specifically a waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure suitable for underground engineering. Background Technology
[0002] Underground engineering is widely used in modern architecture, transportation, energy, and other fields, encompassing various structures such as basements, underground tunnels, subways, and underground storage facilities. Due to the influence of moisture and groundwater in the underground environment, waterproofing and damp-proofing measures are crucial for the stability and safety of underground projects. While traditional waterproofing technologies can solve the waterproofing problems of underground projects to some extent, long-term use can lead to the failure of the waterproofing layer due to groundwater seepage, external pressure, and the aging of waterproofing materials. This poses a serious threat to the safety and durability of underground structures.
[0003] Especially during the use of underground engineering projects, waterproofing layers often age, crack, or suffer other damage due to factors such as changes in the natural environment and human activities. When the waterproofing layer fails, groundwater seeps in and damages the structure. Traditional waterproofing repair methods usually require large-scale manual intervention, which is cumbersome and time-consuming, and the repair effect may not meet expectations, easily leading to water leakage and structural damage.
[0004] Therefore, how to quickly and automatically form a backup waterproof barrier after the waterproof layer fails, so as to ensure the continuous waterproof effect of underground projects, has become an important issue in the current development of waterproof technology. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure suitable for underground engineering. Through innovative designs such as a hydrothermal reaction layer, heat-conducting columns, and shape-memory metal pins, it can automatically trigger the repair process when the first waterproof layer fails, quickly respond to the infiltration of groundwater, and promptly form a backup waterproof barrier, greatly reducing the time and resources required for traditional manual repairs.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure suitable for underground engineering, comprising a first waterproof layer, an emergency anti-permeability layer, and a second waterproof layer arranged sequentially from the bottom layer to the top layer, wherein:
[0007] The first waterproof layer includes a base layer, a moisture-proof vapor barrier layer, and an impermeable mortar layer. The base layer is an asphalt-based moisture-proof layer, and the moisture-proof vapor barrier layer is located between the base layer and the impermeable mortar layer. The asphalt-based moisture-proof layer provides basic moisture-proof effect.
[0008] An emergency anti-permeability layer is used to provide a backup waterproof barrier when the first waterproof layer fails due to aging, cracking, or external pressure. The emergency anti-permeability layer includes a hydrothermal reaction layer and a filling layer. The hydrothermal reaction layer is laid along the surface of the anti-permeability mortar layer and is a calcium chloride material layer or a water-absorbing polymer material that can produce a hydrothermal reaction. The filling layer is provided with a coating guide surface, an adhesive package, a support layer, heat-conducting columns, and shape memory metal pins. The support layer is supported between the second waterproof layer and the hydrothermal reaction layer, and heat-conducting columns pass through the inner side of the support layer.
[0009] The second waterproof layer includes a mortar layer and a waterproof finishing layer, wherein the mortar layer is laid on the support layer.
[0010] Preferably, the moisture-proof vapor barrier is composed of an aluminum foil vapor barrier film and a high-density polyethylene film bonded together. The moisture-proof vapor barrier ensures moisture protection and prevents water vapor penetration.
[0011] Preferably, the bottom end of the heat-conducting column extends into the hydrothermal reaction layer, and the outer side of the support layer is provided with a shape memory metal pin that connects with the heat-conducting column.
[0012] Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction layer contains calcium chloride or a hydrothermal reactive water-absorbing polymer, which can generate heat and trigger the entire emergency repair mechanism when water seeps in.
[0013] Preferably, the paint guiding surfaces are distributed on both sides of the support layer, and are inclined downwards from the outside towards the center of the support layer. Adhesive packs are placed on the paint guiding surfaces. This inclined arrangement of the paint guiding surfaces ensures that the paint in the adhesive packs can flow smoothly to the leak point in an emergency.
[0014] Preferably, the adhesive pack is adjacent to the top of the support layer, and the adhesive pack is pre-filled with waterproof coating or epoxy resin waterproof adhesive. When the first waterproof layer fails due to aging, cracks or external pressure, groundwater seeps into the hydrothermal reaction layer. The hydrothermal reaction layer will undergo a hydrothermal reaction and conduct heat to the shape memory metal pin through the heat conduction column. The shape memory metal pin will deform due to the heat and puncture the adhesive pack. At this time, the coating or waterproof adhesive in the adhesive pack fills the central leakage point along the coating guide surface. The adhesive pack will solidify and form in the emergency anti-permeability layer. At this time, the shape memory metal pin acts as a reinforcing rib on the inside of the adhesive pack, which enhances the strength of the emergency anti-permeability layer.
