All-round heating stove

Abstract

The utility model relates to a heating stove, in particular to an all-round heating stove which comprises a coal and firewood combustion unit and a particle combustion unit, the coal and firewood combustion unit comprises stove teeth arranged at the bottom of the front section of a hearth, a stove door installed at the front end of the hearth and used for adding firewood or coal to the stove teeth, and an ash hopper arranged below the stove teeth. An air inlet is formed in a front baffle of the ash bucket; the particle combustion unit comprises a particle combustion bed which is positioned at the rear section of the hearth and is higher than the furnace teeth, an auger for conveying particle fuel from the outside of the hearth to the particle combustion bed, and an air blower for conveying oxygen from the outside of the hearth to the lower part of the particle combustion bed; a smoke outlet is formed in the rear upper part of the hearth and connected with a chimney or a heated brick bed; when firewood or coal is used as fuel, a channel between the auger and the air blower and the outside is closed. According to the utility model, the adaptability of fuel and the resource utilization rate are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to heating stoves, and more particularly to an all-purpose heating stove. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of heating equipment, the fuel compatibility of heating boilers directly affects their application scope and user experience. Existing technologies show significant limitations compared to coal-fired heating boilers. For example, the biomass fuel boiler disclosed in publication number CN119146429A, while achieving automatic slag removal during combustion by setting a slag discharge port and slag plate at the bottom of the combustion chamber and using a cylindrical cam to drive the slag discharge plate in reciprocating motion, effectively solving problems such as slag blocking ventilation holes and reverse fire spread, can only burn biomass pellets and a small amount of semi-coke pellets. In rural areas, woody fuel resources such as pruned branches and discarded fruit trees are abundant and inexpensive; this equipment cannot fully utilize these fuels, resulting in limitations in resource utilization.

[0003] While traditional coal-fired heating stoves can burn wood and coal, they lack automatic feeding systems, making it difficult to provide stable heating for extended periods at night. Users need to intervene frequently, otherwise the stove is prone to shutting off, which not only affects the heating effect but also increases the burden on users, failing to meet their needs for convenient and stable heating.

[0004] With the diversification of energy structures, multi-fuel compatible boilers, due to their adaptability to various fuels such as coal, wood, biomass pellets, and semi-coke pellets, are increasingly promising for use in rural households and suburban detached houses. These devices meet the practical needs of rural areas for low-cost and readily available fuels, while also satisfying the requirements of suburban detached houses for multifunctional and economical heating equipment. However, existing multi-fuel compatible boilers lack effective technical solutions in their structural design to address the differences in combustion characteristics of different fuels, resulting in room for improvement in the reliability, practicality, and ease of maintenance in diverse fuel environments. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the deficiencies or one of the deficiencies in existing technologies, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a versatile heating stove that can switch between different fuels at any time. To achieve the above objective, this utility model adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A versatile heating stove includes a coal and wood combustion unit and a pellet combustion unit. The coal and wood combustion unit includes furnace teeth located at the bottom of the front section of the furnace, a furnace door installed at the front of the furnace for adding wood or coal to the furnace teeth, an ash hopper located below the furnace teeth, and an air inlet on the front baffle of the ash hopper. The pellet combustion unit includes a pellet combustion bed located at the rear section of the furnace, higher than the furnace teeth, an auger for conveying pellet fuel from outside the furnace to the pellet combustion bed, and a blower for conveying oxygen from outside the furnace to the bottom of the pellet combustion bed. A flue gas outlet is located at the rear upper part of the furnace, connecting to a chimney or a heated brick bed. When wood or coal is used as fuel, the passage between the auger and the blower and the outside is sealed.

[0007] Furthermore, the auger and blower are sealed off from the outside world by a power-off self-isolating sealing mechanism, which includes...

[0008] The base plate is fixed to the feed hopper of the auger;

[0009] A fixed top plate is fixed above the fixed bottom plate;

[0010] An electric air valve actuator is fixed on the fixed top plate. Its output shaft gap passes through the fixed bottom plate and the fixed top plate and can rotate between 0° and 90°. Its "off signal" terminal is linked to the feed switch and / or fan switch of the pellet combustion unit through a relay.

[0011] The gear has its lower surface abutting against the upper surface of the fixed base plate and is connected to the output shaft of the electric air valve actuator to transmit torque.

[0012] The rack has its lower surface abutting against the upper surface of the fixed base plate and meshing with the gear;

[0013] The hopper baffle is fixed to the rack and inserted into the feed hopper of the pellet combustion unit to close or open the feed inlet;

[0014] An additional air inlet pipe is fixed at the air inlet of the blower of the pellet combustion unit;

[0015] The rotating shaft is mounted on the air inlet auxiliary pipe, and its upper end is connected to the output shaft of the electric air valve actuator to transmit torque.

[0016] The air inlet baffle is located inside the air inlet auxiliary pipe and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft.

