Tunnel waterproof structure
By setting up corridors and water-stop curtains inside the tunnel, the problem of tunnel waterproofing and drainage was solved, achieving a highly efficient and environmentally friendly tunnel waterproofing effect, reducing maintenance costs and environmental impact.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
In reservoir areas at high altitudes and in cold regions, when tunnels are located below the flood line, conventional waterproofing and drainage measures are ineffective in preventing groundwater from entering, leading to problems such as tunnel leakage and water inrush. Furthermore, maintenance costs are high, affecting tunnel safety and the environment.
A parallel corridor is constructed inside the mountain on the side of the tunnel closest to the dam, and a water-stopping curtain is formed inside the mountain below the corridor. Cementitious materials are injected through grouting holes to form the water-stopping curtain, which prevents groundwater from spreading, reinforces the mountain, and reduces soil erosion.
It effectively prevents groundwater from entering the tunnel, reduces the risk of landslides, reduces soil erosion, mitigates environmental problems such as tunnel subsidence caused by a drop in the groundwater level, simplifies construction and maintenance, and reduces maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224107280U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of road tunnel waterproofing technology, and more specifically, to a tunnel waterproofing structure. Background Technology
[0002] Waterproofing and drainage are crucial aspects of highway tunnel design and construction, especially for tunnels near reservoirs. The conventional approach is to build the tunnel above the reservoir's flood line, constructing a lining, waterproofing layer, and a network of longitudinal and transverse drainage pipes around the tunnel's cross-section. Placing the tunnel below the flood line significantly increases the difficulty of design, construction, and maintenance, and the excessive water pressure poses a significant safety hazard. If waterproofing measures fail, the tunnel is prone to leakage and water inrush, affecting normal use and structural safety. In extreme cases like dam failure, tunnels below the flood line would be subjected to immense water flow, with potentially catastrophic consequences.
[0003] However, in reservoir areas at high altitudes and in frigid regions, the presence of snow and ice deposits makes normal construction impossible. Therefore, under these challenging geological conditions, some sections of the tunnels are forced to be located below the reservoir's inundation line. In these situations, the groundwater level around the tunnel is higher than the tunnel road and walls, and conventional lining structures cannot withstand the immense water pressure. The rock mass near the tunnel is chronically saturated with water, and ordinary drainage networks cannot allow the groundwater to drain naturally downwards and outwards. Therefore, applying conventional waterproofing and drainage methods below the inundation line is unlikely to yield satisfactory results, and maintenance costs are high, requiring a long-term investment of significant manpower and resources to ensure the tunnel's waterproofing and drainage systems operate normally. Utility Model Content
[0004] The problem this invention solves is how to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly waterproofing for tunnels located below the reservoir inundation line.
[0005] To solve the above problems, this utility model provides a waterproof tunnel structure.
[0006] Firstly, this utility model provides a waterproof tunnel structure, which adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A waterproof tunnel structure for a reservoir dam tunnel includes a mountain, a corridor, and a water-stop curtain. The corridor is located inside the mountain, and the water-stop curtain is continuously installed along the length of the corridor and vertically buried in the mountain below the corridor.
[0008] Grouting holes are provided in the mountain, and cementitious material is filled into the grouting holes to form the water-stop curtain. The corridor is used for the construction and maintenance of the water-stop curtain.
[0009] The section of the tunnel pavement higher than the submergence line is a normal section, the section of the tunnel pavement lower than the submergence line is a low section, and the gallery is arranged on the side of the low section close to the dam and communicates with the normal sections before and after the low section at both ends of the gallery.
[0010] The top end of the waterproof curtain is not lower than the submergence line of the reservoir area, and the bottom end of the waterproof curtain is not higher than the pavement elevation of the low section.
[0011] The utility model discloses the beneficial effect is: when the tunnel pavement elevation is lower than the submergence line of the reservoir area, the gallery is arranged in the mountain body close to the dam on the side of the tunnel, and the grouting hole is punched in the mountain body below the gallery, the grouting hole is formed in the gallery to the grouting hole, and the waterproof curtain can form a barrier in the mountain body, blocks the groundwater on the side of the reservoir area to the low section of the tunnel, and can also reinforce the mountain body, reduces the risk of the collapse of the reservoir area mountain body. The blocking of the waterproof curtain makes the groundwater change the route, compared with the tunnel drainage mode of the related art that sets up the drainage pipe network, the structure is more favorable to the preservation of the original environment of the mountain body, reduces the water and soil loss, avoids the environmental problems such as the tunnel settlement caused by the lowering of the groundwater level. The gallery can facilitate the construction and maintenance of the waterproof curtain.