[0015] Preferably, a supporting mesh is installed inside the mortar layer, and a waterproof finishing layer is applied on top of the mortar layer. The waterproof finishing layer is a polyurethane coating or an acrylic coating. This combination of the mortar layer and the waterproof finishing layer provides not only physical protection but also aesthetic appeal and additional waterproofing.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0017] 1. This utility model, through innovative designs including a hydrothermal reaction layer, heat-conducting columns, and shape-memory metal pins, can automatically trigger a repair process when the first waterproof layer fails. After water seeps in, the hydrothermal reaction layer generates heat through a hydrothermal reaction, activating the deformation of the shape-memory metal pins, which then puncture the adhesive package, releasing waterproof coating or adhesive to fill the leak point, achieving automatic repair without manual intervention. This repair mechanism can quickly respond to groundwater infiltration, promptly forming a backup waterproof barrier, greatly reducing the time and resources required for traditional manual repairs.
[0018] 2. This utility model incorporates multiple layers of protection, including a first waterproof layer, an emergency anti-permeability layer, and a second waterproof layer, with each layer progressively enhancing the reliability of the waterproofing effect. When the first waterproof layer fails due to aging, cracks, or external pressure, the emergency anti-permeability layer immediately comes into play, forming a backup waterproof barrier to ensure continuous and stable waterproofing and moisture protection for underground projects. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrothermal reaction layer and the filling layer in the embodiment of this utility model;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the emergency anti-permeability layer when leakage occurs in the first waterproof layer.
[0023] In the diagram: 1. First waterproof layer; 11. Base layer; 12. Moisture-proof and vapor-barrier layer; 13. Impermeable mortar layer; 2. Emergency impermeable layer; 21. Hydrothermal reaction layer; 22. Filler layer; 221. Coating guide surface; 222. Adhesive pack; 223. Support layer; 224. Heat-conducting column; 225. Shape memory metal pin; 3. Second waterproof layer; 31. Facing mortar layer; 32. Waterproof finishing layer. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "up", "down", "horizontal", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0027] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 This utility model provides a technical solution: a waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure suitable for underground engineering, including a first waterproof layer 1, an emergency anti-permeability layer 2 and a second waterproof layer 3 arranged sequentially from the bottom layer to the top layer.
[0028] In this embodiment, the first waterproof layer 1 includes a base layer 11, a moisture-proof vapor barrier layer 12, and an impermeable mortar layer 13. The base layer 11 is an asphalt-based moisture-proof layer. The moisture-proof vapor barrier layer 12 is disposed between the base layer 11 and the impermeable mortar layer 13. The moisture-proof vapor barrier layer 12 is composed of an aluminum foil vapor barrier membrane and a high-density polyethylene membrane.
[0029] In this embodiment, the second waterproof layer 3 includes a face mortar layer 31 and a waterproof finishing layer 32. The face mortar layer 31 is laid on the support layer 223, and a support mesh is provided inside the face mortar layer 31. The waterproof finishing layer 32 is provided on the face mortar layer 31. The waterproof finishing layer 32 is a polyurethane coating or an acrylic coating.
[0030] In Example 1, the base layer 11 is the foundation of the entire waterproofing system, and its main function is to provide moisture protection. Using an asphalt-based moisture barrier effectively prevents groundwater infiltration and inhibits the rise of moisture. Asphalt-based materials have good waterproofing and weather resistance, and can stably resist moisture intrusion for a long time. The moisture-proof vapor barrier 12 mainly serves to isolate water vapor. This layer is located between the base layer 11 and the impermeable mortar layer 13, and can effectively prevent water vapor from penetrating into subsequent structural layers, avoiding moisture affecting the structure and increasing the humidity of the inner wall. The impermeable mortar layer 13 has high pressure resistance and abrasion resistance, effectively coping with moisture intrusion, and can also adapt to slight deformation or vibration of the structure without cracking, maintaining its waterproofing function.
[0031] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 2 This utility model provides a technical solution: a waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure suitable for underground engineering, including a first waterproof layer 1, an emergency anti-permeability layer 2 and a second waterproof layer 3 arranged sequentially from the bottom layer to the top layer.
