Semitransparent photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system

Abstract

The utility model provides a semitransparent photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system, comprising a photo-thermal reflector which is arranged at the bottom of the system and is used for reflecting infrared light in sunlight to carry out photo-thermal power generation; the semitransparent photovoltaic cell has a wave-shaped wrinkle structure, is positioned above the photo-thermal reflecting mirror and is used for absorbing visible light and ultraviolet light in sunlight for photovoltaic power generation; and the adjustable telescopic bracket is used for adjusting the transparency of the semitransparent photovoltaic cell, so that the proportional adjustment of photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation is realized. According to the utility model, dynamic balance between photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal power generation is realized through the adjustable wave-shaped wrinkle structure. The transparency can be automatically adjusted under different illumination intensity and temperature conditions, so that the system preferentially performs photovoltaic power generation under high-intensity sunlight and preferentially performs photo-thermal power generation under low-illumination or high-temperature conditions, and the total energy conversion efficiency of the power generation system is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar energy comprehensive utilization technology, and in particular to a semi-transparent photovoltaic photothermal coupling system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) power generation and concentrated solar power (CSP) power generation, as two major solar energy conversion methods, have had their respective advantages and limitations extensively studied. PV power generation directly converts sunlight into electricity through the photoelectric effect, boasting high power generation efficiency and rapid response, and is widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. However, the efficiency of PV power generation is limited by light intensity and spectral range, especially under extreme environments such as high temperature, strong light, or low light, where the efficiency of PV cells often fluctuates significantly. On the other hand, CSP power generation reflects infrared light (long-wavelength light) from sunlight and converts it into heat energy to drive a heat engine. CSP technology has high energy conversion efficiency, is particularly suitable for high-temperature environments, and can continuously provide stable energy output. However, the efficiency of CSP systems is often affected by factors such as the surface quality of the solar thermal reflector, changes in light intensity, and the concentration of reflected light, making its design and material selection relatively complex, and requiring strict temperature and environmental conditions.

[0003] Currently, while photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal (CTP) power generation methods each have their advantages, their limitations mean that when used alone, they often cannot maintain efficient and stable energy output under all environmental conditions. Therefore, coupled PV and CTP systems have emerged. By combining the advantages of both, the power generation mode can be dynamically adjusted under different light and temperature conditions, achieving higher overall energy efficiency. However, existing PV-CTP coupled systems still face some technical challenges. Traditional coupled systems often use fixed CTP mirrors and PV cell structures, making it difficult to adapt to fluctuations in light intensity caused by environmental changes. Under high-intensity light, PV cells may overheat, affecting their efficiency, while the CTP system may not be able to fully utilize the energy of reflected light. Conversely, under low-light conditions, the energy utilization rate of the CTP system is low, and the PV system may face efficiency degradation. Furthermore, most existing PV-CTP coupled structures lack flexible transparency adjustment mechanisms, failing to automatically adjust the power output ratio of both systems according to different environments in practical applications, thus failing to achieve optimal system performance. Therefore, existing technologies still have significant room for improvement in effective coupling, dynamic adjustment, and efficiency optimization of PV and CTP. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a semi-transparent photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, which aims to improve the overall energy efficiency of the system by dynamically balancing the ratio of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation by adjusting the transparency. In particular, it can effectively improve energy utilization under different environmental conditions and make up for the shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0005] According to one objective of this utility model, a semi-transparent photovoltaic photothermal coupling system is provided, the system comprising:

[0006] A photothermal reflector, located at the bottom of the system, is used to reflect infrared light from sunlight to generate solar thermal power.

[0007] A semi-transparent photovoltaic cell with a wavy, pleated structure is located above the photothermal reflector and is used to absorb visible and ultraviolet light from sunlight to generate photovoltaic power.

[0008] An adjustable telescopic bracket is used to adjust the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, thereby achieving adjustment of the ratio of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation.

[0009] Furthermore, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell uses a flexible perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic film, whose transparency can be adjusted by stretching or compressing.

[0010] Furthermore, the wavy pleated structure is formed by pre-compression molding technology, and the spacing of the pleats is changed by mechanical stretching or compression, thereby adjusting the transparency.

