Front cross beam assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a front cross beam assembly and a vehicle, and the front cross beam assembly comprises a front cross beam body which is a tubular beam; the first cross beam support is connected with the end of the front cross beam body, the first cross beam support is provided with a first support body, the first support body is of a cylindrical structure, and a towing hook base is arranged on the first support body; the towing assembly is connected with the towing hook seat, and the towing assembly is provided with a towing hook. The problem that in the prior art, a vehicle towing hook is prone to failure is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of crossbeam structure technology, and more specifically, to a front crossbeam assembly and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the front crossbeams of engineering vehicles are mostly channel beam structures, connected and fixed to the longitudinal beams of the frame by bolts. The channel beam structure has a large cross-sectional dimension, occupying a large amount of space at the front of the vehicle, making it difficult to meet the new layout requirements of the front of the vehicle (such as the requirement of raising the entire cab bumper in flat-floor models). In addition, the space for tow hooks at the front of the vehicle is getting smaller and smaller, with insufficient space to install tow hooks that can withstand large towing forces, resulting in low tow hook load-bearing capacity and frequent tow hook breakage failure modes. Utility Model Content

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a front crossbeam assembly and a vehicle to solve the problem of easy failure of vehicle tow hooks in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a front crossbeam assembly is provided, comprising: a front crossbeam body, the front crossbeam body being a tubular beam; a first crossbeam bracket, the first crossbeam bracket being connected to the end of the front crossbeam body, the first crossbeam bracket having a first bracket body, the first bracket body being a cylindrical structure, and a towing hook seat being provided on the first bracket body; and a towing assembly, the towing assembly being connected to the towing hook seat, the towing assembly having a trailer hook.

[0005] Furthermore, the first crossbeam support also includes: a support joint, the first end of which is connected to the end of the first support body facing the front crossbeam body, and the second end of which extends into the interior of the front crossbeam body near the end of the first crossbeam support.

[0006] Furthermore, the diameter of the bracket joint is smaller than the diameter of the front crossbeam body, the diameter of the bracket joint is smaller than the diameter of the first bracket body, the diameter of the first bracket body is equal to the diameter of the front crossbeam body, and / or, the bracket joint is coaxially arranged with the first bracket body and the front crossbeam body.

[0007] Furthermore, the first crossbeam support also includes: a support connecting seat, one side of which is connected to the end of the first support body away from the front crossbeam body, and the other side of which is connected to at least one of the frame and the longitudinal beam.

[0008] Furthermore, one end of the hook seat is connected to the outer wall of the first support body, and the other end of the hook seat extends downward in the vertical direction.

[0009] Furthermore, the tow hook base is provided with a connection hole, and the trailer hook is connected to the tow hook base through the connection hole. The trailer hook includes two wing plates spaced apart along the height direction, forming a towing space between the two wing plates. The towing assembly also includes: a front tow hook pin, which is located in the towing space, and its two ends are respectively connected to the two wing plates; and a cotter pin, which is detachably connected to the front tow hook pin.

[0010] Furthermore, the connecting hole is provided with an internal thread, and the connecting section between the trailer hook and the hook seat is provided with an external thread, with the internal and external threads being configured to mesh.

[0011] Furthermore, the front crossbeam body includes: a tube beam body; a tube beam radar bracket connected to the tube beam body; and a tube beam wiring harness bracket connected to the tube beam body.

[0012] Furthermore, the front crossbeam assembly also includes a second crossbeam bracket, which is connected to the end of the front crossbeam body away from the first crossbeam bracket, and the second crossbeam bracket has the same structure as the first crossbeam bracket.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a front crossbeam assembly, the front crossbeam assembly being the aforementioned front crossbeam assembly.

[0014] By applying the technical solution of this utility model, the front crossbeam body is a tubular beam, and the first crossbeam support has a first support body, which is a cylindrical structure. A tow hook seat is provided on the first support body, providing ample space for the tow hook at the front of the vehicle, thereby enabling the tow hook to bear greater loads. This application solves the problem of easy failure of vehicle tow hooks in the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

[0016] In the attached diagram:

[0017] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the front crossbeam assembly according to the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the front crossbeam assembly according to the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the front crossbeam assembly according to the present invention is shown.

