Guiding and discharging type coal mining collapse cultivated land ridge culture rapid reclamation model based on solid waste carbon base
By laying solid waste carbon-based ridge cultivation models in coal mining subsidence areas, the problems of persistent water and heavy metal pollution in these areas have been solved, enabling rapid reclamation and efficient cultivation, reducing heavy metal content, improving soil quality, ensuring arable land, and achieving reclamation and income in the same year.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
AI Technical Summary
Coal mining subsidence areas suffer from significant loss of water and nutrients, and the high content of heavy metals in the soil after backfilling leads to the loss of arable land value.
A rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon is adopted. This model involves laying an in-situ subsoil layer, a composite matrix layer, and a pond mud layer in sequence in the farmland, forming inclined ridges and furrows on the surface. Combined with drainage ditches and irrigation ditches, the composite matrix layer of coal gangue and biochar is used to improve permeability and fertilizer retention capacity. The pond mud layer made of dried fishpond mud or fermented aquaculture residue is used to reduce heavy metal content. A drainage system is set up to remove accumulated water.
It has enabled the rapid reclamation of farmland in coal mining subsidence areas, avoiding water retention, reducing heavy metal content, improving soil quality, ensuring that farmland is arable, achieving the same-year reclamation and income, with corn yield reaching 92% of normal farmland, and an annual increase of 0.12% in soil organic matter. Most of the materials are sourced locally, resulting in low costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224096300U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of farmland management in coal mining subsidence areas, specifically to a rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon-based drainage and ridge cultivation. Background Technology
[0002] Even after the subsidence of the coal-grain composite area in northern China has been stabilized, micro-topographical features such as "flying saucer depressions" and "bomb craters" still commonly exist, known as surface subsidence basins. The presence of multiple surface subsidence basins causes irrigation difficulties for farmland in mining areas. Water retention within these basins leads to significant nutrient loss, and the waterlogging renders them unsuitable for cultivation. Current treatment methods simply involve mixing crushed coal gangue with topsoil for backfilling, and then planting crops on top of the backfilled basins. This results in high heavy metal content in the backfilled soil, rendering much of the farmland unusable for cultivation. Therefore, existing technologies urgently need further improvement and enhancement. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to propose a rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon, which solves the problems of water retention, significant nutrient loss, high heavy metal content in the soil of the backfilled farmland, and the loss of cultivation value of a large amount of farmland.
[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:
[0005] A rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon is provided, comprising, from bottom to top, an in-situ farmland subsoil layer, a composite matrix layer, a pond mud layer, and an in-situ farmland topsoil layer. The bottom surface of the in-situ farmland subsoil layer is a horizontal plane parallel to the ground plane, and its upper surface is an inclined plane.
[0006] The upper surface of the composite matrix layer and the upper surface of the pond mud layer are both parallel to the upper surface of the subsoil layer of the in-situ cultivated land.
[0007] The composite matrix layer covers the entire subsoil layer of the cultivated land, with one end sloping downwards extending to the intersection of its upper surface and the extension surface of the bottom surface of the original cultivated land subsoil layer. The pond mud layer covers the entire composite matrix layer, with one end sloping downwards extending to the intersection of its upper surface and the extension surface of the bottom surface of the original cultivated land subsoil layer.
[0008] The in-situ topsoil layer covers the entire composite matrix layer, with one of its downward-sloping ends protruding from the upper surface of the pond mud layer. The inclination angle of the upper surface of the in-situ topsoil layer is the same as that of the upper surface of the pond mud layer. The top of the in-situ topsoil layer consists of alternating ridges and furrows.
[0009] The ridge and the furrow both extend along the inclined direction of the in-situ cultivated topsoil layer, and the bottom of the furrow has a drainage groove consistent with the direction thereof.
[0010] Further, the longitudinal section of the in-situ cultivated bottom soil layer is a right triangle, the angle between the upper surface of the in-situ cultivated bottom soil layer and the bottom surface thereof is 5-15°, and the end surface of the upper end of the composite substrate layer and the pond mud layer is flush with the corresponding end surface of the in-situ cultivated bottom soil layer.
[0011] Further, the composite substrate layer is made of coal gangue and biochar mixed, and the ratio of the coal gangue to the biochar is 4:1.
[0012] The coal gangue is crushed to a particle size of 2-4 cm, the porosity of the coal gangue is 35-40%, and the thickness of the composite substrate layer is 25 cm.
[0013] Further, the thickness of the pond mud layer is 10 cm, and the pond mud is dried fish pond mud or breeding fungus residue after fermentation.
[0014] Further, the distance between the bottom of the highest point of the ridge and the upper surface of the pond mud layer is 15 cm.
[0015] Further, the upper end of the in-situ cultivated topsoil layer is adjacent to a water diversion ditch, and the lower end of the in-situ cultivated topsoil layer is adjacent to a drainage ditch.
[0016] One end of all the drainage grooves is connected and communicated with the water diversion ditch, and the other end is connected and communicated with the drainage ditch.