[0012] Optionally, the gallery comprises a construction pavement and a retaining wall, the construction pavement and the retaining wall form a closed tunnel, the construction pavement is provided with through holes along the line, the through holes correspond to the grouting holes in communication, and the retaining wall is used for resisting the surrounding pressure generated by the mountain body.
[0013] Optionally, the retaining wall comprises primary support and secondary lining, the primary support is located outside the secondary lining and is fixed to the mountain body, and the secondary lining is integrally formed with the construction pavement.
[0014] Optionally, a pre-buried pipe is inserted into the through hole, the pre-buried pipe has a buried depth of no less than 2 m and a top higher than the pavement elevation.
[0015] Optionally, the grouting hole comprises a curtain hole and an inspection hole, and the inspection holes are uniformly and regularly distributed along the whole line of the waterproof curtain.
[0016] Optionally, the inspection hole is configured to be fully grouted.
[0017] Optionally, the grouting hole is divided into multiple types according to the pouring sequence, and the grouting holes of different sequences are regularly and alternately arranged along the path center line of the gallery.
[0018] Optionally, the bottom edge of the waterproof curtain is parallel to the road surface of the low-position section of the dam-passing tunnel, the dam-passing tunnel is divided into a high-position end and a low-position end according to the road surface elevation, and the grouting holes of the same sequence are arranged to be sequentially poured from the low-position end to the high-position end.
[0019] Optionally, the horizontal distance between the gallery and the dam-passing tunnel is not less than twice the diameter of the dam-passing tunnel.
[0020] Optionally, the gallery is provided with hydrological monitoring equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 It is a plane schematic view of the tunnel waterproof structure of the embodiment of the present application.
[0022] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic view of the tunnel waterproof structure of the embodiment of the present application.
[0023] Figure 3 It is a longitudinal sectional view (segment) of the tunnel waterproof structure of the embodiment of the present application.
[0024] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0025] 10, dam; 20, tunnel; 201, ordinary section; 202, low-position section; 30, river channel; 1, mountain; 11, grouting hole; 2, gallery; 21, construction road surface; 211, through hole; 22, retaining wall; 221, primary support; 222, secondary lining; 23, closed tunnel; 24, pre-buried pipe; 25, drainage ditch; 3, waterproof curtain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Although some embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be realized in various forms, and should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments described herein, on the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present application are only for illustrative purposes, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application.
[0027] The X-axis in the drawings represents left-right positions, and the positive direction of the X-axis represents the right side, and the negative direction of the X-axis represents the left side; the Y-axis in the drawings represents front-rear positions, and the positive direction of the Y-axis represents the front side, and the negative direction of the Y-axis represents the rear side; and the Z-axis in the drawings represents up-down positions, and the positive direction of the Z-axis represents the upper side, and the negative direction of the Z-axis represents the lower side. It should be noted that the meanings of the aforementioned X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or suggestive of the devices or elements referred to having to have a specific orientation, being constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the utility model.
[0028] The term "comprising" and variations thereof as used herein are open-ended, that is "including, but not limited to"; the term "based on" is, at least based on part on; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". Related definitions of other terms will be given in the description below. It should be noted that the "first", "second", and the like concepts mentioned in the utility model are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order or interdependence of the functions performed by these devices, modules or units.
[0029] It should be noted that the modification of "one" or "multiple" mentioned in the utility model is illustrative rather than limiting, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise explicitly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more".
[0030] In the case of large underground water pressure or complex geological conditions, the conventional waterproof and drainage measures in the related art are difficult to effectively prevent underground water from entering the tunnel. For example, for a tunnel whose road surface is located below the submergence line of a reservoir area, or a region with high underground water level and large water pressure, underground water will seep into the tunnel under natural flow, and simple lining waterproof and drainage ditches cannot cope with a large amount of underground water. In order to achieve better tunnel waterproof effect, the density of the drainage pipe network is usually increased to enhance the drainage capacity, but this results in a large amount of underground water being drained out of the tunnel, causing water and soil loss, and in severe cases, it can also cause the surrounding underground water level to drop, causing environmental problems such as ground subsidence; and the drainage pipe may also fail due to silt accumulation, debris blockage and the like. In special high-latitude or high-altitude cold regions, ice and snow accumulation not only hinders tunnel construction, but also can cause the drainage pipe to be frozen and cracked, resulting in the paralysis of the drainage function.
[0031] In view of the problems in the above-mentioned related art, the utility model provides a tunnel waterproof structure.