[0011] Furthermore, the adjustable telescopic bracket is made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjustable telescopic bracket is driven by electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic means to achieve automatic adjustment of the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

[0013] Furthermore, the wave-shaped pleated structure includes a sinusoidal wave pleated structure, a sawtooth wave pleated structure, a hyperbolic wave pleated structure, or an elliptical wave pleated structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the photothermal reflector is made of high-reflectivity aluminum alloy, silver plating, or multilayer metal reflective film.

[0015] Furthermore, the system also includes an intelligent control system, which includes a central control unit, a light sensor, and a temperature sensor. The central control unit, in conjunction with the light sensor and the temperature sensor, automatically adjusts the transparency to optimize the ratio of photovoltaic power generation to solar thermal power generation.

[0016] Furthermore, the light sensor is used to monitor the intensity of sunlight in real time and output a signal proportional to the light intensity; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the internal temperature of the system in real time and output a signal related to temperature changes.

[0017] Furthermore, the intelligent control system also includes a fault monitoring and alarm mechanism. When sensor data is abnormal or the drive system malfunctions, the system will automatically enter a protection mode.

[0018] This invention achieves a dynamic balance between photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal power generation through an adjustable, wave-shaped pleated structure. Compared to the single, fixed design of existing traditional PV cells and solar thermal reflectors, this system can automatically adjust transparency under different light intensities and temperatures, allowing it to prioritize PV power generation during high-intensity sunlight and solar thermal power generation under low-intensity sunlight or high-temperature conditions. This flexible adjustment mechanism significantly improves the overall energy conversion efficiency of the power generation system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention employing an elliptical wave compression structure;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention using an elliptical wave stretching structure;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sawtooth wave compression structure used in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the light intensity control logic in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the temperature control logic in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Photothermal reflector; 2. Semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; 3. Adjustable telescopic support. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figures 1-5 As shown:

[0031] A semi-transparent photovoltaic-thermal coupling system consists of two parts, from bottom to top: a photovoltaic-thermal reflector 1 and a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, wherein:

[0032] The solar thermal reflector 1 is located at the bottom and is mainly used to reflect infrared light (long wavelength light) in sunlight for use in solar thermal power generation.

[0033] The photothermal reflector 1 is made of a high-reflectivity material, such as aluminum alloy, silver plating, or multi-layer metal reflective film, to ensure efficient reflection of infrared light.

[0034] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is located above the photothermal reflector and is mainly used to absorb visible and ultraviolet light from sunlight to generate photovoltaic power.

[0035] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 uses a flexible perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic thin film, which has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and adjustable transparency.

[0036] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 has a wavy pleated structure. Through pre-pressing, the pleat spacing can be changed according to the action of external force, thereby adjusting the transparency.

[0037] In this embodiment, in order to adjust the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, adjustable telescopic brackets 3 are provided on both sides of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, so that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell has an adjustable function.

[0038] Specifically, the two ends of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 are fixed to the adjustable telescopic bracket 3. The spacing of the folds is changed by stretching or compressing the adjustable telescopic bracket, thereby adjusting the overall transparency. The size of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell at its compression limit is consistent with the area or opening area of ​​the photothermal reflector.

[0039] The principle behind the stretching or compression of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is as follows:

[0040] When stretched: the wrinkled structure unfolds, the film tends to flatten, the transparency increases, the photothermal reflector can receive more infrared light, and the photovoltaic cell exceeding the area of ​​the photothermal reflector can be used for photovoltaic power generation.

[0041] During compression: The dense fold structure causes sunlight to be reflected and refracted multiple times on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, reducing transparency and prioritizing photovoltaic power generation.

[0042] The adjustable telescopic support bracket is made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material to ensure mechanical strength while maintaining lightweight design. This system adjusts the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells using the adjustable telescopic bracket: the bracket's extension and retraction are controlled by an external motor or pneumatic / hydraulic methods, dynamically adjusting the transparency according to actual light intensity and usage requirements to optimize the ratio of photovoltaic power generation to solar thermal power generation.