[0017] Furthermore, both the material conveying switch and the fan switch are single-pole single-throw normally open contact switches. The live wire of the 220V AC power supply is connected to one end of the material conveying switch and the fan switch respectively. The other ends of the material conveying switch and the fan switch are connected in parallel to each other and then connected to the "valve open" terminal of the electric air valve actuator. The neutral wire of the power supply is directly connected to the "zero" terminal of the electric air valve actuator. When both the material conveying switch and the fan switch are open, the electric air valve actuator rotates to the closed angle. When the material conveying switch and / or the fan switch are closed, the "valve open" terminal of the electric air valve actuator receives an electrical signal, and the actuator rotates to the open angle.

[0018] Furthermore, both the material conveying switch and the fan switch are single-pole single-throw normally open contact switches; a double-pole double-throw relay is also selected, with the live wire of the 220V AC power supply connected to the common terminal of the double-pole double-throw relay. One set of normally open contacts of the double-pole double-throw relay is connected to the "valve open" terminal of the electric damper actuator, and one set of normally closed contacts is connected to the "valve closed" terminal of the electric damper actuator; the neutral wire of the 220V AC power supply is directly connected to the "neutral" terminal of the electric damper actuator; one end of the material conveying switch and the fan switch are connected to the 220V AC power supply. The neutral wire of the AC power supply, the other ends of the material conveying switch and the fan switch are connected in parallel to one end of the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay, and the other end of the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay is connected to the live wire of the 220V AC power supply. When both the material conveying switch and the fan switch are open, the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay is de-energized, its normally closed contact closes, and the electric air valve actuator rotates to the closed angle. When the material conveying switch and / or the fan switch is closed, the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay is energized, its normally open contact closes, and the electric air valve actuator rotates to the open angle.

[0019] Furthermore, the thickness of the rack is not less than the thickness of the gear, the hopper baffle is stacked on the rack, and the hopper baffle is spot-welded to the rack through two or more through holes.

[0020] Furthermore, a guide groove is made along the length of the rack, the head of the limiting pin abuts against the upper surface of the rack, and the rod of the limiting pin passes through the guide groove and is screwed to the fixed base plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the output shaft of the electric damper actuator has a square cross-section, and a square hole is provided in the center of the gear, through which torque is transmitted.

[0022] Furthermore, the air inlet auxiliary pipe is cylindrical, and the air inlet baffle is circular; the diameter of the air inlet baffle is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the air inlet auxiliary pipe, and the axis of the rotating shaft passes perpendicularly through the center of the air inlet baffle; the output shaft of the electric air valve actuator is connected to the rotating shaft through a universal coupling.

[0023] Furthermore, through holes are provided on the feed hopper, the outline shape of which is adapted to the combined cross-sectional shape of the rack and hopper baffle; the through holes away from the gears are sealed by a sealing plate welded to the outside of the feed hopper.

[0024] Furthermore, the furnace is formed by a single or double furnace wall enclosure. When the furnace adopts a double furnace wall enclosure structure, a sealed cavity is formed between the two furnace walls. The cavity is filled with water as a heat exchange medium. During the operation of the heating boiler, the heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the furnace is transferred to the water in the double furnace wall through heat conduction and heat radiation, causing the water to heat up. The heated water circulates between the cavity and the radiator through the pipeline system by natural convection or the power of a circulation pump.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0026] 1. Achieving multi-fuel compatibility: This utility model of an all-purpose heating stove is equipped with a coal and wood combustion unit and a pellet combustion unit, which can burn multiple fuels such as wood, coal, and biomass pellets respectively. It can make full use of wood fuel resources such as pruned branches and discarded fruit trees in rural areas, as well as fuels such as coal and biomass pellets. It solves the limitation of existing biomass fuel stoves that cannot make full use of wood fuel resources, and the problem of traditional coal-fired heating stoves lacking an automatic feeding system. It meets the needs of different users for different fuels and improves fuel adaptability and resource utilization.

[0027] 2. Flexible fuel switching: When firewood or coal is required as fuel, the auger and blower can be closed to the outside, and the coal and firewood combustion unit can be used for combustion; when pellet fuel is required, the auger delivers the pellet fuel and the blower delivers the oxygen, and the pellet combustion unit is used for combustion, realizing the ability to switch between different fuels at any time, making it more flexible and convenient to use.

[0028] 3. Stable heating at night: The pellet combustion unit is equipped with an auger and a blower, which can realize automatic feeding and oxygen supply. Compared with traditional coal-fired heating boilers that lack an automatic feeding system, it can achieve long-term stable heating without frequent manual intervention at night, meeting users' needs for convenient and stable heating and reducing the burden on users.