[0020] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0021] 1. First crossbeam support;

[0022] 2. Second crossbeam support;

[0023] 3. Front crossbeam body; 31. Tube beam body; 32. Tube beam radar bracket; 33. Tube beam wiring harness bracket;

[0024] 4. Trailer hook;

[0025] 5. Front tow hook pin;

[0026] 6. Cotter pin;

[0027] 11. First support body;

[0028] 12. Bracket connector;

[0029] 13. Bracket connector;

[0030] 14. Hook mount. Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this utility model application can be combined with each other. The present utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this utility model application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this utility model specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this utility model application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0034] Exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this invention is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals are used to denote the same devices, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0035] Combination Figures 1 to 3 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of this utility model application, a front crossbeam assembly is provided, including: a front crossbeam body 3, which is a tubular beam; a first crossbeam bracket 1, which is connected to the end of the front crossbeam body 3, the first crossbeam bracket 1 having a first bracket body 11, which is a cylindrical structure, and a tow hook seat 14 is provided on the first bracket body 11; and a towing assembly, which is connected to the tow hook seat 14, and has a trailer hook 4.

[0036] By applying the technical solution of this utility model, the front crossbeam body 3 is a tubular beam, and the first crossbeam support 1 has a first support body 11, which is a cylindrical structure. A tow hook seat 14 is provided on the first support body 11, which provides a large arrangement space for the tow hook at the front of the vehicle, thereby enabling the tow hook to have a large bearing capacity. This application solves the problem of easy failure of vehicle tow hooks in the prior art.

[0037] By directly setting the tow hook seat 14 on the first crossbeam bracket 1, the need for additional tow hook mounting parts is avoided, thereby reducing the space occupied at the front of the vehicle and making the design of the front of the vehicle more compact. This is conducive to the high-position arrangement of the cab bumper of special models such as flat-floor vehicles.

[0038] The first support body 11 adopts a cylindrical structure design. Compared with traditional channel beams or other straight structures, this shape can provide higher bending and torsional resistance with the same amount of material used, thereby improving the structural strength and torsional stiffness of the entire front crossbeam assembly and ensuring the stability and safety of the front crossbeam and frame when subjected to heavy towing.

[0039] As part of the towing assembly, the trailer hook 4 is fixed to the tow hook seat 14 by a threaded connection. The combination of the front tow hook pin 5 and the cotter pin 6 not only ensures the reliable fixing of the trailer hook 4, but also facilitates daily maintenance and quick disassembly and assembly in emergencies, improving the flexibility and efficiency of towing operations.

[0040] Optionally, the first crossbeam support 1 is connected to the front crossbeam body 3 by welding, and the first crossbeam support 1 is a cast part. This manufacturing process greatly reduces processing time and the number of parts, thus lowering costs. Furthermore, the application of an automatic welding machine ensures consistent welding quality and high strength, improving production efficiency.

[0041] Furthermore, the first crossbeam support 1 also includes a support joint 12, the first end of which is connected to the end of the first support body 11 facing the front crossbeam body 3, and the second end of the support joint 12 extends into the interior of the front crossbeam body 3 near the end of the first crossbeam support 1.

[0042] The structural design of the bracket joint 12 extending into the front crossbeam body 3 can effectively improve the connection strength between the first crossbeam bracket 1 and the front crossbeam body 3 by increasing the contact area and changing the force transmission path, thereby enhancing the stability of the entire front crossbeam assembly, especially when subjected to large lateral and longitudinal forces.

[0043] This connection method can better distribute the concentrated force generated by towing operations, avoid excessive local stress, reduce the risk of fatigue failure, and extend the service life of the front crossbeam assembly.

[0044] The contact between the bracket joint 12 and the interior of the front crossbeam body 3 provides a more stable welding platform, which is conducive to the precise welding of the automatic welding machine, ensuring the strength and consistency of the weld, and may also simplify the assembly process and improve production efficiency.

[0045] Optionally, additional reinforcements, such as reinforcing ribs and bolts, are provided at the connection between the bracket joint 12 and the first bracket body 11, and at the contact surface between the bracket joint 12 and the interior of the front crossbeam body 3, to further enhance the structural strength of the connection, while ensuring the alignment and positioning of each component and improving assembly accuracy.