[0032] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2The utility model embodiment provides a kind of tunnel waterproof structure, for reservoir area over dam tunnel 20, including mountain 1, corridor 2 and water stop curtain 3, the corridor 2 is located inside the mountain 1, the water stop curtain 3 is successively arranged along the length direction of the corridor 2 and is vertically buried in the mountain 1 below the corridor 2;
[0033] Grouting hole 11 is opened in the mountain 1, and the grouting hole 11 is filled with cementing material to form the water stop curtain 3, and the corridor 2 is used for the construction and maintenance of the water stop curtain 3.
[0034] The section of the over dam tunnel 20 pavement higher than the submerged line is the ordinary section 201, and the section of the over dam tunnel 20 pavement lower than the submerged line is the low section 202, and the corridor 2 is arranged on the side of the low section 202 close to the dam 10, and the two ends of the corridor 2 are respectively communicated with the ordinary sections 201 in front of and behind the low section 202.
[0035] The top elevation of the water stop curtain 3 is not lower than the elevation of the reservoir submerged line, and the bottom elevation of the water stop curtain 3 is not higher than the pavement elevation of the low section 202.
[0036] Specifically, the river 30 has seasonal water level fluctuation due to natural reasons, so part of the mountain 1 near the river 30 is below the submerged line of the river 30. When the tunnel 20 pavement elevation is lower than the reservoir submerged line, the corridor 2 parallel to the tunnel 20 is arranged in the mountain 1 on the side of the tunnel 20 close to the dam 10, and the grouting hole is drilled in the mountain 1 below the corridor 2, the grouting hole is grouted through the corridor 2 to form the water stop curtain 3, the bottom plate of the corridor 2 is arranged above the submerged line elevation, and the top end of the water stop curtain 3 is fixed with the corridor 2 by pouring cementing material, the water stop curtain 3 can form a barrier in the mountain 1, block the groundwater on the side of the reservoir from spreading to the low section 202 of the tunnel 20, and also can reinforce the mountain 1, reduce the permeability coefficient of the mountain 1, seal and block water, and improve the ability of rock mass to withstand water pressure, reduce the risk of collapse of the reservoir mountain 1. The groundwater is diverted by the blocking of the water stop curtain 3, compared with the tunnel 20 drainage mode of the related art, the structure changes the drainage to water blocking, which is more conducive to the preservation of the original environment of the mountain 1, reduces soil erosion, and avoids environmental problems such as tunnel 20 settlement caused by lowering of groundwater level. The corridor 2 can provide enough space for construction grouting, later grouting and maintenance of the water stop curtain 3.
[0037] In the embodiment, Figure 2 The "+" filling area in the embodiment indicates the mountain 1, the corridor 2 and the water stop curtain 3 are aligned with the central axis, the centers of the two coincide when viewed from the plan, and it is necessary to ensure that the water stop curtain 3 is continuous and complete in the whole wall along the corridor 2 during construction. The cementing material used in the water stop curtain 3 is cement.
[0038] Referring toFigure 2 Optionally, the gallery 2 comprises a construction pavement 21 and a retaining wall 22, the construction pavement 21 and the retaining wall 22 form a closed tunnel 23, the construction pavement 21 is provided with through holes 211 corresponding to the grouting holes 11, the retaining wall 22 is used to resist the confining pressure generated by the mountain 1.
[0039] Specifically, the construction pavement 21 of the gallery 2 is used for passing and material transportation during construction, and the closed tunnel 23 formed by the retaining wall 22 and the construction pavement 21 can form a stable and safe construction environment inside the mountain 1. The through holes 211 are coaxially arranged with the grouting holes 11, and during the construction of the waterproof curtain 3, the through holes 211 can also be used as the indication points for drilling the grouting holes 11, which facilitates the drilling machine to drill the grouting holes 11 from the position of the through holes 211. In the later period, the gallery 2 can also be used for grouting quality detection and defect position grouting of the waterproof curtain 3.
[0040] In this embodiment, the curtain holes and the through holes 211 are arranged in a single row along the center line of the construction pavement 21 of the gallery 2. Exemplarily, the spacing between adjacent grouting holes 11 is 1.5 m; the gallery 2 is a circular-arch tunnel 20 structure with a net cross-sectional size of 3*3.5 m of the closed tunnel 23.
[0041] It is worth noting that the waterproof curtain 3 and the grouting hole 11 region are the same, before grouting construction, this region is the grouting hole 11; after pouring the slurry, the slurry in this region solidifies to form the waterproof curtain 3.
[0042] Referring to Figure 2 Optionally, the retaining wall 22 comprises a primary support 221 and a secondary lining 222, the primary support 221 is located outside the secondary lining 222 and is fixed to the mountain 1, and the secondary lining 222 is integrally formed with the construction pavement 21.