[0043] In addition, this system can automatically adjust the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells through an intelligent control system:

[0044] Specifically, the intelligent control system includes a central control unit, light sensors, and temperature sensors. The central control unit, in conjunction with the light and temperature sensors, automatically adjusts the transparency to achieve real-time balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation. For example, when sunlight intensity is high, photovoltaic power generation is prioritized; while when the temperature is high, solar thermal power generation is prioritized. Among these:

[0045] The light sensor is used to monitor the intensity of sunlight in real time and outputs a signal that is proportional to the intensity of the light.

[0046] Temperature sensors are used to monitor the internal temperature of a system in real time, such as the surface temperature of a photovoltaic cell or the temperature of a photothermal reflector, and output signals related to temperature changes.

[0047] The central control unit (central processing unit) integrates signals from light and temperature sensors to automatically control the extension and retraction of the support structure, thereby adjusting the transparency. A motor, pneumatic, or hydraulic power unit for adjusting the adjustable telescopic support structure is connected to the central control unit to adjust the transparency of the photovoltaic cells and their relative position to the photothermal reflectors.

[0048] To achieve real-time balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, an automatic transparency adjustment mechanism is implemented using the central control unit, light sensors, and temperature sensors. The specific control steps are as follows:

[0049] S1, Sensor signal acquisition

[0050] Data from the light and temperature sensors is transmitted to the central control unit wirelessly or via wired connection.

[0051] The light intensity data (Lux value) acquired by the light sensor is used to determine the intensity of sunlight, while the temperature sensor provides real-time system temperature data;

[0052] S2, Control Algorithm

[0053] Based on feedback signals of light intensity and temperature, the central control unit will use the following control logic to adjust the transparency:

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown:

[0055] S201, Light Intensity Control Logic:

[0056] S2011, High light intensity (e.g., >1000 Lux): At this point, photovoltaic power generation is more efficient, so photovoltaic power generation should be given priority.

[0057] The control system stretches the adjustable telescopic bracket to make the surface of the photovoltaic cells more flat, increase transparency, and allow more sunlight to pass through the photovoltaic cells for photovoltaic power generation.

[0058] After the support is extended, the light received by the photothermal reflector is reduced, thereby reducing its contribution to solar thermal power generation;

[0059] S2012, Low light intensity (e.g., <500 Lux): Photovoltaic power generation efficiency is low, and the proportion of solar thermal power generation should be increased;

[0060] The control system compresses the adjustable telescopic support, reducing the transparency of the photovoltaic cells and making the surface of the photovoltaic cells denser, thus prioritizing solar thermal power generation.

[0061] This adjustment enhances the surface illumination of the photothermal reflector, allowing the photothermal power generation system to receive more infrared light, thereby improving its efficiency.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown:

[0063] S202, Temperature Control Logic:

[0064] S2021. High-temperature environment (e.g., temperature > 50℃): In this case, the advantages of solar thermal power generation are more obvious, and solar thermal power generation should be increased in order to reduce the overheating effect of photovoltaic cells.

[0065] The control system reduces the transparency of photovoltaic cells, decreases light absorption on the surface of photovoltaic cells, and prioritizes the enhancement of solar thermal power generation;

[0066] Reducing photovoltaic power generation can prevent the surface temperature of the cells from rising further, thus protecting the lifespan of the photovoltaic cells.

[0067] S2022, Low-temperature environment (e.g., temperature <25℃): In this case, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is higher, and the proportion of photovoltaic power generation should be increased first;

[0068] The control system stretches the photovoltaic cells, increasing their transparency, enhancing their light absorption area, and improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0069] At lower temperatures, the efficiency of solar thermal power generation is relatively low, which can reduce its contribution.

[0070] S203, Integrated Control Logic:

[0071] S2031, Combined control of light intensity and temperature:

[0072] When sunlight intensity is high and temperature is high (e.g., midday in summer under strong sunlight), photovoltaic power generation efficiency is high, but photovoltaic cells may overheat. In this case, the system should prioritize increasing solar thermal power generation and appropriately reduce the proportion of photovoltaic power generation to avoid overheating affecting the photovoltaic cells.