[0029] 4. Reasonable structure and convenient maintenance: The coal and firewood combustion unit is equipped with furnace teeth, furnace door, ash hopper and air inlet, while the pellet combustion unit is equipped with pellet combustion bed, screw conveyor and blower. The overall structure is reasonably designed, the different combustion units have clear division of labor, and the structure of each part is relatively simple, which facilitates later maintenance and repair, and improves the practicality and maintenance convenience of the equipment in diversified fuel environments.

[0030] 5. Wide range of applications: The multi-fuel compatibility of this all-purpose heating boiler can meet the actual needs of rural areas for low cost and easy access to fuel, and also meet the requirements of suburban detached houses for multi-functional and economical heating equipment, thus expanding the scope of application of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram showing the concealed portion of the furnace wall enclosure structure of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power-off self-isolation and sealing mechanism of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the self-isolation and sealing mechanism upon power failure of this utility model from another perspective.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gear, rack, and hopper baffle in the power-off self-isolation sealing mechanism of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feed hopper of the particle combustion unit of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1-6 The illustrated all-purpose heating stove includes a coal and wood combustion unit 100 and a pellet combustion unit 200. The coal and wood combustion unit includes a furnace tooth 101 located at the bottom of the front section of the furnace, a furnace door 102 installed at the front of the furnace for adding firewood or coal to the furnace tooth 101, an ash hopper 103 located below the furnace tooth 101, and an air inlet 104 opened on the front baffle of the ash hopper 103. The pellet combustion unit 200 includes a pellet combustion bed 201 located in the rear section of the furnace, higher than the furnace tooth 101, an auger 202 for conveying pellet fuel from outside the furnace to the pellet combustion bed 201, and a blower 203 for conveying oxygen from outside the furnace to the pellet combustion bed 201. A flue gas outlet is opened at the rear upper part of the furnace to connect to a chimney or a heated brick bed. When firewood or coal is used as fuel, the passage between the auger 202 and the blower 203 and the outside is sealed.

[0039] I. Overall Structural Zoning and Functional Positioning

[0040] The heating stove is divided into a coal / firewood combustion unit (front zone) and a pellet combustion unit (rear zone). Physical separation is achieved through the height difference within the furnace (the pellet combustion bed is higher than the furnace teeth), ensuring independent combustion zones for the two fuels and preventing mutual interference. The flue gas outlet is located at the upper rear of the furnace and connects to a chimney or heated brick bed to achieve both flue gas emission and heat utilization.

[0041] II. Working principle of coal / diesel combustion mode (diesel / coal fuel)

[0042] 1. Fuel addition and combustion zone

[0043] Users add firewood or coal to the furnace teeth 101 through the furnace door 102. The fuel accumulates on the furnace teeth, and the ash and slag after combustion can fall through the gaps between the furnace teeth into the ash hopper 103 below for easy cleaning.

[0044] The air inlet 104 of the ash hopper front baffle below the furnace teeth provides the air required for combustion. The air enters from below the fuel, forming a "bottom air intake", which promotes the complete combustion of diesel / coal.

[0045] 2. Air circulation and combustion control

[0046] The air volume at the air inlet 104 can be adjusted by a baffle or natural ventilation to meet the combustion requirements of different fuels (such as wood, which has a high oxygen requirement).

[0047] The heat generated by combustion is transferred through radiation from the furnace wall and convection of flue gas. The flue gas is discharged to the chimney or kang (heated brick bed) through the flue gas outlet at the rear and top.

[0048] 3. Enclosed mechanism of particulate combustion unit

[0049] When burning firewood / coal, the feed inlet of auger 202 and the oxygen supply channel of blower 203 are sealed by valves or sealing structures to prevent heat leakage in the furnace or backflow of cold air from the outside, thus ensuring the combustion efficiency of firewood / coal.

[0050] III. Working principle of pellet combustion mode (biomass pellets / semi-coke pellets)

[0051] 1. Automatic feeding and combustion zone

[0052] The screw conveyor 202 automatically transports pellet fuel from outside the furnace to the pellet combustion bed 201. The combustion bed is positioned higher than the furnace teeth 101, forming a "high-level combustion zone" to prevent the pellet fuel from mixing with the ash and slag of the coal and wood combustion unit below.

[0053] Pellet fuel accumulates on the combustion bed, and blower 203 forces air from below the combustion bed to provide sufficient oxygen to meet the high-efficiency combustion requirements of pellet fuel (which typically has a stable oxygen demand).

[0054] 2. Adaptation of aerodynamic and combustion characteristics

[0055] The forced oxygen supply of blower 203 can be adjusted by speed regulation (such as frequency conversion control) to match the combustion rate of different particulate fuels and ensure stable combustion.

[0056] The heat generated by the combustion of pellet fuel is also transferred through furnace radiation and flue gas, mixed with the heat from the combustion of coal and firewood in the furnace, and discharged uniformly through the flue gas outlet.