[0043] Specifically, since the gallery 2 is located above the submerged line elevation, the retaining wall 22 is made of the primary support 221 and the secondary lining 222 structures commonly used in ordinary tunnels 20, so that additional waterproof and drainage facilities specially used for special sections are not needed, thereby saving the construction cost of the gallery 2. Integrally forming and pouring the secondary lining 222 with the construction pavement 21 can improve the sealing property of the gallery 2 structure and avoid the infiltration of underground water into the closed tunnel 23.
[0044] In this embodiment, Figure 2The dotted line in the middle represents the axis, and the size unit in the figure is cm. For example, the initial support 221 is 10 cm thick, adopts the hanging net spraying C20 concrete process, the spacing of the reinforcing mesh is 20 cm x 20 cm, and the reinforcing steel used is Φ6 grade; the secondary lining 222 is 40 cm thick, adopts C25 concrete integrated molding pouring, and the whole retaining wall 22 is divided into a section every 10 m along the length direction, and rubber water stop is used for connection at the partition.
[0045] Referring to Figure 2 Optionally, a pre-buried pipe 24 is inserted in the through hole 211, and the pre-buried pipe 24 is buried to a depth of not less than 2 m and the top of the pipe is higher than the elevation of the construction pavement 21.
[0046] Specifically, the pre-buried pipe 24 at the mouth of the through hole 211 can facilitate the connection of grouting equipment, the pre-buried pipe 24 is buried to a depth of not less than 2 m to avoid backflow caused by slurry clogging at the pipe mouth, and the top of the pre-buried pipe 24 is higher than the elevation of the construction pavement 21 to facilitate disassembly after grouting is completed.
[0047] Optionally, the grouting hole 11 includes curtain holes and inspection holes, and the inspection holes are uniformly and regularly distributed along the water stop curtain 3.
[0048] Specifically, the inspection holes are arranged in the grouting hole 11 at a certain ratio and are uniformly and regularly distributed along the water stop curtain 3, in the grouting construction process, the curtain holes are grouted first, and whether there is an abnormality is observed. If there is an abnormality such as slurry leakage or large slurry consumption, the nearest inspection hole can be used to timely investigate the abnormality.
[0049] Referring to Figure 3 In this embodiment, only a line segment represents the center line of the grouting hole 11, and for example, the spacing between the center lines of adjacent grouting holes 11 is 150 cm, and the ratio of the curtain holes to the inspection holes is 9:1.
[0050] Optionally, the inspection hole is configured to be grouted in the whole hole.
[0051] Specifically, after the inspection of the abnormal grouting position is completed, grouting is continued in the inspection hole, so as to maintain the continuity and integrity of the water stop curtain 3.
[0052] Referring to Figure 3 Optionally, the grouting hole 11 is divided into multiple types according to the pouring sequence, and the grouting holes 11 of different sequences are regularly and alternately arranged along the path center line of the gallery 2.
[0053] Specifically, the regular and alternate arrangement along the path of the gallery 2 can ensure the uniformity of the grouting quality of the water stop curtain 3.
[0054] In this embodiment, the grouting holes 11 are divided into first-order holes, second-order holes and third-order holes. In the construction process, the first-order holes are poured first, then the second-order holes are poured after all the first-order holes are poured, and so on, and the third-order holes are poured after all the second-order holes are poured.
[0055] Referring to Figure 3 Optionally, the bottom edge of the waterproof curtain 3 is parallel to the road surface of the low-end section 202 of the dam-passing tunnel 20. The dam-passing tunnel 20 is divided into a high-end and a low-end according to the road surface elevation. The grouting holes 11 of the same order are arranged to be poured from the low-end to the high-end in sequence.
[0056] Specifically, Figure 3 The upper parallel to the X-axis solid line segment represents the upper and lower edges of the gallery 2, and the inclined dashed line extending along the X direction represents the edge of the dam-passing tunnel 20. The left side of the figure is the high-end, and the right side is the low-end. The figure uses a line segment parallel to the Z-axis to represent the center line of the grouting hole 11. The dash-dot line represents the first-order hole, the solid line segment represents the second-order hole, and the dashed line represents the third-order hole. The top edge of the waterproof curtain 3 is at the same elevation as the submergence line of the reservoir area, and the bottom edge is parallel to the bottom edge of the tunnel 20, which can effectively prevent water while saving and reducing drilling and grouting costs as much as possible. Pouring the grouting holes 11 of the same order from the low-end to the high-end in sequence can achieve self-compaction of the slurry by gravity, so as to avoid the situation of slurry leakage at the high-end due to the existence of gaps inside the mountain 1.