[0073] S2032. When the light intensity is low and the temperature is low, the system should prioritize increasing the proportion of photovoltaic power generation and reduce the contribution of solar thermal power generation in order to obtain more power output.

[0074] S2033. When the light intensity is low but the temperature is high (e.g., on a cloudy day or in a low-light environment in winter), priority should be given to increasing solar thermal power generation and reducing the output of photovoltaic power generation.

[0075] The control steps of an intelligent control system specifically include:

[0076] 1. Acquisition of light intensity and temperature data:

[0077] The light sensor collects sunlight intensity data every 5 seconds.

[0078] Temperature sensors monitor the temperature of the photovoltaic cell surface and the photothermal reflector in real time.

[0079] 2. Data Analysis and Processing:

[0080] Every 10 seconds, the central control unit determines the current operating mode based on light intensity and temperature data.

[0081] If the light intensity is greater than the set threshold and the temperature is low, the photovoltaic priority mode is activated, which increases the transparency of the photovoltaic cells.

[0082] If the light intensity is low or the temperature is high, the solar thermal priority mode is activated, reducing the transparency of the photovoltaic cells.

[0083] 3. Adjustment and transparency control of the adjustable telescopic bracket:

[0084] According to the instructions of the control system, the electric or hydraulic drive device will adjust the extension and retraction of the bracket, automatically changing the transparency of the photovoltaic cells.

[0085] The transparency variation is achieved through a wave-shaped pleated structure, ensuring a dynamic balance between the proportion of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation under different light and temperature conditions.

[0086] In this embodiment, in the intelligent control system:

[0087] The system has a rapid response capability, ensuring that transparency is adjusted quickly to adapt to changes in sunlight intensity and temperature. The control response time should be less than 1 second to rapidly reflect changes in the external environment.

[0088] Stability and accuracy: The optical and temperature sensors require high accuracy, with an error range of at least ±5%.

[0089] The transparency adjustment accuracy should be within 1% to ensure that the balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation is not lost due to overly coarse transparency adjustment.

[0090] The system has a fault monitoring and alarm mechanism. When sensor data is abnormal or the drive system malfunctions, the system will automatically enter protection mode to reduce the negative impact of the fault. The system should also have a manual mode to allow for manual intervention and control, ensuring normal operation even when automatic adjustment fails.

[0091] Through the above control steps and requirements, the intelligent control system can achieve real-time balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, improve the overall energy efficiency of the system, and adapt to changes under different environmental conditions.

[0092] In this embodiment, the adjustable telescopic bracket is made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material, ensuring mechanical strength while maintaining lightness. The telescopic mechanism of the adjustable telescopic bracket is controlled by electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic means, facilitating automated adjustment.

[0093] In this embodiment, the wavy pleated structure is manufactured using a laser pre-pressing process to ensure the uniformity and stability of the wavy pleats. This process allows for adjustments to the height, width, and wavelength of the pleats according to design requirements.

[0094] The photovoltaic cells are made of high-efficiency perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic thin films to ensure absorption efficiency of both visible and ultraviolet light while maintaining a certain level of transparency. Surface coating technology can be used to optimize the photoelectric properties of the perovskite thin film.

[0095] The photothermal reflector uses high reflectivity materials, such as aluminum and silver, and improves the reflectivity of infrared light through surface coating or multilayer film technology.

[0096] In order to realize the function of a semi-transparent photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, the transparency of the corrugated structure can be adjusted when mechanically stretched or compressed. Therefore, the design of parameters such as the shape, length, width, and curvature of the corrugated structure must be reasonable to ensure that it can both generate photovoltaic power efficiently and meet the needs of photothermal reflection.

[0097] This embodiment can adopt the following wave-shaped pleat design schemes:

[0098] 1. Sine wave pleated structure

[0099] Shape: Sine wave

[0100] Waveform characteristics: It adopts a standard sine wave shape with smooth transitions between peaks and troughs, which is suitable for unfolding during stretching and maintaining the stability of photovoltaic thin films.

[0101] Radius: The radian of a waveform is determined by its wavelength (λ) and amplitude (A).

[0102] Wavelength: typically between 10mm and 1m, and the density of the waveform can be adjusted as needed.