[0046] To cope with the impacts that the front crossbeam assembly may suffer under different operating conditions, the connection area between the bracket joint 12 and the front crossbeam body 3 has a deformable or energy-absorbing structure. For example, special deformable materials are used in the joint area, or elastically deformable connecting parts are designed. When encountering a sudden impact, this area absorbs energy through deformation, reducing damage to the frame and other core components, and improving the vehicle's safety and durability.

[0047] In addition to its role in connection and reinforcement, the bracket connector 12 can also integrate functional components, such as sensor mounting points and air guide holes, to monitor the working status of the front crossbeam or to help improve airflow distribution, reduce wind resistance, and enhance the vehicle's aerodynamic performance.

[0048] Furthermore, the diameter of the bracket joint 12 is smaller than the diameter of the front crossbeam body 3, the diameter of the bracket joint 12 is smaller than the diameter of the first bracket body 11, the diameter of the first bracket body 11 is equal to the diameter of the front crossbeam body 3, and / or the bracket joint 12 is coaxially arranged with the first bracket body 11 and the front crossbeam body 3.

[0049] Coaxial arrangement ensures smoother and more uniform force transmission, reduces stress concentration, and improves the overall stability and reliability of the structure.

[0050] Although the bracket joint 12 has a small diameter, its design, which extends deep into the front crossbeam body 3, increases the effective contact area of ​​the connection, thereby enhancing the rigidity of the connection. This design is particularly important when subjected to dynamic loads, as it can effectively dampen shocks and extend the life of the components.

[0051] The coaxial design of the bracket joint 12 and the front crossbeam body 3 simplifies the alignment process during welding, ensuring welding quality and strength. At the same time, this design also facilitates automated assembly and improves production efficiency.

[0052] The diameter of the bracket joint 12 is smaller than that of the front crossbeam body 3 and the first bracket body 11. This means that while ensuring connection strength, less material can be used to reduce the weight of the front crossbeam assembly, which has a positive impact on improving vehicle fuel efficiency and reducing operating costs.

[0053] Optionally, the bracket joint 12 can gradually reduce in diameter from the connection point with the first bracket body 11 to the interior of the front crossbeam body 3, forming a gradient cross section. This design can optimize the force transmission efficiency while reducing material usage and further reducing weight.

[0054] In an alternative embodiment, the bracket joint 12 has reinforcing ribs or is filled with high-strength material inside or in contact with the front crossbeam body 3 to enhance the structural strength of the connection without adding excessive volume and weight, which is particularly suitable for tow hook connections that need to withstand extremely high forces.

[0055] The connection depth between the bracket connector 12 and the front crossbeam body 3 is adjustable. Through threads or other connection methods, the extent to which the bracket connector 12 penetrates into the front crossbeam body 3 can be adjusted according to the specific vehicle model or load requirements, flexibly adapting to different working conditions and improving the versatility and adaptability of the front crossbeam assembly.

[0056] Furthermore, a force sensor or strain gauge can be integrated at the connection between the bracket joint 12 and the front crossbeam body 3 to monitor the stress state and structural health of the connection in real time. The data can be fed back to the driver or maintenance center through the vehicle network to detect potential problems in advance and ensure driving safety.

[0057] Furthermore, the first crossbeam support 1 also includes: a support connecting seat 13, one side of which is connected to the end of the first support body 11 away from the front crossbeam body 3, and the other side of which is connected to at least one of the frame and the longitudinal beam.

[0058] The direct connection between the bracket connector 13 and the frame or longitudinal beam provides a stable support point for the front crossbeam assembly, ensuring its stability under towing forces. Especially when the vehicle is traveling in complex road conditions, this design reduces vibration and displacement of the front crossbeam assembly, improving the overall rigidity of the vehicle chassis. As a force transmission link, the bracket connector 13 can more rationally distribute the force transmitted from the tow hook to the front crossbeam assembly, avoiding force concentration, reducing localized stress, thereby extending the service life of the front crossbeam assembly and reducing the risk of structural failure.

[0059] The design of the bracket connector 13 allows for more diverse connection methods between the first crossbeam bracket 1 and the vehicle frame or longitudinal beam. Connections can be achieved through bolts, riveting, or welding, facilitating on-site installation and maintenance. This design also allows for flexible adjustment of the connection position and angle across different vehicle models, enhancing the versatility of the front crossbeam assembly. The bracket connector 13 can be designed with a collision energy-absorbing structure, such as a deformable zone or energy-absorbing material. When the vehicle experiences a frontal or side collision, it can absorb some of the impact energy, reducing the direct impact on the passenger compartment and improving vehicle safety performance.