[0057] 3. Idle state of coal and diesel combustion unit

[0058] When burning pellets, the furnace door 102 can be closed or kept sealed, and the ash after combustion can also fall into the ash hopper 103 through the furnace teeth 101. The front side of the furnace exists as an independent space and does not affect the aerodynamic field of pellet combustion.

[0059] IV. Fuel Switching Mechanism and Core Control Logic

[0060] 1. Mode switching operation

[0061] Switch to coal / firewood mode: turn off the auger power, stop the blower, manually or automatically seal the auger feed inlet and blower outlet to ensure the pellet unit is isolated from the outside; open the furnace door to add firewood / coal, and adjust the air volume through the air inlet 104.

[0062] Switch to pellet mode: Start the auger (to deliver pellets at a preset frequency) and the blower (to supply oxygen at a set air volume), and at the same time close the furnace door and the air inlet 104 baffle (or keep it naturally sealed) to prevent air leakage from the coal and firewood unit from affecting the pellet combustion efficiency.

[0063] 2. Safety and efficiency assurance

[0064] The two modes are completely isolated through physical enclosure and equipment start-stop to prevent mutual interference between the air volume and temperature field required for the combustion of different fuels.

[0065] The flue gas outlet at the rear top of the furnace serves as a unified exhaust channel. Regardless of the mode, the flue gas must flow through the rear half of the furnace (the particle combustion bed area) to ensure full utilization of heat and avoid local overheating or heat waste.

[0066] V. Heat Output and Application Scenarios Adaptation

[0067] Direct heating: When flue gas is discharged through the chimney, the heat from the furnace wall is directly radiated into the room, which is suitable for heating small spaces.

[0068] Indirect heating: The heating boiler adopts a double-wall structure, with a sealed cavity formed between the inner and outer walls. The cavity is filled with water as the heat exchange medium. The top of the cavity has an inlet and the bottom has an outlet (or vice versa). It is connected to external radiators (such as radiators or underfloor heating coils) through pipes to form a closed-loop system.

[0069] Heating with kang (heated brick bed): The flue is connected to the kang flue, and the flue gas flows in a meandering manner inside the kang, conducting heat through the kang body to meet the heating needs of rural or suburban residences and improve thermal efficiency.

[0070] Multi-fuel complementarity: During the day, low-cost firewood / coal can be used (manual feeding), and at night it can be switched to pellet mode (automatic feeding and oxygen supply), realizing a combination of "manual + automatic" to balance economy and stability.

[0071] VI. Core Technological Advantages and Supporting Principles

[0072] 1. Zoned combustion and independent control: By using the furnace height difference and physical enclosure structure, the differences in combustion characteristics (such as feeding method and oxygen demand) of different fuels (block / granular) are solved, realizing "one furnace for multiple uses".

[0073] 2. Automatic feeding and forced oxygen supply: The combination of auger and blower in the pellet unit replaces the manual intervention of traditional coal-fired stoves, ensuring stable combustion for a long time at night and reducing the burden on users.

[0074] 3. Efficient use of resources: Coal and firewood units utilize rural waste wood (low cost), while pellet units are compatible with commercial fuels (such as biomass pellets), meeting diversified energy needs and reducing resource waste.

[0075] Based on the above principles, this heating boiler enables flexible switching between fuel type, combustion method, and heating scenario, taking into account convenience, economy, and stability, and effectively solving problems such as poor single fuel compatibility and frequent manual intervention in existing technologies.

[0076] In another preferred embodiment, the passage between the auger 202 and the blower 203 and the outside world is sealed by a power-off self-isolating sealing mechanism 300, the power-off self-isolating sealing mechanism 300 including...

[0077] The base plate 301 is fixed on the feed hopper 2021 of the auger 202;

[0078] The top plate 302 is fixed above the bottom plate 301;

[0079] The electric air valve actuator 303 is fixed on the fixed top plate 302. Its output shaft gap passes through the fixed bottom plate 301 and the fixed top plate 302 and can rotate between 0° and 90°. Its "off signal" terminal is linked to the feed switch and / or fan switch of the pellet combustion unit 200 through a relay.

[0080] Gear 304, the lower surface of which abuts against the upper surface of the fixed base plate 301, and is connected to the output shaft of the electric air valve actuator 303 to transmit torque;

[0081] The rack 305 has its lower surface abutting against the upper surface of the fixed base plate 301 and meshing with the gear 304;

[0082] The hopper baffle 306 is fixedly connected to the rack 305 and inserted into the feed hopper 2021 of the pellet combustion unit 200 to close or open the feed inlet;

[0083] An additional air inlet pipe 307 is fixed at the air inlet of the blower 203 of the pellet combustion unit 200;

[0084] The rotating shaft 308 is mounted on the air inlet auxiliary pipe 307, and its upper end is connected to the output shaft of the electric air valve actuator 303 to transmit torque.

[0085] The air inlet baffle 309 is located inside the air inlet auxiliary pipe 307 and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 308.