[0103] Amplitude: The amplitude range can be from 2mm to 10cm. When stretched, the amplitude decreases and the wrinkles become flatter.

[0104] Advantages: The sinusoidal waveform pleated structure is simple, easy to control and implement. When stretched, the waveform tends to flatten, making it suitable for high-efficiency photovoltaic power generation.

[0105] Transparency changes: When stretched, the peaks and troughs flatten, increasing transparency; when compressed, the waveform becomes denser, decreasing transparency.

[0106] 2. Serrated wave-shaped pleated structure

[0107] Shape: Sawtooth wave

[0108] Waveform characteristics: It adopts a continuous triangular waveform with rapid changes, similar to a sawtooth shape.

[0109] Tooth height: The tooth height ranges from 2mm to 20cm, and can be adjusted according to design requirements.

[0110] Tooth width: Tooth width ranges from 5mm to 1m, which can produce a large variation in transparency.

[0111] Advantages: The sawtooth waveform can produce a large change in transparency within a small displacement range, making it suitable for quickly adjusting the ratio of photovoltaic power generation to solar thermal power generation.

[0112] Transparency changes: When compressed, the teeth become denser, increasing transparency; when stretched, the teeth expand, decreasing transparency.

[0113] 3. Hyperbolic wave-shaped pleated structure

[0114] Shape: Hyperbolic wave

[0115] Waveform characteristics: The waveform has a hyperbolic shape with a large curvature, and the transparency can be adjusted within a wide range of compression / stretching.

[0116] Curvature: The shape of a hyperbola is more suitable for achieving greater changes in transparency. When the curvature is greater, it can effectively reflect infrared light.

[0117] Curvature: The two sides of the waveform have different curvatures, and the curvature can be adjusted from 5° to 30°, depending on the lighting angle of the application scenario.

[0118] Wavelength and amplitude: According to the hyperbola formula, the wavelength ranges from 20mm to 1m, and the amplitude can reach more than 10mm.

[0119] Advantages: Hyperbolic waveforms can become more compact when compressed, improving photothermal reflection performance; and can maintain high photovoltaic power generation efficiency when stretched.

[0120] Transparency changes: When compressed, the waveform becomes denser and the transparency decreases; when stretched, the waveform becomes flatter and the transparency increases.

[0121] 4. Elliptical wave-shaped pleated structure

[0122] Shape: Elliptical waveform

[0123] Waveform characteristics: The waveform is elliptical, with relatively uniform distances between the peaks and troughs, forming a curve similar to an ellipse.

[0124] Radius: The curvature at both ends of an elliptical waveform is small, while the curvature in the middle is large, allowing the waveform to remain stable over a wide range of stretching.

[0125] Major axis of the ellipse: can be selected from 30mm to 1m.

[0126] Ellipse minor axis: Selectable from 5mm to 20mm, controlling the height of the crests and the depth of the troughs.

[0127] Advantages: The elliptical waveform can better control the change in transparency during the process of change, and has good optical performance, making it suitable for balancing solar thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation.

[0128] Transparency changes: When stretched, the waveform expands and the transparency increases; when compressed, the waveform becomes denser and the transparency decreases.

[0129] 5. Parabolic wave-shaped pleated structure

[0130] Shape: Parabolic waveform

[0131] Waveform characteristics: The waveform is parabolic in shape, with the distance between the peaks and troughs gradually increasing, making it suitable for adjusting transparency within a wide stretching range.

[0132] Radius: The curvature of a parabola is relatively large, giving it a strong ability to change dynamically.

[0133] Vertex curvature: adjustable from 20° to 45° to accommodate different photovoltaic and photothermal reflection requirements.

[0134] Wavelength: Between 20mm and 1m.

[0135] Advantages: The parabolic shape can efficiently reflect infrared light and has a high photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0136] Transparency changes: When stretched, the wave crests expand and the transparency increases; when compressed, the waveform becomes tighter and the transparency decreases.

[0137] 6. Hammer-shaped wave-shaped pleated structure

[0138] Shape: Hammer head waveform

[0139] Waveform characteristics: The waveform is "hammer-shaped", that is, the waveform starts flat and then rises sharply to form a distinct peak, with a smooth transition on the right side of the waveform.