[0032] Please see Figure 3 In this embodiment, the emergency anti-permeability layer 2 is used to provide a backup waterproof barrier when the first waterproof layer 1 fails due to aging, cracks, or external pressure. The emergency anti-permeability layer 2 includes a hydrothermal reaction layer 21 and a filling layer 22. The hydrothermal reaction layer 21 is laid along the surface of the anti-permeability mortar layer 13 and is a calcium chloride material layer or a water-absorbing polymer material that can produce a hydrothermal reaction. The filling layer 22 is provided with a coating guide surface 221, an adhesive pack 222, a support layer 223, a heat-conducting column 224, and a shape memory metal pin 225. The support layer 223 supports the second waterproof layer. Between the 3 and the hydrothermal reaction layer 21, a heat-conducting column 224 passes through the inner side of the support layer 223, with the bottom end of the heat-conducting column 224 extending into the hydrothermal reaction layer 21. A shape memory metal pin 225 connected to the heat-conducting column 224 is provided on the outer side of the support layer 223. The coating guide surface 221 is distributed on both sides of the support layer 223. The coating guide surface 221 is inclined downward from the outside towards the center of the support layer 223. An adhesive package 222 is provided on the coating guide surface 221. The adhesive package 222 is adjacent to the top of the support layer 223. The adhesive package 222 is pre-filled with waterproof coating or epoxy resin waterproof adhesive.
[0033] Please see Figure 4 When the first waterproof layer 1 fails due to aging, cracks, or external pressure, and groundwater seeps into the hydrothermal reaction layer 21, the hydrothermal reaction layer 21 absorbs water and initiates a hydrothermal reaction, releasing heat. The heat-conducting column 224 transfers this heat to the shape memory metal pin 225, which deforms and punctures the adhesive package 222. Once the adhesive package 222 is punctured, the waterproof coating or epoxy resin waterproof adhesive inside fills the leak point along the coating guide surface 221, repairing the damaged area. The waterproof material inside the adhesive package 222 will solidify and form a robust waterproof barrier, filling the leak point.
[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure suitable for underground engineering, comprising a first waterproof layer (1), an emergency anti-permeation layer (2) and a second waterproof layer (3) arranged in sequence from the bottom layer to the top layer, characterized in that: the first waterproof layer (1) comprises a base layer (11), a moisture-proof and vapor barrier layer (12) and an anti-permeation mortar layer (13), the base layer (11) is a bituminous moisture-proof layer, the moisture-proof and vapor barrier layer (12) is arranged between the base layer (11) and the anti-permeation mortar layer (13); the emergency anti-permeation layer (2) is used to provide a backup waterproof barrier when the first waterproof layer (1) fails due to aging, cracking or external pressure, the emergency anti-permeation layer (2) comprises a hydrothermal reaction layer (21) and a filling layer (22), wherein the hydrothermal reaction layer (21) is laid along the surface of the anti-permeation mortar layer (13), the hydrothermal reaction layer (21) is a calcium chloride material layer or a water-absorbing polymer material capable of generating a hydrothermal reaction; the filling layer (22) is provided with a paint guide surface (221), a glue bag (222), a support layer (223), a heat conducting column (224) and a shape memory metal pin (225), wherein the support layer (223) is supported between the second waterproof layer (3) and the hydrothermal reaction layer (21), and the heat conducting column (224) is inserted into the inside of the support layer (223); the second waterproof layer (3) comprises a face shield mortar layer (31) and a waterproof finish layer (32), wherein the face shield mortar layer (31) is laid on the support layer (223), and the face shield mortar layer (31) is provided with a support gauze.
2. The waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture-proof and vapor barrier layer (12) is composed of an aluminum foil vapor barrier film and a high-density polyethylene film connected in combination.
3. The waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the heat conducting column (224) extends into the hydrothermal reaction layer (21), and the outside of the support layer (223) is provided with a shape memory metal pin (225) connected with the heat conducting column (224).
4. The waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paint guide surface (221) is distributed on both sides of the support layer (223), and is arranged inclined downward from the outside to the center close to the support layer (223), and the glue bag (222) is arranged on the paint guide surface (221).
5. The waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glue bag (222) is adjacent to the top of the support layer (223), and the glue bag (222) is pre-filled with waterproof paint or epoxy resin waterproof glue.
6. The waterproof and moisture-proof composite structure for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof finish layer (32) is arranged on the face shield mortar layer (31), and the waterproof finish layer (32) is polyurethane paint or acrylic paint.