[0086] Work process:

[0087] Under normal conditions, when the pellet combustion unit is running, the feed switch and blower switch remain closed, the electric air valve actuator does not receive a closing signal, and its output shaft is at its initial angle. At this time, the meshing of the gear and rack positions the hopper baffle outside the feed hopper, opening the feed inlet, allowing pellet fuel to be normally conveyed through the feed system; simultaneously, the air inlet baffle is parallel to the axis of the air inlet auxiliary pipe, ensuring unobstructed airflow at the blower inlet and meeting the blowing conditions required for pellet combustion.

[0088] When the pellet combustion unit needs to be stopped (e.g., switching to the coal / diesel combustion unit or power failure), the feed switch and / or blower switch are disconnected, triggering the electric air valve actuator via a relay, causing the output shaft to rotate 90°. This rotation, driven by a rack and pinion mechanism, causes the hopper baffle to slide linearly and insert into the feed hopper, completely blocking the feed inlet and preventing pellets from falling and external airflow from passing through the feed channel. Simultaneously, the output shaft, via a rotating shaft, synchronously rotates the air inlet baffle 90°, bringing it perpendicular to the inner wall of the air inlet auxiliary pipe, cutting off the airflow path at the blower inlet. The actuator output shaft remains locked after rotating to its designated position, maintaining the closed state of both channels. When the pellet combustion unit resumes operation, the switch closes again, the actuator rotates in the opposite direction to reset, and the feed inlet and air inlet reopen.

[0089] Through the synchronous drive of the electric damper actuator, the hopper baffle and the air inlet baffle are linked to open and close, ensuring that the feed inlet of the pellet combustion unit and the air inlet of the blower are closed simultaneously when the unit stops operating. This design directly blocks the path of high-temperature flue gas flowing back from the feed inlet into the coal combustion space, and also prevents outside air from abnormally entering through the blower air inlet, creating a stable combustion environment for the coal combustion unit so that it can maintain efficient combustion without relying on additional airflow control.

[0090] The mechanical transmission structure of gears, racks, and shafts precisely converts the actuator's rotational motion into linear sliding and rotational movements, ensuring stable transmission and accurate positioning. The fixed base and top plates provide rigid support for the transmission components, reducing the risk of component swaying or jamming, and ensuring that the hopper baffle and air inlet baffle maintain a reliable closed and open state during frequent switching, avoiding seal failure due to mechanical errors.

[0091] The fitted design of the air inlet auxiliary pipe and baffle, and the plug-in structure of the hopper baffle and feed hopper, achieve a tight seal of the channel at the physical level. This targeted structural design effectively reduces flue gas leakage and air infiltration. Combined with automated control logic, it ensures that the pellet combustion unit is completely isolated when not in operation, indirectly improving the stability and fuel utilization of the coal combustion process, and reducing energy waste and pollutant emissions caused by airflow interference.

[0092] In another preferred embodiment, both the material conveying switch and the fan switch are single-pole single-throw normally open contact switches. The live wire of the 220V AC power supply is connected to one end of both the material conveying switch and the fan switch. The other ends of the material conveying switch and the fan switch are connected in parallel and then connected to the "valve open" terminal of the electric damper actuator 303. The neutral wire of the power supply is directly connected to the "zero" terminal of the electric damper actuator 303. When both the material conveying switch and the fan switch are open, the electric damper actuator 303 rotates to the closed angle. When the material conveying switch and / or the fan switch are closed, the "valve open" terminal of the electric damper actuator 303 receives an electrical signal, and the actuator rotates to the open angle. The circuit structure of this embodiment is relatively straightforward. The live wire of the 220V AC power supply is connected to both the material conveying switch and the fan switch. The other ends of both are connected in parallel and then directly connected to the "valve open" terminal of the electric damper actuator. The neutral wire is directly connected to the "zero" terminal. This simple connection method reduces the number of components in the circuit, reduces the complexity of the circuit, and makes installation and maintenance more convenient. For applications with low circuit requirements and a focus on simplicity, this simple circuit structure can effectively reduce costs and the probability of failure. When both the material conveyor switch and the fan switch are open, the electric damper actuator can directly rotate to the closed angle; when the material conveyor switch and / or the fan switch are closed, the "valve open" terminal directly receives an electrical signal, and the actuator immediately rotates to the open angle. This direct response method makes the control process more intuitive, enabling rapid control of the electric damper actuator's opening and closing based on the operating status of the material conveyor and fan, thus improving the system's real-time performance and control efficiency.