[0060] Furthermore, one end of the hook seat 14 is connected to the outer wall of the first bracket body 11, and the other end of the hook seat 14 extends downward in the vertical direction.

[0061] Furthermore, the tow hook seat 14 is provided with a connection hole, and the tow hook 4 is connected to the tow hook seat 14 through the connection hole. The tow hook 4 includes two wing plates spaced apart along the height direction, forming a towing space between the two wing plates. The towing assembly also includes: a front tow hook pin 5, which is located in the towing space and whose two ends are respectively connected to the two wing plates; and a cotter pin 6, which is detachably connected to the front tow hook pin 5.

[0062] Specifically, the design of the two wing plates provides a larger contact area and stronger connection strength. The front tow hook pin 5 passes through the two wing plates and is connected to the tow hook seat 14. The front tow hook pin 5 is then locked with a cotter pin 6, forming a double-safety connection mechanism. This effectively prevents accidental loosening or detachment due to vibration or impact during towing, ensuring the safety of towing operations.

[0063] The towing space formed between the two wing plates can be designed with different sizes and shapes to accommodate the hooks of different trailer equipment, improving the versatility and applicability of the towing components. This design also facilitates quick attachment and detachment of trailer equipment, enhancing work efficiency. The connection method using the front tow hook pin 5 and cotter pin 6 makes the replacement and maintenance of the tow hook 4 extremely convenient. When the tow hook 4 is damaged or worn, simply removing the cotter pin 6 and the front tow hook pin 5 allows for easy replacement with a new tow hook, without disassembling the entire front crossbeam assembly, significantly reducing maintenance costs and time.

[0064] By cleverly combining the wing plate of the trailer hook 4 and the front trailer hook pin 5, a compact design of the trailer hook can be achieved, reducing the volume of the overall front crossbeam assembly, improving the space utilization of the front of the vehicle, and providing more freedom for the arrangement of other key components.

[0065] Furthermore, the connecting hole is provided with an internal thread, and the connecting section between the trailer hook 4 and the hook seat 14 is provided with an external thread, with the internal and external threads being designed to mesh. This design results in a simple structure and a straightforward operation process.

[0066] Furthermore, the front crossbeam body 3 includes: a tubular beam body 31; a tubular beam radar bracket 32 ​​connected to the tubular beam body 31; and a tubular beam wiring harness bracket 33 connected to the tubular beam body 31. By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the integration of the front crossbeam body 3 is improved, making vehicle wiring harness arrangement easier.

[0067] Furthermore, the front crossbeam assembly also includes a second crossbeam bracket 2, which is connected to the end of the front crossbeam body 3 away from the first crossbeam bracket 1. The second crossbeam bracket 2 has the same structure as the first crossbeam bracket 1.

[0068] In one optional embodiment, the present invention provides a front crossbeam assembly, including a front crossbeam right bracket, a front crossbeam left bracket, a front crossbeam tube beam, a front tow hook, a front tow hook pin, and a cotter pin.

[0069] The right front crossbeam bracket is a single cast component, comprising the right front crossbeam bracket body, the right front crossbeam bracket connector, the right front crossbeam bracket connecting end, and the right front crossbeam bracket tow hook seat. The right front crossbeam bracket connecting end is bolted to the vehicle frame, connecting the front crossbeam assembly to the frame. The right front crossbeam bracket is welded to the front crossbeam tube beam. The right front crossbeam bracket connector is coaxial with the right front crossbeam bracket body and also coaxial with the shaft of the front crossbeam tube beam. This structure allows for automated welding, ensuring weld strength.

[0070] The front crossbeam includes the crossbeam itself, the radar bracket, and the wiring harness bracket. The radar bracket and wiring harness bracket are welded to the crossbeam. This allows for the fixation of the radar assembly and the vehicle's wiring harness, resulting in a more rational layout of the vehicle's modules.

[0071] The right front crossbeam bracket, left front crossbeam bracket, and front crossbeam tube beam are welded together to form a front crossbeam assembly. The front tow hook is threaded onto the tow hook seat of the right front crossbeam bracket. The front tow hook has external threads, while the tow hook seat of the right front crossbeam bracket has internal threads. The front tow hook pin passes through the through holes at the upper and lower ends of the front tow hook, connecting with it. Finally, a cotter pin is used to lock and secure the front tow hook pin to the front tow hook, thus achieving the function of an integrated front tow hook.