[0017] By adopting the above technical scheme, the beneficial technical effects of the present application are as follows: the present application realizes the triple synergistic improvement of "shape-structure-quality" for the cultivated land in the coal mining subsidence area, realizes the re-cultivation of the subsidence basin, and adopts the inclined structure of the ridge and furrow to avoid the water storage condition, and solves the problem of high heavy metal content in the soil of the mining area, which leads to the loss of the cultivation value of the cultivated land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present application based on the solid waste carbon-based guide and drainage type coal mining subsidence cultivated land ridge rapid reclamation model.
[0019] Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the local structure of the present application.
[0020] Fig. 3 is an application view of the present application based on the solid waste carbon-based guide and drainage type coal mining subsidence cultivated land ridge rapid reclamation model.
[0021] Fig. 4 is a top view of the application state of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The utility model will be explained in detail below in combination with the drawings:
[0023] Embodiment, combine Figs. 1 to 4 A kind of based on solid waste carbon's guide and drain formula coal mining subsidence farmland ridge work quick reclamation model, including by from bottom to top in turn laying in-situ farmland bottom soil layer 1, composite substrate layer 2, pond mud layer 3 and in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4, the longitudinal section of the in-situ farmland bottom soil layer 1 is right triangle, the bottom surface of the in-situ farmland bottom soil layer 1 is horizontal plane parallel with ground level, its upper surface is inclined plane, the angle between the upper surface of in-situ farmland bottom soil layer 1 and its bottom surface is 5~15 °.
[0024] The quick reclamation model of the utility model is applied to surface subsidence basin, the terrain is reshaped according to the quick reclamation model on both sides inside the surface subsidence basin, 5cm precision digital elevation model is drawn using RTK measuring instrument, subsidence terrain farmland is divided and surveyed, and the flow convergence path is determined to facilitate later planning and agricultural terrain finishing.After the surface soil layer of subsidence basin is removed, the ground is leveled according to the disposal principle of cutting high and filling low, the in-situ farmland bottom soil layer 1 is constructed according to the measured data, and the composite substrate layer 2, the pond mud layer 3 and the in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4 are sequentially constructed above it, and then the surface of the in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4 is ridged and the drainage groove 42 is opened.
[0025] Drainage ditches are arranged in the subsidence basin of mining area, and the land is reclaimed and repaired using the quick reclamation model on both sides of the drainage ditches.In the rainy season, rainwater can be drained into the drinking water ditch, avoiding the occurrence of standing water.
[0026] The upper surface of the composite substrate layer 2 and the upper surface of the pond mud layer 3 are both parallel to the upper surface of the in-situ farmland bottom soil layer 1, the end faces of the inclined upward ends of the composite substrate layer 2 and the pond mud layer 3 are flush with the corresponding end faces of the in-situ farmland bottom soil layer 1, the inclined upward ends of the composite substrate layer 2 and the pond mud layer 3 are located at the edge positions of the surface subsidence basin, and the inclined downward ends are close to the center of the surface subsidence basin, and the surface of the quick reclamation model is inclined from the edge of the surface subsidence basin to the center position.
[0027] The composite substrate layer 2 covers the entire farmland bottom soil layer, and the inclined downward end extends to the intersection of the upper surface and the extended surface of the bottom surface of the in-situ farmland bottom soil layer 1, the composite substrate layer 2 is made of coal gangue and biochar, and the ratio of coal gangue to biochar is 4:1.The coal gangue is crushed to a particle size of 2-4 cm, and the porosity of the coal gangue is 35-40%.The biochar is made of organic matter of agricultural by-products such as straw, and the thickness of the composite substrate layer 2 is 25 cm, forming a water-permeable framework while enhancing the fertilizer retention capacity.
[0028] The broken coal gangue and biochar are sprayed with 5% ferrous sulfate solution to activate the carbon source of the matrix and reduce the migration activity of heavy metals, so that the passivation rate of heavy metal pollutants affected by coal mining is greater than 85%.
[0029] The pond mud layer 3 covers the entire composite substrate layer 2, and the upper surface of the inclined downward end extends to the intersection with the extension surface of the bottom surface of the in-situ farmland subsoil layer 1. The thickness of the pond mud layer 3 is 10 cm, and dried pond mud or fermented aquaculture residue is used. The pond mud or residue is sprayed with a specially prepared heavy metal adsorption bacteria solution before and after laying to enhance the adsorption of heavy metal ions and prevent and repair the hardening of the topsoil of the farmland.
[0030] The in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4 covers the entire composite substrate layer 2, and the inclined downward end of the in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4 protrudes from the upper surface of the pond mud layer 3. The inclination angle of the upper surface of the in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4 is consistent with the inclination angle of the upper surface of the pond mud layer 3, and the top of the in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4 is alternately distributed with ridges 41 and furrows. The distance between the highest point of the top of the ridge 41 and the bottom of the pond mud layer 3 is 15 cm.
[0031] The ridge 41 and the furrow are both extended along the inclined direction of the in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4, and the bottom of the furrow has a drainage groove 42 consistent with its direction, which can realize gravity flow and solve the problem of water accumulation on the farmland surface affecting crop growth. The surface of the ridge 41 is covered with degradable mulch (15% opening rate), which can conserve soil moisture in dry seasons and reduce evaporation by more than 30%.