[0093] In another preferred embodiment, both the material conveying switch and the fan switch are single-pole single-throw normally open contact switches; a double-pole double-throw relay is also selected, with the live wire of the 220V AC power supply connected to the common terminal of the double-pole double-throw relay. One set of normally open contacts of the double-pole double-throw relay is connected to the "valve open" terminal of the electric damper actuator 303, and one set of normally closed contacts is connected to the "valve closed" terminal of the electric damper actuator 303; the neutral wire of the 220V AC power supply is directly connected to the "neutral" terminal of the electric damper actuator 303; one end of the material conveying switch and the fan switch are connected together to... The neutral wire of the 220V AC power supply is connected to the ground wire. The other ends of the material conveying switch and the fan switch are connected in parallel to one end of the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay. The other end of the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay is connected to the live wire of the 220V AC power supply. When both the material conveying switch and the fan switch are open, the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay is de-energized, its normally closed contact closes, and the electric damper actuator 303 rotates to the closed angle. When the material conveying switch and / or the fan switch is closed, the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay is energized, its normally open contact closes, and the electric damper actuator 303 rotates to the open angle. The double-pole double-throw relay is introduced, and its normally open and normally closed contacts are used to control the "valve open" and "valve closed" terminals of the electric damper actuator. The relay has good electrical isolation performance, which can effectively avoid the influence of interference signals in the circuit on the electric damper actuator, improving the stability of the circuit. At the same time, the relay contacts can withstand larger currents and voltages, which can better protect the actuator and circuit compared to directly using a switch to control the actuator, extending the service life of the equipment.

[0094] By connecting the relay coil to the feed switch and blower switch, more flexible logic control of the electric air valve actuator is achieved. The linkage logic between the relay and the feed and blower switches enables the sealing mechanism to automatically trigger. Whether the pellet combustion unit stops due to active fuel type switching or a sudden power outage, the actuator can automatically complete the sealing via a preset signal, eliminating the need for manual operation. This solves the problems of easy oversight and cumbersome operation associated with traditional manual valves, making it particularly suitable for unattended scenarios where the coal and diesel combustion unit operates continuously at night. The relay also plays a protective role in the circuit. When overloads, short circuits, or other abnormal conditions occur, the relay can promptly cut off the circuit, preventing damage to the electric air valve actuator and other equipment, thereby improving the safety of the entire system. Furthermore, the use of relays reduces the risk of operators directly contacting high-voltage circuits, ensuring their personal safety.

[0095] In another preferred embodiment, the thickness of the rack 305 is not less than the thickness of the gear 304. The hopper baffle 306 is stacked on top of the rack 305, and the hopper baffle 306 is spot-welded to the rack 305 via two or more through holes 3061. The design of the hopper baffle, with a thickness not less than the gear, stacked on top of the rack and spot-welded through multiple through holes, strengthens the mechanical connection between the two. The stacked structure makes the hopper baffle and the rack a rigid whole, which can stably transmit the reciprocating driving force during gear and rack transmission, preventing the baffle from loosening or falling off due to long-term high-frequency sliding. Multiple weld points disperse the shear stress during movement, reducing the stress concentration problem at single weld points and effectively improving the durability of the connection. Simultaneously, the rigid connection ensures that the hopper baffle maintains a vertical posture when inserted into the feed hopper, tightly fitting the inner wall of the feed inlet, avoiding incomplete sealing due to deformation or displacement, and structurally guaranteeing the sealing effect of the feed inlet.

[0096] In another preferred embodiment, a guide groove 3051 is formed along the length of the rack 305. The head of the limiting pin 310 abuts against the upper surface of the rack 305, and the rod of the limiting pin 310 passes through the guide groove 3051 and is screwed to the fixed base plate 301. The guide groove formed along the length of the rack, in conjunction with the limiting pin, provides precise guiding constraint for the linear movement of the rack. The head of the limiting pin abuts against the upper surface of the rack, and the rod passes through the guide groove and is screwed to the fixed base plate. This structure restricts the lateral displacement of the rack, allowing it to slide only along the direction of the guide groove, thus avoiding transmission errors or jamming caused by rack wobble during gear and rack meshing. The clearance fit between the guide groove and the rod of the limiting pin allows the rack to compensate for machining errors or deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction within a small range. This ensures smooth movement and provides adjustable installation accuracy through the screw connection, facilitating on-site adjustment of the rack's sliding stroke according to actual working conditions, ensuring that the hopper baffle is accurately inserted into the feed inlet for complete closure.

[0097] In another preferred embodiment, the output shaft of the electric damper actuator 303 has a square cross-section, and the gear 304 has a square hole 3041 at its center. Torque is transmitted through the contact surfaces of the two. The square output shaft of the electric damper actuator directly engages with the square hole at the center of the gear to transmit torque, eliminating the need for additional keys or fasteners, simplifying the assembly process and improving transmission reliability. The surface contact design of the square cross-section makes torque transmission more uniform, and compared with traditional keyed connections, it can withstand greater instantaneous loads, avoid stress concentration problems at keyways, and reduce the risk of shaft or gear breakage. The strictly matched profiles ensure that the actuator output shaft and gear rotate synchronously without freewheeling or slippage, allowing the actuator's 0°-90° angle switching action to be accurately transmitted to the gear and rack mechanism and the rotating shaft baffle mechanism, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the closure mechanism's response.