[0140] Radius: The sharp rise of the waveform forms a sharp-angled "hammerhead", which is suitable for changes in transparency within a certain range.

[0141] Wavelength: Between 5mm and 1m, relatively dense.

[0142] Curvature: High curvature, suitable for the needs of concentrated solar power generation.

[0143] Changes in transparency: When compressed, the wave crests converge, and the transparency decreases; when stretched, the wave crests expand, and the transparency increases.

[0144] In this embodiment, the wave-shaped structure can also employ shape memory alloy (SMA) technology, enabling the wave-shaped folds to change shape under external electrical stimulation and possess self-recovery capabilities, reducing the complexity of mechanical operations. That is, the adjustable telescopic support is replaced by a shape memory alloy, which drives the changes in the wave-shaped structure.

[0145] This embodiment's intelligent control system can also integrate an AI control system and a big data analysis system. The AI ​​control system analyzes historical data and environmental change trends (such as solar radiation, temperature changes, and cloud cover changes) to achieve predictive adjustments. For example, it can predict the solar radiation intensity over a period of time and automatically adjust transparency based on the predicted value. Through continuous accumulation and analysis of big data, the system can further optimize the dynamic balance of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, improving the system's adaptability.

[0146] The AI ​​control system and big data analysis system dynamically adjust transparency and optimize the real-time balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power through real-time data collection and analysis.

[0147] Specifically, the system architecture and composition of the AI ​​control system and big data analysis system are as follows:

[0148] The AI ​​control system is used for intelligent analysis and decision-making based on real-time collected data (such as light intensity, temperature, and humidity). Based on machine learning algorithms (such as deep neural networks, decision trees, and random forests), the AI ​​control system automatically adjusts the transparency of photovoltaic cells. It can predict trends in light intensity and temperature changes, thereby adjusting transparency in advance and avoiding fluctuations in power generation efficiency due to over-adjustment. Employing reinforcement learning algorithms, it can optimize adjustment strategies based on system operating status, gradually improving overall energy efficiency.

[0149] Big data analytics systems are used to analyze and process historical data collected by sensors, environmental change data, and equipment operating status to support AI systems in making more accurate predictions and decisions.

[0150] The big data analytics system preprocesses sensor data through noise reduction, standardization, and normalization to ensure accuracy and consistency. Using machine learning and statistical analysis methods, it builds predictive models for variables such as sunlight, temperature, and humidity based on historical data. This allows for prediction of sunlight and temperature trends over the next few hours or even days, enabling proactive adjustments to photovoltaic cell transparency. The system analyzes the power generation efficiency of photovoltaics and solar thermal under different environmental conditions (such as seasonal variations and climate change) and provides optimal adjustment schemes. Based on historical data and real-time sensor information, it automatically optimizes the system's transparency adjustment strategy to maximize overall power generation efficiency.

[0151] The operational process of the AI ​​control system and big data analysis is as follows:

[0152] S1, Real-time Data Acquisition

[0153] Sensors for light, temperature, and humidity collect environmental data once per second and transmit it to the central processing unit.

[0154] Low latency (<1 second) must be ensured during data transmission to guarantee the accuracy of real-time adjustment and control.

[0155] The collected data is simultaneously uploaded to a cloud platform for large-scale storage and analysis.

[0156] S2, Historical Data Analysis and Training

[0157] By using a cloud platform to analyze historical data collected over a long period of time, an AI model is trained to find the correlation between light intensity, temperature and system efficiency.

[0158] The AI ​​model is updated regularly (monthly or quarterly) to adapt to factors such as seasonal changes, weather changes, and aging of photovoltaic cells.

[0159] The AI ​​system performs error analysis and model optimization during training to ensure that it can make accurate predictions of power generation patterns based on historical trends.

[0160] S3. Prediction and Transparency Adjustment Decisions

[0161] Based on real-time and historical data, the AI ​​control system uses predictive models to calculate the trends in light intensity and temperature changes over the next few hours.