[0032] The inclined upward end of the in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4 is adjacent to the water diversion ditch 5, and the inclined downward end of the in-situ farmland topsoil layer 4 is adjacent to the drainage ditch 6. One end of all the drainage grooves 42 is connected and communicated with the water diversion ditch 5, and the other end is connected and communicated with the drainage ditch 6. When irrigation is needed, the crops on the reclaimed farmland are irrigated through the water diversion ditch. In the rainy season, the rainfall will be collected in the drainage ditch 6 through the water diversion ditch 5, and the accumulated water in the drainage ditch 6 will be discharged in time through the underground pipe arranged at one end of the drainage ditch 6.
[0033] In the early maintenance stage, drought-resistant grain crops (such as corn, millet or sorghum) are planted on the high ridge, and wet-rotation green manure crops such as Chinese milk vetch or sesbania (biomass 4.5 tons / acre) are planted in the furrow. The nodule nitrogen fixation amount can reach 12 kg / acre / year.
[0034] A test plot of 0.3 mu in a collapsed land reclamation farmland in Jining, Shandong, is a mine, adopts lagging filling mining in the underground, carries out farmland finishing after reclamation and repair stable sinking for 2 years, measures the average subsidence of 1.3 m, shortens the drainage response time to 1 / 4 of the traditional ridge field in the north after the surface topography is finished, and the test plot is drained of accumulated water after 6 hours of rainstorm; the soil matrix reconstruction of the farmland reaches 0.8 tC / mu of carbon sequestration, and forms a closed loop with the plant carbon sequestration; 80% of the materials are locally sourced (coal gangue, straw), and the cost per mu is only 380 yuan.
[0035] The utility model is suitable for the stable sinking of the subsidence area of the underground mining area control measure below 2m, and the matching planting of the stress-tolerant crops can realize the reclamation and income of the same year, the corn yield reaches 92% of the normal farmland, and the annual increase of the soil organic matter is 0.12%.
[0036] The part not described in the utility model can be realized by using or referring to the existing technology.
[0037] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0038] In the description of the utility model, it is understood that the directions or position relations of the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right" and the like are based on the directions or position relations shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the indicated devices or elements must have a specific direction, a specific direction structure and operation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model.
[0039] Of course, the above description is not a limitation on the utility model, and the utility model is also not limited to the above examples, and the changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by the person skilled in the art within the essential scope of the utility model should also belong to the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon-based guided drainage, characterized in that, The process includes, from bottom to top, laying an in-situ subsoil layer, a composite matrix layer, a pond mud layer, and an in-situ topsoil layer. The bottom surface of the in-situ subsoil layer is a horizontal plane parallel to the ground level, and its upper surface is an inclined plane. The upper surface of the composite matrix layer and the upper surface of the pond mud layer are both parallel to the upper surface of the subsoil layer of the in-situ cultivated land. The composite matrix layer covers the entire subsoil layer of the cultivated land, with one end sloping downwards extending to the intersection of its upper surface and the extension surface of the bottom surface of the original cultivated land subsoil layer. The pond mud layer covers the entire composite matrix layer, with one end sloping downwards extending to the intersection of its upper surface and the extension surface of the bottom surface of the original cultivated land subsoil layer. The in-situ topsoil layer covers the entire composite matrix layer, with one of its downward-sloping ends protruding from the upper surface of the pond mud layer. The inclination angle of the upper surface of the in-situ topsoil layer is the same as that of the upper surface of the pond mud layer. The top of the in-situ topsoil layer consists of alternating ridges and furrows. Both the ridges and furrows extend along the inclined direction of the topsoil layer of the in-situ cultivated land, and the bottom of the furrows has drainage channels that are aligned with its direction.
2. The rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon-based drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal profile of the subsoil layer of the in-situ cultivated land is a right triangle. The angle between the upper surface of the subsoil layer and its bottom surface is 5-15°. The ends of the composite matrix layer and the pond mud layer that are inclined upwards are flush with the corresponding ends of the subsoil layer of the in-situ cultivated land.
3. The rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon-based drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite matrix layer is made of a mixture of coal gangue and biochar, with a ratio of coal gangue to biochar of 4:
1. The coal gangue is crushed to a particle size of 2-4 cm, the porosity of the coal gangue is 35-40%, and the thickness of the composite matrix layer is 25 cm.
4. The rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon-based drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pond mud layer is 10cm thick and is made from sun-dried fishpond mud or fermented aquaculture residue.
5. The rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon-based drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance from the bottom of the highest point of the embankment to the upper surface of the pond mud layer is 15cm.
6. The rapid reclamation model for coal mining subsidence farmland based on solid waste carbon-based drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A water diversion ditch is set up adjacent to the upward-sloping end of the topsoil layer of the in-situ cultivated land, and a drainage ditch is set up adjacent to the downward-sloping end of the topsoil layer of the in-situ cultivated land. One end of each drainage ditch is connected to the water intake ditch, and the other end is connected to the drainage ditch.