[0072] Both the right and left supports of the front crossbeam are cast steel components, possessing high tensile strength, thus enhancing the strength of the front crossbeam itself and the torsional stiffness and strength of the front end of the frame. The right support of the front crossbeam has a tow hook mount, which can meet the requirements for using tow hooks with high load-bearing capacity. According to another aspect of this utility model, a vehicle is provided, including a front crossbeam assembly, which is the aforementioned front crossbeam assembly.

[0073] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of this utility model achieve the following technical effects: This utility model provides a front crossbeam assembly with high assembly precision, small space occupation, and integrated high-load-bearing hook, achieving the following technical effects:

[0074] 1. Improved the assembly precision of the front crossbeam assembly, reduced the space occupied, and adapted to the new layout requirements of the front end of the vehicle.

[0075] 2. It integrates a high-load-bearing tow hook, solving the failure mode of tow hook breakage and enhancing the reliability of the tow hook.

[0076] 3. The structure of the front crossbeam assembly has been optimized, improving the torsional stiffness and strength of the front end of the frame.

[0077] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0078] In addition to the above, it should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this utility model specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this utility model application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this utility model.

[0079] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0080] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A front cross member assembly characterized by, include: The front crossbeam body (3) is a tubular beam; The first crossbeam support (1) is connected to the end of the front crossbeam body (3). The first crossbeam support (1) has a first support body (11). The first support body (11) is a cylindrical structure. A hook seat (14) is provided on the first support body (11). A towing assembly connected to the tow hook seat (14), the towing assembly having a trailer hook (4).

2. The front crossmember assembly of claim 1, wherein, The first crossbeam support (1) also includes: A bracket connector (12) is provided, with its first end connected to one end of the first bracket body (11) facing the front crossbeam body (3), and its second end extending into the interior of the front crossbeam body (3) near the end of the first crossbeam bracket (1).

3. The front crossmember assembly of claim 2, wherein, The diameter of the bracket joint (12) is smaller than the diameter of the front crossbeam body (3), the diameter of the bracket joint (12) is smaller than the diameter of the first bracket body (11), the diameter of the first bracket body (11) is equal to the diameter of the front crossbeam body (3), and / or, the bracket joint (12) is coaxially arranged with the first bracket body (11) and the front crossbeam body (3).

4. The front crossmember assembly of claim 1, wherein, The first crossbeam support (1) also includes: A bracket connecting seat (13) is provided, one side of which is connected to the end of the first bracket body (11) away from the front crossbeam body (3), and the other side of which is connected to at least one of the frame and the longitudinal beam.

5. The front crossmember assembly of claim 1, wherein, One end of the hook seat (14) is connected to the outer wall of the first bracket body (11), and the other end of the hook seat (14) extends downward in the vertical direction.

6. The front crossmember assembly of claim 1, wherein, The tow hook base (14) is provided with a connection hole, and the tow hook (4) is connected to the tow hook base (14) through the connection hole. The tow hook (4) includes two wing plates spaced apart along the height direction, forming a towing space between the two wing plates. The towing assembly further includes: A front tow hook pin (5) is located within the towing space, and both ends of the front tow hook pin (5) are respectively connected to the two wing plates. A cotter pin (6) is detachably connected to the front tow hook pin (5).

7. The front crossmember assembly of claim 6, wherein, The connecting hole is provided with an internal thread, and the connecting section between the trailer hook (4) and the hook seat (14) is provided with an external thread. The internal thread and the external thread are provided in an engaging manner.

8. The front crossmember assembly of claim 1, wherein, The front crossbeam body (3) includes: Pipe beam body (31); A tube beam radar support (32) is connected to the tube beam body (31); A tube beam harness bracket (33) is connected to the tube beam body (31).

9. The front crossmember assembly of any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The front crossbeam assembly also includes a second crossbeam bracket (2), which is connected to the end of the front crossbeam body (3) away from the first crossbeam bracket (1). The second crossbeam bracket (2) has the same structure as the first crossbeam bracket (1).

10. A vehicle comprising a front cross-car beam assembly, characterized in that, The front crossbeam assembly is the front crossbeam assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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