[0162] If a significant increase in future sunlight intensity is predicted, the transparency of photovoltaic cells can be increased in advance to improve photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0163] If a temperature increase is predicted, the system will prioritize increasing the proportion of solar thermal power generation and reduce the transparency of photovoltaic cells to prevent overheating from affecting their performance.

[0164] S4, Dynamic Transparency Adjustment

[0165] Real-time adjustment: The AI ​​system adjusts the transparency every 10 seconds based on real-time collected light intensity and temperature data to ensure a dynamic balance between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation.

[0166] Intelligent feedback: The AI ​​control system checks whether the adjusted transparency conforms to the optimization strategy through a feedback mechanism. If there are fluctuations in power generation efficiency or excessively high temperatures, the adjustment strategy will be automatically corrected.

[0167] S5, System Optimization and Feedback Mechanism

[0168] The system will learn and adjust itself based on actual operating results, optimizing the transparency adjustment strategy.

[0169] For example, when the system discovers that solar thermal power generation is more efficient than photovoltaic power generation under certain environmental conditions, the system will incorporate this situation into the machine learning model to improve the system's intelligent decision-making capabilities.

[0170] Regularly evaluate and optimize the AI ​​model to ensure its accuracy and stability in long-term operation.

[0171] In the process of AI control systems and big data analysis, the AI ​​control system not only focuses on the efficiency of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, but also considers multiple objectives such as temperature control and battery life. The system integrates the needs of different objectives and adjusts transparency to achieve an optimal balance across multiple dimensions. The system must be able to dynamically adjust its strategies based on changes in the external environment (such as cloud cover, weather changes, and seasonal changes). For example, in cloudy or rainy weather, the system will automatically reduce the transparency of photovoltaic cells and increase the proportion of solar thermal power generation. The system has the ability to predict grid load. When the grid load is high, it prioritizes increasing the transparency of photovoltaic cells to provide power support; while when the grid load is low, it prioritizes increasing solar thermal power generation to prevent photovoltaic cells from overheating.

[0172] The AI ​​system collects feedback data during operation and uses reinforcement learning algorithms to optimize the control strategy. Whenever the system successfully improves power generation efficiency by adjusting transparency, the AI ​​system uses this decision as input for the optimization strategy, continuously improving the accuracy of transparency adjustments. Based on changes in environmental data, the AI ​​control system can automatically adjust the parameters of the optimization algorithm. For example, the system can adjust the control cycle and model weights according to weather changes to ensure optimal performance under different environmental conditions.

[0173] The AI ​​control system's response time is no more than one second, ensuring real-time reactions to environmental changes and adjustments to transparency. The prediction algorithm should achieve an accuracy of over 90%, especially under complex weather conditions.

[0174] AI systems need to have high stability and operate stably under different seasons, light intensities, and temperatures to avoid instability in control strategies due to the algorithm's over-reliance on short-term data fluctuations.

[0175] The system must be robust enough to handle situations such as sensor failure and network outages. If a sensor fails, the system should be able to self-repair using backup sensors or historical data, ensuring uninterrupted system operation.

[0176] The system architecture should support future expansion and upgrades. For example, it should be able to connect to more environmental sensors, devices, or energy sources, enabling more diverse adjustments and optimizations.

[0177] All data is encrypted during transmission and storage to ensure data privacy and security. AI control systems must comply with industry standards and relevant laws and regulations to ensure the compliance of data collection and processing.

[0178] By integrating an AI control system with big data analysis, this invention can significantly improve the intelligence level of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation systems, automatically adjust transparency, and achieve dynamic balance and high-efficiency operation of the system.

[0179] This novel wave-shaped pleated structure can be adjusted to meet different photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation needs, with parameters such as wavelength, amplitude, and curvature selectable flexibly. Each design has its unique advantages, providing optimal energy conversion efficiency in different application scenarios. The specific choice depends on the target market's needs, ambient light conditions, and material properties. Furthermore, this wave-shaped semi-transparent photovoltaic cell can also be used in BIPV, agricultural greenhouses, and other applications requiring semi-transparent photovoltaic cells.