[0098] In another preferred embodiment, the air inlet auxiliary pipe 307 is cylindrical, and the air inlet baffle 309 is plate-shaped. The diameter of the air inlet baffle 309 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the air inlet auxiliary pipe 307, and the axis of the rotating shaft 308 perpendicularly passes through the center of the air inlet baffle 309. The output shaft of the electric air valve actuator 303 is connected to the rotating shaft 308 via a universal coupling 311. The air inlet auxiliary pipe is cylindrical, and the diameter of the inner plate-shaped air inlet baffle is slightly smaller than the pipe diameter. The axis of the rotating shaft perpendicularly passes through the center of the baffle. This design ensures that the edge of the baffle fits evenly against the pipe wall when closed, maximizing the sealing contact area, effectively reducing air leakage gaps, and improving the sealing performance of the air inlet. The symmetrical structure of the circular cross-section ensures that the baffle is subjected to uniform force during rotation, making the movement more stable and avoiding jamming or wear caused by eccentric rotation. The universal coupling between the electric damper actuator and the rotating shaft allows for a certain angular deviation during installation, compensating for coaxiality errors common in industrial environments and improving the structure's fault tolerance. The flexible coupling also absorbs vibrations during transmission, reducing stress impacts on the actuator's internal gearbox and extending the equipment's service life.

[0099] In another preferred embodiment, a through-hole 2022 is formed on the feed hopper 2021. The outline shape of the through-hole 2022 is adapted to the combined cross-sectional shape of the rack 305 and the hopper baffle 306. The through-hole 2022 away from the gear 304 is sealed by a sealing plate welded to the outside of the feed hopper 2021. The through-hole outline on the feed hopper is adapted to the combined cross-sectional shape of the rack and the hopper baffle, ensuring that both fit tightly against the feed hopper wall during sliding. The customized outline design avoids interference between the moving parts and the inner wall of the hopper, ensuring smooth sliding of the baffle driven by the rack. The end of the through-hole away from the gear is sealed by a welded sealing plate, which not only enhances the structural strength of the feed hopper but also forms a complete sealing structure, ensuring that the hopper baffle only performs the opening and closing function on the feed inlet side, maintaining the airtightness inside the pellet combustion unit, and blocking the possibility of flue gas leakage or air infiltration from the source.

[0100] In another preferred embodiment, the furnace is formed by a single or double-layer furnace wall. When the furnace adopts a double-layer furnace wall structure, a sealed cavity is formed between the two layers of furnace walls, and the cavity is filled with water as a heat exchange medium. During the operation of the heating boiler, the heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the furnace is transferred to the water in the double-layer furnace wall through heat conduction and heat radiation, causing the water to heat up. The heated hot water circulates between the cavity and the radiator through the pipeline system by natural convection or the power of a circulation pump. The double-layer furnace wall increases the heating area, and the high specific heat capacity of the water medium enhances the heat storage capacity. Compared with direct combustion and flue gas exhaust, the thermal efficiency is increased by 15%-20%. Indirect heating avoids flue gas entering the circulation system, reducing the blockage and corrosion of pipes by dust and sulfides. The water temperature fluctuates less, and the room temperature control is more precise, which is superior to the "intermittent strong heat" mode of traditional coal-fired boilers. The cavity is made of corrosion-resistant materials (such as enamel and stainless steel), and scale inhibitors can be added to the water circulation system to reduce scale buildup. Combined with the automatic feeding of the pellet combustion unit, it achieves "fully automatic water heating" without the need for frequent manual intervention.

[0101] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A versatile heating stove, characterized in that, The furnace includes a coal and firewood combustion unit (100) and a pellet combustion unit (200). The coal and firewood combustion unit includes a furnace tooth (101) located at the bottom of the front section of the furnace, a furnace door (102) installed at the front of the furnace for adding firewood or coal to the furnace tooth (101), an ash hopper (103) located below the furnace tooth (101), and an air inlet (104) opened on the front baffle of the ash hopper (103). The pellet combustion unit (200) includes a pellet combustion bed (201) located in the rear section of the furnace, which is higher than the furnace tooth (101), an auger (202) for conveying pellet fuel from outside the furnace to the pellet combustion bed (201), and a blower (203) for conveying oxygen from outside the furnace to the pellet combustion bed (201). A flue gas outlet is opened at the rear upper part of the furnace to connect to a chimney or a fire pit. When firewood or coal is used as fuel, the passage between the auger (202) and the blower (203) and the outside is closed.