[0057] In this embodiment, for example, the bottom edge of the waterproof curtain 3 is 10m away from the bottom edge of the dam-passing tunnel 20.
[0058] Referring to Figure 1 Optionally, the horizontal clear distance between the gallery 2 and the dam-passing tunnel 20 is not less than twice the diameter of the dam-passing tunnel 20.
[0059] Specifically, the dam-passing tunnel 20 and the gallery 2 are both arranged inside the same mountain 1. For safety and economic considerations, the horizontal clear distance between the dam-passing tunnel 20 and the gallery 2 is preferably greater than twice the diameter of the dam-passing tunnel 20. If the clear distance between the two parallel mountain tunnels is too small, it will interfere with each other's construction and additionally increase the cost of supporting the mountain 1, which is not conducive to maintaining the stability of the structure of the mountain 1.
[0060] Optionally, the gallery 2 is provided with hydrological monitoring equipment.
[0061] Specifically, after the construction of the waterproof curtain 3 is completed, hydrological monitoring equipment is arranged inside the gallery 2, which can monitor the hydrological conditions around the dam-passing tunnel 20 at all times. When the waterproof curtain 3 leaks or is damaged, the monitoring data can be used to timely discover and eliminate safety hazards, further improving the utilization rate of the gallery 2.
[0062] Although the utility model discloses as above, the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to this only.The person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and these changes and modifications will all fall into the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A tunnel waterproofing structure, characterized by, The dam-passing tunnel (20) comprises a mountain (1), a gallery (2) and a waterproof curtain (3), the gallery (2) is located inside the mountain (1), and the waterproof curtain (3) is continuously arranged along the length direction of the gallery (2) and vertically buried in the mountain (1) below the gallery (2); A grouting hole (11) is formed in the mountain (1), the grouting hole (11) is filled with cementing material to form the waterproof curtain (3), and the gallery (2) is used for construction and maintenance of the waterproof curtain (3); A section of the dam-passing tunnel (20) with a road surface higher than the submergence line is a normal section (201), a section of the dam-passing tunnel (20) with a road surface lower than the submergence line is a low section (202), the gallery (2) is arranged on the low section (202) close to the dam (10), and the gallery (2) is communicated with the normal sections (201) before and after the low section (202) at two ends of the gallery (2). The top end of the waterproof curtain (3) is not lower than the elevation of the submergence line of the reservoir area, and the bottom end of the waterproof curtain (3) is not higher than the road surface elevation of the low section (202).
2. The tunnel waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gallery (2) comprises a construction road surface (21) and a retaining wall (22), the construction road surface (21) and the retaining wall (22) form a closed tunnel (23), the construction road surface (21) is provided with through holes (211) at intervals along the line, the through holes (211) are communicated with the grouting holes (11) one by one, and the retaining wall (22) is used for resisting the surrounding pressure generated by the mountain (1).
3. The tunnel waterproofing structure according to claim 2, wherein The retaining wall (22) comprises a primary support (221) and a secondary lining (222), the primary support (221) is located outside the secondary lining (222) and is fixed to the mountain (1), and the secondary lining (222) is integrally formed with the construction road surface (21).
4. The tunnel waterproofing structure according to claim 2, wherein A pre-buried pipe (24) is inserted in the through hole (211), the pre-buried pipe (24) is buried to a depth of not less than 2 m and has a top higher than the elevation of the construction road surface (21).
5. The tunnel waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The grouting hole (11) comprises a curtain hole and an inspection hole, and the inspection holes are uniformly and regularly distributed along the whole line of the waterproof curtain (3).
6. The tunnel waterproofing structure according to claim 5, wherein The inspection hole is configured to be fully grouted.
7. The tunnel waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The grouting holes (11) are divided into multiple types according to pouring sequences, and the grouting holes (11) of different sequences are regularly and alternately arranged along the path center line of the gallery (2).
8. The tunnel waterproofing structure according to claim 6, wherein The bottom edge of the waterproof curtain (3) is parallel to the road surface of the low section (202) of the dam-passing tunnel (20), the dam-passing tunnel (20) is divided into a high end and a low end according to the road surface elevation, and the grouting holes (11) of the same sequence are configured to be poured from the low end to the high end in sequence.
9. The tunnel waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The horizontal distance between the gallery (2) and the dam-passing tunnel (20) is not less than twice the diameter of the dam-passing tunnel (20).
10. The tunnel waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The gallery (2) is provided with hydrological monitoring equipment.