[0180] This invention proposes a semi-transparent photovoltaic-thermal coupling system. By adjusting the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, a dynamic balance between photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation is achieved, thereby optimizing the system's energy utilization efficiency. Through flexible adjustment of transparency, this invention can adjust the ratio of photovoltaic to solar thermal power generation in real time under different environmental conditions, based on external factors such as solar radiation intensity and temperature, thereby improving the system's overall energy efficiency and solving the problem of insufficient energy utilization in existing technologies.

[0181] This invention achieves a dynamic balance between photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal power generation through an adjustable, wave-shaped pleated structure. Compared to the single, fixed design of existing traditional PV cells and solar thermal reflectors, it can automatically adjust transparency under different light intensities and temperatures, allowing the system to prioritize PV power generation under high-intensity sunlight and prioritize solar thermal power generation under low-intensity sunlight or high-temperature conditions. This flexible adjustment mechanism significantly improves the overall energy conversion efficiency of the power generation system.

[0182] In real-world testing, the structure of this invention improved photovoltaic cell power generation efficiency by approximately 5% under moderate sunlight conditions and photothermal conversion efficiency by approximately 15% under high-temperature conditions. Compared to traditional photovoltaic-photothermal coupling systems, this invention can provide an overall power generation efficiency improvement of up to 20% under most sunlight conditions.

[0183] This invention, through its wave-shaped pleated structure, effectively avoids the aging and damage problems that occur with traditional fixed photovoltaic cells and reflectors during long-term use. The wave-shaped structure not only allows for flexible adjustment of transparency but also enables self-adjustment of its shape through shape memory alloy technology or a pneumatic control system, enhancing the system's fatigue resistance and self-healing capabilities. Accelerated aging tests show that the wave-shaped pleated photovoltaic cell of this invention exhibits a performance degradation of less than 3% after 1000 hours of continuous use, significantly better than the performance degradation rate of over 5% for traditional photovoltaic cells.

[0184] This invention integrates photovoltaic and solar thermal functions, reducing reliance on traditional multi-module systems and thus lowering overall system manufacturing and maintenance costs. The wavy, corrugated structure not only facilitates component installation but also reduces the need for frequent adjustments due to weather changes, thereby minimizing energy loss. Through an adjustable wavy photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, this invention significantly improves photoelectric conversion efficiency, enhances system stability, saves costs, and significantly improves the overall performance of solar power generation systems.

[0185] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A semi-transparent photovoltaic photothermal coupling system, characterized in that, The system includes: A photothermal reflector, located at the bottom of the system, is used to reflect infrared light from sunlight to generate solar thermal power. A semi-transparent photovoltaic cell with a wavy, pleated structure is located above the photothermal reflector and is used to absorb visible and ultraviolet light from sunlight to generate photovoltaic power. An adjustable telescopic bracket is used to adjust the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, thereby achieving adjustment of the ratio of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell uses a flexible perovskite semi-transparent photovoltaic film, whose transparency can be adjusted by stretching or compressing.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wavy pleated structure is formed by pre-compression molding technology, and the spacing of the pleats is changed by mechanical stretching or compression, thereby adjusting the transparency.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable telescopic bracket is made of metal alloy or high-strength plastic material.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable telescopic bracket is driven by electric, pneumatic or hydraulic means to achieve automatic adjustment of the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wave-shaped pleated structure includes a sinusoidal waveform pleated structure, a sawtooth waveform pleated structure, a hyperbolic waveform pleated structure, or an elliptical waveform pleated structure.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an intelligent control system, and the photothermal reflector is made of high-reflectivity aluminum alloy, silver plating, or multi-layer metal reflective film.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an intelligent control system, which includes a central control unit, a light sensor, and a temperature sensor. The central control unit, in conjunction with the light sensor and the temperature sensor, automatically adjusts the transparency to optimize the ratio of photovoltaic power generation to solar thermal power generation.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The light sensor is used to monitor the intensity of sunlight in real time and output a signal proportional to the light intensity; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the internal temperature of the system in real time and output a signal related to temperature changes.

10. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent control system also includes a fault monitoring and alarm mechanism. When sensor data is abnormal or the drive system fails to work properly, the system will automatically enter protection mode.

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