2. The all-purpose heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auger (202) and blower (203) are sealed off from the outside world by a power-off self-isolating sealing mechanism (300), which includes... A fixed base plate (301) is fixed on the feed hopper (2021) of the auger (202); A fixed top plate (302) is fixed above the fixed bottom plate (301); An electric air valve actuator (303) is fixed on the fixed top plate (302). Its output shaft gap passes through the fixed bottom plate (301) and the fixed top plate (302) and can rotate between 0° and 90°. Its "off signal" terminal is linked to the feed switch and / or fan switch of the pellet combustion unit (200) through a relay. The gear (304) has its lower surface abutting against the upper surface of the fixed base plate (301) and is connected to the output shaft of the electric air valve actuator (303) to transmit torque; The rack (305) has its lower surface abutting against the upper surface of the fixed base plate (301) and meshing with the gear (304); The hopper baffle (306) is fixedly connected to the rack (305) and inserted into the feed hopper (2021) of the pellet combustion unit (200) to close or open the feed inlet; An additional air inlet pipe (307) is fixed at the air inlet of the blower (203) of the pellet combustion unit (200); The rotating shaft (308) is mounted on the air inlet auxiliary pipe (307), and its upper end is connected to the output shaft of the electric air valve actuator (303) to transmit torque; The air inlet baffle (309) is located inside the air inlet auxiliary pipe (307) and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (308).

3. The all-purpose heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material conveying switch and the fan switch are both single-pole single-throw normally open contact switches. The live wire of the 220V AC power supply is connected to one end of the material conveying switch and the fan switch respectively. The other ends of the material conveying switch and the fan switch are connected in parallel to the "valve open" terminal of the electric air valve actuator (303). The neutral wire of the power supply is directly connected to the "zero" terminal of the electric air valve actuator (303). When both the material conveying switch and the fan switch are open, the electric air valve actuator (303) rotates to the closed angle. When the material conveying switch and / or the fan switch are closed, the "valve open" terminal of the electric air valve actuator (303) receives an electrical signal, and the actuator rotates to the open angle.

4. The all-purpose heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material conveying switch and the fan switch are both single-pole single-throw normally open contact switches; a double-pole double-throw relay is also selected, with the live wire of the 220V AC power supply connected to the common terminal of the double-pole double-throw relay. One set of normally open contacts of the double-pole double-throw relay is connected to the "valve open" terminal of the electric air valve actuator (303), and one set of normally closed contacts is connected to the "valve closed" terminal of the electric air valve actuator (303); the neutral wire of the 220V AC power supply is directly connected to the "neutral" terminal of the electric air valve actuator (303); one end of the material conveying switch and the fan switch are connected to the 220V AC power supply. The neutral wire of the AC power supply, the other end of the material conveying switch and the fan switch are connected in parallel to one end of the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay, and the other end of the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay is connected to the live wire of the 220V AC power supply; when the material conveying switch and the fan switch are both open, the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay is de-energized, its normally closed contact is closed, and the electric air valve actuator (303) rotates to the closed angle; when the material conveying switch and / or the fan switch is closed, the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay is energized, its normally open contact is closed, and the electric air valve actuator (303) rotates to the open angle.

5. The all-purpose heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the rack (305) is not less than the thickness of the gear (304), the hopper baffle (306) is stacked on the rack (305), and the hopper baffle (306) is spot welded to the rack (305) by means of two or more through holes (3061) opened on it.

6. The all-purpose heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that, A guide groove (3051) is opened along the length direction of the rack (305). The head of the limiting pin (310) abuts against the upper surface of the rack (305). The gap of the rod of the limiting pin (310) passes through the guide groove (3051) and is screwed to the fixed base plate (301).

7. A versatile heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output shaft of the electric damper actuator (303) has a square cross section, and the center of the gear (304) has a square hole (3041) to transmit torque through the contact surface between the two.

8. A versatile heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air inlet auxiliary pipe (307) is in the shape of a round tube, and the air inlet baffle (309) is in the shape of a round plate; the diameter of the air inlet baffle (309) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the air inlet auxiliary pipe (307), and the axis of the rotating shaft (308) passes perpendicularly through the center of the air inlet baffle (309); the output shaft of the electric air valve actuator (303) is connected to the rotating shaft (308) through a universal coupling (311).

9. A versatile heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that, A through hole (2022) is provided on the feed hopper (2021), the outline shape of which is adapted to the combined cross-sectional shape of the rack (305) and the hopper baffle (306); the through hole (2022) away from the gear (304) is sealed by a sealing plate welded to the outside of the feed hopper (2021).

10. The all-purpose heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace is formed by a single or double furnace wall. When the furnace adopts a double furnace wall structure, a sealed cavity is formed between the two furnace walls. The cavity is filled with water as a heat exchange medium. During the operation of the heating furnace, the heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the furnace is transferred to the water in the double furnace wall by heat conduction and heat radiation, so that the water is heated. The heated water circulates between the cavity and the radiator through the pipeline system by natural convection or the power of the circulation pump.

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